Unit 4 Role Models(知识清单)英语北师大版2024八年级上册

2025-10-09
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Unit 4 Role Models 单词 1.soldier n.军人,士兵 2.admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏 3.army n.陆上作战军队,陆军部队 4.bridge n.桥 5.boiling adj.热到沸点的,沸腾的;炽热的,很热的 6.wooden adj.木制的,木头的 7.board n.板,(尤指)木板 8.enemy n.敌人 9.publish vt.出版,发行;(在报刊)发表,刊登,登载 10.shine vi.发光,反光,照耀 11.arrive vi.到达,抵达;发生,到来 12.offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应 13.fire vt.& vi.射击,开火,开枪 n.火 14.shoot vt. & vi.开(枪或其他武器),射击,发射 15.drop vt.& vi.落下,掉下,放弃 16.replace vt.代替;替换 17.stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住 18.voluntary adj.志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的 19.cheerful adj.快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的 20.hard-working adj.工作努力的,辛勤的 21.organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的 22.focused adj.注意力集中的;目标明确的 23.pick vt.选择,挑选;采,摘 24.hike vt. & vi.去...远足,做徒步旅行 n.远足,徒步旅行 25.wheel n.轮,车轮,轮子26.basic adj.基本的,基础的 27.healthcare n.医疗(服务) 28.medical adj.医学的,医疗的 29.painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的 30.abroad adv.在国外,到国外 31.advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见 32.graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼 33.workplace n.工作场所 34.provide v.提供;供应;给予 35.area n.地区,地域 36.possible adj.可能,能做到(或取得) 37.complete v.完成,结束adj.全部的,完整的,整个的 38.knowledge n.知识,学问,学识 39.fail vt.& vi.不及格;失败,未能(做到) 40.exam n.考试 41.cheer vt.&vi.欢呼,喝彩,加油;鼓励,鼓舞 42.glad adj.高兴,愉快 短语 1.in danger 处于危险之中 2.go hiking远足,徒步旅行 3.role model楷模,行为榜样 4.stick to坚持(做某事,不怕困难) 5.cheer up(使)变得更高兴,振奋起来 6.human being人 7.pick up拿起,提起;接人 8.move forward 前进 9.get over the bridge过桥 10.drop into the river 掉下河 11.arrive at到达 12.risk their lives冒着生命危险 13.get medical tests接受医疗检查 14.check how healthy we are检查我们的健康状况 15.provide healthcare 提供医疗服务 16.add medical equipment增加医疗设备 句型 1.She set up a high school and has helped many girls from poor families to go to school.她创办了一所高中,帮助很多贫困家庭的女孩上学。 2.They all, in one way or another, changed the world or improved people's lives.她们都以这样或那样的方式改变了世界,改善了人们的生活。 3.Although they are gone, people won't forget them. 虽然她们已经走了,但人们不会忘记她们。 4.Who would be so crazy to cross on the chains alone and put themselves in great danger? 谁会如此疯狂,单枪匹马地冲过铁链,把自己置于极大的危险之中? 5.The soldiers on the bridge were not afraid of losing their lives. 桥上的士兵们不怕牺牲生命 6.They fought so hard and bravely that the enemy couldn't believe their eyes. 他们英勇顽强地战斗,使敌人不敢相信自己的眼睛。 7.Osei Boateng used to watch people in his community struggle to get basic healthcare. 奥塞·博阿滕曾经看到社区里的人们为获得基本医疗保健而斗争。 8.Knowing that was so painful for him.他知道这对他是多么痛苦。 9."Leaving their workplace means they're losing money and can't put food on the table." He then realised “telling people to go to the doctor wasn't the answer".“离开他们的工作场所意味着他们失去了钱,无法把食物放在餐桌上。”他随后意识到,“告诉人们去看医生并不是解决问题的办法”。 10.My mum is my role model. She's always cheerful about life, and makes herself an amazing person both at home and at work.我妈妈是我的榜样。她总是对生活充满欢乐,在家里和工作中都使自己成为一个了不起的人。 11.She likes to spend time with us whenever possible and makes everyone feel warm, relaxed and happy. 她喜欢尽可能地和我们在一起,让每个人都感到温暖、轻松和快乐。 12.At work, people really like her because she is always helpful and easy to work with. 在工作中,人们真的很喜欢她,因为她总是乐于助人,而且很容易合作。 13.When there is a difficult task, she never says "no". Instead, she thinks of creative ways to complete it. 当有困难的任务时,她从不说“不”。相反,她会想出创造性的方法来完成它。 14.What's more, she keeps learning new things to stay updated with knowledge.更重要的是,她不断学习新东西来保持知识的更新。 15.I want to be just like her when I grow up.我希望长大后也能像她一样。 语法 1. 反身代词 2. 动词+动词ing 3. used to do 一、知识点清单 知识点1:admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏 【详解】 admire sb./sth. admire sb./sth. for sth. admire sb. for doing sth. Yuan Longping is one of our national heroes. We admire him very much.袁隆平是我们的国家英雄之一。我们非常钦佩他。 We all admire her for her knowledge.我们都因她的学识而钦佩她。 She admires her classmate for always being kind to others.她因她的同学总是对他人友善而钦佩他/她。 In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and admire the beauties of nature.下午,我应该在树林里散步,欣赏大自然的迷人之处。 admire 的派生词 admirable adj.令人钦佩的,值得赞美的 admiring adj.钦佩的,赞美的 admiration n.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕 He is a much admirable writer.他是一位值得尊敬的作家。 The teacher gave her an admiring look.老师向她投去赞赏的目光。 He never lost the admiration of his students.他从未失去学生对他的赞赏。 知识点2:offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应 【详解】 (1)offer作及物动词,可意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可直接跟宾语,其常见搭配有: offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to offer themselves and risk their lives.红军战士一个接一个地站出来报名,不惜牺牲性命。 Many people offer to help me.许多人主动提出要帮助我。 They decided to offer the job to Jo.=They decided to offer Jo the job.他们决定把这份工作给乔。 (2)offer作及物动词,还可意为“提供(东西或机会),供应”。 This job offers a great opportunity for my career development.这份工作为我的职业发展提供了很好的机会。 Your doctor should be able to offer advice on diet.你的医生应该能够在饮食方面提供建议。 offer还可以作名词,表示以下含义:主动提议,建议;出价,报价;(通常为短期的)减价,削价,特价。I had to turn down a job offer from a publisher because the pay was too low. 我不得不拒绝一家出版商给我的工作机会,因为报酬太低了。 The museum received an offer for the painting of$19 million.博物馆收到了这幅画的1,900万美元的报价。The supermarket's special offer attracted many customers.这家超市的特价优惠吸引了很多顾客。 知识点3:so.that..引导结果状语从句 【详解】 原文分析P71 They fought so hard and bravely that the enemies couldn't believe their eyes. 主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语 他们战斗得如此激烈且英勇,以至于敌人不敢相信他们的眼睛。 本句是一个含有结果状语从句的主从复合句,描述了主句主语做某事的结果。 (1) so..that..引导结果状语从句,so修饰形容词或副词,具体结构如下: ①so+adj./adv.+that 从句He is so clever that he can solve the problem easily.他如此聪明以至于他能轻易地解决这个问题。 He liked her acting so much that he offered her the lead role in his new play.他非常喜欢她的表演,以至于他主动提出让她在他的新戏中担任主角。 ②so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 It is so beautiful a day that we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好,以至于我们想出去散步。 (2)so.that.可以和 such.that.进行转换,但二者的用法有所区别。such.that.中的such修饰名词,具体结构如下: ①such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句They are such interesting books that I can't put them down.这些书如此有趣,以至于我爱不释手。 ②such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句She told such a funny story that everyone laughed.她讲了一个如此有趣的故事,以至于大家都笑了。 名词前有 many、much、few、little(表示“少的”)时,要用 so.that.引导结果状语从句。There are so many people in the hall that we can't find a seat. 大厅里有如此多的人,以至于我们找不到座位。 知识点4:stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住 【详解】 stick v.过去式和过去分词—stuck 常见短语 tick to 坚持(做某事,不怕困难) 后接动词时,应用动词-ing形式 I forgot to stick a stamp on the envelope.我忘了在信封上贴邮票。 The glue is useless; the pieces just won't stick.这种胶没有用,这几片东西根本粘不住。 The key stuck in the lock and I couldn't open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里了,我打不开门。 He makes a plan every week and sticks to it.他每周都制订计划并坚持执行。 He sticks to practicing the piano for two hours every evening.他坚持每晚练习钢琴两个小时。    知识点5:organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的 【详解】 美式英语: organized organised adj.有条理的,有效率的 ,用于形容人,可作表语和定语 organised adj.有组织的,系统的 ,仅可作定语 He is an organised person and always keeps his room tidy.他是个有条理的人,总是保持房间整洁。 The new teacher is very organised and serious.那位新来的老师很有条理,也很认真。 It was a highly organised event.这是一次组织得非常好的活动。 organise v.组织,筹备安排,处理,分配 organised的同根词 organisation n.组织,团体,机构条理,系统性 They even organized activities in schools to get their messages across to children.他们甚至在学校组织活动,向孩子们传达他们的信息。 You should try and organise your time better.你应该试着更好地安排你的时间。 Sarah joined a student organisation.萨拉加入了一个学生组织。 Her writing lacks organization; we cannot understand her ideas.她的写作缺乏条理,我们无法理解她的想法。 知识点6:pick up 拿起,提起;接人 【详解】 pick up 意为“拿起,提起;接人”,其宾语的位置有如下两种情况: (1)代词放中间 (2)名词可放中间也可放后边   He only picks up his phone after he finishes doing his homework.他只有在完成家庭作业后才会拿起手机。 She went over to the crying child and picked her up.她走到啼哭的孩子身边,把她抱了起来。 Their parents would take turns to pick up the boys.他们的父母会轮流去接男孩。 I'll pick you up at the airport.我会去机场接你。    知识点7:辨析四个和“花费”相关的动词 【详解】 spend 可指花费时间或金钱,主语通常是人,常用结构为 “sb. spend(s)/ spent+时间+on sth./(in)doing sth.”和“sb. spend(s)/spent+金钱+on sth./(on) doing sth.” cost多指花钱,主语通常是物,常用结构为“sth.cost(s)(+sb.)+金钱.” pay指为某物付款,主语通常是人,常用结构为“sb. pay(s)/paid (+金钱)+for sth.” take多指花费时间,常用结构为“It takes/took(+sb.)+时间+to do sth.”和“sth. takes/took+时间.” I spent 1.5 hours on my homework yesterday.我昨天花了1.5个小时做家庭作业。 She also spends a lot of time doing voluntary work.她也花很多时间做志愿工作。 "I planned to spend mine on new music," said Beth.贝丝说:“我打算把我的(钱)花在新的音乐上。” The new computer cost me 5,000 yuan.这台新电脑花了我5,000元。 I paid 30 dollars for this ticket.我花30美元买了这张票。 I paid my bills and then I spent the rest of my money on going out and having fun.我付了账单,然后把剩下的钱花在出去玩上。 It takes me half an hour to get to school.我到学校要花半小时。 The journey to the airport takes about half an hour.到机场大约需要半小时。 知识点8:painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的 【详解】 构词法pain(n.疼痛)+-ful(充满..的;有...性质的)→painful painful作形容词,意为“令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的”,在句中作表语或定语 其常用搭配有: ①be painful for sb.对某人来说是痛苦的; ②be painful to do sth.做某事是痛苦的。 I have a painful tooth.我有一颗牙齿很疼。 Knowing that was so painful for him.知道那一点对他来说太痛苦了。 It is painful to watch her suffer like this.看着她这样受苦真让人痛心。 其他常见的名词加后缀-ful构成的形容词: care 小心----careful 小心的 color 颜色----colorful 彩色的,颜色鲜艳的 harm 伤害----harmful 有害的 help 帮助----helpful有用的,有帮助的 peace和平;平静----peaceful 和平的;平静的 success 成功----successful成功的 use 使用;用途----useful有用的 知识点9:advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见 【详解】 advice 意为“劝告,忠告,建议,意见”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。 Take my advice. Don't do it.听我的劝告,别做这件事。 They did medical tests and gave people advice.他们做了医学检查,并给人们提出了建议。、 名词advice(不可数名词)suggestion(可数名词) 动词advise,suggest 常见搭配a piece of advice 一条建议 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 He gave me two good pieces of advice yesterday. He advised me to buy a new computer at once and suggested throwing away the old one. I took the two suggestions.他昨天给了我两条好建议。他建议我立刻买一台新电脑,并把这台旧电脑扔掉。我采纳了这两条建议。 知识点10:provide v.提供;供应;给予 【详解】 provide 作动词,意为“提供;供应;给予”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语, 具体用法如下:短语 provide sth. to/for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物 In 2021, Boateng thought of a way to provide healthcare to people in faraway areas like his community. 2021年,博滕想出了一种为像他所在社区这样的偏远地区的人们提供医疗保健的方法。 We are here to provide the public with a service.我们来这里是为公众服务。 offer 也有“提供”的意思,但更侧重于主动地、自愿地给予或提供某物或某种服务。 知识点11:complete v.完成,结束 adj.全部的,完整的,整个的 【详解】 (1)complete作及物动词,意为“完成,结束”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 Instead, she thinks of creative ways to complete it.相反,她想出创造性的方法来完成它。 He went to America to complete his education.他去美国完成他的学业。 (2)complete作形容词,意为“全部的,完整的,整个的”。 A Chinese New Year celebration would not be complete without fireworks.没有烟花,中国新年庆祝活动就不完整。 complete作形容词时,还可意为“完全的,彻底的”,用于强调,其副词形式为 completely,意为“完全地,彻底地”。 He's a complete stranger to me.他对我来说完全是个陌生人。 I completely forgot that it's his birthday today.我完全忘了今天是他的生日。 二、语法点清单 反身代词的用法 表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如: Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如: The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) 反身代词的常用词组: by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学) help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐) 动词的ing 一、作动词的宾语 1. 有些动词后面需要接动名词作宾语,这是一种固定的用法,常见的这类动词有: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse / pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅; admit, delay / put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想; avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练; deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏; forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险; can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡; 例如:I enjoy listening to music in my free time.(我业余时间喜欢听音乐。)在这个句子中,“enjoy” 是谓语动词,后面接动名词 “listening” 作宾语。 She finished writing her essay last night.(她昨晚完成了她的论文。)“finished” 后接动名词 “writing”。 2. 动词 + 疑问词 + 动名词 有些动词(如:ask, consider, decide, discuss, know, show, teach, tell 等)后面可以接 “疑问词 + 动名词” 结构作宾语。 He hasn't decided whether going there alone is a good idea.(他还没决定独自去那里是否是个好主意。) Please teach me how using this new software.(请教我如何使用这个新软件。) 二、作介词的宾语 1. 在英语中,介词后面如果需要接动词,通常要用动词的 -ing 形式。 常见的这类词组有: be used to(习惯于);lead to(导致、通向);be good at (擅长于);devote to(致力于、奉献给);stick to(坚持、信守);object to(反对);get down to(开始认真做某事);pay attention to(注意);can’t stand(无法忍受);give up(放弃);feel like(想要;感觉像);insist on(坚持、坚决要求);put off(推迟、拖延);have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难);spend...(in) doing sth.(花费时间、金钱等做某事);There is no point / sense (in) doing sth.(做某事没有意义);have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) doing sth.(做某事过得愉快/艰难);be busy (in) doing sth.(忙于做某事) 例如:He has difficulty understanding advanced math.(他在理解高等数学方面有困难。)“in” 是介词,后接动名词 “understanding”。 He is good at playing the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。)“at” 是介词,后接动名词 “playing”。 2. 特殊介词短语后的动名词 “look forward to”(期待)、“pay attention to”(注意)、“get used to”(习惯于)等短语中的 “to” 是介词,后面要接动名词。 I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.(我期待着尽快见到你。) You should pay attention to spelling these words correctly.(你应该注意正确拼写这些单词。) He has got used to living in the countryside.(他已经习惯了住在农村。) 三、部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义不同 1. remember remember doing sth. 表示记得做过某事。 I remember locking the door.(我记得锁门了。)说明门已经锁了这个动作发生过。 remember to do sth. 表示记得去做某事。 Please remember to call me tonight.(请记得今晚给我打电话。)意味着打电话这个动作还没做。 2. forget forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。 I forget meeting him before.(我忘了以前见过他。)实际上是见过他,但现在忘记了这个事情。 forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做某事。 Don't forget to bring your book.(别忘了带你的书。)书还没带。 3. stop stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。 They stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时,他们停止了交谈。)“talking” 是当时正在进行的动作,停止这个动作。 stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事。 He stopped to have a rest.(他停下来去休息。)停下原来的事,去做休息这件事。 used to used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态,而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为: (1) 肯定句:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他 (2) 否定句:主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. (3) 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t. (4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 【拓展】be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词 三、写作清单 本单元的主题是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等。中考文段表达与此主题相关的命题形式有很多,如向报刊投稿、发帖、写信等。 写作实例:   假设你是李华,你收到了笔友Lucy的来信,请根据她的来信内容写一封不少于50词的回信。 Dear Li Hua,   Last week, our teacher asked us to find someone in our life who is worth studying from. I thought a lot and I wrote something about my mom. How about you? Do you have a role model?   Write to me soon! Yours, Lucy 提示词语:kind, hardworking, help others, study, inspire 内容提示:·Who is your role model?·Why is he/she your role model? Dear Lucy, I am glad to hear from you. Yours, Li Hua 审题指导 1,体裁:应用文(回信)    2.时态:以一般现在时为主     3.人称:以第一、三人称为主 4.必备词汇: (1)donate...to... (2)a symbol of... (3)stay true to... (4)speak highly of sb. (5)weep tears of joy (6)too...to... (7)from then on (8)as...as... (9)selflessness无私 (10)inspire激励 (11)warm-hearted热心的 (12)set a good example树立好榜样(13)make a real difference to...(14)Ms. Chen's dedication shows that even small actions can make a big difference. (15)He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way. 优秀范文 Dear Lucy, I am glad to hear from you. You asked about my role model. My role model is my aunt, a doctor who works in a rural hospital.Despite her busy schedule, she always treats patients with patience and kindness. Last winter, she even donated her own money to buy medicines for poor families. Her selflessness has inspired me greatly. Now, I volunteer at an animal shelter every month and study harder to help others like she does. I believe that if we all learn from someone around us, the world will be a better place! Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Role Models 单词 1. n.军人,士兵 2. v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏 3. n.陆上作战军队,陆军部队 4. n.桥 5. adj.热到沸点的,沸腾的;炽热的,很热的 6. adj.木制的,木头的 7. n.板,(尤指)木板 8. n.敌人 9. vt.出版,发行;(在报刊)发表,刊登,登载 10. vi.发光,反光,照耀 11. vi.到达,抵达;发生,到来 12. vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应 13. vt.& vi.射击,开火,开枪 n.火 14. vt. & vi.开(枪或其他武器),射击,发射 15. vt.& vi.落下,掉下,放弃 16. vt.代替;替换 17. vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住 18. adj.志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的 19. adj.快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的 20. adj.工作努力的,辛勤的 21. adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的 22. adj.注意力集中的;目标明确的 23. vt.选择,挑选;采,摘 24. vt. & vi.去...远足,做徒步旅行 n.远足,徒步旅行 25. n.轮,车轮,轮子 26. adj.基本的,基础的 27. n.医疗(服务) 28. adj.医学的,医疗的 29. adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的 30. adv.在国外,到国外 31. n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见 32. n.毕业;毕业典礼 33. n.工作场所 34. v.提供;供应;给予 35. n.地区,地域 36. adj.可能,能做到(或取得) 37. v.完成,结束adj.全部的,完整的,整个的 38. n.知识,学问,学识 39. vt.& vi.不及格;失败,未能(做到) 40. n.考试 41. vt.&vi.欢呼,喝彩,加油;鼓励,鼓舞 42. adj.高兴,愉快 短语 1.in 处于危险之中 2.go 远足,徒步旅行 3.role 楷模,行为榜样 4. to坚持(做某事,不怕困难) 5.cheer (使)变得更高兴,振奋起来 6. being人 7. up拿起,提起;接人 8.move 前进 9.get the bridge过桥 10. into the river 掉下河 11. at到达 12. their lives冒着生命危险 13.get medical 接受医疗检查 14. how healthy we are检查我们的健康状况 15. healthcare 提供医疗服务 16. medical equipment增加医疗设备 句型 1.She a high school and has helped many girls poor families to go to school.她创办了一所高中,帮助很多贫困家庭的女孩上学。 2.They all, in one way or , changed the world or people's lives.她们都以这样或那样的方式改变了世界,改善了人们的生活。 3. they are gone, people won't them. 虽然她们已经走了,但人们不会忘记她们。 4.Who would be so to cross on the chains and put themselves in great ? 谁会如此疯狂,单枪匹马地冲过铁链,把自己置于极大的危险之中? 5.The soldiers on the bridge . 桥上的士兵们不怕牺牲生命 6.They fought the enemy couldn't believe their eyes. 他们英勇顽强地战斗,使敌人不敢相信自己的眼睛。 7.Osei Boateng people in his community to get basic healthcare. 奥塞·博阿滕曾经看到社区里的人们为获得基本医疗保健而斗争。 8. that was so for him.他知道这对他是多么痛苦。 9."Leaving their workplace they're losing money and can't put food on the table." He then realised “telling people to go to the doctor ".“离开他们的工作场所意味着他们失去了钱,无法把食物放在餐桌上。”他随后意识到,“告诉人们去看医生并不是解决问题的办法”。 10.My mum is my role model. She's always about life, and makes herself an person both at home at work.我妈妈是我的榜样。她总是对生活充满欢乐,在家里和工作中都使自己成为一个了不起的人。 11.She likes to time with us whenever and makes everyone feel warm, and happy. 她喜欢尽可能地和我们在一起,让每个人都感到温暖、轻松和快乐。 12.At work, people really like her because she is always . 在工作中,人们真的很喜欢她,因为她总是乐于助人,而且很容易合作。 13.When there is a difficult task, she never says "no". , she thinks of ways to it. 当有困难的任务时,她从不说“不”。相反,她会想出创造性的方法来完成它。 14. , she keeps learning new things to stay with knowledge.更重要的是,她不断学习新东西来保持知识的更新。 15.I want to be just like her .我希望长大后也能像她一样。 语法 1. 反身代词 2. 动词+动词ing 3. used to do 一、知识点清单 知识点1:admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏 【详解】 admire sb./sth. admire sb./sth. for sth. admire sb. for doing sth. Yuan Longping is one of our national heroes. We him very much.