专题02 语法填空 （期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期北师大版

专题02 语法填空（期中复习讲义） 语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。考查以实词为主，虚词为辅；谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点，并列句和复合句也是高考热点；介词考查相对比较频繁。名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等。 无提示词设空通常3-4空，考查“虚词”及句子结构。无需对单词变形，需结合句子成分、固定搭配和语境逻辑判断，重点考查“句子骨架搭建能力”。包括： 1. 冠词（a/an/the）：主要考查泛指、特指及零冠词的用法。 ①泛指单数可数名词时，根据单词开头音素选a（辅音音素开头，如a book）或an（元音音素开头，如an hour）； ②特指上文提及、双方共知或独一无二的事物（如the sun、the girl I met）时用the； ③抽象名词（如happiness）、复数名词表泛指（如books）或固定搭配（如at home、go to school）中用零冠词。 （1）In the United States, ______ number of schools are establishing outdoor classrooms and making use of other empty spaces, like museums. 2.介词：核心考查固定搭配和语境逻辑。 ①“动词/名词/形容词+介词”的固定组合，如depend on、interest in、different from； ②介词与时间（如in 2024、on Monday、at 3 pm）、地点（如in the room、on the table）、方式（如by bus、with a pen）、逻辑关系（如because of、instead of）的用法，需结合上下文判断介词的语义功能。 （1）O’Rourke pulled off the heroic actions at a small shop in Sanford, Florida, ________ the morning of his wedding day. （2）We are not separate ________ other species,” Goodall adds. We must recognize that every individual nonhuman animal is a ‘who,' not a ‘what.' 3. 连词： ①根据逻辑关系选择：顺承用and，选择用or，转折用but，因果用so/for（for表补充原因） ②从句： (i)状语从句需结合语境选表时间（when/while/as）、条件（if/unless）、让步（though/although）、原因（because/since）的连词； (ii)名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）需判断连接词是否作成分——不作成分用that（陈述句）、if/whether（一般疑问句），作成分（主/宾/表/定语）用what/who/which/why等； (iii)定语从句需区分关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose，在从句中作主/宾/定语）和关系副词（when/where/why，在从句中作状语）。 （1）O’Rourke got a bystander to call 911 so that he could report ________ had happened here. （2）He later joined his bride, Virginia, in saying their vows (誓词) in front of friends from the Florida Highway Patrol, __________ said he had a habit of being “at the right place at the right (or wrong) time.” （3）“As for schooling, we seem to be stuck in this closed mindset where it is either in schools ______ it is not going to happen, ” Allen said. 4. 代词：考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词及it的特殊用法。 ①人称代词需根据语境判断主格（I/you/he）、宾格（me/you/him）； ②物主代词区分形容词性（my/your/his，后接名词）和名词性（mine/yours/his，不接名词）； ③反身代词（myself/yourself/themselves）需结合“主语与宾语一致”的语境（如enjoy oneself、teach oneself）；不定代词（some/any、each/every、something/nothing）需根据肯定/否定语境、单复数搭配选择； ④it可作形式主语（It is important to study）、形式宾语（I find it easy to learn）或指代时间/天气/距离（It is sunny today）。 （1）“With the progress of the manned space flight mission, the Tiangong Class will specifically introduce a series of classes focusing on the construction of the Chinese space station and ________ (it) in-orbit operation,” the CMSA said. 二、有提示词设空 有提示词通常6-7空，考查“实词”变形。需根据句子成分、语法规则对提示词进行变形，核心考查“词形转换+语境适配”，包括： 1. 动词变形：涵盖时态、语态、非谓语动词三大方向。 时态需结合上下文时间标志（如yesterday/last year用一般过去时，now用现在进行时，already/yet用现在完成时，tomorrow用一般将来时）或语境逻辑判断； 语态需先判断主语与动词的关系——主动关系用主动语态，被动关系（主语是动作承受者）用“be+过去分词”，且需匹配相应时态（如一般现在时被动is done，一般过去时被动was done）； 非谓语动词需根据句子成分选择：作主语/宾语用动名词（doing）或不定式（to do），作定语/状语用现在分词（doing，表主动/进行）、过去分词（done，表被动/完成）或不定式（to do，表目的/将来），且需注意固定搭配（如enjoy doing、want to do、be used to doing）。 （1）Not only did the Indiana University Police Department officer get married that day, he also ________ (save) a little girl’s life. （2）While ________ (stand) in line to buy some breakfast, he saw a crowd standing around and looking on an unconscious 3-year-old lying on the floor. （3）With the youngster in the care of the medical professionals, shop staff gave O’Rourke a free box of sandwiches ________ (express) their thanks for his actions. （4）“Crew members aboard China’s Tiangong space station will live stream their public lecture on science and space in the near future. It is the second time that the Shenzhou-13 astronauts ________ (deliver) the public lecture to students.” （5）Megan Kohlman teaches literature and writing inside one of the rooms, with only a thin piece of plastic ______ (separate) her class from a math teacher’s space. 2. 名词变形：主要考查单复数和词形转换。 单复数需根据语境中的数量提示（如many、some、two、these后接复数，a/an、one后接单数）或语义逻辑判断，特殊复数形式（如child→children、leaf→leaves）需重点记忆； 词形转换针对动词或形容词变名词，如动词achieve→achievement、形容词different→difference，需掌握常见后缀（-ment/-tion/-sion/-ence/-ance等）。 （1）On Dec 9, 2021, the first lecture in the “Tiangong Class” was given (give) by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts to a total of 1,420 students from five classrooms across China via live video streaming, which is designed to encourage young people to develop their interest in manned space flight and ________ (explore). （2）In normal times, ______ (marry) take place at a large convention center in Hesston, Kansas. Businesses hold training programs for workers at the convention center. But the building has been used as a schoolhouse for middle school students during the last months. 3. 形容词与副词变形：核心考查“词性适配”和比较等级。 词性适配需根据句子成分判断：修饰名词（作定语）或作表语用形容词（如a beautiful girl、He is happy），修饰动词/形容词/句子（作状语）用副词（如run quickly、very beautiful、Luckily, he passed）； 比较等级需结合语境中的比较标志（than用比较级，the+最高级+of/in表范围），常见变形规则（如quick→quicker→quickest、beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful）及不规则变化（如good→better→best、bad→worse→worst）需熟练掌握。 （1）“With the progress of the manned space flight mission, the Tiangong Class will ________ (specific) introduce a series of classes focusing on the construction of the Chinese space station and its in-orbit operation,” the CMSA said. （2）“Everyone just ______ ( honest) believes in the power of having kids with us as much as we can, ” Kohlman said. 4. 词形转换（其他类型） 包括形容词变名词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等。如形容词important→名词importance（-ce后缀）、动词interest→形容词interesting/interested（-ing表“令人……的”，-ed表“感到……的”）、名词sun→形容词sunny（-y后缀）、动词pollute→名词pollution（-tion后缀），需结合词根和常见后缀的语义功能，同时注意拼写规则（如以y结尾的形容词变名词去y改i加-ence，如happy→happiness）。 5. 词性转换及固定搭配 部分提示词需根据固定搭配调整词性，如提示词“care”，结合“take care of”（名词）或“be careful”（形容词）、“carefully”（副词）的搭配，需根据空格前后的词（如take后接名词，be后接形容词，修饰动词用副词）判断变形方向； 此外，一些固定短语中的词性固定，如“make a decision”（decide→decision，名词）、“be different from”（difference→different，形容词），要通过积累掌握固定搭配。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） Passage 1 （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Graham Lawrence is a science writer. He wasn’t very good at most school subjects before he met Mr Jenkins, who 1 (hear) stories about his bad behavior. When he was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class, he really became interested 2 science. Mr Jenkins made everything interesting, as he used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical 3 (example) and in simple language. Besides, Mr Jenkins encouraged Lawrence to give a presentation on the stars and planets to the class. And now, 4 (explain) science to the audience is Lawrence’s job. （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Does having a lot of money mean being successful? I think Jason Harley, a professor and an ex-millionaire, can be called a 5 (success) person. Many people think he must be mad by giving away money to homeless people and living in a small dorm with second-hand furniture. 6 to him, no one has lived a better life than he has after he decided to turn his back on his fortune. He said that with all his fortune, he felt guilty when he saw there were people who earned so little and could barely support themselves. In my mind, he’s one of the few people who really understand 7 real success is in life. （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Sugar’s change made me think about balancing personal goals with kindness towards others. In Hong Kong, 8 I live, there are many people who try to succeed without taking those who are less fortunate into consideration. Sugar’s choice 9 (use) his skills to help others rather than just for himself, reminds me that success 10 (measure) by not only what we achieve, but also how we help society. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 First 1 (create) by Sterling Morton in 1872, Tree Planting Day was set 2 (inspire) people’s passions for planting and protecting trees, and to protect and improve the natural environment 3 people depend on for their living. In February, 1979, the 5th National People’s Congress of People’s Republic of China made a resolution that March 12h would be taken as Chinese Tree Planting Day. Since then, about 50 billion trees 4 (plant) all over China. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Imprinting is a form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience with and then follows that object. Over the last few months, panda caretakers in China have dressed up like the animal to make back-to-nature training more authentic for the cubs. The keepers wear panda costumes when 5 (deal) with the animals to try to make the pandas feel at home and to limit their interactions 6   humans. They hope the dress-up will make the animals’ transition to the wild 7 (easy) than before in the long run. （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Papermaking technology 8 (introduce) to Central Asia in the 8th century and arrived in Europe around the 12th century. “It changed the historical process of Europe because papermaking technology made knowledge spreading possible at 9 (reduce) costs and broke the monopoly of knowledge by nobles and clerks.” says professor Xi Huidong. He points out that movable type printing was also a revolutionary invention, “The combination of those two things was 10 really moved us into the early modern world.” Passage 3 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time 1 (complain) that she needed to charge her phone. When it was charged, she just kept reading about her favorite popstar for hours; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. 2 is really worrying is that no one I know, including 3 (I), could go cold turkey. I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week — think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What can you do with your unwanted T-shirts? From plain to graphics, and mini skirts to dresses, there are plenty of 4 (opportunity) for you to upcycle (升级改造) old T-shirts into new clothes. It’s extremely rewarding 5 (bring) new life to old clothes. Simple changes and classic reconstructions go a long way. As a result, you are able to turn an old T-shirt 6 a brand new stylish look for you to wear. （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last year, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed hotel only to realize that I 7 (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an 8 (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up. ” Two minutes later, I opened my door, discovering an object resembling a trash can on wheels, 9 (equip) with a lid (盖子), a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, 10 later responded, “Wow, so cool! ” Passage 4 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo discovered that because of the far location of most paper workshops and lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen, their products were unable to reach the market 1 (easy). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up 2 the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect far workshops with buyers to advance 3 (tradition) Chinese hand-made paper. （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 High school students and those who help in their education in Cyprus 4 (develop) an unusual robot so far. The robot uses ChatGPT artificial intelligence, or AI technology. ChatGPT is an AI system that can have a 5 (discuss) and create written works. It can create material based on 6 it has learned from a large database of digital books, online writings, and other media. The robot is named Alnstein. It is the size of a small adult. The robot even has a screen for a face that appears to show human facial expressions. （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 7 (see) from outer space, Earth is a blue planet, due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70% of its surface. According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 8 (slow) down global warming. As the New York Times reported, it is an important buffer (缓冲物). The ocean can absorb 93% of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases 9 human release into the atmosphere. And the other 7% 10 (absorbed) by the air, land and ice caps, according to an analysis. Passage 5 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In a sports center 1 (locate) at the heart of the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, a burst of shouts come out from trainees 2 (practice) Chinese martial arts. The trainees, aged from 7 to 65, practice the Chinese martial arts, kung fu and kickboxing at the Dave Dan Wushu and Kickboxing Training Center. “Martial arts are not to harm other people but to teach respect, humanity, sincerity, self-defense, and search for inner peace,” said master Dawit Terefe 3 works as a coach in the training center. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白从仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Chinas achievements in space have snowballed in the last years. In June 2020, the final Beidou satellite was 4 (successful) launched, 5 (provide) a network of satellites for global navigation akin to (相类似的) the US-owned GPS and Europe’s Galileo networks. The network is set 6 (bring) greater coverage to the surrounding Asia region, which makes up roughly 50 percent of the world’s population, potentially 7 (benefit) billions of people. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白从仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Creativity is 8 ( be) able to see what everybody else has seen and think what nobody else has thought so that you can do what nobody else has done. Sometimes creative thinking 9 ( lie) along the lines of invention, where you break new ground. Other times it moves along the lines of innovation, which helps you to do old things 10 a new way. Passage 6 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time 1 (dream) up ways of getting rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for 2 they achieve their goals? Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires — they worked hard to become 3 (wealth), but then they need to continue making money so they don’t lose the sense of success. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During the National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain scenic area in Yunnan province welcomed over 50,000 tourists, a 15 percent increase 4 (compare) to the same period last year. One visitor surnamed Long, 5 drove from Chongqing to witness the sea of clouds and sunrise, said the experience was breathtaking. However, she noted 6 (challenge), including thick fog and poor visibility while driving through the mountains. The growing popularity of tourism 7 (cause) safety concerns among local authorities as well as residents, and they warn visitors of the possible dangers. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they 8 (learn) enough English to organize such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they 9 (proud) handed me a gift box. After the box was opened, I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted 10 perfect English. Passage 7 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Do you have a mentor (导师) helping you make decisions in your life? If you do, then you are a very lucky person. But if not, then read Tuesdays with Morrie. The book 1 (tell) the true story of the author, Mitch Albom, and his dying former professor. 2 you read this book you will learn some very meaningful lessons from a professors dying from a disease. When Mitch visits Morries every Tuesday, the 78-year-old professors shares words of wisdom about love, life, values, and forgiveness with his students. Delivering many 3 (power) lessons about life, this book should be high on everyone’s reading list. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was a little boy, I was convinced I wasn’t “smart”. However, Ms. Jambard totally changed me. Ms. Jambard, 4 taught me in the fifth grade, took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand 5 you’re reading, you’ll be 6 (smart) than most kids.” I did as she told me to. Soon I couldn’t find enough to read, and I started to truly like school. Because of Ms. Jambard’s confidence in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering and law. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What is culture shock? When he first visited the US, Mr. Li was surprised on a bus. He offered his seat to an elderly man, but the man seemed annoyed and refused 7 (take) the seat. Later Mr. Li’s American friends explained to him that in the US it is not advisable, and even offensive, to offer your seat to elderly people. This is very different from China, where people 8 (encourage) to do so. From the example we can see that culture shock is the feeling of confusion and anxiety when you come across situations where the cultural norms (标准) in your culture no longer apply. Passage 8 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 People from southern China normally buy 1 they need for just one or two meals at a time. It is normal for them to buy just half a Chinese cabbage, two 2 (potato) and 25 grams of beef at a time. However, a person may be laughed at if they do this in the north. The difference could be because of the different climates. Food can 3 (keep) for a long time in the north, as it is usually cold and dry there. But southern Chinese people prefer to buy just enough food for one meal or one day due to the hot and wet weather in the south. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The last time Yunnan caught our national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and were guided by some experts to return to their original habitat safely without 4 (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly found in Yunnan, are under the 5 (high) level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan 6 (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves for these mammals. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a new hotel only to realize that I 7 (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an energetic voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up.” Two minutes later, I 8 (open) my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, equipped with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, 9 (reveal) a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I took a photo, sending it to a friend, 10 later responded, “Wow, so cool!” Passage 9 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 Bill is legally blind, which means he can’t drive. So 1 (get) to his job as a doorkeeper on the overnight shift at a Walmart, he walks 5 miles each way. All that 2 (change) a couple of years ago when Christy Conrad saw him walking and gave him a lift. After hearing his story, she offered to drive him to and from work whenever she could. For those days she couldn’t drive him, she started a Facebook group 3 (call) Mr. Bill’s Village, 4 about 1,500 people have signed up to help him. “There’s a lot of good people in this world, all over the place, you know,” Bill said. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 This year 5 (mark) the 50th anniversary of the Rubik’s Cube. More than 450 million cubes 6 (sell) since its invention in 1974, making it one of the bestselling toys in history. For some, simply 7 (solve) the Rubik’s Cube isn’t enough. “Speedcubers” race to solve it as quickly as possible. More than 200,000 people have participated in competitions. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 It’s difficult to be happy if we never succeed at anything we attempt to accomplish. This leads to a lack of confidence and the feeling that we’re worthless, which can keep you 8 gaining happiness and fulfillment. However, it’s not everything. If you can separate success and see it clearly for what it is, it becomes 9 (easy) to define. And when it becomes easy to define, it is possible for you to find a way to achieve it. This is 10 your success depends on how you define it. Passage 10 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1 (live) in the UK for 15 years, Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008. He set up a state-of-the-art lab, sometimes 2 (pay) for equipment with his own money. He contributed to the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2. In 2016, he fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. 3 (trap) in his hospital bed, he still continued his work. He died in January in 2017. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During my time in and above the Arizona desert, I learned not only about the mechanics and techniques of aviation, but also about myself and how I see the world. As I floated in that seemingly endless sea of air, I became aware of the 4 (various) and complexity of the humanity below. On the ribbons of roadways, each tiny car carried people with hopes and dreams. I wondered 5 any of those people had ever wished to fly like an eagle. Then I realized that each must have his or her own dreams and ambitions. That’s 6 makes us unique. We try to respond to something special inside us. I also realized that I was especially fortunate to be making my own dream come true. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the past five years, China 7 (construct) the world’s largest high-speed rail network, including four rail lines north to south and four lines east to west. The network is spread over 22,000 kilometers, 8 is about 60 percent of the world’s total. Approved by the State Council, a new network, expanded to eight lines for both north to south and east to west, 9 (build) to cover most central and western regions of China. In the near future, when it 10 (complete), the national high-speed railway mileage will reach 45,000 km, double of the present, making more than 200,000 people in the city enjoy the convenience of high-speed trains. Passage 11 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, 1 large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children`s toys. These 2 (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which 3 (set) among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 At the age of ten, Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident. Despite this, he wanted to live life to the full. He learned 4 (use) his feet for everyday activities. He also 5 (start) swimming and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities. When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano 6 his toes. It was difficult, 7 he kept practicing until he had achieved his goal. In 2010, he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 In most countries, 8 (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be 9 (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and 10 (excite) ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a sense of social responsibilities than before. Passage 12 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Extinctions, where entire species 1 (wipe) out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2 (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 3 (know) as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an 4 (extreme) dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on 5 humans do to stop climate change. Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse gases — like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) — in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations to protect people 6 risk. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The railway line 7 (connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is the world’s first intelligent, high-speed railway. It 8 (go) into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with 9 area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs and a mobile news center 10 passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts. Passage 13 （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 People have always been scared of sharks, but the film Jaws made things 1 (good). It made people 2 (frighten) of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, 3 (kill) as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed. （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50, she found herself out of work and 4 (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. She could listen to music, watch films, play games, and explore the world. She also joined an online group 5 she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest 6 (benefit) of the Internet was its ability 7 (remove) the distance that usually exists between people. （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company 8 (try) to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem 9 the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on 10 to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himeself and explaining his idea. Passage 14 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I know that I wasn’t a willing student, 1 I wasn’t slow to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. Mr. Jenkins made me feel that I had my own 2 (strong). I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. That was really the first time I 3 (try) to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! Often when I’m preparing a programme, I think about 4 Mr. Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Finally, my last tip is: keep trying. Luckily for Harry Potter fans, the author J.K. Rowling didn’t listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers 5 rejected her books. For two years, she tried to get them 6 (publish). Even the publisher who gave her a contract said she had no chance of making money in children’s books. He was wrong and for the last ten years, J.K. Rowling 7 (be) the author of the most famous children’s books in the world. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’m barely the only person who feels this way. According to research, over two-thirds of young people find it easier 8 (make) friends online than it is “in real life”. I’m way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I’m wired up every day, like most of my friends. On the surface, I have an active social life. I attend parties and play sports but I’m always distracted. They say that phones bring people 9 (close) together but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away. I obsess 10 exactly how many followers I have on my account, but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates. Passage 15 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 As the human population expands, it’s getting harder for other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Animals around the world choose to be nocturnal (夜间活动的). But scientists suspect 1 (become) nocturnal may hurt those species adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, 2 would ultimately hurt their chances of survival and reproduction. It was found that in California’s Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes (丛林狼) had been more nocturnal in response to hikers and had started to alter their diet 3 daytime prey to nocturnal prey. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Huang Danian, the renowned Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi, China. As a keen and able student, Huang went to the UK in 1992 4 (further) his studies. By the time Huang moved back to China in 2009, he 5 (work) in the UK for 17 years. He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return home, 6 (drive) by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the world’s leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was approached to participate in the Thousand Talent programme. He took up a position at Jilin University, Changchun. （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Many endangered species 7 (threaten) with becoming extinct. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive species. Humans can have 8 (disaster) effects on food chains. When people first 9 (explore) the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they settled in. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. With rising awareness of 10 humans affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. 链接高考（测试时间：8分钟） 2023北京高考 A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空（期中复习讲义） 语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。考查以实词为主，虚词为辅；谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点，并列句和复合句也是高考热点；介词考查相对比较频繁。名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等。 无提示词设空通常3-4空，考查“虚词”及句子结构。无需对单词变形，需结合句子成分、固定搭配和语境逻辑判断，重点考查“句子骨架搭建能力”。包括： 1. 冠词（a/an/the）：主要考查泛指、特指及零冠词的用法。 ①泛指单数可数名词时，根据单词开头音素选a（辅音音素开头，如a book）或an（元音音素开头，如an hour）； ②特指上文提及、双方共知或独一无二的事物（如the sun、the girl I met）时用the； ③抽象名词（如happiness）、复数名词表泛指（如books）或固定搭配（如at home、go to school）中用零冠词。 （1）In the United States, ______ number of schools are establishing outdoor classrooms and making use of other empty spaces, like museums. 考查冠词。句意：在美国，许多学校正在建立室外教室，并利用博物馆等其它空地。由句子分析可知，这里考查a number of 表“很多”，为固定搭配。故填a。 2.介词：核心考查固定搭配和语境逻辑。 ①“动词/名词/形容词+介词”的固定组合，如depend on、interest in、different from； ②介词与时间（如in 2024、on Monday、at 3 pm）、地点（如in the room、on the table）、方式（如by bus、with a pen）、逻辑关系（如because of、instead of）的用法，需结合上下文判断介词的语义功能。 （1）O’Rourke pulled off the heroic actions at a small shop in Sanford, Florida, ________ the morning of his wedding day. 考查介词。句意：婚礼当天早上，奥洛克在佛罗里达州桑福德的一家小商店里完成了这一壮举。表示在具体的某一天的早上、下午或者晚上，需要使用介词on。故填on。 （2）We are not separate ________ other species,” Goodall adds. We must recognize that every individual nonhuman animal is a ‘who,' not a ‘what.' 考查介词。句意：我们和其他物种没有区别。be not separate from表示“与...有区别”，是固定搭配，故填from。 3. 连词： ①根据逻辑关系选择：顺承用and，选择用or，转折用but，因果用so/for（for表补充原因） ②从句： (i)状语从句需结合语境选表时间（when/while/as）、条件（if/unless）、让步（though/although）、原因（because/since）的连词； (ii)名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）需判断连接词是否作成分——不作成分用that（陈述句）、if/whether（一般疑问句），作成分（主/宾/表/定语）用what/who/which/why等； (iii)定语从句需区分关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose，在从句中作主/宾/定语）和关系副词（when/where/why，在从句中作状语）。 （1）O’Rourke got a bystander to call 911 so that he could report ________ had happened here. 考查宾语从句。句意：奥洛克让一名旁观者拨打了911，这样他就可以报告这里发生了什么。分析句子结构可知，空格及后句为宾语从句；从句中缺少主语，此处表示“发生的事情”。故填what。 （2）He later joined his bride, Virginia, in saying their vows (誓词) in front of friends from the Florida Highway Patrol, __________ said he had a habit of being “at the right place at the right (or wrong) time.” 考查定语从句。句意：后来，他和他的新娘维吉尼亚在佛罗里达高速公路巡警的朋友面前宣誓，他们说他有一个习惯，就是“在正确或错误的时间出现在正确的地方”。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为friends from the Florida Highway Patrol，从句中缺少主语，指人。故填who。 （3）“As for schooling, we seem to be stuck in this closed mindset where it is either in schools ______ it is not going to happen, ” Allen said. 考查连词。句意：艾伦说：“至于学校教育，我们似乎陷入了一种封闭的心态，要么在学校，要么就不会发生。”由句子分析可知，这里考查either...or 表“任何一个或”，为固定搭配。故填or。 4. 代词：考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词及it的特殊用法。 ①人称代词需根据语境判断主格（I/you/he）、宾格（me/you/him）； ②物主代词区分形容词性（my/your/his，后接名词）和名词性（mine/yours/his，不接名词）； ③反身代词（myself/yourself/themselves）需结合“主语与宾语一致”的语境（如enjoy oneself、teach oneself）；不定代词（some/any、each/every、something/nothing）需根据肯定/否定语境、单复数搭配选择； ④it可作形式主语（It is important to study）、形式宾语（I find it easy to learn）或指代时间/天气/距离（It is sunny today）。 （1）“With the progress of the manned space flight mission, the Tiangong Class will specifically introduce a series of classes focusing on the construction of the Chinese space station and ________ (it) in-orbit operation,” the CMSA said. 考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 二、有提示词设空 有提示词通常6-7空，考查“实词”变形。需根据句子成分、语法规则对提示词进行变形，核心考查“词形转换+语境适配”，包括： 1. 动词变形：涵盖时态、语态、非谓语动词三大方向。 时态需结合上下文时间标志（如yesterday/last year用一般过去时，now用现在进行时，already/yet用现在完成时，tomorrow用一般将来时）或语境逻辑判断； 语态需先判断主语与动词的关系——主动关系用主动语态，被动关系（主语是动作承受者）用“be+过去分词”，且需匹配相应时态（如一般现在时被动is done，一般过去时被动was done）； 非谓语动词需根据句子成分选择：作主语/宾语用动名词（doing）或不定式（to do），作定语/状语用现在分词（doing，表主动/进行）、过去分词（done，表被动/完成）或不定式（to do，表目的/将来），且需注意固定搭配（如enjoy doing、want to do、be used to doing）。 （1）Not only did the Indiana University Police Department officer get married that day, he also ________ (save) a little girl’s life. 考查时态。句意：那天，这位印第安纳大学警察局的警官不仅结婚了，还救了一个小女孩的命。not only 与but also连接的并列句，时态一致；根据上一句中时间状语that day可知，这里描述的是结婚那天的事情，发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。故填saved。 （2）While ________ (stand) in line to buy some breakfast, he saw a crowd standing around and looking on an unconscious 3-year-old lying on the floor. 考查省略句。句意：在排队买早餐的时候，他看到一群人围着他，看着一个躺在地上、不省人事的3岁孩子。此处指的是“当他排队买早餐的时候”，while引导的时间状语从句省略了be动词和主语he，动词stand与主语和之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填standing。 （3）With the youngster in the care of the medical professionals, shop staff gave O’Rourke a free box of sandwiches ________ (express) their thanks for his actions. 考查动词不定式。句意：在医护人员的照顾下，店员给了奥洛克一盒免费的三明治，以表达他们对他的行为的感谢。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示的是目的“表达感谢”。故填to express。 （4）“Crew members aboard China’s Tiangong space station will live stream their public lecture on science and space in the near future. It is the second time that the Shenzhou-13 astronauts ________ (deliver) the public lecture to students.” 考查动词。句意：这是神舟十三号宇航员第二次向学生们进行公开演讲。分析句子，设空处应该使用谓语动词。句中it is the second time that+现在完成时，为固定句型，意为“某人第二次做某事”。故填have delivered。 （5）Megan Kohlman teaches literature and writing inside one of the rooms, with only a thin piece of plastic ______ (separate) her class from a math teacher’s space. 考查非谓语。句意：梅根·科尔曼（MeganKohlman）在其中一个房间里教授文学和写作，只有一块薄薄塑料将她的课堂与数学教师的空间隔开。这里考查with复合结构：with + n. + -ed/-ing形式，而 a thin piece of plastic和separate为主动关系。故填separating。 2. 名词变形：主要考查单复数和词形转换。 单复数需根据语境中的数量提示（如many、some、two、these后接复数，a/an、one后接单数）或语义逻辑判断，特殊复数形式（如child→children、leaf→leaves）需重点记忆； 词形转换针对动词或形容词变名词，如动词achieve→achievement、形容词different→difference，需掌握常见后缀（-ment/-tion/-sion/-ence/-ance等）。 （1）On Dec 9, 2021, the first lecture in the “Tiangong Class” was given (give) by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts to a total of 1,420 students from five classrooms across China via live video streaming, which is designed to encourage young people to develop their interest in manned space flight and ________ (explore). 考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词与空前的flight并列作宾语。故填exploration。 （2）In normal times, ______ (marry) take place at a large convention center in Hesston, Kansas. Businesses hold training programs for workers at the convention center. But the building has been used as a schoolhouse for middle school students during the last months. 考查名词复数。句意：平时，婚礼在堪萨斯州赫斯顿的一个大型会议中心举行。由谓语动词“take place”可知，此空应填名词作主语，且应用复数形式。故填marriages。 3. 形容词与副词变形：核心考查“词性适配”和比较等级。 词性适配需根据句子成分判断：修饰名词（作定语）或作表语用形容词（如a beautiful girl、He is happy），修饰动词/形容词/句子（作状语）用副词（如run quickly、very beautiful、Luckily, he passed）； 比较等级需结合语境中的比较标志（than用比较级，the+最高级+of/in表范围），常见变形规则（如quick→quicker→quickest、beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful）及不规则变化（如good→better→best、bad→worse→worst）需熟练掌握。 （1）“With the progress of the manned space flight mission, the Tiangong Class will ________ (specific) introduce a series of classes focusing on the construction of the Chinese space station and its in-orbit operation,” the CMSA said. 考查副词。句意：中国航天局表示：“随着载人航天飞行任务的进展，天宫级将专门介绍一系列专注于中国空间站建设及其在轨运行的级别。”分析句子，设空处应该填写副词状语，修饰动词introduce。故填specifically。 （2）“Everyone just ______ ( honest) believes in the power of having kids with us as much as we can, ” Kohlman said. 考查副词。句意：科尔曼说：“每个人都真诚地尽可能多地相信孩子和我们一起的力量。”。由句子分析可知，此空应填副词修饰后面动词believes。故填honestly。 4. 词形转换（其他类型） 包括形容词变名词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等。如形容词important→名词importance（-ce后缀）、动词interest→形容词interesting/interested（-ing表“令人……的”，-ed表“感到……的”）、名词sun→形容词sunny（-y后缀）、动词pollute→名词pollution（-tion后缀），需结合词根和常见后缀的语义功能，同时注意拼写规则（如以y结尾的形容词变名词去y改i加-ence，如happy→happiness）。 5. 词性转换及固定搭配 部分提示词需根据固定搭配调整词性，如提示词“care”，结合“take care of”（名词）或“be careful”（形容词）、“carefully”（副词）的搭配，需根据空格前后的词（如take后接名词，be后接形容词，修饰动词用副词）判断变形方向； 此外，一些固定短语中的词性固定，如“make a decision”（decide→decision，名词）、“be different from”（difference→different，形容词），要通过积累掌握固定搭配。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） Passage 1 （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Graham Lawrence is a science writer. He wasn’t very good at most school subjects before he met Mr Jenkins, who 1 (hear) stories about his bad behavior. When he was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins’ class, he really became interested 2 science. Mr Jenkins made everything interesting, as he used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical 3 (example) and in simple language. Besides, Mr Jenkins encouraged Lawrence to give a presentation on the stars and planets to the class. And now, 4 (explain) science to the audience is Lawrence’s job. 【答案】1．had heard 2．in 3．examples 4．explaining 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科学作家Graham Lawrence求学期间遇到Mr Jenkins，并受他影响激发了对科学的兴趣的故事。 1．考查时态。句意：在遇到詹金斯老师之前，他在学校的大多数科目都表现不佳，而詹金斯老师此前已听闻过关于他不良行为的传闻。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，“听说他的不良行为”这一动作发生在“遇见 Mr Jenkins”（过去时）之前，属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时“had heard”。故填had heard。 2．考查介词。句意：当他15岁进入詹金斯老师的班级时，真正对科学产生了兴趣。固定短语become interested in表示“对……感兴趣”。故填in。 3．考查名词复数。句意：詹金斯老师总能让一切变得有趣，因为他过去常常用大量实际例子和简单的语言来解释看似困难的事物。example为可数名词，由lots of修饰，应用复数形式。故填examples。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，向观众解释科学是劳伦斯的工作。空处应用动名词作主语。故填explaining。 （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Does having a lot of money mean being successful? I think Jason Harley, a professor and an ex-millionaire, can be called a 5 (success) person. Many people think he must be mad by giving away money to homeless people and living in a small dorm with second-hand furniture. 6 to him, no one has lived a better life than he has after he decided to turn his back on his fortune. He said that with all his fortune, he felt guilty when he saw there were people who earned so little and could barely support themselves. In my mind, he’s one of the few people who really understand 7 real success is in life. 【答案】5．successful 6．But 7．what 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以杰森・哈利教授为例，探讨拥有大量财富是否意味着成功这一问题。 5．考查形容词。句意：我认为杰森·哈雷（Jason Harley）教授和前百万富翁可以被称为成功人士。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词person。故填successful。 6．考查连词。句意：但对他来说，在他决定放弃自己的财富后，没有人比他过得更好。上文提到“许多人认为他疯了”，下文提到“在他决定放弃自己的财富后，没有人比他过得更好”，上下文为转折关系，应用but连接，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填But。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：在我看来，他是少数真正理解生活中什么是真正成功的人之一。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 （24-25高二上·北京延庆·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Sugar’s change made me think about balancing personal goals with kindness towards others. In Hong Kong, 8 I live, there are many people who try to succeed without taking those who are less fortunate into consideration. Sugar’s choice 9 (use) his skills to help others rather than just for himself, reminds me that success 10 (measure) by not only what we achieve, but also how we help society. 【答案】8．where 9．to use 10．is measured 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述Sugar的选择，引发了作者对于平衡个人目标与善待他人的思考，并强调了成功不仅在于个人成就，还在于如何帮助社会。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在我居住的香港，有很多人试图成功，却不考虑那些不那么幸运的人。分析句子结构可知，“________ I live”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Hong Kong”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：Sugar选择用自己的技能去帮助他人，而不仅仅是为了自己，这提醒我，成功不仅在于我们取得了什么成就，还在于我们如何帮助社会。the/one’s choice to do sth.表示“做某事的选择”，为固定搭配，强调具体的行为选择，所以此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice。故填to use。 10．考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：Sugar选择用自己的技能去帮助他人，而不仅仅是为了自己，这提醒我，成功不仅在于我们取得了什么成就，还在于我们如何帮助社会。根据语意可知，measure与success之间是被动关系，即“成功被衡量”，且句子描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。主语success为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填is measured。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 First 1 (create) by Sterling Morton in 1872, Tree Planting Day was set 2 (inspire) people’s passions for planting and protecting trees, and to protect and improve the natural environment 3 people depend on for their living. In February, 1979, the 5th National People’s Congress of People’s Republic of China made a resolution that March 12h would be taken as Chinese Tree Planting Day. Since then, about 50 billion trees 4 (plant) all over China. 【答案】1．created 2．to inspire 3．which/that 4．have been planted 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了植树节的起源、意义以及在中国的发展情况。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：植树节于1872年由斯特林·莫顿（Sterling Morton）首创，旨在激发人们种树和保护树木的热情，保护和改善人们赖以生存的自然环境。句中was set为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处Tree Planting Day与create之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。故填created。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处表示目的是激发人们种树和保护树木的热情，作目的状语用不定式形式，故填to inspire。 3．考查定语从句。句意：植树节于1872年由斯特林·莫顿（Sterling Morton）首创，旨在激发人们种树和保护树木的热情，保护和改善人们赖以生存的自然环境。设空处引导的是定语从句，关系词在从句中作on的宾语，修饰先行词environment，为物用which或者that。故填which/that。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：从那时起，中国各地种植了大约500亿棵树。句中since then为现在完成时的时间标志，同时主语50 billion trees与plant之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been planted。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Imprinting is a form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience with and then follows that object. Over the last few months, panda caretakers in China have dressed up like the animal to make back-to-nature training more authentic for the cubs. The keepers wear panda costumes when 5 (deal) with the animals to try to make the pandas feel at home and to limit their interactions 6   humans. They hope the dress-up will make the animals’ transition to the wild 7 (easy) than before in the long run. 【答案】5．dealing 6．with 7．easier 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文利用工作人员把自己打扮成为“熊猫人”的事例，介绍一种“印随行为”学习模式。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：饲养员在与动物打交道时穿着熊猫服装，试图让大熊猫有宾至如归的感觉，并限制它们与人类的互动。when引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句一致，完整形式为when they are dealing with the animals...，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故填dealing。 6．考查介词。句意：饲养员在与动物打交道时穿着熊猫服装，试图让大熊猫有宾至如归的感觉，并限制它们与人类的互动。固定短语interaction with…意为“与……互动”。故填with。 7．考查形容词。句意：他们希望从长远来看，这种装扮能让动物更容易过渡到野外。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作宾补，根据“than before”可知应使用形容词的比较级。故填easier。 （24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Papermaking technology 8 (introduce) to Central Asia in the 8th century and arrived in Europe around the 12th century. “It changed the historical process of Europe because papermaking technology made knowledge spreading possible at 9 (reduce) costs and broke the monopoly of knowledge by nobles and clerks.” says professor Xi Huidong. He points out that movable type printing was also a revolutionary invention, “The combination of those two things was 10 really moved us into the early modern world.” 【答案】8．was introduced 9．reduced 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了造纸术和活字印刷术对历史的深远影响。 8．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：造纸技术在8世纪传入中亚，大约在12世纪传入欧洲。introduce(介绍)是谓语动词，与主语Papermaking technology之间是被动关系，结合时间状语in the 8th century可知，句子讲述过去的事情，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为单数名词，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填was introduced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它改变了欧洲的历史进程，因为造纸技术使得知识能够以更低的成本传播，打破了贵族和官员对知识的垄断。reduce(减少)作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语costs之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式reduced。故填reduced。 10．考查表语从句。句意：这两件事的结合才是真正把我们带入早期现代世界的原因。“_____ really moved us into the early modern world”是表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“(把我们带入早期现代世界的)事情”，用连接代词what引导该表语从句。故填what。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time 1 (complain) that she needed to charge her phone. When it was charged, she just kept reading about her favorite popstar for hours; not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. 2 is really worrying is that no one I know, including 3 (I), could go cold turkey. I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week — think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! 【答案】1．complaining 2．What 3．myself 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了作者观察到妹妹在家庭度假中沉迷于手机和社交网络，忽视了周围的自然美景，并反思了自己和其他人难以戒掉社交网络的习惯。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：去年夏天，在一次家庭度假中，我妹妹一直在抱怨她需要给手机充电。短语spend time (in) doing意为“花时间做某事”，空处应用complain“抱怨”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填complaining。 2．考查主语从句。句意：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的人，包括我自己在内，没有人能突然戒掉。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填What。 3．考查代词。句意：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的人，包括我自己在内，没有人能突然戒掉。空处作including的宾语，结合“no one I know”可知，此处强调自己也在内，应用反身代词myself表示强调。故填myself。 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What can you do with your unwanted T-shirts? From plain to graphics, and mini skirts to dresses, there are plenty of 4 (opportunity) for you to upcycle (升级改造) old T-shirts into new clothes. It’s extremely rewarding 5 (bring) new life to old clothes. Simple changes and classic reconstructions go a long way. As a result, you are able to turn an old T-shirt 6 a brand new stylish look for you to wear. 【答案】4．opportunities 5．to bring 6．into 【导语】本文属于说明文，介绍了如何将不需要的旧衣服改造成新衣服的方法。 4．考查名词复数。句意：从纯色到图案，从迷你裙到连衣裙，你有很多机会将旧T恤升级改造成新衣服。根据空格前的“plenty of”可知，此处需要填入名词的复数形式。提示词“opportunity”意为“机会”，其复数形式为opportunities。故答案是opportunities。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：给旧衣服带来新生命是非常有意义的事情。根据空格前的“It’s extremely rewarding”可知，此处需要填入动词不定式形式，构成“it is + 形容词 + to do”结构，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。提示词“bring”意为“带来”。故答案是to bring。 6．考查介词。句意：因此，你能够将一件旧T恤变成一个全新的时尚外观，让你穿着。根据空格后的“a brand new stylish look”可知，此处需要填入介词into，构成“turn ... into ...”结构，表示“将……变成……”。故答案是into。 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last year, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed hotel only to realize that I 7 (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an 8 (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up. ” Two minutes later, I opened my door, discovering an object resembling a trash can on wheels, 9 (equip) with a lid (盖子), a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, 10 later responded, “Wow, so cool! ” 【答案】7．had forgotten 8．energetic 9．equipped 10．who 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在酒店，机器人给他送货的经历。 7．考查动词时态。句意：去年，我在一家新建的旅馆里打开行李，才发现我忘带牙膏了。forget“忘记”这一动作发生在unpacked之前，that引导的宾语从句时态应用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。 8．考查形容词。句意：我打电话给客房服务，一个精力充沛的声音回应道：“马上有人送来。”本空用形容词energetic“精力充沛的”，修饰名词voice，作定语。故填energetic。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：两分钟后，我打开门，发现一个像带轮子的垃圾桶一样的物体，上面装有一个盖子、一个大按钮和一个小数字屏幕。本句谓语为opened，此处为非谓语动词，且动词equip“配备，装备”与逻辑主语an object构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词equipped表示被动，作后置定语。故填equipped。 10．考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发送给一个朋友，他后来回复说：“哇，太酷了！”此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a friend，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cui Zhenshuo and Yang Bo discovered that because of the far location of most paper workshops and lifestyles of the paper-making craftsmen, their products were unable to reach the market 1 (easy). Therefore, Cui and Yang came up 2 the idea of establishing their own studio that could serve as a bridge to connect far workshops with buyers to advance 3 (tradition) Chinese hand-made paper. 【答案】1．easily 2．with 3．traditional 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文介绍了崔振硕和杨波两人想建立工作室，以推动中国传统造纸技术的发展与传承。 1．考查副词。句意：崔振硕和杨波发现，由于大多数造纸厂的地理位置较远，加上造纸工匠的生活方式，他们的产品不容易进入市场。该空需要一个副词修饰动词reach。故填easily。 2．考查介词。句意：因此，崔和杨想到了建立自己的工作室的想法，这个工作室可以作为一个桥梁，将遥远的作坊和买家联系起来，推动中国传统手工造纸的发展。固定搭配come up with意为“想出，突然想到”符合句意。故填with。 3．考查形容词。句意：因此，崔和杨想到了建立自己的工作室的想法，这个工作室可以作为一个桥梁，将遥远的作坊和买家联系起来，推动中国传统手工造纸的发展。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词短语Chinese hand-made paper，所给词tradition为名词，其形容词拼写为traditional。故填traditional。 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 High school students and those who help in their education in Cyprus 4 (develop) an unusual robot so far. The robot uses ChatGPT artificial intelligence, or AI technology. ChatGPT is an AI system that can have a 5 (discuss) and create written works. It can create material based on 6 it has learned from a large database of digital books, online writings, and other media. The robot is named Alnstein. It is the size of a small adult. The robot even has a screen for a face that appears to show human facial expressions. 【答案】4．have developed 5．discussion 6．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塞浦路斯的高中生及其教育帮助者共同开发的一款特殊机器人，该机器人使用了ChatGPT人工智能技术，能够进行对话和创作文本。 4．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，塞浦路斯的高中生及那些帮助他们教育的人已经开发出了一款不同寻常的机器人。根据时间状语so far（到目前为止）可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，可以确定本句应该使用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have developed。 5．考查名词。句意：ChatGPT是一个AI系统，能够进行对话和创作书面作品。空处作宾语，由于空前有冠词a，因此需要填入discussion的单数形式，故填discussion。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：它可以基于它从大量的数字书籍、在线文章和其他媒体中学到的东西来创建材料。此空引导的是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西/内容”，故应用连接代词what来引导，故填what。 （24-25高二上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 7 (see) from outer space, Earth is a blue planet, due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70% of its surface. According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 8 (slow) down global warming. As the New York Times reported, it is an important buffer (缓冲物). The ocean can absorb 93% of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases 9 human release into the atmosphere. And the other 7% 10 (absorbed) by the air, land and ice caps, according to an analysis. 【答案】7．Seen 8．slowing 9．that/which 10．is absorbed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从外太空看，地球是一个蓝色的星球，因为海洋覆盖了其表面的70%以上，并且作者指出海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着重要作用。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：从外太空看，地球是一个蓝色的星球，因为海洋覆盖了其表面的70%以上。此处为非谓语动词作状语，see与逻辑主语Earth构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Seen。 8．考查动名词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究，海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着巨大作用。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词in后跟动名词作宾语。故填slowing。 9．考查定语从句。句意：据《纽约时报》报道，海洋可以吸收人类释放到大气中的温室气体所捕获的93%的热量。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词the greenhouse gases，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，所以使用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 10．考查时态语态。句意：根据一项分析，其余的7%被空气、陆地和冰盖吸收。此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the other 7% 与absorb之间为被动关系，且主语为百分数修饰的不可数名词heat，谓语动词用单数。故填is absorbed。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In a sports center 1 (locate) at the heart of the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, a burst of shouts come out from trainees 2 (practice) Chinese martial arts. The trainees, aged from 7 to 65, practice the Chinese martial arts, kung fu and kickboxing at the Dave Dan Wushu and Kickboxing Training Center. “Martial arts are not to harm other people but to teach respect, humanity, sincerity, self-defense, and search for inner peace,” said master Dawit Terefe 3 works as a coach in the training center. 【答案】1．located 2．practicing 3．who/that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了埃塞俄比亚首都一家训练中心的学员们练习中国武术的情景，并分享了教练Dawit Terefe对武术精神的理解。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在位于埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴中央的一个体育中心，正在练习中国武术的学员们爆发出一阵喊声。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作sports center的后置定语，locate“确定……的位置”和sports center逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用locate的过去分词形式。故填located。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在位于埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴中央的一个体育中心，正在练习中国武术的学员们爆发出一阵喊声。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作trainees的后置定语，practice“练习”和trainees逻辑上是主动关系，且动作在进行中，因此用practice的现在分词形式。故填practicing。 3．考查定语从句。句意：“武术不是为了伤害别人，而是为了教导尊重、人性、真诚、自卫，以及寻找内心的平静，”在训练中心担任教练的Dawit Terefe大师说。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dawit Terefe，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。故填who/that。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白从仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Chinas achievements in space have snowballed in the last years. In June 2020, the final Beidou satellite was 4 (successful) launched, 5 (provide) a network of satellites for global navigation akin to (相类似的) the US-owned GPS and Europe’s Galileo networks. The network is set 6 (bring) greater coverage to the surrounding Asia region, which makes up roughly 50 percent of the world’s population, potentially 7 (benefit) billions of people. 【答案】4．successfully 5．providing 6．to bring 7．benefiting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北斗卫星网络的完成和意义。 4．考查副词。句意：2020年6月，最后一颗北斗卫星成功发射，为全球导航提供了一个类似于美国GPS和欧洲伽利略网络的卫星网络。修饰空格后的动词launched，应该用副词successfully作状语。故填successfully。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：2020年6月，最后一颗北斗卫星成功发射，为全球导航提供了一个类似于美国GPS和欧洲伽利略网络的卫星网络。空格处用非谓语形式作状语，动词provide与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以，用现在分词providing作状语。故填providing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该网络将扩大亚洲周边地区的覆盖范围，该地区约占世界人口的50%，可能使数十亿人受益。根据句意和空格前的set可知，此处考查固定搭配be set to do“被设定做某事”。故填to bring。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：该网络将扩大亚洲周边地区的覆盖范围，该地区约占世界人口的50%，可能使数十亿人受益。空格处用非谓语形式作状语，动词benefit与句子的主语the network之间是主动关系，所以，用现在分词形式benefiting作状语。故填benefiting。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白从仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Creativity is 8 ( be) able to see what everybody else has seen and think what nobody else has thought so that you can do what nobody else has done. Sometimes creative thinking 9 ( lie) along the lines of invention, where you break new ground. Other times it moves along the lines of innovation, which helps you to do old things 10 a new way. 【答案】8．being/to be 9．lies 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍什么是创造力。 8．考查非谓语。句意：创造力是能够看到别人看到的东西，思考别人没有想到的东西，这样你就可以做别人没有做过的事情。分析句子可知，此空可用动名词或者不定式作表语。故填being或者to be。 9．考查时态。句意：有时，创造性思维沿着发明的路线发展，在那里你可以开辟新的天地。此空考查谓语动词， 主语creative thinking，为第三人称单数形式，与 lie为主动关系，再由Sometimes可知，这里时态应用一般现在时陈述客观事实。故填lies。 10．考查介词。句意：其他时候，它沿着创新的路线发展，这有助于你以新的方式做旧的事情。这里考查in a new way，表“以一种新的方式”，为固定搭配。故填in。 Passage 6 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time 1 (dream) up ways of getting rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for 2 they achieve their goals? Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires — they worked hard to become 3 (wealth), but then they need to continue making money so they don’t lose the sense of success. 【答案】1．dreaming 2．after 3．wealthy 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要说明了成为百万富翁仍然担心钱——他们努力工作变得富有，但是他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们才不会失去成功的感觉。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把一半的时间花在幻想致富的方法上。短语spend time doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。故填dreaming。 2．考查状语从句。句意：但是，在所有百万富翁实现目标后，他们是否都获得了他们所追求的成功感？引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”用after。故填after。 3．考查形容词。句意：有些人在成为百万富翁后仍然担心钱——他们努力工作变得富有，但是他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们才不会失去成功的感觉。作表语应用形容词wealthy，故填wealthy。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During the National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain scenic area in Yunnan province welcomed over 50,000 tourists, a 15 percent increase 4 (compare) to the same period last year. One visitor surnamed Long, 5 drove from Chongqing to witness the sea of clouds and sunrise, said the experience was breathtaking. However, she noted 6 (challenge), including thick fog and poor visibility while driving through the mountains. The growing popularity of tourism 7 (cause) safety concerns among local authorities as well as residents, and they warn visitors of the possible dangers. 【答案】4．compared 5．who 6．challenges 7．has caused 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。国庆期间，云南省哀牢山风景区接待了5万多名游客，比去年同期增长了15%。然而旅游业的日益普及引起了当地政府和居民的安全担忧，他们警告游客可能存在的危险。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：国庆期间，云南省哀牢山风景区接待了5万多名游客，比去年同期增长了15%。短语be compared to表示“与……相比”，此处为非谓语动词，所以用过去分词。故填compared。 5．考查定语从句。句意：一位姓龙的游客从重庆开车来到这里观看云海和日出，他说这段经历令人叹为观止。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词visitor，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 6．考查名词的数。句意：然而，她指出了挑战，包括浓雾和在山区开车时能见度低。challenge为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填challenges。 7．考查时态。句意：旅游业的日益普及引起了当地政府和居民的安全担忧，他们警告游客可能存在的危险。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为The growing popularity of tourism，助动词用has。故填has caused。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they 8 (learn) enough English to organize such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they 9 (proud) handed me a gift box. After the box was opened, I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted 10 perfect English. 【答案】8．had learned 9．proudly 10．in 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在波士顿教学的经历。 8．考查时态。句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语来组织这样一个活动。动词learn先于动词amazed发生，此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had learned。 9．考查副词。句意：聚会结束时，他们自豪地递给我一个礼品盒。修饰动词hand应用副词proudly，故填proudly。 10．考查介词。句意：“我们去买一件新外套！”他们用流利的英语喊道。短语in English表“用英语”。故填in。 Passage 7 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Do you have a mentor (导师) helping you make decisions in your life? If you do, then you are a very lucky person. But if not, then read Tuesdays with Morrie. The book 1 (tell) the true story of the author, Mitch Albom, and his dying former professor. 2 you read this book you will learn some very meaningful lessons from a professors dying from a disease. When Mitch visits Morries every Tuesday, the 78-year-old professors shares words of wisdom about love, life, values, and forgiveness with his students. Delivering many 3 (power) lessons about life, this book should be high on everyone’s reading list. 【答案】1．tells 2．If 3．powerful 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章推荐了一本书《相约星期二》。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本书讲述了作者Mitch Albom和他垂死的前教授之间的真实故事。句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主要book是名词单数，谓语使用单数，故填tells。 2．考查状语从句。句意：如果你读这本书，你会从一位快要死于疾病的教授那里学到一些非常有意义的东西。结合句意可知，此处表示“如果”，使用if引导条件状语从句，首字母应大写，故填If。 3．考查形容词。句意：这本书提供了许多关于生活的强有力的教训，应该在每个人的阅读清单上名列前茅。空处修饰名词lessons，应填形容词作定语，故填powerful。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was a little boy, I was convinced I wasn’t “smart”. However, Ms. Jambard totally changed me. Ms. Jambard, 4 taught me in the fifth grade, took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand 5 you’re reading, you’ll be 6 (smart) than most kids.” I did as she told me to. Soon I couldn’t find enough to read, and I started to truly like school. Because of Ms. Jambard’s confidence in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering and law. 【答案】4．who 5．what 6．smarter 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者小时候认为自己不聪明，是Jambard女士的鼓励和信任改变了作者，使作者后来在工程和法律领域取得了成功。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在五年级教我的Jambard女士立刻就喜欢上了我。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ms. Jambard，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词who引导，故填who。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：她会对我说：“Terry，你继续读。如果你能理解你所读的东西，你就会比大多数孩子聪明。”空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，使用连接代词what引导，故填what。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据“than most kids”可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填smarter。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What is culture shock? When he first visited the US, Mr. Li was surprised on a bus. He offered his seat to an elderly man, but the man seemed annoyed and refused 7 (take) the seat. Later Mr. Li’s American friends explained to him that in the US it is not advisable, and even offensive, to offer your seat to elderly people. This is very different from China, where people 8 (encourage) to do so. From the example we can see that culture shock is the feeling of confusion and anxiety when you come across situations where the cultural norms (标准) in your culture no longer apply. 【答案】7．to take 8．are encouraged 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是文化冲击。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：他给一位老人让座，但老人似乎不高兴并拒绝接受座位。refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。动词不定式作宾语。故填 to take。 8．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这与中国非常不同，在中国，人们被鼓励去做这样的事情。encourage(鼓励)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语people之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，描述习惯性行为，应使用一般现在时态，且主语是集体名词people时，谓语动词常用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are encouraged。 Passage 8 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 People from southern China normally buy 1 they need for just one or two meals at a time. It is normal for them to buy just half a Chinese cabbage, two 2 (potato) and 25 grams of beef at a time. However, a person may be laughed at if they do this in the north. The difference could be because of the different climates. Food can 3 (keep) for a long time in the north, as it is usually cold and dry there. But southern Chinese people prefer to buy just enough food for one meal or one day due to the hot and wet weather in the south. 【答案】1．what 2．potatoes 3．be kept 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南北方买菜的差异。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：来自中国南方的人通常一次只买一两顿饭所需的东西。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少need的宾语，且意为“东西”，应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 2．考查名词复数。句意：他们一次只买半个大白菜，两个土豆和25克牛肉都是很正常的。此处potato“土豆”为可数名词，且根据空前的two可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，作宾语，故填potatoes。 3．考查动词语态。句意：食物在北方可以保存很长时间，因为那里通常又冷又干。此处作谓语动词，主语为food，与keep之间为被动关系，且根据空前的情态动词can可知，此处be动词用原形。故填be kept。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The last time Yunnan caught our national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and were guided by some experts to return to their original habitat safely without 4 (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly found in Yunnan, are under the 5 (high) level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan 6 (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves for these mammals. 【答案】4．harming 5．highest 6．has grown 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南省对野象的保护，使野象的数量得到了大大的增加。 4．考查动名词。句意：云南上一次引起全国关注是在一些亚洲象离开家园，在一些专家的指导下，在没有伤害任何人类的情况下，安全地返回其原始栖息地的时候。此处without为介词，故应用动名词作宾语，故填harming。 5．考查形容词的最高级。句意：中国的亚洲象主要分布在云南，受到国家最高级别的保护。根据句意和空前的定冠词the可知，定冠词the修饰形容词的最高级，故此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰名词level，故填highest。 6．考查时态。句意：如今，云南的野生大象数量已经从20世纪80年代的193头增加到约300头。此处作谓语动词，主语为the wild elephant population，为单数，此处意为“已经从193头增加到了约300头”，结合时间状语 Today，故应用现在完成时表示结果，故填has grown。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a new hotel only to realize that I 7 (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an energetic voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up.” Two minutes later, I 8 (open) my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, equipped with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, 9 (reveal) a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I took a photo, sending it to a friend, 10 later responded, “Wow, so cool!” 【答案】7．had forgotten 8．opened 9．revealing 10．who 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在酒店，机器人给他送货的经历。 7．考查动词时态。句意：我在一个新的宾馆打开行李箱，意识到我忘记了带牙膏。根据句意可知，“忘记”这一动作发生在realized之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。 8．考查动词时态。句意：两分钟后，我打开门，发现一个物体像垃圾桶一样，带有轮子、盖子、一个大的按钮和一个小的电子屏幕。此处作谓语动词，主语为I，根据时间状语“In 2016”可知，全文都在描述2016年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填opened。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我小心地按下按钮，盖子打开了，露出一个牙膏管。此处作状语，reveal与其逻辑主语the lid之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填revealing。 10．考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发送给一个朋友，他后来回复说：“哇，太酷了！”此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a friend，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 Passage 9 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 Bill is legally blind, which means he can’t drive. So 1 (get) to his job as a doorkeeper on the overnight shift at a Walmart, he walks 5 miles each way. All that 2 (change) a couple of years ago when Christy Conrad saw him walking and gave him a lift. After hearing his story, she offered to drive him to and from work whenever she could. For those days she couldn’t drive him, she started a Facebook group 3 (call) Mr. Bill’s Village, 4 about 1,500 people have signed up to help him. “There’s a lot of good people in this world, all over the place, you know,” Bill said. 【答案】1．to get 2．changed 3．called 4．where 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Bill因视力障碍无法驾车，需步行10英里上下班。Christy Conrad得知后，不仅亲自接送，还发起脸书群组动员1500人帮助他。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，为了去沃尔玛上夜班做门卫的工作，他单程要走5英里。walks为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，故需填动词不定式，表示“为了……”。故填to get。 2．考查动词时态。句意：几年前，当克里斯蒂·康拉德看到他走路并载他一程时，一切都变了。空处为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语a couple of years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填changed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在那些她不能开车送他的日子里，她创建了一个名为Mr. Bill’s Village的Facebook群，大约有1500人报名帮助他。started为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，call和逻辑主语a Facebook group之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填called。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在那些她不能开车送他的日子里，她创建了一个名为Mr. Bill’s Village的Facebook群，大约有1500人报名帮助他。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a Facebook group，关系词指代先行词，并在从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 This year 5 (mark) the 50th anniversary of the Rubik’s Cube. More than 450 million cubes 6 (sell) since its invention in 1974, making it one of the bestselling toys in history. For some, simply 7 (solve) the Rubik’s Cube isn’t enough. “Speedcubers” race to solve it as quickly as possible. More than 200,000 people have participated in competitions. 【答案】5．marks 6．have been sold 7．solving 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了魔方创造的缘由、影响以及被很多领域认可。 5．考查谓语动词。句意：今年是魔方诞生50周年。设空处为句子的谓语，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为this year，结合主谓一致。故填marks。 6．考查谓语动词。句意：自1974年发明以来，已售出超过4.5亿只，使其成为历史上最畅销的玩具之一。设空处为句子的谓语，和主语More than 450 million之间为被动关系，根据时间状语since its invention in 1974，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，结合主谓一致。故填have been sold。 7．考查动词。句意：对一些人来说，仅仅解开魔方是不够的。设空处作主语，表示一般性的概念为动名词的形式作主语，故填solving。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 It’s difficult to be happy if we never succeed at anything we attempt to accomplish. This leads to a lack of confidence and the feeling that we’re worthless, which can keep you 8 gaining happiness and fulfillment. However, it’s not everything. If you can separate success and see it clearly for what it is, it becomes 9 (easy) to define. And when it becomes easy to define, it is possible for you to find a way to achieve it. This is 10 your success depends on how you define it. 【答案】8．from 9．easier 10．because 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章指出，若从未成功则难以快乐，但成功并非一切。若能清晰认识成功本质，则易定义并达成。成功定义因人而异。 8．考查介词。句意：这会导致缺乏信心，让我们觉得我们毫无价值，这会让你无法获得幸福和满足感。keep sb. from doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。 9．考查比较级。句意：如果你能把成功分开，清楚地看到它是什么，那么它就更容易定义了。根据空前becomes可知，空处需填形容词作表语，本空需用形容词easy的比较级easier，意为“更容易”，表示与之前的状态相比，现在更容易定义成功。故填easier。 10．考查表语从句。句意：这是因为你的成功取决于你如何定义它。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用关系副词because引导。