七年级下册Unit 3-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

7年级下Unit3词汇精讲 Unit3 train 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):火车；列车 Ve went by train.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(v.):训练；培训 She trained as a nurse.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：trainer::训练员；培训师；例句：The trainer is very strict..(来源：牛津高阶词典)名词：training:训练；培训； 例句：She needs more training..(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式I过去分词：trained:规则变化，直接加-ed;例 句：He trained hard for the competition..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：training:直接加-ing:例句：They are training for the race.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：educate:动词，教育；培养；例句：Parents should educate their children to be good citizens.(来源：牛津高 阶词典)近义词：coach:动词，训练；指导；例句：The teacher coaches the students for the exam.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：by train:乘火车；适用于描述出行方式的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：I go to school by train..(来源：牛津 高阶词典)短语2：train sb.to do sth.:训练某人做某事；适用于描述训练活动的场景，语法上to后接训练的具体行 为；例句：They trained the dog to fetch things.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：train for:为…而训练；适用于描述 为某目标进行训练的场景，语法上for后接训练目标；例句：He is training for the Olympics.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：in-train:进行中；适用于描述事情处于进行状态的场景；例句：Preparations were in-train.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式；原题：He】 (train)to be a doctor last year..(答案：trained)考法2：考察固定搭 配y train;原题：I usually go to work (答案：by train) (来源：教材) bus 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):公共汽车，巴士 I go to school by bus..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数形式：buses;名词变复数时，一般在词尾加-es;例句：There are many buses on the road.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：coach:名词，长途汽车；例句：Ne took a coach to the city..(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：omnibus:名 词，公共汽车；例句：The omnibus is a traditional form of public transport..(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：by bus:乘坐公共汽车；适用于描述出行方式的场景，语法上by后直接接交通工具；例句：I usually go to work by bus..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：take a bus:乘坐公共汽车；适用于表达某人进行乘坐公共汽车这个 动作的场景，语法上take为谓语动词；例句：You can take a bus to the park.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)：短语3： bus stop:公共汽车站；适用于描述地点的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：I wait for the bus at the bus stop (来源：柯林斯词典)；短语4：get on the bus:上公共汽车；适用于描述上车动作的场景，语法上get on为动词短 语；例句：Please get on the bus quickly.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式：原题：There are three (bus)at the bus stop.(答案：buses) (来源：教材) seventy 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):七十；七十个 He is in his early seventy.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj):七十的；七十个的 There are seventy students in this class..(来源：自编合理例句，权威词典较难检索简单基数词例句) 词性转换 ■名词复数：seventies;指七十多岁或世纪的七十年代；例句：He retired in his seventies..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：septuagenarian:名词，七十至七十九岁的人；例句：The septuagenarian is very healthy.(来源：韦氏词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's seventies:在某人七十多岁时；适用于描述年龄阶段的场景，语法上one's后接表示人的形容词 性物主代词；例句：My grandfather became very active in his seventies.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语2：the seven- ties:指二十世纪七十年代：适用于描述时间的场景；例句：The music ofthe seventies is sti圳I popular..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式表示年代；原题：In the_一(seventy,)many changes took place.(答案：seventies) (来源：教材) sixty 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):六十；六十个 He has sixty books..(来源：朗文当代词典) ■(adj)(adj.):六十的；六十个的 There are sixty students in the classroom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■-基数词变序数词：siⅸktieth:第六十；例句：Today is my sixtieth birthday.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-近义词：threescore:.数词，六十；例句：Threescore years and ten is the common lifespan.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's sixties:在某人六十多岁时：适用于描述年龄阶段的场景，语法上in后接表示某人的所有格；例句： My grandfather is in his sixties.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：sixty minutes:六十分钟；适用于描述时间的场景， 语法上作名词短语；例句：Siⅸty minutes makes an hour..(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察基数词变序数词；原题：He lives on the_(sixty)floor.(答案：sixtieth) (来源：教材) bike 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):自行车；脚踏车 1 go to school by bike.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):骑自行车 She biked to the park..(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■名词复数：bikes;例句：There are many bikes in the bike-shed.（来源：朗文当代词典)动词现在分词：biking;例 句：He is biking along the river..(来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式和过去分词：biked;例句：They biked around the town last Sunday.(来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：cycle:名词，自行车；例句：He rides a cycle to work every day.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：bicycle: 名词，自行车；例句：A bicycle is a good means of transportation.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：ride a bike:骑自行车；适用于描述出行方式的场景，语法上ride后直接接bike;例句：Iusually ride a bike to the supermarket..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：by bike:骑自行车；适用于表达交通方式的场景，语法上直接 用于句中；例句：She goes to work by bike.(来源：剑桥词典)短语3：bike to:骑车去某地；适用于描述去某个地 方的出行方式，语法上to后接地点；例句：He bikes to school every morning.(来源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are two._ (bike)in front of the house.(答案：bi冰es)考法2：考察动词的现 在分词形式；原题：Look!They are」 (bike)on the road.(答案：biking) (来源：教材) eighty 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):八十；八十个 The temperature reached eighty degrees yesterday..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):八十的；八十个的 He has eighty books in his study.(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■-序数词：eightieth(第八十)例句：Today is my eightieth birthday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-复数形式：eighties(指 八十年代或八十多岁)例句：He was born in the eighties.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：eightyfold:形容词，八十倍的；例句：The population has increased eightyfold.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's eighties:在某人八十多岁时；适用于描述年龄阶段的场景，语法上one's用形容词性物主代词；例 句：My grandma is in her eighties.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：the eighties:八十年代；适用于描述时间年代的 场景；例句：Many great movies were made in the eighties.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察基数词变序数词；原题：My grandfather is celebrating his (eighty)birthday.(答案：eightieth) (来源：教材) ninety 词义与词性 ■(num.)(num.):九十 He is ninety years old.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：nineties;表示九十年代或九十多岁；例句：He was born in the nineties..(来源：柯林斯词典)；形容词：ninetieth; 表示第九十；例句：This is the ninetieth anniversary of the event.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：nonagenarian:名词，九十多岁的人；例句：The nonagenarian stil圳I has a sharp mind.(来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in one's nineties:在某人九十多岁时；适用于描述某人年龄阶段的场景，语法上one's后接人物的所有格； 例句：My great-grandmother is in her nineties..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：the nineties:九十年代；适用于描 述时间年代的场景；例句：Many great movies were made in the nineties..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察基数词与序数词的转换；原题：Today is my grandpa's (ninety)birthday.(答案：ninetieth) (来源：教材) hundred 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):一百；一百个；用于计数一百个事物或人 One hundred people attended the meeting..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(num.)(num.):一百；用于表示数量为一百 There are about two hundred students in the hall..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：hundreds;表示不确定的数目；例句：Hundreds of people were at the concert.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：a hundred:数词，一百；例句：A hundred years ago,life was very different..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义 词：century:名词，百年；例句：This custom has existed for centuries.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：hundreds of:数以百计的；适用于描述数量很多但不精确的场景，后接可数名词复数；例句：Hundreds of books are in the library.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：one hundred:一百；用于精确表达数量；例句：One hundred dollars is not enough for this coat.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：a hundred and one:许多；适用于形容数 量多；例句：I have a hundred and one things to do today.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察hundred前有具体数字时，hundred用单数形式；原题：There are five」 (hundred)students in our school. (答案：hundred):考法2：考察hundreds of表示不确定数目：原题： _(hundred)of birds fly over the lake every spring. （答案：Hundreds) (来源：教材) kilometer [词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):千米；公里 The nearest hospital is about five kilometers away.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■复数：kilometers;名词复数一般在词尾加-s;例句：The race is10 kilometers long.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：kilometre:名词，千米；公里；例句：The speed limit is60 kilometres per hour.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：per kilometer:每公里；适用于描述按公里计算的场景，语法上per后接单位；例句：The taxi fare is$2per kilometer..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：a few kilometers away:几公里远；适用于描述距离的场景；例句：There is a beautiful park a few kilometers away.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式：原题：The river is about two】 (kilometer)lbng.(答案：kilometers) (来源：教材) minute 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):分钟 The train leaves in ten minutes..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):一会儿，片刻 Wait a minute,please.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) ■(ad-)(adj):极小的，微小的 The scratches on the painting were minute..(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■名词复数：minutes;例句：The minutes of the meeting were approved.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：moment::名词，片刻；例句：''ll be with you in a moment..(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：instant:名词， 瞬间；例句：He answered the phone in an instant..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：a minute later:一分钟后；适用于描述时间顺序的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：A minute later,,he came back.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语2：wait a minute:等一会儿；适用于让人稍作等待的场景，语法上可单独 使用；例句：Wait a minute,I have something to tell you.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：in a minute:马上，立刻； 适用于表达即将做某事的场景，语法上可单独使用；例句：ll finish my homework in a minute.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语4：every minute:每分钟；适用于描述频率的场景，语法上可作时间状语；例句：He is getting more and more nervous every minute.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数；原题：There are sixty(minute)in an hour..(答案：minutes)考法2：考察固定搭配“wata minute'”;原题： (等一会儿)，1'm coming..(答案：Nait a minute) (来源：教材) far [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj.):远的；遥远的 The nearest hospital is guite far..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):远；遥远地 Ve didn't walk far.(来源：牛津高阶词典)》 ■(adv.)(adw.):到很大程度；很；极 This problem is far more difficult than I thought..(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词比较级：farther/.further;最高级：farthest./furthest;例句：The farther hill is five miles away.(来源：朗文当 代高级英语词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：distant:形容词，遥远的；例句：He lives in a distant village.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：remote:形 容词，偏远的；例句：They live in a remote area.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：far from:远非；离…远；适用于描述距离或程度相差大的场景，语法上from后接距离的对象或程度的参 照；例句：The result is far from satisfactory.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：as far as:就…而言；远到；适用于 描述范围或程度，语法上后接名词或句子；例句：As far as I know,he is a good student.(来源：朗文当代高级英语 词典)：短语3：soa:到目前为止：适用于描述从过去到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用；例句：Soar, we have learned a lot of English words.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语4：far away:遥远地；适用于描述距离远的场 景；例句：My grandparents live far away..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词比较级和最高级；原题：The moon is much. L(far)from the earth than the sun.(答案：farther)考法 2:考察固定搭配far from:原题：The problem is being solved.(答案：far from) (来源：教材) every [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):每一个；所有的；一切可能的 Every student in the class passed the exam.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(ad):每隔…的 The bus runs every half-hour(来源：柯林斯词典) [词性转换 ■通常无词性转换形式。 同近义词 ■-同义词：each(adj.):每一个；各个例句：Each child was given a present.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：all (adj.):所有的例句：All the students are here.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：every day:每天；适用于描述日常的、规律性的时间场景，语法上在句中作时间状语；例句：I go to school every day..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：every other::每隔；适用于描述间隔的时间或事物，语法上后接可 数名词单数；例句：He goes to the gym every other day.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：every few+复数名词：每隔 几…；适用于描述有一定间隔的数量场景，语法上few后接可数名词复数；例句：He comes to see me every few weeks.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察evey和each的区别：原题：_student has a book.Each/Every is different..(答案：Every)考法2：考察 evey修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：原题：Every boy and girl(be)invited to the party.(答案：s) (来源：教材) new [词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):新的；崭新的 She bought a new dress.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):刚出现的；刚体验到的 The new technology has changed our lives..(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj.):新买的；新得到的 I got a new job.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■副词：newy;表示“新近，最近”；例句：The house was newly decorated.(来源：柯林斯词典)名词：newness; 表示“新，新奇”；例句：The newness of the experience excited her.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：fresh:形容词，新的，新鲜的；例句：She always has fresh ideas.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：novel: 形容词，新颍的，新奇的；例句：The novel approach attracted many people.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：brand-new:全新的；适用于描述物品是完全崭新的场景，语法上可作定语修饰名词；例句：He has a brand- newlaptop.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：newto:对…不熟悉；适用于描述某人刚接触某事物的场景，语法上to后 接不熟悉的事物；例句：'m new to this city.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：new year:新年；适用于描述新年相关的场景， 语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：Ne celebrate the newyear every year..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：new look::新面貌； 适用于描述事物外观或形象改变的场景，语法上可作主语、宾语等；例句：The city has a new look.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级和最高级形式：原题：This year our school is much (new)than before.(答案：newer) 考法2：考察固定搭配“brand-new”:原题：He got a_ (brand-new/brand new)car..(答案：brand-new) (来源：教材) by 词义与词性 ■(prep.)(prep.):靠近；在…旁边 There is a chair by the window.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep)(prep.):不迟于；在…之前 We had to be home by ten o'clock.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(prep)(prep.):表示方式、方法、手段等，意为“凭借；靠；用” He makes a living by teaching.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(prep.)(prep.):表示交通方式，意为“乘；坐” I go to school by bike.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) ■(adv.)(adw.):经过；过去 A bus went by just a minute ago.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■by本身无常见词性转换形式 同近义词 ■近义词：near:介词，在…附近；例句：There is a supermarket near my home..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词： beside:介词，在…旁边；例句：Come and sit beside me.(来源：柯林斯词典)；近义词：via:介词，经由；通 过；例句：Ne flew to London via Paris..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：by the way::顺便说一下；用于转换话题的场景，语法上单独使用；例句：By the way,,have you seen Tom recently?(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：by oneself:.独自；适用于描述某人单独做某事的场景，语法上oneself要 与主语人称一致；例句：She can finish the task by herself.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：by mistake:错误地；适 用于描述做错事的场景，语法上可放在句首或句中；例句：I took your umbrella by mistake.（来源：牛津高阶词典)： 短语4：step by step:逐步地：适用于描述循序渐进的过程场景，语法上一般放在句首或句末；例句：Step by step, he learned how to play the piano.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察by表示交通方式的用法；原题：He goes to work_(by/on)subway..(答案：by):考法2：考察by表示时 间的用法；原题：You must finish your homework_by/im)Friday..(答案：by) (来源：教材) car 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):汽车；轿车 She drove her car into the wal∥.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):车厢 The first-.class car is in the front of the train.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词复数：cars;表示多个汽车或车厢；例句：There are many cars in the parking lot..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：automobile:名词，汽车；例句：Automobiles are a major source of air pollution.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近 义词：motorcar:名词，汽车；例句：The motorcar leaped forward..(来源：《外研社英语同义词辨析词典》) 固定搭配 ■短语1：car rental::汽车租赁；适用于租车的场景，语法上rental为名词；例句：Car rental is very popular during holidays.(来源：剑桥词典)短语2：car accident::车祸；适用于描述交通事故的场景，语法上accident为名词；例句： He was injured in a car accident..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：by car:乘汽车；适用于描述出行方式的场景，语法 上by后直接接交通工具；例句：Ne went to the park by car..(来源：朗文当代高级英语词典)短语4：car park:停 车场：适用于停车的场景，语法上park为名词；例句：There is a big car park near the supermarket..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法