袁隆平是我们的国家英雄之一。我们非常钦佩他。 We all her for her knowledge.我们都因她的学识而钦佩她。 She her classmate for always being kind to others.她因她的同学总是对他人友善而钦佩他/她。 In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and the beauties of nature.下午,我应该在树林里散步,欣赏大自然的迷人之处。 admire 的派生词 admirable adj.令人钦佩的,值得赞美的 admiring adj.钦佩的,赞美的 admiration n.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕 He is a much writer.他是一位值得尊敬的作家。 The teacher gave her an look.老师向她投去赞赏的目光。 He never lost the of his students.他从未失去学生对他的赞赏。 知识点2:offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应 【详解】 (1)offer作及物动词,可意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可直接跟宾语,其常见搭配有: offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to themselves and risk their lives.红军战士一个接一个地站出来报名,不惜牺牲性命。 Many people offer help me.许多人主动提出要帮助我。 They decided to offer the job Jo.=They decided to offer Jo the job.他们决定把这份工作给乔。 (2)offer作及物动词,还可意为“提供(东西或机会),供应”。 This job a great opportunity for my career development.这份工作为我的职业发展提供了很好的机会。 Your doctor should be able to advice on diet.你的医生应该能够在饮食方面提供建议。 offer还可以作名词,表示以下含义:主动提议,建议;出价,报价;(通常为短期的)减价,削价,特价。I had to turn down a job offer from a publisher because the pay was too low. 我不得不拒绝一家出版商给我的工作机会,因为报酬太低了。 The museum received an offer for the painting of$19 million.博物馆收到了这幅画的1,900万美元的报价。The supermarket's special offer attracted many customers.这家超市的特价优惠吸引了很多顾客。 知识点3:so.that..引导结果状语从句 【详解】 原文分析P71 They fought so hard and bravely that the enemies couldn't believe their eyes. 主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语 他们战斗得如此激烈且英勇,以至于敌人不敢相信他们的眼睛。 本句是一个含有结果状语从句的主从复合句,描述了主句主语做某事的结果。 (1) so..that..引导结果状语从句,so修饰形容词或副词,具体结构如下: ①so+adj./adv.+that 从句He is so clever that he can solve the problem easily.他如此聪明以至于他能轻易地解决这个问题。 He liked her acting he offered her the lead role in his new play.他非常喜欢她的表演,以至于他主动提出让她在他的新戏中担任主角。 ②so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 It is we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好,以至于我们想出去散步。 (2)so.that.可以和 such.that.进行转换,但二者的用法有所区别。such.that.中的such修饰名词,具体结构如下: ①such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句 They are I can't put them down.这些书如此有趣,以至于我爱不释手。 ②such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句 She told everyone laughed.她讲了一个如此有趣的故事,以至于大家都笑了。 名词前有 many、much、few、little(表示“少的”)时,要用 so.that.引导结果状语从句。There are so many people in the hall that we can't find a seat. 大厅里有如此多的人,以至于我们找不到座位。 知识点4:stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住 【详解】 stick v.过去式和过去分词—stuck 常见短语 tick to 坚持(做某事,不怕困难) 后接动词时,应用动词-ing形式 I forgot to a stamp on the envelope.我忘了在信封上贴邮票。 The glue is useless; the pieces just won't .这种胶没有用,这几片东西根本粘不住。 The key in the lock and I couldn't open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里了,我打不开门。 He makes a plan every week and it.他每周都制订计划并坚持执行。 He sticks to the piano for two hours every evening.他坚持每晚练习钢琴两个小时。    知识点5:organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的 【详解】 美式英语: organized organised adj.有条理的,有效率的 ,用于形容人,可作表语和定语 organised adj.有组织的,系统的 ,仅可作定语 He is an person and always keeps his room tidy.他是个有条理的人,总是保持房间整洁。 The new teacher is very and serious.那位新来的老师很有条理,也很认真。 It was a highly event.这是一次组织得非常好的活动。 organise v.组织,筹备安排,处理,分配 organised的同根词 organisation n.组织,团体,机构条理,系统性 They even activities in schools to get their messages across to children.他们甚至在学校组织活动,向孩子们传达他们的信息。 You should try and your time better.你应该试着更好地安排你的时间。 Sarah joined a student .萨拉加入了一个学生组织。 Her writing lacks ; we cannot understand her ideas.她的写作缺乏条理,我们无法理解她的想法。 知识点6:pick up 拿起,提起;接人 【详解】 pick up 意为“拿起,提起;接人”,其宾语的位置有如下两种情况: (1)代词放中间 (2)名词可放中间也可放后边   He only his phone after he finishes doing his homework.他只有在完成家庭作业后才会拿起手机。 She went over to the crying child and .她走到啼哭的孩子身边,把她抱了起来。 Their parents would take turns to the boys.他们的父母会轮流去接男孩。 I'll at the airport.我会去机场接你。    知识点7:辨析四个和“花费”相关的动词 【详解】 spend 可指花费时间或金钱,主语通常是人,常用结构为 “sb. spend(s)/ spent+时间+on sth./(in)doing sth.”和“sb. spend(s)/spent+金钱+on sth./(on) doing sth.” cost多指花钱,主语通常是物,常用结构为“sth.cost(s)(+sb.)+金钱.” pay指为某物付款,主语通常是人,常用结构为“sb. pay(s)/paid (+金钱)+for sth.” take多指花费时间,常用结构为“It takes/took(+sb.)+时间+to do sth.”和“sth. takes/took+时间.” I 1.5 hours on my homework yesterday.我昨天花了1.5个小时做家庭作业。 She also a lot of time doing voluntary work.她也花很多时间做志愿工作。 "I planned to mine on new music," said Beth.贝丝说:“我打算把我的(钱)花在新的音乐上。” The new computer me 5,000 yuan.这台新电脑花了我5,000元。 I 30 dollars for this ticket.我花30美元买了这张票。 I my bills and then I spent the rest of my money on going out and having fun.我付了账单,然后把剩下的钱花在出去玩上。 It me half an hour to get to school.我到学校要花半小时。 The journey to the airport about half an hour.到机场大约需要半小时。 知识点8:painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的 【详解】 构词法pain(n.疼痛)+-ful(充满..的;有...性质的)→painful painful作形容词,意为“令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的”,在句中作表语或定语 其常用搭配有: ①be painful for sb.对某人来说是痛苦的; ②be painful to do sth.做某事是痛苦的。 I have a tooth.我有一颗牙齿很疼。 Knowing that was so for him.知道那一点对他来说太痛苦了。 It is to watch her suffer like this.看着她这样受苦真让人痛心。 其他常见的名词加后缀-ful构成的形容词: care 小心---- 小心的 color 颜色---- 彩色的,颜色鲜艳的 harm 伤害---- 有害的 help 帮助---- 有用的,有帮助的 peace和平;平静---- 和平的;平静的 success 成功---- 成功的 use 使用;用途---- 有用的 知识点9:advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见 【详解】 advice 意为“劝告,忠告,建议,意见”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。 Take my . Don't do it.听我的劝告,别做这件事。 They did medical tests and gave people .他们做了医学检查,并给人们提出了建议。、 名词advice(不可数名词)suggestion(可数名词) 动词advise,suggest 常见搭配a piece of advice 一条建议 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 He gave me two good pieces of yesterday. He me to buy a new computer at once and throwing away the old one. I took the two .他昨天给了我两条好建议。他建议我立刻买一台新电脑,并把这台旧电脑扔掉。我采纳了这两条建议。 知识点10:provide v.提供;供应;给予 【详解】 provide 作动词,意为“提供;供应;给予”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语, 具体用法如下:短语 provide sth. to/for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物 In 2021, Boateng thought of a way to healthcare people in faraway areas like his community. 2021年,博滕想出了一种为像他所在社区这样的偏远地区的人们提供医疗保健的方法。 We are here to the public a service.我们来这里是为公众服务。 offer 也有“提供”的意思,但更侧重于主动地、自愿地给予或提供某物或某种服务。 知识点11:complete v.完成,结束 adj.全部的,完整的,整个的 【详解】 (1)complete作及物动词,意为“完成,结束”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 Instead, she thinks of creative ways to it.相反,她想出创造性的方法来完成它。 He went to America to his education.他去美国完成他的学业。 (2)complete作形容词,意为“全部的,完整的,整个的”。 A Chinese New Year celebration would not be without fireworks.没有烟花,中国新年庆祝活动就不完整。 complete作形容词时,还可意为“完全的,彻底的”,用于强调,其副词形式为 completely,意为“完全地,彻底地”。 He's a complete stranger to me.他对我来说完全是个陌生人。 I completely forgot that it's his birthday today.我完全忘了今天是他的生日。 二、语法点清单 反身代词的用法 表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如: Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt .(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如: The story is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) 反身代词的常用词组: by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学) help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐) 动词的ing 一、作动词的宾语 1. 有些动词后面需要接动名词作宾语,这是一种固定的用法,常见的这类动词有: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse / pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅; admit, delay / put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想; avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练; deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏; forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险; can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡; 例如:I enjoy  to music in my free time.(我业余时间喜欢听音乐。)在这个句子中,“enjoy” 是谓语动词,后面接动名词 “listening” 作宾语。 She finished  her essay last night.(她昨晚完成了她的论文。)“finished” 后接动名词 “writing”。 2. 动词 + 疑问词 + 动名词 有些动词(如:ask, consider, decide, discuss, know, show, teach, tell 等)后面可以接 “疑问词 + 动名词” 结构作宾语。 He hasn't decided whether  there alone is a good idea.(他还没决定独自去那里是否是个好主意。) Please teach me how  this new software.(请教我如何使用这个新软件。) 二、作介词的宾语 1. 在英语中,介词后面如果需要接动词,通常要用动词的 -ing 形式。 常见的这类词组有: be used to(习惯于);lead to(导致、通向);be good at (擅长于);devote to(致力于、奉献给);stick to(坚持、信守);object to(反对);get down to(开始认真做某事);pay attention to(注意);can’t stand(无法忍受);give up(放弃);feel like(想要;感觉像);insist on(坚持、坚决要求);put off(推迟、拖延);have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难);spend...(in) doing sth.(花费时间、金钱等做某事);There is no point / sense (in) doing sth.(做某事没有意义);have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) doing sth.(做某事过得愉快/艰难);be busy (in) doing sth.(忙于做某事) 例如:He has difficulty  advanced math.(他在理解高等数学方面有困难。)“in” 是介词,后接动名词 “understanding”。 He is good at  the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。)“at” 是介词,后接动名词 “playing”。 2. 特殊介词短语后的动名词 “look forward to”(期待)、“pay attention to”(注意)、“get used to”(习惯于)等短语中的 “to” 是介词,后面要接动名词。 I'm looking forward to  you soon.(我期待着尽快见到你。) You should pay attention to  these words correctly.(你应该注意正确拼写这些单词。) He has got used to  in the countryside.(他已经习惯了住在农村。) 三、部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义不同 1. remember remember doing sth. 表示记得做过某事。 I remember  the door.(我记得锁门了。)说明门已经锁了这个动作发生过。 remember to do sth. 表示记得去做某事。 Please remember   me tonight.(请记得今晚给我打电话。)意味着打电话这个动作还没做。 2. forget forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。 I forget  him before.(我忘了以前见过他。)实际上是见过他,但现在忘记了这个事情。 forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做某事。 Don't forget   your book.(别忘了带你的书。)书还没带。 3. stop stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。 They stopped  when the teacher came in.(老师进来时,他们停止了交谈。)“talking” 是当时正在进行的动作,停止这个动作。 stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事。 He stopped   a rest.(他停下来去休息。)停下原来的事,去做休息这件事。 used to used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态,而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为: (1) 肯定句:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他 (2) 否定句:主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. (3) 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t. (4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? 【拓展】be used to sth. 意为“习惯做某事”,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词 三、写作清单 本单元的主题是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等。中考文段表达与此主题相关的命题形式有很多,如向报刊投稿、发帖、写信等。 写作实例:   假设你是李华,你收到了笔友Lucy的来信,请根据她的来信内容写一封不少于50词的回信。 Dear Li Hua,   Last week, our teacher asked us to find someone in our life who is worth studying from. I thought a lot and I wrote something about my mom. How about you? Do you have a role model?   Write to me soon! Yours, Lucy 提示词语:kind, hardworking, help others, study, inspire 内容提示:·Who is your role model?·Why is he/she your role model? Dear Lucy, I am glad to hear from you. Yours, Li Hua 审题指导 1,体裁:应用文(回信)    2.时态:以一般现在时为主     3.人称:以第一、三人称为主 4.必备词汇: (1)donate...to... (2)a symbol of... (3)stay true to... (4)speak highly of sb. (5)weep tears of joy (6)too...to... (7)from then on (8)as...as... (9)selflessness无私 (10)inspire激励 (11)warm-hearted热心的 (12)set a good example树立好榜样(13)make a real difference to...(14)Ms. Chen's dedication shows that even small actions can make a big difference. (15)He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way. 优秀范文 Dear Lucy, Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 Role Models(知识清单)英语北师大版2024八年级上册
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Unit 4 Role Models(知识清单)英语北师大版2024八年级上册
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Unit 4 Role Models(知识清单)英语北师大版2024八年级上册
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