故填because。 Passage 10 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1 (live) in the UK for 15 years, Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008. He set up a state-of-the-art lab, sometimes 2 (pay) for equipment with his own money. He contributed to the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2. In 2016, he fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. 3 (trap) in his hospital bed, he still continued his work. He died in January in 2017. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short. 【答案】1．Having lived 2．paying 3．Trapped 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了为神舟十一号和天宫二号的发射做出了贡献的黄大年的个人经历。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄大年在英国生活了15年，2008年回到中国。live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且live发生在谓语动词之前，表示已经完成，应用having done形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having lived。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他建立了一个最先进的实验室，有时还用自己的钱购买设备。pay在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填paying。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他被困在医院的病床上，仍继续工作。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据be trapped in表示“被困”可知，trap与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处为过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Trapped。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During my time in and above the Arizona desert, I learned not only about the mechanics and techniques of aviation, but also about myself and how I see the world. As I floated in that seemingly endless sea of air, I became aware of the 4 (various) and complexity of the humanity below. On the ribbons of roadways, each tiny car carried people with hopes and dreams. I wondered 5 any of those people had ever wished to fly like an eagle. Then I realized that each must have his or her own dreams and ambitions. That’s 6 makes us unique. We try to respond to something special inside us. I also realized that I was especially fortunate to be making my own dream come true. 【答案】4．variety 5．whether/if 6．what 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在亚利桑那沙漠上的经历和感悟。 4．考查名词。句意：当我漂浮在似乎无边无际的空气海洋中时，我意识到下面人类的多样性和复杂性。空处与complexity并列，用名词作宾语。故填variety。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这些人有没有想过像鹰一样飞翔。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，表示“是否”用whether或if。故填whether/if。 6．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我们的独特之处。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what。故填what。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the past five years, China 7 (construct) the world’s largest high-speed rail network, including four rail lines north to south and four lines east to west. The network is spread over 22,000 kilometers, 8 is about 60 percent of the world’s total. Approved by the State Council, a new network, expanded to eight lines for both north to south and east to west, 9 (build) to cover most central and western regions of China. In the near future, when it 10 (complete), the national high-speed railway mileage will reach 45,000 km, double of the present, making more than 200,000 people in the city enjoy the convenience of high-speed trains. 【答案】7．has constructed 8．which 9．is being built 10．is completed/has been completed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国高速铁路网的建设情况。 7．考查时态。句意：在过去的五年里，中国建成了世界上最大的高速铁路网，包括4条南北铁路线和4条东西铁路线。根据Over the past five years可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为 China，谓语为has constructed。故填has constructed。 8．考查定语从句。句意：该网络分布在2.2万公里以上，约占世界总网络的60%。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which，故填which。 9．考查时态语态。句意：经国务院批准，一个新的网络，扩大到8条线路，从北向南和从东到西，正在建设中，覆盖中国大部分中西部地区。主语a new network与谓语build为被动关系，且表示正在进行，用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being built。 10．考查时态语态。句意：在不久的将来，当它（已经）建成时，全国高铁里程将达到4.5万公里，是现在的两倍，使该市超过20万人享受高铁的便利。when引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，且主语it与谓语complete为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，还可以用现在完成时的被动语态，表示“当它（已经）建成时”。 故填is completed/has been completed。 Passage 11 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, 1 large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is thinking about his children`s toys. These 2 (object) have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which 3 (set) among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone. 【答案】1．whose 2．objects 3．is set/was set 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了荷兰艺术家Florentijn Hofman——他的创作灵感和风格。 1．考查定语从句。句意：Florentijn Hofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑在世界各地展出。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词a Dutch artist进行限定说明，关系词在从句中作定语，意义为“……的；其”，应该用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 2．考查名词复数。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的“橡皮鸭”。根据空格前的these和空格后的助动词have可知，空格处应该用复数名词objects作主语。故填objects。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：他最近的一件作品是非常成功的“浮鱼”，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽景观中。空格处是定语从句的谓语，which代指先行词the huge Floating Fish，与动词set之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；此处可以理解为描述客观情况，用一般现在时，也可以理解为描述过去发生的一个动作，用一般过去时，先行词是单数形式，所以be动词用is或was。故填is set/was set。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 At the age of ten, Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident. Despite this, he wanted to live life to the full. He learned 4 (use) his feet for everyday activities. He also 5 (start) swimming and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities. When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano 6 his toes. It was difficult, 7 he kept practicing until he had achieved his goal. In 2010, he won in Chinas Got Talent and became famous. 【答案】4．to use 5．started 6．with 7．but 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了刘伟在失去双臂后，凭借顽强的毅力学会用脚进行日常活动、游泳和弹钢琴，并最终在“中国达人秀”节目中中获胜的励志故事。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他学会了用脚来进行日常活动。learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to use。 5．考查时态。句意：他还开始游泳，并在全国残疾人运动会上赢得了两枚金牌。空处为句子的并列谓语。根据“won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities”可知，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填started。 6．考查介词。句意：当他因为健康问题不得不停止游泳时，他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。空处表示“用脚趾弹琴”，所以用介词with，表示“用”。故填with。 7．考查连词。句意：这很困难，但他不断练习直到实现了他的目标。空处需要连词连接前后两个句子，前一句话说明挑战的艰巨性，后一句话强调了他的坚持和最终的成功，所以前后为转折关系，用转折连词but。故填but。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）语法填空 In most countries, 8 (turn) 18 marks the start of adulthood. But what does reaching this milestone, the age of majority, really mean? Will you be 9 (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and 10 (excite) ways? What new responsibilities will it bring? Some young people have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a sense of social responsibilities than before. 【答案】8．turning 9．completely 10．exciting 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在大多数国家，18岁对一些年轻人来说意味着什么。 8．考查动名词。句意：在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。该句缺少主语，此处应为动名词作主语。故填turning。 9．考查副词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新颖而令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？此处为副词completely作状语修饰空后的介词短语。故填completely。 10．考查形容词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新颖而令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？由空后ways为名词可知，此处为形容词exciting“令人兴奋的”作定语修饰该名词，为-ing形式形容词，表示事物性质。故填exciting。 Passage 12 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Extinctions, where entire species 1 (wipe) out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2 (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 3 (know) as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 【答案】1．are wiped 2．have been 3．known 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球历史上物种灭绝的现象，包括过去5亿年中地球生命几乎结束的五次大灭绝事件，以及其中被称为“大死亡”的第三次大灭绝事件。 1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在我们的地球历史上，整个物种被消灭的灭绝事件并不罕见。wipe out(消灭)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语species之间是被动关系，且描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are wiped。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，在过去的5亿年里，地球生命有五次几乎结束。提示词be是there be句型中谓语动词，结合时间状语“In the last 500 million years”可知，描述从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，且可能继续延续下去，应用现在完成时，主语five times是复数名词，谓语用复数形式have been。故填have been。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中包括被称为“大死亡”的第三次大灭绝，它消灭了90%到96%的物种。“(know) as the ‘Great Dying’”作后置定语，know(把……看作是)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the third mass extinction构成被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填known。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an 4 (extreme) dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on 5 humans do to stop climate change. Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse gases — like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) — in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations to protect people 6 risk. 【答案】4．extremely 5．what 6．at 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极热天气在全球正变得越来越普遍，政府呼吁人们减少温室气体的排放，采取措施阻止气候的改变。 4．考查副词。句意：这是一种极度危险的天气条件，在这种天气下，气温远高于平均温度。此处应为副词，修饰形容词dangerous。故填extremely。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：显然，未来夏天有多热取决于人类做什么来阻止气候改变。depends on后跟宾语从句，所以此处应为连接词，在从句中作“do”的宾语，表示做什么事情，用连接代词what。故填what。 6．考查介词。句意：而且，他们也希望建立公共制冷站以保护有风险的人们。at risk意为“处于危险或风险之中”。故填at。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The railway line 7 (connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is the world’s first intelligent, high-speed railway. It 8 (go) into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with 9 area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs and a mobile news center 10 passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts. 【答案】7．connecting 8．went 9．an 10．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了连接北京和2022年北京冬奥会联合主办城市张家口的世界上第一条智能化高速铁路，包括其投入运营的时间、长度、设计速度、旅行时间缩短情况以及列车上的特殊设计。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：连接北京和2022年北京冬奥会联合主办城市张家口的铁路是世界上第一条智能化高速铁路。“(connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou”作后置定语，connect(连接)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语The railway line构成主动关系，故用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。故填connecting。 8．考查时态。句意：它于2019年12月30日投入运营。go是谓语动词，根据时间状语“on Dec 30, 2019”可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式。故填went。 9．考查冠词。句意：列车上设计有一个存放滑雪板的区域、固定轮椅的装置和乘客可以观看奥运会现场直播的移动新闻中心。可数名词area表示“一个区域”，泛指，且area是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 10．考查定语从句。句意：列车上设计有存放滑雪板的区域、固定轮椅的装置和乘客可以观看奥运会现场直播的移动新闻中心。“ passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a mobile news center，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个移动新闻中心”，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 Passage 13 （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 People have always been scared of sharks, but the film Jaws made things 1 (good). It made people 2 (frighten) of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, 3 (kill) as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed. 【答案】1．worse 2．frightened 3．killing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了人们因为电影《大白鲨》的影响，对鲨鱼展开了大肆捕杀。 1．考查比较级。句意：人们一直都很害怕鲨鱼，但电影《大白鲨》让情况变得更糟。此处指事情变得“更糟”应用比较级worse。故填worse。 2．考查形容词。句意：它使人们害怕鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。此处作宾补，修饰people应用形容词frightened。故填frightened。