Unit 1 My Favourite things（期中知识清单）五年级英语上学期（北京版·新教材）

知识清单·北京版五年级上册 Unit1 My Favourite Things 知识梳理 知识点拨 【考点一】询问爱好的问答 【考点二】形容词的比较级、最高级 【考点三】一般现在时 考点一：询问爱好的问答 —Which one do you like better? —I like Around the World in Eighty Days better because I like travelling. 解析：该对话围绕 “两者中更喜欢哪一个” 展开，属于 “喜好表达” 的延伸场景，通过 “比较级” 强化喜好的选择，还加入 “原因说明”，让喜好表达更完整。 （一）问句解析： 1. 核心结构：特殊疑问词（Which one）+ 一般疑问句（do you like better） （“Which one” 意为 “哪一个”，用于在两者中选择；“do you like” 是第一单元学过的 “喜好表达” 一般疑问句结构，“better” 是新增的比较级词）； 2. 用法场景 用于 “在两个已知事物中询问对方偏好”，比如： 讨论喜欢的科目：“Which one do you like better, English or Maths?”（你更喜欢哪一科，英语还是数学？） 讨论喜欢的运动：“Which one do you like better, swimming or running?”（你更喜欢哪项运动，游泳还是跑步？） （二）答句解析： 1. 核心结构：主语（I）+ 喜好表达（like...better）+ 原因状语从句（because...）； 2. 用法拓展 答句结构可灵活套用在其他场景，结合单元主题替换内容： 谈论喜欢的食物：“I like noodles better because I like eating them.”（我更喜欢面条，因为我喜欢吃面条。） 谈论喜欢的活动：“I like drawing better because I like creating pictures.”（我更喜欢画画，因为我喜欢创作图画。） 【大显身手】 一、单项选择题。 （ ）1. —______ do you like better, apples or oranges? —I like oranges better. A. What B. Which one C. Who D. Where （ ）2.Tom likes reading books better because he ______ stories. A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like （ ）3.—Do you like ______ better than swimming? —Yes, I do. I like running very much. A. run B. runs C. running D. to run （ ）4.—Which one is ______ favourite book? —My favourite book is Around the World in Eighty Days. I like it better. A. your B. you C. yours D. yourself （ ）5.Lily likes drawing better ______ she likes creating beautiful pictures. A. so B. but C. because D. and 考点二：形容词的比较级、最高级 I like the Monkey better. I like PE best. 解析：形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示 “更……”；最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示 “最……”。本单元中，两者常与 “like” 搭配，用于强化 “喜好的程度差异”，即 “更喜欢（两者中）” 和 “最喜欢（多者中）”。 常见误区提醒： 1.不能说 “I like the Monkey more”，小学阶段表达 “两者中更喜欢”，固定用 “like...better”，“more” 一般用于多音节形容词的比较级（如 “more beautiful”），不与 “like” 搭配表喜好程度。 2.最高级前一般加 “the”（如 “the best book”），但本句中 “best” 修饰动词 “like”（表 “喜欢的程度”），不是修饰名词，所以不用加 “the”；若修饰名词则需加，如 “This is the best subject.”（这是最好的科目）。 （一）形容词比较级与最高级的规则变化：多数形容词按固定规律变化 变化类型 规则说明 原级 比较级（更……） 最高级（最……） 单元相关例句 1. 一般情况 直接在词尾加 “er”（比较级）、“est”（最高级） tall（高的） taller tallest He is taller than me.（他比我高。）He is the tallest in our class.（他是我们班最高的。） 2. 以不发音 “e” 结尾 加 “r”（比较级）、“st”（最高级） nice（好的） nicer nicest This pen is nicer than yours.（这支笔比你的好。）This is the nicest pen in my bag.（这是我包里最好的笔。） 3. 以 “重读闭音节” 结尾（末尾“辅 +元 + 辅”） 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 “er”“est” big（大的） bigger biggest This apple is bigger than that one.（这个苹果比那个大。）This is the biggest apple in the basket.（这是篮子里最大的苹果。） 4. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾 变 “y” 为 “i”，再加 “er”“est” easy（容易的） easier easiest English is easier than Maths for me.（对我来说英语比数学容易。）English is the easiest subject for me.（英语是我最容易的科目。） 5. 多音节词（3 个及以上音节） 在词前加 “more”（比较级）、“most”（最高级） interesting（有趣的） more interesting most interesting This film is more interesting than that one.（这部电影比那部更有趣。）This is the most interesting film I’ve seen.（这是我看过最有趣的电影。） （二）不规则变化：需特殊记忆 原级 比较级 最高级 含义 单元喜好例句 good（好的）/well（好地，可作副词） better best 更好的 / 地；最好的 / 地 I like this book better.（我更喜欢这本书。）I like this book best.（我最喜欢这本书。） bad（坏的） worse worst 更坏的；最坏的 This toy is worse than that one.（这个玩具比那个坏。）This is the worst toy I have.（这是我最不好的玩具。） many（多的，接可数名词）/much（多的，接不可数名词） more most 更多的；最多的 I have more storybooks than you.（我的故事书比你多。）I have the most storybooks in my class.（我有班里最多的故事书。） little（少的，接不可数名词） less least 更少的；最少的 I drink less milk than my sister.（我喝的牛奶比我妹妹少。）I drink the least milk in my family.（我家我喝的牛奶最少。） 【大显身手】 一、单项选择题。 （ ）1. This storybook is ______ than that one. I like it better. A. gooder B. better C. more good D. best （ ）2.—What’s ______ interesting subject in your class? —PE! I like it best. A. a most B. the most C. more D. much （ ）3.My bag is ______ than yours. It can hold more books. A. biger B. biggest C. bigger D. more big （ ）4.This film is ______ more interesting than the one we watched yesterday. A. much B. many C. a lot of D. lots （ ）5.—Which food do you like ______, noodles, rice or dumplings? —Dumplings! They’re my favourite. A. good B. better C. best D. well 考点三：一般现在时 She always takes me to some interesting places. （一）一般现在时的核心功能是表示 “经常性、习惯性的动作” 或 “客观事实”，本句中 “always”（意为 “总是”，频度副词）明确体现 “她带我去有趣的地方” 是长期、反复发生的日常行为，完全符合一般现在时的适用场景，与第一单元中 “描述日常活动” 的语法重点（如 “He usually draws pictures on weekends.”）一致。 （二）核心结构： 主语（She）+ 频度副词（always）+ 谓语动词（takes）+ 宾语（me）+ 状语（to some interesting places） （三）主语是第三人称单数（She）→ 动词变三单（takes） 1. 动词 “take” 变三单的规则与依据 一般现在时中，当主语是 “第三人称单数”（如 she/he/it、Tom、my mother 等）时，实义动词需变为第三人称单数形式，具体到 “take”： 原形：take（用于主语是第一 / 二人称、复数时，如 “I take...”“They take...”） 三单形式：takes（直接在动词末尾加 “s”，符合 “一般动词变三单” 的基础规则，与第一单元 “like→likes”“play→plays” 的变化逻辑一致） 2. 常见误区提醒 ❌ 错误：She always take me...（主语是三单，动词未变三单） ✅ 正确：She always takes me...（动词 “take” 后加 “s”，符合三单规则） （四）频度副词 “always” 的位置（实义动词之前） 一般现在时中，频度副词（always/usually/often/sometimes/never 等）的固定位置是 “实义动词之前，be 动词 / 助动词之后”，本句中： 实义动词是 “takes”，因此 “always” 放在 “takes” 前面，形成 “always takes”； 关联第一单元例句：He usually draws pictures.（“usually” 在实义动词 “draws” 前）、I often listen to music.（“often” 在实义动词 “listen” 前），结构完全一致，强化 “频度副词 + 实义动词” 的搭配习惯。 【记忆口诀】 常态事实一般现，every usually 常相伴，be 动搭配分清楚，I 用 am，you / 复数用 are，三单（he/she/it）要用 is，实义动词也变样，s/es 加后面，y 变 i 要记牢！ 【大显身手】 （ ）1. Tom ______ his little sister to the park every Sunday. A. take B. takes C. taking D. to take （ ）2. My sister usually ______ storybooks before bed. A. like read B. like reading C. likes read D. likes reading （ ）3. They ______ their grandparents every weekend. They love spending time with them. A. visit B. visits C. visiting D. to visit （ ）4. Mike ______ football after school. It’s his favourite sport. A. play B. plays C. played D. is playing （ ）5. My mother always ______ delicious food for our family. A. cooked B. cooking C.cook D. cooks 写作指引 一、写作。 请以 “My Favourite subject” 为题，写一篇英语短文，需包含：喜欢什么科目；喜欢的原因。要求：1. 句子通顺，思路清晰有条理。2. 不少于50字。 （一）结构梳理（3 步完成，思路清晰） 段落 / 部分 核心内容 参考句式（结合第一单元知识点） 开头（1-2 句） 明确点明 “最喜欢的科目” My favourite subject is... / I like... best of all my subjects. 中间（2-3 句） 说明 “喜欢的原因”（1-2 个） ① I like it because it is...（如 interesting/fun）.② In...class, we can...（如 sing songs/do experiments）.③ My...teacher is kind, and he/she makes the class fun. 结尾（1 句） 表达 “对这门科目的期待” I hope to learn more about... / I want to be better at... 2. 词汇 & 句型提示 高频科目词汇：English（英语）、Maths（数学）、PE（体育）、Music（音乐）、Art（美术）、Science（科学） 喜好 & 形容词词汇：interesting（有趣的）、fun（好玩的）、useful（有用的）、exciting（令人兴奋的）、easy（容易的） 核心句型： 一般现在时：It is interesting. / We have PE on Mondays. 喜好表达：I like...because...（如 I like PE because I can play football.） （二）范文： My Favourite Subject My favourite subject at school is English. I like it best because it is very interesting. In English class, we often sing English songs and play small games with our classmates. It makes the class full of fun. Also, our English teacher, Miss Li, is very kind. She always helps us when we have questions. I think English is useful too. I hope to talk with foreigners in English one day. I will work hard to learn English well. 综合训练 一、单项选择题。 （ ）1. My favourite food ______ noodles. They’re delicious. A. is B. are C. am （ ）2.—______ do you like reading storybooks? —Because they’re interesting. A. What B. Why C. Where （ ）3. Tom ______ collecting toy cars. He has 20 toy cars now. A. like B. liking C. likes （ ）4.—Can you ______ a picture of your favourite animal? —Sure! I’ll draw a cat. A. draw B. draws C. drawing （ ）5. My sister’s favourite ______ is music. She listens to it every evening. A. food B. subject C. sport 二、根据括号内提示或上下文，补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. My ______（最喜欢的）fruit is apples. They’re sweet and healthy. 2.Lucy often ______（read）comic books after school. 3.—What’s your favourite ______（饮料）? —Milk. I drink it every morning. 4.He ______（like）playing basketball best. It makes him strong. 5.My brother likes collecting ______（邮票）. He has stamps from many countries. 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，补全句子（每词限用一次）。 （delicious collect interesting favourite usually） 1. I ______ eat bread and milk for breakfast. It’s my daily food. 2.This storybook is very ______. I read it three times. 3.My ______ sport is swimming. I go swimming every weekend. 4.My mom cooks ______ food. I always eat a lot at home. 5.Peter likes to ______ postcards. He gets them from his pen friends. 四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来。 A 栏 1.What’s your favourite food? 2.Why do you like pandas? 3.What do you usually do on Sundays? 4.Does your dad like watching TV? 5.What’s your favourite subject at school? B栏 A. Yes, he does. He watches news every evening. B. My favourite food is hamburgers. C. Because they’re cute and lovely. D. I usually read my favourite storybooks. E. Math. It’s fun to solve problems. 五、按要求改写句子。 1. My favourite animal is the dog.（改为否定句） 2. Tom likes collecting toy planes.（改为一般疑问句） 3. I like reading because it’s interesting.（对划线部分提问，划线部分：because it’s interesting） 4. She can draw her favourite flower.（改为一般疑问句） 5. This is my favourite book.（改为复数句） 六、补全对话。 A. Let’s eat hamburgers together tomorrow. B. What’s your favourite food, Lily? C. Why do you like them? D. My favourite food is noodles. E. They’re delicious and I can eat two at a time! Tom: Hi, Lily!1. ______ Lily: Hi, Tom! My favourite food is hamburgers. Tom:2. ______ Lily:3. ______ What about you, Tom? Tom:4. ______ My mom cooks the best noodles. Lily: Noodles are nice too! Tom:5. ______ Lily: Great! I’ll meet you at the restaurant near our school. 七、【新情境·生活运用】情境判断与纠错。 1. My favourite toy is dolls. They’re very cute. （ ） 改正：______________________________________________________ 2. He like playing football best. He plays it every afternoon.（ ） 改正：______________________________________________________ 3. I like ice cream because it’s too cold.（ ） 改正：______________________________________________________ 4. My sister’s favourite subject are English. She reads English every morning.（ ） 改正：______________________________________________________ 5. I usually collect leaves in autumn. They’re my favourite things.（ ） 改正：______________________________________________________ 八、【新趋势·思维探究】根据例句，仿写句子（注意结合生活实际）。 1.例句：My favourite food is rice. It’s healthy. 仿写：___________________________________ 2.例句：I like reading storybooks because they’re interesting. 仿写：___________________________________ 3.例句：My dad’s favourite sport is running. He runs every morning. 仿写：___________________________________ 4.例句：I usually draw pictures of my favourite animal on weekends. 仿写：___________________________________ 5.例句：Collecting stamps is my favourite hobby. I have 30 stamps. 仿写：___________________________________ 参考答案 考点一： 一、1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 考点二： 一、1. B 2.B 3. C 4. A 5. C 考点三： 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 【综合训练】 一、单项选择题。 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 二、根据括号内提示或上下文，补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. favourite 2. reads 3. drink 4. likes 5. stamps 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，补全句子（每词限用一次）。 1. usually 2. interesting 3. favourite 4. delicious 5. collect 四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来。 1-B 2-C 3-D 4-A 5-E 五、按要求改写句子。 1. My favourite animal isn’t the dog. 2. Does Tom like collecting toy planes? 3. Why do you like reading? 4. Can she draw her favourite flower? 5. These are our favourite books. 六、补全对话。 1.B 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. A 七、【新情境·生活运用】情境判断与纠错。 1.×；My favourite toys are dolls. They’re very cute. 2.×；He likes playing football best. He plays it every afternoon. 3.×；I like ice cream because it’s sweet. 4.×；My sister’s favourite subject is English. She reads English every morning. 5.√ 八、 【新趋势·思维探究】根据例句，仿写句子（注意结合生活实际）。 1. My favourite fruit is bananas. They’re sweet. 2. I like playing basketball because it’s exciting. 3. My mom’s favourite drink is tea. She drinks it every afternoon. 4. I usually listen to my favourite music after finishing homework. 5. Collecting toy bears is my favourite hobby. I have 15 toy bears. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $