七年级上册Unit 9-2025初中英语词汇精讲（旧人教版）

七年级上册Unit9词汇精讲 Unit 9 favorite 词义与词性 ■(adj.)(adj):特别受喜爱的 Blue is my favorite color..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):特别喜爱的人（或事物） This song is one of my favorites.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■名词：favoriteness;例句：The favoriteness of this toy among kids is obvious.(来源：英语学习资料) 同近义词 ■近义词：beloved:形容词，深受喜爱的；例句：He is her beloved husband.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：preferred: 形容词，首选的；例句：This is my preferred option.(来源：柯林斯词典) [固定搭配 ■短语1：favorite food:最喜欢的食物：适用于描述个人饮食喜好场景，语法上直接修饰名词；例句：My favorite food is pizza.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：favorite song:最喜欢的歌曲；适用于表达音乐喜好场景，语法上直 接修饰名词；例句：What's your favorite song?(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：one's favorite:某人最喜欢的人或事 物：适用于表达个人喜好场景，语法上one's后接所属人；例句：This book is my mom's favorite.(来源：英语学习资料) 典型考法 考法1：考察形容词用法：原题：M_ ,(favorite)subject is English.(答案：favorite)考法2：考察名词用法，注意单复 数；原题：These are my」 (favorite.（答案：favorites) (来源：教材) science 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):科学；自然科学 Science helps us understand the world better.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):自然科学的学习与研究 He is very interested in science.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):学科；理科 Mathematics is an important science.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：scientific;科学的；例句：We should have a scientific attitude towards this problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 名词：scientist;科学家；例句：My dream is to become a scientist..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：knowedge:名词，知识；例句：Knowledge is power..(来源：培根名言)近义词：technology:名词，技术； 例句：Technology has changed our lives greatly..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：science fiction:科幻小说；适用于描述文学体裁的场景，语法上fiction为不可数名词；例句：I like reading science fiction.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：science museum:科学博物馆；适用于描述地点的场景，语法上 museum为可数名词；例句：We went to the science museum last Sunday.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：social science: 社会科学；适用于描述学科分类的场景，语法上science为不可数名词；例句：He studies social science at university. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式：原题：There are many different (science)in the world.(答案：sciences)考法2：考察 其形容词形式：原题：We need to use_ _(science)methods to solve this problem.(答案：scientific) (来源：教材) subject [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):主题；话题；学科 The subject of our discussion is pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)》 ■(n.)(n.):科目；学科 1'm not very good at science subjects..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):(批评、研究等的)对象 He's become the subject of ridicule.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(adj)(adj.):易遭受…的 Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■动词：subject;形容词：subjective;名词：subjectivity;例句：Ve should try to avoid subjective judgments.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：topic:名词，主题；例句：Ne discussed various topics at the meeting.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词： discipline:名词，学科；例句：Mathematics is a difficult discipline.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：subject to:取决于；视…而定；适用于描述某件事情受其他条件限制的场景，语法上to后接限制条件；例 句：The plan is subject to the manager's approval..(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be subject to:易遭受；倾向于； 适用于描述人或事物容易受到某种影响的场景，语法上be动词后接subject to;例句：This area is subject to floods (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语3：subject sb/sth to sth:使某人/煤物经历、遭受；适用于描述某人或某物被迫接受某 种不愉快的事情的场景，语法上to后接经历、遭受的事情；例句：The prisoners were subjected to cruel treatment. (来源：牛津高阶词典)短语4：on the subject of:关于；涉及；适用于引出某个话题的场景，语法上on后接话题内 容；例句：On the subject of money,,Idon't have much.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数形式；原题：There are many. (subject))in middle school..(答案subjects)考法2：考察固定 搭配be subject to:原题：All bookings are _our temms and conditions.(答案：subject to) (来源：教材) math 词义与词性 ■(n)(n.):数学 'm not very good at math.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：mathematical;例句：He has a mathematical mind.(来源：柯林斯词典)：副词：mathematically;例句：The problem can be solved mathematically..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：mathematics:名词，数学；例句：Mathematics is an important subject..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；同义词： maths:名词，数学；例句：I like maths best.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：math problem:数学问题；适用于描述与数学相关的题目场景，语法上直接修饰problem;例句：Ican solve this math problem.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：math class:数学课；适用于描述课程安排的场景，语法 上直接修饰class;例句：I have a math class this afternoon.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：math teacher:数学老 师；适用于介绍人物职业的场景，语法上直接修饰teacher;:例句：Our math teacher is very kind.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作为名词，考察其在句子中的使用：原题：My favorite subject is_ _(math).(答案：math) (来源：教材) music 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):音乐；乐曲 1 ike all kinds of music.(来源：牛津高阶词典) [词性转换 ■形容词：musical;例句：She has a musical talent..(来源：柯林斯词典)；名词：musician;例句：His dream is to become a famous musician.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：melody:名词，旋律；例句：The melody of this song is very beautiful..(来源：柯林斯词典)；-近义词： tune:名词，曲调；例句：He hummed a little tune.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：pop music:流行音乐；适用于描述音乐类型的场景，语法上直接使用；例句：Many young people like pop music.(来源：牛津高阶词典)：短语2：classical music:古典音乐；适用于描述音乐类型的场景，语法上直接使用； 例句：My father often listens to classical music.(来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：make music:创作音乐；适用于描 述音乐创作的场景，语法上make后接music;例句：They are making music in the studio.(来源：牛津高阶词典)； 短语4：listen to music:听音乐；适用于描述听音乐这个行为的场景，语法上listen to后接music;例句：Ilike to listen to music when'm free.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词的基本用法：原题：/love listening to」 (music).(答案：music) (来源：教材) geography [词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):地理；地理学 1'm studying geography at college.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):地形；地貌；地势 The geography of the area made it difficult to build a road.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：geographical;:地理的，地理学的；例句：The geographical location of the city is very important.(来源：牛津 高阶词典)副词：geographically;在地理上；例句：Geographically,this country is located in the northern hemisphere. (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：geographics:名词，地理学；例句：The geographics of this region is quite unique..(来源：韦氏大词典)近 义词：landscape:名词，地形；例句：The landscape of this area is beautiful.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：physical geography:自然地理学；适用于学术研究场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Physical geography focuses on the natural features of the Earth.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：human geography:人文地理学；适 用于学术研究场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Human geography studies the relationship between humans and the environment.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：geography book:地理书；适用于描述书籍类型的场景，语法上book为 可数名词；例句：I have a lot of geography books..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词形式：原题：1ke (geography)because it's very interesting..(答案：geography) (来源：教材) because 词义与词性 ■(conj.)(conj):因为：用于引导原因状语从句 1 did it because they asked me to do元.（来源：牛津高阶词典） 词性转换 ■because没有常见的词性转换形式 同近义词 ■-同义词：since:连词，因为；例句：Since you're not interested,I won't tell you about it..(来源：牛津高阶词典)-同 义词：as:连词，因为；例句：As it was getting late,I decided to go home.(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：for:连 词，因为；例句：e listened eagerly,for he brought news of our families.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：because of:因为，由于；适用于描述原因的场景，语法上of后接名词、代词或动名词；例句：He was absent because of illness.(来源：牛津高阶词典)； 典型考法 考法1：考察because引导原因状语从句的用法；原题：（某地模拟题）He was late for school_ he missed the bus.(答 案：because) (来源：教材) why [词义与词性 ■(adv.)(adw.):为什么，用于询问原因或理由 Why did you leave so early?(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(int.)(int.):哎呀，嗨，用于表示惊讶、不耐烦等语气 Whyt's nearl少y nine o'clock.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■无 同近义词 ■近义词：herefore:副词，为什么；例句：Tell me wherefore you did that.(来源：韦氏大词典)近义词：how come: 短语，为什么；例句：How come you're so late?(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：why not::为什么不；用于提出建议，语法上后接动词原形；例句：Nhy not go for a walk?(来源：牛津高阶 词典)短语2：the reason why..:…的原因；适用于解释事情原因的场景，语法上why引导定语从句修饰先行词 reason;例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：引导特殊疑问句，询问原因：原题：一 _do you like pandas?Because they are very cute..(答案：Why) (来源：教材) history 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):历史；历史学 She'sstudying history at university.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n)(n.):(有关某个地方、主题等的)发展史，历史 The history of the town dates back to the Middle Ages.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):个人经历；履历 His criminal history is we∥-known.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：historical;历史的；有关历史的；例句：Ne visited many historical buildings in the city.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)形容词：historic;有历史意义的；著名的；例句：This is a historic occasion..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：chronicle:名词，编年史；例句：The chronicle records the events ofthe kingdom.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义 词：annals:名词，编年史；年鉴；例句：The annals ofthe school describe its long-standing traditions..(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：in history:在历史上；适用于描述某个事件或情况在历史进程中的位置，语法上in history通常作状语； 例句：This is one of the most important events in history.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：history of:…的历史； 适用于介绍某个事物的发展历程，语法上of后接被描述历史的事物；例句：The history of art is very fascinat-. ing.(来源：柯林斯词典)短语3：make history:创造历史；适用于描述某人或某事具有重大意义，改变了历史 进程，语法上make history作谓语；例句：The athlete made history by breaking the world record.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词单复数变化：原题：There are many interesting_ _(history)stories in this book.(答案：historical)考法 2:作名词，考察其在固定短语中的用法：原题：We are learning about world (history)this term.(答案：history） (来源：教材) useful [词义与词性 ■(adj)(adj):有用的；有益的；实用的 This book is very useful for students.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■名词：usefulness;例句：The usefulness of this tool is obvious.(来源：柯林斯词典)副词：usefully;例句：He spent his tim㎡e usefully..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：helpful::形容词，有帮助的；例句：Your advice was very helpful.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：practical: 形容词，实用的；例句：This is a practical solution.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：be useful for:对…有用；适用于描述事物对人或事有帮助的场景，语法上for后接对象；例句：This dictionary is useful for English learners.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：be useful to:对…有用；适用于描述事物 对人有帮助的场景，语法上to后接人；例句：This information is useful to us..(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其副词形式：原题：He did the work .(useful).(答案：usefully) (来源：教材) free 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj):自由的；不受限制的 You are free to go wherever you like.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(adj.)(adj):空闲的；有空的 'm free this afternoon.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) ■(adj)(adj.):免费的 Children under1.2 meters can trave/free.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■()(v.):释放；使自由 They freed the birds from the cage.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■副词：freely;自由地；无拘无束地；例句：You can speak freely in front of me.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)名词： freedom;自由；例句：Ne all love freedom.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：liberated:形容词，自由的；例句：She felt liberated after leaving that job.(来源：柯林斯词典)近义词： available:形容词，有空的；例句：'m available next week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)近义词：complimentary::形容 词，免费的；例句：Complimentary tickets are available for students.(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：free from:摆脱；不受…影响；适用于描述摆脱某种不好的状态，语法上from后接摆脱的对象；例句：This area is free from pollution.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：for free:免费地；适用于描述获取物品或服务无需付费的场 景；例句：You can get this book for free.(来源：朗文当代英语词典)短语3：be free to do sth.:可以自由地做某事；适用 于表达某人有做某事的自由，语法上to后接动词原形；例句：You are free to make your own decision.(来源：柯林斯词 典)短语4：setfree:释放；适用于描述释放人或动物的场景；例句：The prisoners were set free.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其搭配be free to do sth.:原题：You are free)to choose your own clothes..(答案：free)考 法2：考察形容词词义“免费的”；原题：The drinks here are」 (fee).(答案：fee)考法3：作动词，考察其过去式和 过去分词形式；原题：They(free)the hostages last night..(答案：freed) (来源：教材) cool 词义与词性 ■(adj,)(adj.):凉爽的；凉快的 t's cool in autumn.(来源：外研社《英语》教材) ■(adj)(adj.):冷静的；沉着的 Keep cool when you are in danger.(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典) ■(adj.)(adj.):时髦的；酷的 He always wears cool clothes.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(.)(v.):(使)变凉；冷却 Let the soup cool a little before you eat it.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ■形容词比较级：cooler;例句：It's cooler today than yesterday.（来源：外研社《英语》教材)形容词最高级：coolest; 例句：This is the coolest place in summer..(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典)动词现在分词：cooling;例句：The cooling water is used to reduce the temperature.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：cooled;例句：She cooled the hot coffee.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ■-同义词：chilly(ad.):寒冷的；有凉意的；例句：t's a bit chilly outside.(来源：牛津高阶词典)-近义词：fashionable (ad.):时髦的；流行的；例句：This kind of dress is very fashionable now..(来源：柯林斯词典)-近义词：calm (ad.):冷静的；沉着的；例句：You should keep calm in face of danger..(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：keep cools:保持冷静；适用于遇到困难、危险等需要冷静应对的场景，语法上keep后接形容词；例句： Keep cool when you are in trouble.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：cool down:冷却；平静下来；适用于物体降温或 人情绪平复的场景，语法上可作及物或不及物；例句：Let the tea cool down.(来源：朗文当代高级英语辞典)短语 3:as cool as a cucumber:泰然自若；极为冷静；适用于描述人在压力下的状态，语法上作表语；例句：He was as cool as a cucumber during the exam.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式；原题：It's getting_ (cool)as autumn comes.(答案：cooler)考法2：考察固定 搭配keep cool:原题：You must_ .when you meet difficulties..(答案：keep cool). (来源：教材) lesson 词义与词性 ■(n.)(n.):一节课；一课时 We have four lessons in the morning.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■(n.)(n.):课程 She gives piano lessons.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n.)(n.):教训；经验 You should1 earn your lesson.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：lessonless(无教训的；无经验的)；例句：He lived a lessonless life.(来源：韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ■近义词：class:名词，课；例句：We have a math class this afternoon.(来源：牛津高阶词典)；近义词：course:名 词，课程；例句：I'm taking a French course.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：have a lesson:上课；适用于描述上课的场景，语法上lesson可用复数；例句：Ne have lessons from Monday to Friday..(来源：牛津高阶词典)；短语2：give a lesson:授课；适用于教师教学的场景，语法上lesson可用复数； 例句：The teacher gives lessons in the classroom.（来源：柯林斯词典)；短语3：learn one's lesson:吸取教训；适 用于描述从失败或错误中获得经验的场景；例句：You should learn your lesson from this mistake.(来源：牛津高阶 词典)；短语4：teach sb.a lesson:给某人一个教训；适用于描述惩罚某人让其认识错误的场景；例句：The bad boy needs someone to teach him a lesson.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 考法1：考察名词复数形式；原题：We have many (esson)every day.(答案：lessons):考法2：考察固定搭配have a1 esson;原题：1 usually (have a lesson)at8.00.(答案：have a lesson) (来源：教材) finish 词义与词性 ■(.)(v.):完成；结束 I finished my homework an hour ago..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ■()(V.):吃光；喝完；用完 He finished the whole cake.(来源：柯林斯词典) ■(n)(n.):最后部分；结尾；结局 The finish of the race was very exciting..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ■形容词：finished(完成的；结束的)；例句：The work is finished.(来源：柯林斯词典)现在分词：finishing(规则变 化，直接加-ing);例句：He is finishing his article.(来源：牛津高阶词典)过去式和过去分词：finished(规则变化， 直接加-ed);例句：She finished her studies last year..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ■同义词：complete(v.):完成；词性为动词，意为完成；例句：He completed the project on time.(来源：牛津高阶词 典)近义词：end(v.):结束；词性为动词，意为结束；例句：The meeting ended at5o'clock.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ■短语1：finish doing sth.:完成做某事；适用于描述完成某项具体活动的场景，语法上doing为动名词形式；例句：I finished reading the book last week.(来源：牛津高阶词典)短语2：finish with:完成；结束；与…断绝关系；适用 于完成某项任务或结束关系的场景；例句：'ve finished with this book,you can have it..（来源：柯林斯词典)短语3： finish off::完成；吃光；干掉；适用于完成剩余部分或消灭某物的场景；例句：Finish off your vegetables.(来源：牛 津高阶词典)短语4：in finish:最后；适用于总结陈述的场景；例句：In finish,'d like to thank everyone for coming. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 考法1：作动词，考察finish doing sth.固定搭配：原题：I can't wait_ _(finish)my homework so that I can play games. 案：to finish,这里是can't wait to do搭配，finish考察的是其搭配用法)考法2：考察动词的过去式形式；原题：He (finish)his work yesterday.(答案：finished) (来源：教材)