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人开始捕捞鲨鱼，尽可能多地捕杀。此处kill与people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填killing。 （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50, she found herself out of work and 4 (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. She could listen to music, watch films, play games, and explore the world. She also joined an online group 5 she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest 6 (benefit) of the Internet was its ability 7 (remove) the distance that usually exists between people. 【答案】4．stuck 5．where 6．benefits 7．to remove 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jan Tchamani失业后在网络上找到了慰藉。 4．考查形容词。句意：50岁时，她发现自己失业了，被困在家里用电脑陪伴自己。这里是“find+宾语+宾补”结构。根据空后的“at home with only her computer to keep her company”可知，这里表示被困在家里，应用形容词stuck作宾补，意为“困住的”。故填stuck。 5．考查定语从句。句意：她还加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并获得他人的支持和建议。空处引导一个定语从句，先行词为an online group，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导。故填where。 6．考查名词的数。句意：她意识到，互联网最大的好处之一是它能够消除人与人之间通常存在的距离。benefit意为“益处，好处”，其前有one of，所以应用名词复数。故填benefits。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，不定式作后置定语。故填to remove。 （24-25高二上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company 8 (try) to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem 9 the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on 10 to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himeself and explaining his idea. 【答案】8．was trying 9．with 10．how 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文介绍了作者在网上读到一篇关于年轻的科技亿万富翁托马斯·奥康纳的文章，想到了一个解决方法。于是给CEO发了封邮件，介绍了自己，并解释了自己的想法。 8．考查时态。句意：在这篇文章中，这位首席执行官说，他的公司正试图创造一种新的、改进的在线支付方式，但他们在安全系统上遇到了问题。said后接宾语从句,从句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故填was trying。 9．考查介词。句意：在这篇文章中，这位首席执行官说，他的公司正试图创造一种新的、改进的在线支付方式，但他们在安全系统上遇到了问题。have a problem with……，有…….的问题。为固定搭配。故填with。 10．考查疑问词。句意：萨姆意识到他有一个如何解决这个问题的办法。本句为“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法，表示“方式”，疑问词为how。故填how。 Passage 14 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I know that I wasn’t a willing student, 1 I wasn’t slow to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. Mr. Jenkins made me feel that I had my own 2 (strong). I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. That was really the first time I 3 (try) to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! Often when I’m preparing a programme, I think about 4 Mr. Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 【答案】1．but 2．strengths 3．tried/had tried 4．how 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者是一个缺乏自信的孩子，Mr Jenkins让作者知道自己的优点，对自己产生了深远的影响。 1．考查连词。句意：我知道自己不是一个乐于学习的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢。上文提到“我知道自己不是一个乐于学习的学生”，下文提到“我学习新事物并不慢”，上下文之间是转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。 2．考查名词。句意：Jenkins先生让我觉得自己有优势。空处需填名词作宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填strengths。 3．考查动词时态。句意：那真的是我第一次试着向观众解释科学，现在这是我的工作！that was the first time…为固定句型，从句使用过去完成时；也可以理解为陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时。故填had tried/tried。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：当我准备节目的时候，我经常想Jenkins先生会怎么做。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Finally, my last tip is: keep trying. Luckily for Harry Potter fans, the author J.K. Rowling didn’t listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers 5 rejected her books. For two years, she tried to get them 6 (publish). Even the publisher who gave her a contract said she had no chance of making money in children’s books. He was wrong and for the last ten years, J.K. Rowling 7 (be) the author of the most famous children’s books in the world. 【答案】5．who/that 6．published 7．has been 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以J.K.罗琳的故事鼓励读者在面对困难和挫折时保持积极态度，不断努力尝试，最终实现自己的目标。 5．考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，对于《哈利·波特》的粉丝们来说，作者J.K.罗琳并没有听从那十二家拒绝出版她作品的出版社的负面评论。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词the twelve publishers，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：两年来，她一直在努力让自己的作品出版。“get+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，them和publish为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填published。 7．考查动词时态。句意：他错了，在过去的十年里，J.K.罗琳一直是世界上最著名的儿童书籍的作者。根据时间状语“for the last ten years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为J.K. Rowling，助动词用has。故填has been。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I’m barely the only person who feels this way. According to research, over two-thirds of young people find it easier 8 (make) friends online than it is “in real life”. I’m way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I’m wired up every day, like most of my friends. On the surface, I have an active social life. I attend parties and play sports but I’m always distracted. They say that phones bring people 9 (close) together but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away. I obsess 10 exactly how many followers I have on my account, but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates. 【答案】8．to make 9．closer 10．over/about 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了作者对于现代社交方式的反思。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究，超过三分之二的年轻人觉得在网上交朋友比在现实生活中交朋友更容易。固定句型“find it + adj. + to do sth.”，意为“发现做某事很……”，it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。故填to make。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们说手机能让人们更亲近，但实际上，我的心思总是飘得很远。空处需填形容词作宾语补足语，由于句子需要表达的是手机让人们更加接近的意思，因此应使用close的比较级形式“closer”来表示程度的加深。故填closer。 10．考查介词。句意：我痴迷于自己在账号上有多少关注者，但我却记不住一些最老朋友的生日。obsess over/about sth.为固定搭配，表示“对……着迷”。故填over/about。 Passage 15 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 As the human population expands, it’s getting harder for other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Animals around the world choose to be nocturnal (夜间活动的). But scientists suspect 1 (become) nocturnal may hurt those species adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, 2 would ultimately hurt their chances of survival and reproduction. It was found that in California’s Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes (丛林狼) had been more nocturnal in response to hikers and had started to alter their diet 3 daytime prey to nocturnal prey. 【答案】1．becoming 2．which 3．from 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人类活动的增加，动物们越来越多地选择夜间活动以避开人类干扰，但这可能对那些适应了日间生活的物种造成伤害，影响其生存和繁殖。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：但科学家怀疑，变成夜行动物可能会伤害那些适应阳光的物种。suspect后为宾语从句，从句谓语为may hurt，此处为非谓语动词，本空用become“变成”的动名词，作主语。故填becoming。 2．考查定语从句。句意：它们可能无法很好地适应夜间生活，这最终会损害它们的生存和繁殖机会。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查固定短语。句意：研究发现，在加州的圣克鲁斯山脉，土狼对徒步旅行者的反应更倾向于夜间活动，并开始将它们的饮食从白天的猎物转变为夜间猎物。本空用介词from，from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Huang Danian, the renowned Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi, China. As a keen and able student, Huang went to the UK in 1992 4 (further) his studies. By the time Huang moved back to China in 2009, he 5 (work) in the UK for 17 years. He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return home, 6 (drive) by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the world’s leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was approached to participate in the Thousand Talent programme. He took up a position at Jilin University, Changchun. 【答案】4．to further 5．had worked/had been working   6．driven 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄大年的生平。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一位勤奋且有能力的学生，黄于1992年前往英国进一步深造。本句谓语为went，此处为非谓语动词，应用further“促进，增进”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to further。 5．考查时态。句意：到2009年黄大年回国时，他已经英国工作了17年。work“工作”。根据本句的时间状语“By the time Huang moved back to China in 2009”可知，从句的动作（返回中国）发生在2009年，而主句的动作（在英国工作）是在这个时间点之前就已经完成的动作，因此主句时态需要使用过去完成时态。主句也可以用过去完成进行时had been working，强调在2009年之前已经开始，并且持续了一段时间的动作，强调这段时间内的持续状态。故填had worked或had been working。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在那里有一份不错的工作和生活，但他放弃了一切，回到了家乡，因为他觉得自己需要为国家做贡献。but后句子的谓语为gave up，空处应为非谓语动词，drive“驱动”与主语he之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填driven。 （24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Many endangered species 7 (threaten) with becoming extinct. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive species. Humans can have 8 (disaster) effects on food chains. When people first 9 (explore) the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they settled in. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. With rising awareness of 10 humans affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. 【答案】7．are threatened 8．disastrous 9．explored 10．how 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了濒危物种面临的灭绝威胁及其原因，包括狩猎、栖息地丧失和入侵物种的引入，并指出人类活动对食物链的破坏作用，呼吁采取措施保护生态环境。 7．考查动词语态。句意：许多濒危物种正面临灭绝的威胁。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语Many endangered species与谓语threaten“威胁”之间为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are threatened。 8．考查形容词。句意：人类可以对食物链产生灾难性的影响。本空用形容词disastrous作定语，修饰effects，表示“灾难性的”。故填disastrous。 9．考查时态。句意：当人们第一次探索世界时，他们把动植物物种从他们的祖国带到他们定居的地方。本空描述的是过去发生的动作，时态使用一般过去时，谓语用explore“探索”的过去式。故填explored。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：随着人们对人类如何影响自然环境的认识的提高，希望我们能够学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们蓬勃发展。本空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，用how“如何”引导。故填how。 链接高考（测试时间：8分钟） 2023北京高考 A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 答案 [A篇解读] 作者分享了自己在瑞士和法国的经历，以此说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现。 1. threw 考查动词的时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁聚会，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。设空处与was greatly surprised并列，作句子的谓语。根据was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填threw。 2. exactly 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处作状语，修饰介词短语on time，应使用副词形式。故填exactly。 3. arrived/had arrived 考查动词的时态。句意：几年后，我搬到了法国，我在约定的时间来吃晚饭，却发现没有其他客人来，女主人还穿着睡衣。that引导find后的宾语从句，设空处作宾语从句的谓语。本句上文描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。所以填arrived。也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrive的动作发生在“发现”以前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故也可填had arrived。 [B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国的红树林。 4. seen 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。本句已有谓语动词appear，设空处为非谓语形式作时间状语，与其逻辑主语the mangrove forests构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填seen。 5. cities 考查名词的复数形式。句意：红树林有助于削弱海浪，保护城市免受海风（的侵袭）。city是可数名词，空前没有任何限定成分，应使用复数形式。故填cities。 6. has established 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语Up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。 [C篇解读] 本文主要讲述了Nina希望通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。 7. to 考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步都有一个指导目的：唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。attention to...是固定搭配，意为“对……的关注”，故填to。 8. where 考查定语从句。句意：Nina最近在芝加哥完成了她长达一年的一系列跑步比赛，数千人在那里参加了一次水事会议。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Chicago。故填关系副词where。 9. to address 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地人们面临的关于“水太少或水太脏”的挑战。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作目的状语，应使用不定式。故填to address。10. facing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作后置定语，与被修饰词people构成主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填facing。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $