第04讲 阅读理解之主旨大意题（专项训练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第04讲 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录 01 课标达标练 考向1 标题归纳题 考向2 文章大意题 考向3 段落大意题 02 真题溯源练 考向1 标题归纳题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·三模）“Keep your eyes on the road ahead,” my driving instructor said. “You go in the direction you look.”I remembered the remark several years later, when my mom and I reached a crossroads in our writing careers. We’d been writing separately, not making much progress toward our goal of getting published. One day, Mom suggested we write a romance novel together. She thought it would be fun and less tiring if we took turns, since there’d always be something to build from. The idea was appealing and we decided to give it a try. Working together made the process much easier and a lot more fun. We both looked forward to getting to the computer to see what twists(转折)and turns had taken place while we were gone. We both also wanted to make sure the work we left during our respective time was as interesting as we could make it. We finished the first book and began sending it to publishers. Though we got some good comments, rejections piled up(堆积)：Where’s the romance? Sorry, not for us. From experience, we knew the best way to keep from brooding over disappointment: Start a second book. Once finished, we bravely sent off our second effort—and did no better. Then the third…After yet another rejection, Mom grew disheartened, wondering if we should give up. Suddenly my driving instructor’s words came back to me. I said, “Maybe we ought to look where we’re going.” I continued, “It’s like driving. We’ve taken our eyes off the reason we started writing together. We want to be published, sure, but the main reason was to have fun doing what we both enjoy.” “You’re right.” Mom let out a long breath. “I haven’t been having fun for quite a while. Maybe we should write something we truly love. You know, we only started writing romances because they’re popular. There’s no real heart in our stories. ” The SkyHorse, our young adult novel, was published last year. 1．How did the author feel about writing with her mother? A．Wonderful. B．Nervous. C．Amused. D．Embarrassed. 2．What does the underlined part “brooding over” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Preparing fully for. B．Learning quickly from. C．Worrying deeply about. D．Complaining openly about. 3．What role did the driving instructor’s words play in the author and her mother’s writing career? A．They gave them inspiration of their next book. B．They stopped them from writing a book together. C．They reminded them of their original intention of writing. D．They encouraged them not to give up writing despite criticism. 4．What led to the author and her mother successfully publishing The SkyHorse? A．Writing for young adults. B．Choosing a popular theme. C．Improving their editing process. D．Focusing on their genuine interests. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．A journey to romance B．Benefits of potential cowriting C．Going where you look D．Spreading joy through writing 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲在写作生涯中遇到的困境以及他们如何通过合作和调整方向来克服这些困难，最终成功出版小说的经历，传达了坚持初心、享受过程的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Working together made the process much easier and a lot more fun. We both looked forward to getting to the computer to see what twists(转折)and turns had taken place while we were gone.(合作让写作过程轻松了许多，也有趣得多。我们都盼着坐到电脑前，看看自己不在时故事发生了什么曲折变化。)”可知，作者认为与母亲合作写作的过程轻松且有趣，并期待继续创作。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“From experience, we knew the best way to keep from brooding over disappointment: Start a second book.(根据经验，我们知道避免因失望而……的最好办法是：开始写下一本书。)”可推测，面对拒绝时人们容易陷入过度担忧或沮丧。因此，“brooding over”意为“沉思、担忧”。选项C“Worrying deeply about(深深担忧)”与此相符。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Suddenly my driving instructor’s words came back to me. I said, “Maybe we ought to look where we’re going.” I continued, “It’s like driving. We’ve taken our eyes off the reason we started writing together. We want to be published, sure, but the main reason was to have fun doing what we both enjoy.”(突然，教练的话在我耳边响起。我说：“也许我们该看看自己要驶向哪里。”我接着说：“这就像开车。我们忘了一起写作的初衷。我们当然想出版，但主要原因是想在共同热爱的事情中找到乐趣。”)”可知，驾驶教练的话让作者和母亲意识到她们偏离了写作的初衷——享受共同创作的乐趣，而非单纯追求出版。这一反思促使她们调整方向，最终写出真正热爱的作品。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““You’re right.” Mom let out a long breath. “I haven’t been having fun for quite a while. Maybe we should write something we truly love. You know, we only started writing romances because they’re popular. There’s no real heart in our stories. ”(“你说得对。”妈妈长舒一口气，“我已经很久没感受到乐趣了。也许我们该写真正热爱的东西。你知道吗，我们当初写爱情小说只是因为它们流行，但我们的故事里没有真正的灵魂。”)”以及最后一段“The SkyHorse, our young adult novel, was published last year.(去年，我们的青少年小说《天马》出版了。)”可知，她们成功的关键在于放弃迎合流行的爱情小说题材，转而创作真正热爱的内容。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文以驾驶教练的话“你看向哪里，就会驶向哪里”为核心隐喻，讲述作者和母亲在写作中因偏离初衷而受挫，最终通过回望初心（聚焦热爱）获得成功的故事。选项C“Going where you look(看向哪里，驶向哪里)”直接引用教练的话，呼应全文“目标与方向”的主题，隐喻坚持初衷的重要性，最贴切。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·天津·模拟预测）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. Half a century after the Apollo programme, a private spacecraft Nova-C made the first touchdown on the moon successfully, bearing scientific instruments, microfiche (微缩胶片) story disks, cameras, and sculptures to stay on the moon forever. Its success would promise many more. Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it. For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads (有酬负载) for other customers. Items bound to raise various objections, such as human remains and dehydrated (脱水的) water bears from past missions, have caused concerns about biological materials on the moon. There’re a lot more planned for future launches, likely sparking further debate. Before this decade is out, with a powerful enough telescope, you may be able to see evidence of human construction or even habitation on the moon. In 2023, the global space industry was valued at $469 billion, expected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data. “We are now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,” a report read. A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 1．What is the author’s concern about the moon’s future? A．Unregulated commercial activities. B．Illegal human construction. C．Limited payload carried to the moon. D．A lack of scientific missions. 2．The “tipping point” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change ______. A．from cooperation to competition B．from science to trade C．from lunar landing to settlement D．from fantasy to adventure 3．What is the main reason for the rapid growth of the global space industry according to the passage? A．The increasing investment in science fiction-themed projects. B．The development of more powerful telescopes for lunar observation. C．The growing use of satellites in multiple fields. D．The successful implementation of the voluntary lunar cooperation agreement. 4．What can we infer from this passage? A．Lunar resource exploration holds great promise. B．Massive investment is beneficial to lunar development. C．Non-scientific activities can test lunar environmental limits. D．The existing agreement is insufficient in controlling over-exploitation. 5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发，强调人类对月球负有责任。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it.(尽管这对人类太空探索的雄心壮志而言，似乎是个令人振奋的前景，但它也预示着未来月球将成为无管制商业活动的温床，而这将不可逆地改变月球)”可知，作者担心月球会成为无管制商业活动的温床，即作者对月球未来的担忧是无管制的商业活动。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后定语从句“where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects (以前仅限于科幻小说的想法，现在变成了有吸引力的投资项目)”可知，以前仅限于科幻小说的想法，现在变成了有吸引力的投资项目，因此“tipping point”指的是从科学理论到贸易实践的转变。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 2023, the global space industry was valued at 469billion,expectedtoexceed1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data.(2023年，全球太空产业估值达4690亿美元，预计到2030年将超过1万亿美元，这一增长是由卫星在制造、能源和数据领域的应用日益增多所推动的)”可知，全球太空产业快速增长的主要原因是卫星在多个领域的广泛应用。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials.(自2020年起，一份自愿协议已被用于促进月球合作。该协议倡导国际标准、应急援助和数据共享。然而，它也允许开采月球资源，如尘埃、水、稀土元素以及其他物质)”可知，现有的自愿协议虽然促进合作，但也允许开采月球资源。由此可推知，现有的协议在控制过度开发方面存在不足。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”以及最后一段的“The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·天津宝坻·二模）AI in Agriculture Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Farming The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming practices, offering innovative solutions to challenges like climate change, labor shortages, and food security. Here are key applications of AI in modern agriculture: Precision Farming AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems. Crop Disease Detection AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits. A study by the University of Tokyo showed that AI systems achieved 98% accuracy in detecting tomato blight, far surpassing human capabilities. Autonomous Farming Equipment Self-driving tractors and harvesters equipped with AI navigate fields, plant seeds, and harvest crops with minimal human intervention. These machines use GPS and computer vision to avoid obstacles and ensure precise operations. Yield Prediction By processing historical data, weather patterns, and satellite imagery, AI models predict crop yields months in advance. This helps governments and organizations plan food distribution and prevent shortages. In India, AI-based predictions helped farmers increase wheat production by 15% in 2024. Livestock Monitoring Wearable AI devices track animal health, detecting illnesses or stress through changes in movement, temperature, or vocalizations. Dairy farms in the Netherlands reported a 20% drop in cattle mortality after adopting AI monitoring systems: Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. 1．What is the main purpose of AI in precision farming? A．To replace human farmers entirely B．To increase the price of agricultural products C．To reduce water and fertilizer usage through data analysis D．To eliminate the need for sunlight 2．How do AI tools help in crop disease detection? A．By planting disease-resistant seeds automatically B．By predicting future weather patterns C．By creating new chemical pesticides D．By analyzing images of plants to identify issues 3．The word “vigilant” in last Paragraph most likely means, ________. A．Careless B．outdated C．watchful D．expensive 4．What can be inferred about AI’s future in agriculture? A．It will only benefit large-scale farms. B．Its widespread use depends on addressing cost and infrastructure issues. C．It will make traditional farming methods obsolete within a year. D．It has no significant impact on food security. 5．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．“The History of Traditional Farming” B．“Animal Health in the Digital Age” C．“Problems with Modern Technology” D．“How AI Is Shaping the Future of Agriculture” 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems.(由人工智能驱动的传感器和无人机能够实时收集有关土壤湿度、营养成分水平以及作物健康状况的数据。机器学习算法会分析这些数据，以优化灌溉、肥料使用和病虫害防治。例如，加利福尼亚的一位农民通过使用人工智能引导的灌溉系统，成功减少了 30%的用水量)”可知，精准农业中AI的目的是通过数据分析减少资源消耗。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits.(人工智能图像识别工具能够通过分析叶片或果实的照片来及早识别植物病害)”可知，AI通过图像分析帮助作物疾病检测。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas(比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求)”可知，高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求，是AI面临的挑战，我们需要警惕。故划线词意思是“警惕的”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture.(尽管人工智能有诸多优势，但我们仍需警惕其应用过程中所面临的挑战，比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求。不过，随着技术变得更加普及，人工智能有望在可持续农业领域发挥重要作用)”可知，AI的广泛应用取决于解决成本和基础设施方面的问题。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。可知，D选项“AI如何塑造农业未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （2025·天津·二模）In today’s closely-connected world, silence is rare and undervalued. From morning to night, we are flooded with notifications, social media, and distractions. But at what cost? Constant engagement consumes our time and disturbs peace of mind. However, silence is of great significance nowadays. Silence is as essential to mental health as nutrients are to physical well-being. We carefully choose what we eat but rarely consider the mental input we absorb. Just as our bodies need rest, our minds need quiet to slow down, process information, and restore cognitive (认知的) energy. Yet, the myth of multitasking makes this difficult. Studies show it reduces efficiency and focus by forcing the brain to switch between tasks, consuming mental resources. We have grown so used to life’s constant stimulation that stillness feels uncomfortable. However, absence of constant stimulation allows the brain to ease stress, enhance concentration and spark creativity. Even a brief pause, like watching the clouds, can help reset the mind. As artist Leonard Koren noted, silence is “an emptiness full of possibilities”. Modern life fills us with sensory overload. Screens flash, notifications demand attention, and artificial noise fills every space. Recognizing this, many turn to nature for relief. For example, the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku has been shown to lower stress, reduce blood pressure and improve cognition. Natural settings, with their soft sounds and quiet atmosphere, provide a much-needed comfort zone for the mind. Yet, true silence is increasingly difficult to approach. Whether at work, home or even on vacation, we remain constantly connected. The habitual urge to reach for our phones during spare time reveals our discomfort with stillness. But silence is not an absence — it is a space for reflection and self-connection. Small steps, like turning off notifications for an hour or walking without a phone, help cultivate stillness. Over time, these moments become essential for mental and emotional well-being. In a world demanding constant connectivity, seeking silence is an act of self-preservation. Next time you feel the urge to check your phone, pause. Sit in silence. Your mind will thank you. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ________. A．an imaginary scene B．the brief conclusion C．a vivid example D．the main topic 2．According to the passage, how does multitasking affect the brain? A．It enhances cognitive energy. B．It increases the brain’s capacity. C．It lowers focus and efficiency. D．It chooses our mental output. 3．How does the author view modern life’s constant stimulation? A．As a source of stress and distraction. B．As something necessary in daily life. C．As something beneficial to mental health. D．As a way to connect with others. 4．What might the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku be? A．Film watching. B．Forest bathing. C．Vehicle noises. D．Amusement parks. 5．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Multitasking: a Solution to Silence B．Emptiness: a Limit for Possibilities C．Silence: Well-being to Embrace D．Connectivity: Space for Silence 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在当今信息高度连接的社会中，沉默对心理健康的重要性，分析了现代社会缺乏沉默的原因及其负面影响，并倡导人们主动寻求沉默以提升身心福祉。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In today’s closely-connected world, silence is rare and undervalued. From morning to night, we are flooded with notifications, social media, and distractions. But at what cost? Constant engagement consumes our time and disturbs peace of mind. However, silence is of great significance nowadays.(在如今紧密相连的世界里，沉默变得稀有且被低估。从早到晚，我们淹没在通知、社交媒体和干扰之中。但这需要付出什么代价呢？持续不断的参与消耗我们的时间，扰乱我们的内心平静。然而，如今沉默具有重要意义)”可知，作者描述了现代世界中我们如何被通知、社交媒体和各种干扰所淹没，并指出这种持续的参与消耗了我们的时间并扰乱了内心的平静。然而，作者随后提到“然而，沉默在当今社会具有重要意义。”这句话引出了文章的主要话题，即沉默的价值和重要性。因此，第一段中作者呈现的是文章的主要话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies show it reduces efficiency and focus by forcing the brain to switch between tasks, consuming mental resources. (研究表明，多任务处理会迫使大脑在不同任务之间切换，消耗心智资源，从而降低效率和专注力)”可知，多任务处理会降低专注力和效率。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We have grown so used to life’s constant stimulation that stillness feels uncomfortable. (我们已经如此习惯生活中持续不断的刺激，以至于寂静反而让人感到不适)”及第四段中的“Modern life fills us with sensory overload. Screens flash, notifications demand attention, and artificial noise fills every space.(现代生活让我们的感官不堪重负。屏幕闪烁，通知吸引注意力，人造噪音充斥每个空间)”以及后文提到的这些刺激如何影响我们的心理健康，由此推断，作者认为现代生活中的持续刺激是压力和分心的来源。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“For example, the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku has been shown to lower stress, reduce blood pressure and improve cognition. Natural settings, with their soft sounds and quiet atmosphere, provide a much-needed comfort zone for the mind.(例如，日本的shinrin-yoku实践已被证明可以减轻压力、降低血压并改善认知能力。自然环境以其柔和的声音和安静的氛围，为心灵提供了急需的舒适空间)”可推知，shinrin-yoku指的是一种亲近自然、缓解压力的活动，即森林浴。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In today’s closely-connected world, silence is rare and undervalued. From morning to night, we are flooded with notifications, social media, and distractions. But at what cost? Constant engagement consumes our time and disturbs peace of mind. However, silence is of great significance nowadays.(在如今紧密相连的世界里，沉默变得稀有且被低估。从早到晚，我们淹没在通知、社交媒体和干扰之中。但这需要付出什么代价呢？持续不断的参与消耗我们的时间，扰乱我们的内心平静。然而，如今沉默具有重要意义)”及全文内容可知，全文围绕“沉默对心理健康的重要性”展开，强调在充满干扰的现代社会中应拥抱沉默。因此，最适合这篇文章的标题是“Silence: Well-being to Embrace(沉默：值得拥抱的幸福)”。故选C。 考向2 文章大意题 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·天津滨海新·期中）Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation. When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial. Ask the other person to recite and repeat. You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names. Admit you don’t know. Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?” Use associations. Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng--tall, black hair.” To reinforce your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible. Limit the number of new names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early. Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you. 1．When you repeat people’s names, you should do it in a ______ way. A．forced B．artificial C．natural D．familiar 2．How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names? A．They will be moved. B．They will be annoyed. C．They will be delighted. D．They will be discouraged. 3．If you can’t remember someone’s name, you may ______ A．tell him the truth B．tell him a white lie C．ask him for pity D．ask others to help you 4．When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember ______ A．all their names B．a couple of names first C．just their last names D．as many names as possible 5．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Tips on an important social skill. B．Importance of attending parties. C．How to make use of associations. D．How to recite and repeat names. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文属于一篇应用文，主要介绍了的是几个记忆人名的方法和建议。 1．细节理解题。根据Recite and repeat in conversation.部中“You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.(你也可以用一种听起来不做作的方式重复这个名字)”可知，重复名字时应以自然的方式进行，故选C。 2．细节推理题。根据Ask the other person to recite and repeat.部分的“Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names.(如果你努力去记住他们的名字，大多数人会很高兴的)”可知，多数人对你努力记他们的名字很高兴，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Admit you don’t know.部分“Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. (承认你记不住某人的名字可能会让他/她感到很放松)”可知，承认你不知道是一个很好的方法，所以当记不住人名的时候就直接承认。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.部分第一句“When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. (当你遇到了一群人，记住两三个名字就可以了)”可知，当我们遇见一群人的时候，我们不需要记得所有人的名字，只需要记得其中的几个就可以了。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. (记住名字是一个重要的社交技能。有几种方式你可以掌握)”结合下文介绍的几个方法可知，本文主要讲述的是几个记忆人名的方法和建议。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024·天津武清·模拟预测）To put it simply, stress can be the father of growth, while a crisis can be the mother of innovation. The notion that great good can emerge from great adversity (逆境) is as old as the legend of the great phoenix (凤凰), who not only arises but soars to new heights from its own ashes. In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As You Like It. One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, “Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case? Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the “talkies”(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. She once noted, “You may have a fresh start any moment you choose, for this thing that we call ‘failure’ is not the falling down, but the staying down.” Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity. Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings. In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Behold the Man, the German philosopher writes that a person who has “turned out well” could be recognized by the ability to take advantage of and prosper from adversity, just as he wrote before, “What does not kill him makes him stronger.” So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success? 1．Why does the author quote the line from Shakespeare’s play? A．To emphasize the great wisdom of Shakespeare. B．To highlight the beauty of Shakespeare’s language. C．To challenge the conventional belief regarding adversity. D．To show the long-standing recognition of adversity’s value. 2．What is conveyed through Mary Pickford’s story? A．Fame can block one’s achievements. B．Strong determination overcomes adversity. C．Accepting adversity results in positive outcomes. D．Courage in the face of challenges leads to success. 3．What is the idea behind Krumboltz’s happenstance theory? A．Embracing uncertainty. B．Managing life’s challenges. C．Seizing hidden opportunities. D．Focusing on personal growth. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards adversity? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Finding value and opportunity in facing adversity. B．Stress as the primary cause of growth and innovation. C．How to avoid adversity and negative experiences in life. D．Historical figures who failed to overcome adversity effectively. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。 1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, ‘Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad(癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.’ Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. (该剧最著名的台词之一是老公爵在第二幕第1场中说的，‘甜蜜是对逆境的利用，就像癞蛤蟆一样，又丑又毒，头上还戴着一颗珍贵的宝石。’即使在500年前，逆境的潜在价值也得到了认可，不是由一位伟大的治疗师，而是由一位了不起的剧作家写就。)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚戏剧中的一句话，以表明人们长期以来对逆境价值的认识。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the ‘talkies’(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. (快进到伟大的无声电影明星Mary Pickford。她被称为1910年代和1920年代世界上最受欢迎的女演员。随着‘有声电影’（有录音的电影）的出现，她未能继续表演，她与人共同创立了电影公司联合艺术家。她将自己的才华转移到制作和导演上，成为娱乐圈最有权势的女性。)”可知，从Mary Pickford的故事中我们可知，接受逆境会带来积极的结果。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. (逆境为那些准备利用的人揭示了真正的机会。John Krumboltz博士的偶然性理论指出，职业和生活的发展最好通过为你可能不知道的机会做准备来促进。许多不可预测的因素正在潜在地塑造未来。)”可知，John Krumboltz偶然性理论背后的理念是抓住隐藏的机会。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”可知，作者对经历逆境的态度是赞许的。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”和最后一段“So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success?(那么，下次逆境进入你的生活时，你会逃离它，还是会拥抱它，把它当作通往更大幸福和成功的垫脚石？)”以及上下文可知，文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2023·天津河北·一模）Brian Hamilton used to occupy himself with a six-figure job, but his life changed in a prison when he was accompanying his friend, Reverend Robert J. Harris, who often went to local prisons to do his work. During the visit, Hamilton started talking to one of the prisoners and asked what he was going to do when he got out. “He said he was going to get a job,” Hamilton says. “I thought to myself, wow, that’s going to be difficult.” The conversation made Hamilton consider how prisoners could benefit from operating their own business, something he thought about for years. Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial conversation, Hamilton created Inmates to Entrepreneurs, a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses. “Harris and I taught our first course at a prison called ‘How to Start Your Own Business When You Get Out’,” he says. At the time, Hamilton was building his own company, Sageworks. He was the chairman and co-founder of Sageworks. As Sageworks grew, so did Hamilton’s time spent teaching at prisons throughout North Carolina. Eventually, Hamilton decided it was time to change his focus to his true passion. In May 2018, he sold his stake (股份) in Sageworks, focusing his commitment on Inmates to Entrepreneurs. “Now, anyone is able to access the course, either to become a teacher to go into prisons to teach it or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population,” Hamilton explains. In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the course to at-risk students to lead the so-called bad students to the right path. The free course is funded by the Brian Hamilton Foundation, which offers help to soldiers as they adjust to civilian life and provides loans to small businesses. “We’re giving prisoners something they can do independent of a system that isn’t working for them. If you can make people know that other people care about them, it will make a difference.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．Hamilton lost his six-figure job. B．Harris often visited local prisons to interview. C．Hamilton’s life changed after visiting a prison. D．Harris was optimistic about prisoners’ job prospects. 2．What does the passage say about Inmates to Entrepreneurs? A．It is often short of prison teachers. B．It provides loans to at-risk students. C．It’s independent of the social system. D．Its course has been largely broadened. 3．What can we know about Hamilton? A．He often went to prisons before 2008. B．He tried to prevent possible crimes in advance. C．He wrote a book titled “How to Start Your Own Business”. D．He gave away his company to those who were released from prison. 4．What does Hamilton value? A．Offering care to others. B．Giving trust to strangers. C．Showing respect for teachers. D．Providing education for children. 5．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage? A．A man made a fruitless visit to the prison. B．A man sold his business to teach prisoners. C．A man realized his dream of being a teacher. D．A man successfully created two organisations. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，布莱恩·汉密尔顿的一次监狱之行让他萌生了帮助囚犯出狱后如何适应生活的想法，因此他创建了非营利组织“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业。 1．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Brian Hamilton used to occupy himself with a six-figure job, but his life changed in a prison when he was accompanying his friend, Reverend Robert J. Harris, who often went to local prisons to do his work. (布莱恩·汉密尔顿曾经忙于一份六位数的工作，但当他陪伴他的朋友罗伯特·J·哈里斯牧师时，他的生活在监狱里发生了变化，哈里斯牧师经常去当地监狱工作)”可知，第一段主要讲汉密尔顿参观监狱后，他的生活发生了变化。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由倒数第二段““Now, anyone is able to access the course, either to become a teacher to go into prisons to teach it or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population,” Hamilton explains. In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the course to at-risk students to lead the so-called bad students to the right path. (汉密尔顿解释道：“现在，任何人都可以学习这门课程，要么成为一名教师，进入监狱教授，要么作为囚犯或普通人群的一部分自己学习。”此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，通过课程的使用人群的范围可推断出，“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”组织的课程已经得到了很大地扩展。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the course to at-risk students to lead the so-called bad students to the right path. (此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，汉密尔顿试图提前预防可能发生的犯罪。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial conversation, Hamilton created Inmates to Entrepreneurs, a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses. (最后，在2008年，也就是最初的对话16年后，汉密尔顿创建了“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”，这是一个非营利组织，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业)”和最后一段Hamilton所说的话的“If you can make people know that other people care about them, it will make a difference. (如果你能让人们知道其他人关心他们，那就会有所不同)”可知，Hamilton创建了非营利组织“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业，认为人们要去关怀囚犯，可得出汉密尔顿看重为他人提供关怀。故选A项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了Brian Hamilton成功创业的故事，Hamilton创建了“Inmates to Entreprcneurs”这个组织，这是个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。与此同时Hamilton还建立自己的公司Sageworks。2018年他卖掉了Sageworks的股份，一心投到“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”中来，去教犯人如何去创业。所以短文主要在讲述一个男人卖了他的企业去教囚犯如何创业，B项“一个男人卖掉了自己的生意来教囚犯”符合文意。故选B项。 Passage 4 （22-23高三下·天津武清·开学考试）From talking robots and video phones to rovers (探测器) on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet—we still have no cure for the common cold. Why can’t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒), Scientific American reported. There are at least 160 types. They mutate so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold. However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome (基因组) one by one for thousands of cell. These modified cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses (肠道病毒), including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase (甲基转移酶) SETD3. Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection,” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC．” These mice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection. “Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance,” said Carette. “This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletion,” he added. 1．What does the underlined word ”mutate” mean in English? A．To change a new form. B．To identify a new gene. C．To check a modified cell. D．To cure a viral infection. 2．What is the article mainly about? A．Why it is so hard to cure the common cold. B．The possible link between rhinoviruses and the common cold. C．A possible way to stop viral infections that cause the common cold. D．The functions of a protein needed by viruses. 3．What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses? A．It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies. B．It allows the viruses to change easily. C．It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs. D．It increases the spread of the viruses. 4．What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study? A．Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein. B．The modified cells seemed to protect the mice against viral infections. C．More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified. D．The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses. 5．What do the researchers plan to do next, according to Carette? A．Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans. B．Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein. C．Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses. D．Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学和旧金山加州大学的研究人员找到了一种可能阻止引起人们感染感冒病毒的方法——抑制一种叫做甲基转移酶SETD3的蛋白质，因为这种蛋白质能够帮助感冒病毒在我们体内复制。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems(它们很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统)”可知，它们很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲过我们的免疫系统，这说明这些病毒很容易变异，由此可知画线词词义为“变异（变成一种新类型的病毒）”，即To change a new form，故选A。 2．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段“However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.(然而，斯坦福大学和加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员已经找到了一个可能的答案。他们发现了病毒需要的一种蛋白质。没有它，它们就无法在你体内扩散。)”和最后一段的““We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance,” said Carette. “This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletion,” he added.(“我们已经确定了所有肠道病毒和鼻病毒都需要和依赖的一个极好的靶点。如果不这样做，病毒就没有机会了。”“这是非常好的第一步——第二步是找到一种模拟这种基因缺失的化学物质，”他补充说。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家找到了一种可能阻止引起人们感染感冒病毒的方法，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.(然而，斯坦福大学和旧金山加利福尼亚大学的研究人员已经找到了一个可能的答案。他们发现了病毒所需的蛋白质。没有它，它们就不能在你体内传播。)”和第五段中的“All the viruses were unable to replicate inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase (甲基转移酶) SETD3.(所有的病毒都无法在细胞内复制，如果没有一种产生特定蛋白质的基因，这种蛋白质被称为甲基转移酶SETD3。)”可知，病毒所需的蛋白质能够帮助病毒在我们体内复制，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段““Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection,” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC.”(斯坦福大学的副教授Jan Carette告诉BBC：“缺乏这种基因可以保护老鼠完全不受病毒感染。”)”可知，基因改变的细胞能够能保护小鼠免受病毒感染，故选B。 5．推理判断题。 根据最后一段““This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletion,” he added.(“这是非常好的第一步——第二步是找到一种模拟这种基因缺失的化学物质，”他补充说。)”可知，Carette认为研究人员下一步打算找出一种能帮助减少这种蛋白质的药物，故选B。 考向3 段落大意题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·模拟预测）If you’re new to a school or you have a tendency to be shy or tend to not get out of your comfort zone, making new friends at school might seem like a challenge. Luckily, you can overcome that challenge by looking for people with the same interests as you and by being friendly when you meet new people. Step 1 Look for people who have the same hobbies as you. You’re more likely to be friends with someone if you have something in common with them. Try to find clubs or groups based on your favorite hobbies, then join them to meet like-minded people. Also, pay attention to people who spend their free time doing the same things you love to do. If you love to draw, for instance, you could register for an art class, attend art shows, or look for people who are doodling(涂鸦) during math class. Step 2 Spend time around people who show kindness. Finding someone who will treat you well and support you is more important than popularity. Avoid spending time with people who talk bad about others or put them down. Instead, look for people who invite others to sit with them at lunch, who encourage others when they speak up in class, or who are always willing to help when someone needs a hand. When you’re around someone, you should feel comfortable acting like yourself around them. A friend should never make you feel bad for being who you are. Step 3 Make new friends through your current friends. If you already have a few friends but you’ re looking to meet more people, try getting to know the other people your friends know. If you don’t have a chance to hang out during the school day, try setting up a group event after school or on the weekends. This can be as informal as walking home together, or it can be a planned activity everyone can participate in. Step 4 Introduce yourself to new people whenever possible. When you’ re around someone you don’t know, it can be tempting (不自禁) to just sit there quietly, especially if you’ re shy. However, you and the other person will both be more comfortable after a simple introduction. Make eye contact with the person, smile, and try to seem warm and relaxed instead of nervous or anxious. Then, break the ice by talking about whatever is going on around you. 1．Which of the following poses a challenge for making friends at school? A．The willingness to find people with similar interests. B．Always daring to step out of your comfort zone. C．Only being friendly to people you know well. D．A relatively shy personality. 2．To meet like-minded people, you should __________. A．paint in your spare time B．doodle in math class C．start a group based on your favorite hobby D．join a club that interests you 3．What do we learn about from Paragraph 3? A．We should be with people who put others down. B．Stay away from people who invite people to lunch. C．A true friend doesn’t make you feel bad. D．Speaking should be encouraged in class. 4．What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 4? A．We should often organize group activities. B．We can make new friends through existing ones. C．We should hang out sometime. D．We can try walking home with our classmates together every day. 5．To break the awkwardness of being with a stranger you should ________. A．start by introducing yourself B．avoid making eye contact with the person C．keep sitting quietly D．start by talking about what’s going on around you 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在学校结交新朋友的步骤和建议，旨在帮助那些刚入学、害羞或不愿走出舒适区的人克服交友的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’re new to a school or you have a tendency to be shy or tend to not get out of your comfort zone, making new friends at school might seem like a challenge.(如果你刚到一所新学校，或者你生性腼腆，又或者你倾向于待在自己的舒适区里，那么在学校结交新朋友可能会是一项挑战。)”可知，生性腼腆是在学校交友面临挑战的一个因素。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Try to find clubs or groups based on your favorite hobbies, then join them to meet like-minded people.(试着根据自己最喜欢的爱好去寻找社团或小组，然后加入其中，结识志同道合的人。)”可知，可以根据自己最喜欢的爱好去寻找社团或小组，然后加入其中，结识志同道合的人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A friend should never make you feel bad for being who you are.(朋友永远不会因为你是你自己而让你感觉不好)”可知，真正的朋友不会让你感觉糟糕。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“If you already have a few friends but you’ re looking to meet more people, try getting to know the other people your friends know. If you don’t have a chance to hang out during the school day, try setting up a group event after school or on the weekends. This can be as informal as walking home together, or it can be a planned activity everyone can participate in.(如果你已经有了几个朋友，但还想认识更多的人，那就试着去了解你朋友们认识的其他人。如果在上学期间你们没有机会一起出去玩，可以试着在放学后或周末组织一次集体活动。活动可以很随意，比如一起步行回家，也可以是一次大家都能参与的有计划的活动)”可知，第四段提出如果你已经有了几个朋友，但还想认识更多的人，那就试着去了解你朋友们认识的其他人。接着又提到可以组织集体活动来促进与新朋友的交往。由此可知，整个第四段都在围绕通过现有的朋友去认识更多的人展开，也就是可以通过现有朋友结交新朋友。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When you’ re around someone you don’t know, it can be tempting (不自禁) to just sit there quietly, especially if you’ re shy. However, you and the other person will both be more comfortable after a simple introduction. Make eye contact with the person, smile, and try to seem warm and relaxed instead of nervous or anxious. Then, break the ice by talking about whatever is going on around you.(当你和一个不认识的人在一起时，你可能会情不自禁地静静地坐在那里，尤其是如果你很害羞的话。然而，简单地做个自我介绍之后，你和对方都会感觉更自在。与对方进行眼神交流，微笑，尽量表现得热情放松，而不是紧张焦虑。然后，通过谈论周围正在发生的事情来打破僵局)”可知，文章建议通过谈论周围环境来打破僵局。由此可知，要打破和陌生人在一起的尴尬，你应该从谈论你周围发生的事情开始。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025·天津河北·一模）Progress is something that everyone looks forward to, whether in personal life or in society. It represents our ability to change and improve the way we live. Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things. Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships. Another area where progress brings both benefits and challenges is in mass production. Factories today are much more efficient, thanks to machines and automation. This has allowed goods to be produced in large quantities with greater accuracy than human hands could ever achieve. However, the downside is that this efficiency often comes at the cost of the “personal touch”. Many items that were once handcrafted are now produced in factories. While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship. Despite these challenges, it is important not to view progress from a one-sided perspective. In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state. Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is necessary for progress to occur? A．Rejecting new ideas. B．Holding on to traditional ways. C．Pursuing comfort over innovation. D．Accepting technology and advances steadily. 2．The examples in Paragraph 2 illustrate____________. A．efficiency improvements often come with a price B．technology presents few significant drawbacks C．the “good old days” offered greater efficiency D．face-to-face interactions are unnecessary 3．What does the author say about mass production? A．It has lacked great accuracy. B．It has increased product costs. C．It has reduced individuality in products. D．It has entirely replaced handcrafted items. 4．What is the author’s view on the relationship between progress and tradition? A．Progress often destroys tradition. B．Progress can help protect tradition. C．Progress weakens traditional values. D．Progress and tradition cannot exist together. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Technology must be applied in a fixed manner. B．Progress should be adapted to meet societal needs. C．People tend to look back on the past with deep regret. D．The impact of technology depends on people’s attitude. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起，进步有好的方面也有缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things.(进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起。然而，只有当我们拥抱技术并不断寻求更有效的做事方式时，这种进步的想法才成立)”可知，接受技术以及稳步进步是进步发生的必要条件。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships.(然而，对许多人来说，尤其是那些渴望“过去的好时光”的人，进步不可避免地伴随着牺牲。随着新技术的兴起，效率大大提高了。例如，通信变得更加高效。今天，人们可以立即相互联系，无论他们在世界的哪个地方。只需点击一个按钮，我们就可以交谈，甚至不用离开家就能看到对方。我们在现实生活中共度时光的私人拜访已经变得不那么常见了。有了手机和平板电脑，人们通常不再亲自去拜访朋友和家人，尽管面对面的互动在建立更亲密的关系方面具有独特的价值)”可知，第二段中的例子说明了效率的提高往往是有代价的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship.(虽然大规模生产使供应能够迅速满足需求，但它往往导致质量下降。例如，手工制作的物品是独特的，充满个性，但批量生产的版本缺乏个性和相同的工艺水平)”可知，作者认为，大规模生产降低了产品的个性。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state.(事实上，进步也让传统得以延续。现代技术可以帮助保存旧产品和技术，确保传统工艺不会丢失。通过新技术，许多老产品可以起死回生，恢复到原来的状态)”可知，作者认为进步有助于保护传统。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past.(最终，是人们对进步的态度决定了技术对社会的影响。技术本身是灵活的——它可以以各种方式使用，这取决于我们如何选择应用它。进步的最大挑战来自于那些不愿意调整自己的心态和接受新想法的人。当我们以符合我们需要的方式利用进步时，我们可以在尊重过去的同时创造新的未来)”可知，最后一段的主旨是技术的影响取决于人们的态度。故选D。 Passage 3 （2024·天津和平·一模）The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed. How do you know if you are sleep-deprived? For some people, the answer will be obvious; for others, it may be less so. Russell Foster, a professor at the University of Oxford, specifies three signs that you are probably not getting enough sleep: “Feeling that you don’t perform at your peak during the day; oversleeping on free days; or craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.” “Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.” As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation (匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.” “Short term, you can get away with the negative influence of sleep deprivation of you,” says Foster. “It’s in the long term that things start to fall apart.” He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis. Fortunately, according to Meadows, most of us could do with an extra hour to an hour and a half of sleep each night to cope with sleep deprivation. And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.” 1．The examples given in the first paragraph are intended to ______. A．list reasons why people hate advice on good sleep B．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivation C．present the factual phenomenon of lack of sleep D．form a contrast with the following paragraphs 2．How does lack of good sleep affect appetite according to Martin Meadows? A．It disturbs the feeling of being hungry or full. B．It ruins your appetite instead of feeling hungry. C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleeping D．It has no impact on appetite hormones. 3．Which of the following message is conveyed by Meadows in paragraph.4? A．When it’s stormy outside, we crave for junk food and a good night sleep. B．When we feel under the weather, we should eat less and sleep more. C．We should combine healthy eating with regular sleep together. D．Bad eating and sleep deprivation contributes to each other. 4．Which of the following may, NOT be a consequence of sleep deprivation? A．Irregular heartbeat. B．Failing memory. C．Poor decision-making. D．Bad choices of lifestyle. 5．People lacking sleep are encouraged to ______. A．sleep for as long as they want during the day B．watch one episode of their favorite TV series C．prevent yourself from energy intake each night D．consume food rich in fiber and water 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“睡眠不足”这一主题展开，详细介绍了睡眠不足的症状、原因、影响以及如何改善睡眠等方面的知识。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed.(世界上有很多关于如何睡个好觉的建议，但有时这样做是不可能的。如果你正在与睡眠障碍作斗争，是一个轮班工人或有一个孩子。每隔几个小时醒来，被告知如何睡得好是很烦人的。对另一些人来说，尽管感觉一整天都很累，但看第四集你最喜欢的电视剧似乎比睡觉更有吸引力。)”以及第二段“How do you know if you are sleep-deprived?(你怎么知道自己是否睡眠不足呢？)”可知，文章第一段给出例子是为了呈现当代人缺乏睡眠这一现象。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.”(“缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，”注册营养师Martin Meadows说：“使你感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。”)”可知，Martin Meadows认为缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，从而导致感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation(匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”(正如Meadows所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，Meadows认为睡眠不足会导致不良的饮食习惯，而不良饮食习惯又扰乱了我们的睡眠。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation(匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.”(正如Meadows所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，睡眠不足会带来不良的生活方式；再根据第五段“He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis.(他列举了这些不良影响：“你的认知能力会随着长期睡眠不足而下降——你的沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力都会下降。”患心血管疾病、抑郁症和精神病的风险也在增加。)”可知，睡眠不足会导致沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力下降。由此可知，选项A“Irregular heartbeat.(心律不齐)”未提及。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.”(如果你晚上睡得不好，Meadows建议“有意识地选择全麦、豆类、水果和蔬菜等食物。”因为它们富含纤维和水分，它们会让你有饱腹感，同时限制你的总能量摄入。)”可知，睡眠不足的人可以摄入富含纤维和水分的食物，因为这类食物会让人有饱腹感同时又能限制总能量摄入。故选D。 Passage 4 （23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Reports have emerged recently of cows being fed supplements (补充剂) obtained from palm oil (棕榈油) to increase the butterfat content of milk. The practice partly responds to the increasing demand for butter during the pandemic when the number of milk cows has not increased accordingly. Thus, palmitic acid supplements, obtained from imported palm oil are given to cows. According to Dairy (乳品业的) Farmers of Canada(DFC), it is used in other countries as well to “provide energy to cows without undesirable effects”. Experts of DFC guarantee that the milk products are safe and that the amounts of supplements used are very small. But based on Canadians’ concern over the link between butter and palm oil, it appears more complicated. Lots of Canadians have been deliberately trying to avoid palm oil in diets, only to realize that palm oil is being used in the dairy industry. People are concerned about the nutrition question, for too much palmitic acid is associated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste of milk, which is a headache for many food producers. But those are not what disturb me. In fact, palm oil has a bad reputation for driving deforestation, particularly in Southeast Asia, which produces 85% of the world’s palm oil supply. The rapid expansion of palm oil has destroyed habitats for many wild animals. Fires are set to replace jungles with palm trees, polluting the air, and some are impossible to put out. Despite the harmful effects palm oil may bring about, palm oil is found in roughly 50% of the products sold in supermarkets. It is cheap to produce and stays solid at room temperature, making it perfect for baked and packaged foods. It has a high cooking temperature and smoke point, providing ạ smooth mouthfeel. It’s also added to make-up, cleaning products, chocolate, fuels, and more. Some organizations are making efforts to clean up the palm oil industry through various practices. Big brands are formally warned when their palm oil suppliers engage in illegal expansion, which in turn has driven them to take action, even if their action seems inadequate currently. There’s hope on the horizon, but the palm oil industry is still one I won’t give support to. 1．Why are cows fed supplements made from palm oil? A．To get more palmitic acid. B．To cut down the expense of feed. C．To protect cows against diseases. D．To meet the demand for butter. 2．What can be known from Paragraph 2? A．Increased supplements lead to less milk. B．Canadians care little about the dairy industry C．The public are dependent on experts’ advice. D．DFC’s guarantee receives no desired result. 3．Why is the author anxious about the use of palm oil? A．For the potential health risks. B．For the environmental concerns. C．For the low output of palm trees. D．For the waste of food resources. 4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about concerning palm oil? A．Why it is badly needed. B．How it boosts the food industry. C．What industrial development it leads to. D．How it is produced. 5．What is the author’s attitude towards some organizations and big brands’ action? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Objective. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过为了增加牛奶中的乳脂含量而给奶牛喂食从棕榈油中提取的补充剂引出话题，讲述了人们的担忧，以及作者的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The practice partly responds to the increasing demand for butter during the pandemic when the number of milk cows has not increased accordingly.(这种做法在一定程度上是为了应对疫情期间对黄油需求的增加，而奶牛的数量并没有相应增加。)”可知，给奶牛喂食棕榈油补充剂是为了满足人们对黄油的需求。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Experts of DFC guarantee that the milk products are safe and that the amounts of supplements used are very small. But based on Canadians’ concern over the link between butter and palm oil, it appears more complicated. (DFC的专家保证牛奶产品是安全的，而且所用的补充剂数量很少。但基于加拿大人对黄油和棕榈油之间联系的担忧，这似乎更为复杂。)”可知，虽然DFC做出了保证，但由于加拿大人对黄油和棕榈油之间联系的担忧，这种保证并没有得到人们的认可。由此可推测出，DFC的保证没有得到想要的结果。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“People are concerned about the nutrition question, for too much palmitic acid is associated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste of milk, which is a headache for many food producers. But those are not what disturb me.(人们关心营养问题，因为过多的棕榈酸会导致心脏病。此外，棕榈脂肪会改变牛奶的味道，这是许多食品生产商头疼的问题。但这些并没有让我感到不安。)”可知，作者对棕榈油带来的营养问题、口味问题并没有很在意，所以下文的内容是作者真正在意的问题。结合下文“In fact, palm oil has a bad reputation for driving deforestation, particularly in Southeast Asia, which produces 85% of the world’s palm oil supply. The rapid expansion of palm oil has destroyed habitats for many wild animals. Fires are set to replace jungles with palm trees, polluting the air, and some are impossible to put out.(事实上，棕榈油因助长森林砍伐而名声不佳，尤其是在东南亚，那里的棕榈油供应量占世界的85%。棕榈油的迅速膨胀破坏了许多野生动物的栖息地。大火将用棕榈树取代丛林，污染空气，有些无法扑灭。)”可知，棕榈油致使森林砍伐、野生动物栖息地破坏、空气污染，这些环境问题让作者对使用棕榈油感到担心。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Despite the harmful effects palm oil may bring about, palm oil is found in roughly 50% of the products sold in supermarkets.(尽管棕榈油可能会带来有害影响，但在超市销售的产品中，约有50%含有棕榈油。)”可知，超市销售的产品中大约有一半都含有棕榈油，这说明它需求量很大，下文“It is cheap to produce and stays solid at room temperature, making it perfect for baked and packaged foods. It has a high cooking temperature and smoke point, providing ạ smooth mouthfeel. It’s also added to make-up, cleaning products, chocolate, fuels, and more.(它生产成本低，在室温下保持固体，非常适合烘焙和包装食品。它具有较高的烹饪温度和冒烟点，提供顺滑的口感。它还被添加到化妆品、清洁产品、巧克力、燃料等中。)”讲述了棕榈油的特点以及广泛的使用范围，由此可推测出，本段主要讲述了棕榈油需求量大的原因。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some organizations are making efforts to clean up the palm oil industry through various practices. Big brands are formally warned when their palm oil suppliers engage in illegal expansion, which in turn has driven them to take action, even if their action seems inadequate currently. (一些组织正在通过各种做法努力整顿棕榈油行业。当大品牌的棕榈油供应商进行非法扩张时，他们会受到正式警告，这反过来又迫使它们采取行动，即使他们目前的行动似乎不够充分。)”和“There’s hope on the horizon(希望就在眼前)”可知，一些组织正在努力整顿棕榈油行业，而且一些大品牌棕榈油供应商会采取行动，作者认为希望就在眼前，由此可推测出，作者对他们的行动表示支持。故选C。 Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. Many scientists shared the commonsense expectation that as permafrost melted, lakes would at first expand with meltwater flowing into them. Eventually, researchers made a prediction that progressive warming during the 21st and 22nd centuries would dry out the Arctic, and lakes would begin to shrink. But now it looks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sooner than predicted. A case in point is that some large, age-old lakes shrank dramatically in what appears to have been a matter of months. Scientists have labeled this phenomenon “disastrous lake loss” What caused this? The frozen solid ground actually contains bits of rock, mineral and organic matter, leaving spaces in between. And because these spaces are filled with solid ice, liquid water cannot readily get inside, but it can when the permafrost melts, allowing more water to get through. Soon after that, around 192 lakes in northwestern Alaska are gone from sight. Why did scientists miss this? One probable reason is that most climate models assume that the melting of permafrost is driven only by warming air. New evidence suggests, however, that rainfall — particularly increasing autumn rain — is now contributing significantly to permafrost loss. The rainfall carries heat into the ground. Yet none of the existing models includes such processes. That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 2．Contrary to the general expectation, climate change has caused ________. A．a rapid rise of water surface B．the permafrost to melt faster C．many Arctic lakes to grow larger D．the disappearance of many Arctic lakes 3．The disastrous climatic impacts on the Arctic region have been ________. A．proved with emerging lakes B．underestimated by scientists C．well predicted by researchers D．shown elsewhere in the world 4．Why is the frozen Arctic ground hard for water to get through? A．Because of the solid ice within it. B．Because of its unique composition. C．Because it is far away from the waters. D．Because snow rarely melts on frozen ground. 5．What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．Direct observation is a must for scientific research. B．Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities. C．New evidence should be found to back up research findings. D．Scientific predictions should be mostly based on research models. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，表明了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know.(研究有时会用数据证明我们或多或少已经知道的事情。)”和“Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us.(尽管如此，有时我们的假设是不正确的，科学发现让研究人员和我们其他人感到惊讶。)”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing.(你可能会认为这些湖泊会扩大，而不是消失。)”和“Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away.(然而，最近科学家们不仅观察到湖泊在萎缩，而且还观察到湖泊已经完全消失。)”可知，与人们的普遍预期相反，气候变化已经引起了许多北极湖泊的消失。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“But now it looks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sooner than predicted.(但现在看来，北极湖泊的消失似乎比预测的要早一个世纪。)”可知，对比之前科学家的预测，一些北极湖泊似乎消失得要快很多，可见灾难性的气候对北极地区的影响一直被科学家低估了。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“And because these spaces are filled with solid ice, liquid water cannot readily get inside,(因为这些空间充满了固体冰，液态水不容易进入，)”可知，因为冻土层中的空间里充满了坚实的冰，导致液体水无法进入。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world.(这是一个很好的例子——说明为什么不管我们的例子有多复杂，或者有一天可能会复杂——我们都需要直接观察自然世界。)”可知，文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，让我们学到了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。故选A。 Passage 2 （2024·天津·高考真题）Staring at the bookcases in my study, packed with so many great books that had remained unread, I heard a loud voice in my head — “Shame on you! How can you leave these masterpieces unread?” The first book I picked up was Montaigne's Essays. To my surprise I discovered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my own faded hand-writing. So I was actually reading it again, but what I was rereading seemed entirely new. I also found sentences underlined. Only this time I wondered: Why did I underline this sentence? It's the next one that is important! Clearly, my way of reading the text had shifted, and I myself had changed over the years. This raised the larger question of rereading. It comes in many forms. There’s voluntary rereading, the result of a willful decision to revisit a book one has admired, or a book that has left one with some unanswered questions. This kind of planned revisit could also be for confirming certain details in the text, or for checking on the moves of a given character. A devoted teacher might also wish to refresh his closeness to a work, and thus avoid teaching through the same old written notes with soporific (让人瞌睡的) effects. Contrarily, there’s involuntary rereading. The original reading was either forgotten or so totally absorbed that the new chance encounter with the text produced surprise and astonishment. My reaction to the renewed reading no longer corresponded to the original experience, and I was no longer sure that I recognized myself as the same reader. Then there are what one might call subconscious (潜意识的) rereadings, those that occur without the specific act of reading, much as the memory of a tune can keep coming back to the mind without its actually being heard again. This form of remembered contact with a book can accompany us during a lifetime and continue to strengthen and shape us. Much in the same manner, we may over the years recite to ourselves poems learnt by heart long ago, which have become part of our self-recognition. All of these ways of reading are valuable. Renewed contact with a novel or a poem can activate the search for a better knowledge of the self. The new reading, a form of revision, uncovers the change in us. The newness is not in the text. It is we who have evolved. In the process of rereading, our outlook has also been significantly changed. Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light. 1．What did the author find when reading Montaigne’s Essays? A．He still couldn't understand it. B．He had made notes in it. C．It was a brand new copy. D．It was his favorite work. 2．According to the author, what could be a purpose of voluntary rereading? A．To improve the quality of teaching. B．To learn from admirable characters. C．To collect details for writing novels. D．To help making important decisions. 3．According to Paragraph 4, involuntary rereading can bring about? A．Unexpected reading experience. B．Total concentration on new books. C．Changed preferences for books. D．Enhanced reading skills. 4．What can be learnt about subconscious rereading? A．It prevents memory from fading. B．It helps make who we are. C．It involves actual reading. D．It works best with poetry and music. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Accessing Masterpieces through Rereading B．Rereading: Voluntary or Involuntary? C．Rereading: Pursuit of Truth D．Transformative Power of Rereading 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自己对重新阅读的感悟和想法，认为重新阅读能更好地了解自我，能让我们以新的眼光来看待周围的世界，包括自己。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The first book I picked up was Montaigne's Essays. To my surprise I discovered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my own faded hand-writing.(我拿起的第一本书就是Montaigne的散文。令我惊讶的是，我在页边空白处发现了明显是我自己褪色的笔记。)”可知，作者惊讶地发现书的空白处是自己之前的笔记，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A devoted teacher might also wish to refresh his closeness to a work, and thus avoid teaching through the same old written notes with soporific (让人瞌睡的) effects.(一位敬业的教师可能也希望重新建立与工作的亲密关系，因此避免通过具有催眠效果的相同的旧笔记来进行教学。)”可知，教师通过主动再读更新内容，提高教学质量是主动再读的目的之一，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Contrarily, there’s involuntary rereading. The original reading was either forgotten or so totally absorbed that the new chance encounter with the text produced surprise and astonishment. My reaction to the renewed reading no longer corresponded to the original experience, and I was no longer sure that I recognized myself as the same reader. (相反，有一种非主动再读。原来的阅读要么被遗忘，要么完全被吸收，以至于与文本的新的偶遇产生了惊讶和震惊。我对重新阅读的反应不再符合最初的体验，我也不再确定我是否认出自己是同一个读者。)”可知，非主动再读能让读者感到与最初体验不符合的反应，因此能带来意料之外的阅读体验，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“This form of remembered contact with a book can accompany us during a lifetime and continue to strengthen and shape us. Much in the same manner, we may over the years recite to ourselves poems learnt by heart long ago, which have become part of our self-recognition.(这种与书的记忆联系可以伴随我们一生，并继续加强和塑造我们。同样地，多年来，我们可能会背诵很久以前背下来的诗，这些诗已经成为我们认知的一部分。)”可知，潜意识再读有助于进一步塑造自我，是我们认知的一部分，故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light.(重新阅读使我们能够以新的眼光看待周围的世界，包括我们自己。)”和后文对重新阅读的介绍可知，文章主要论述了重新阅读的重要意义，即再读具有提升读者对作品、自我及世界认知的力量，故D项 “Transformative Power of Rereading(重新阅读的变革力量)” 符合文章标题，故选D。 Passage 3 （2023·天津·高考真题）Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail. And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination. Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world. This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them. 1．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”? A．A child's imaginary world. B．Voices of Mom or Dad. C．An ancient art form. D．Factual stories. 2．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author? A．Form and style. B．Facts and figures. C．Emotional and physical details. D．A series of events and characters. 3．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning? A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge. B．It is more widely available to young learners. C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions. D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting. 4．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us? A．By offering us more opportunities to know people. B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world. C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it. D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination. 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The History of Storytelling B．The Power of Storytelling C．The Forms of Storytelling D．The Art of Storytelling 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. (也许当你想到讲故事时，你首先想到的就是爸爸妈妈给你讲王子、城堡和怪物的故事，每个角色都有独特的声音，在你脑海中形成的幻想世界。)”可知，当提到“讲故事”时，我们会想到一个孩子的想象世界。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But they usually   have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. (但它们通常都有一些共同点：故事有情节，也有人物形象，而不是一长串枯燥的事实。)”可知，作者认为，一系列的事件和人物是所有叙事中的共同元素，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。研究发现，从一个讲得很好的故事中获得的知识比从事实和数据中获得的知识记忆得更准确，时间也更长。)”可知，讲故事比仅仅陈述事实更能促进学习，这是因为它使所学到的知识更加精确和持久。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”可知，他人的故事让我们以他们看待世界的方式来理解世界，这会让我们受益，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. (与我们想象的不同，讲故事不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，也是一种学习方式。)”，第四段中“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。)”，第五段中“And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”和第六段中“This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. (讲故事的这个方面——呈现出一个不同的世界观——对于彼此之间的联系来说是很重要的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处，B项“讲故事的力量”适合作文章标题，故选B。 Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 2．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 5．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2023·天津·高考真题）Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect — coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life. In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before  correcting the mistake. Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion. Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions. The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger. The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting,meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________. A．a routine warning B．a popular misbelief C．a commonly-held view D．a theoretical assumption 2．What can be learnt about the experiment? A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning. B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning. C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning. D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects. 3．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______. A．disappointing performances B．greater creative power C．the discovery of problems D．the admission of weaknesses 4．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Challenge of Derring B．Erring Prevents Failure C．To Err is Fruitful D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在学习中，我们总是害怕犯错，甚至为犯错而感到羞耻、焦虑。但新研究发现，犯错对学习来说并不是洪水猛兽，甚至，故意犯错还能促进学习进步。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future.(大多数有理智的人都会接受我们能够而且应该从偶然的失败中吸取教训。毕竟，如果不偶尔犯错，任何事情都不可能取得进步。通过了解我们是如何滑倒的，我们可以避免在未来摔倒)”可知，第一段作者提出了一个人们普遍认为的观点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions.(当然，你会认为错误的增加会增加不必要的混乱。然而事实恰恰相反：故意犯错误的参与者学到的知识是简单抄写正确定义的人的两倍)”可知，添加故意错误有助于学习。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive.( 如果学生想方设法把那些错误的笔记发展成更有吸引力的东西，这种有趣的方法可以激发他们作文的创造力)”可知，根据作者的观点，使用第5段中提到的方法可能会激发学生产生更大的创造力。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce.(但是，为什么不试着打破这些习惯，为了改变而故意做一些“错误”的事情，看看你的大胆之举会把你带向何方？如果你正在绘画，同时，你可以放下你通常对你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品)”可推知，作者可能会鼓励你在绘画时尝试非常规的色彩。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect — coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.(然而，很少有人会主张犯故意的错误。然而，有意识地犯错可以促进更深刻的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为大胆效应——来自“故意犯错”——如果运用得当，它可能会在生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处)”可知，文章主要介绍了新研究发现，犯错对学习来说并不是洪水猛兽，甚至，故意犯错还能促进学习进步。由此可知，C项“To Err is Fruitful(故意犯错，收获颇丰)挑战主动犯错”适合做文章标题。故选C。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录 01 课标达标练 考向1 标题归纳题 考向2 文章大意题 考向3 段落大意题 02 真题溯源练 考向1 标题归纳题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·三模）“Keep your eyes on the road ahead,” my driving instructor said. “You go in the direction you look.”I remembered the remark several years later, when my mom and I reached a crossroads in our writing careers. We’d been writing separately, not making much progress toward our goal of getting published. One day, Mom suggested we write a romance novel together. She thought it would be fun and less tiring if we took turns, since there’d always be something to build from. The idea was appealing and we decided to give it a try. Working together made the process much easier and a lot more fun. We both looked forward to getting to the computer to see what twists(转折)and turns had taken place while we were gone. We both also wanted to make sure the work we left during our respective time was as interesting as we could make it. We finished the first book and began sending it to publishers. Though we got some good comments, rejections piled up(堆积)：Where’s the romance? Sorry, not for us. From experience, we knew the best way to keep from brooding over disappointment: Start a second book. Once finished, we bravely sent off our second effort—and did no better. Then the third…After yet another rejection, Mom grew disheartened, wondering if we should give up. Suddenly my driving instructor’s words came back to me. I said, “Maybe we ought to look where we’re going.” I continued, “It’s like driving. We’ve taken our eyes off the reason we started writing together. We want to be published, sure, but the main reason was to have fun doing what we both enjoy.” “You’re right.” Mom let out a long breath. “I haven’t been having fun for quite a while. Maybe we should write something we truly love. You know, we only started writing romances because they’re popular. There’s no real heart in our stories. ” The SkyHorse, our young adult novel, was published last year. 1．How did the author feel about writing with her mother? A．Wonderful. B．Nervous. C．Amused. D．Embarrassed. 2．What does the underlined part “brooding over” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Preparing fully for. B．Learning quickly from. C．Worrying deeply about. D．Complaining openly about. 3．What role did the driving instructor’s words play in the author and her mother’s writing career? A．They gave them inspiration of their next book. B．They stopped them from writing a book together. C．They reminded them of their original intention of writing. D．They encouraged them not to give up writing despite criticism. 4．What led to the author and her mother successfully publishing The SkyHorse? A．Writing for young adults. B．Choosing a popular theme. C．Improving their editing process. D．Focusing on their genuine interests. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．A journey to romance B．Benefits of potential cowriting C．Going where you look D．Spreading joy through writing Passage 2 （2025·天津·模拟预测）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. Half a century after the Apollo programme, a private spacecraft Nova-C made the first touchdown on the moon successfully, bearing scientific instruments, microfiche (微缩胶片) story disks, cameras, and sculptures to stay on the moon forever. Its success would promise many more. Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it. For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads (有酬负载) for other customers. Items bound to raise various objections, such as human remains and dehydrated (脱水的) water bears from past missions, have caused concerns about biological materials on the moon. There’re a lot more planned for future launches, likely sparking further debate. Before this decade is out, with a powerful enough telescope, you may be able to see evidence of human construction or even habitation on the moon. In 2023, the global space industry was valued at $469 billion, expected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data. “We are now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,” a report read. A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 1．What is the author’s concern about the moon’s future? A．Unregulated commercial activities. B．Illegal human construction. C．Limited payload carried to the moon. D．A lack of scientific missions. 2．The “tipping point” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change ______. A．from cooperation to competition B．from science to trade C．from lunar landing to settlement D．from fantasy to adventure 3．What is the main reason for the rapid growth of the global space industry according to the passage? A．The increasing investment in science fiction-themed projects. B．The development of more powerful telescopes for lunar observation. C．The growing use of satellites in multiple fields. D．The successful implementation of the voluntary lunar cooperation agreement. 4．What can we infer from this passage? A．Lunar resource exploration holds great promise. B．Massive investment is beneficial to lunar development. C．Non-scientific activities can test lunar environmental limits. D．The existing agreement is insufficient in controlling over-exploitation. 5．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility Passage 3 （2025·天津宝坻·二模）AI in Agriculture Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Farming The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming practices, offering innovative solutions to challenges like climate change, labor shortages, and food security. Here are key applications of AI in modern agriculture: Precision Farming AI-powered sensors and drones collect real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to optimize irrigation, fertilizer use, and pest control. For example, a farmer in California reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigation systems. Crop Disease Detection AI image recognition tools can identify plant diseases early by analyzing photos of leaves or fruits. A study by the University of Tokyo showed that AI systems achieved 98% accuracy in detecting tomato blight, far surpassing human capabilities. Autonomous Farming Equipment Self-driving tractors and harvesters equipped with AI navigate fields, plant seeds, and harvest crops with minimal human intervention. These machines use GPS and computer vision to avoid obstacles and ensure precise operations. Yield Prediction By processing historical data, weather patterns, and satellite imagery, AI models predict crop yields months in advance. This helps governments and organizations plan food distribution and prevent shortages. In India, AI-based predictions helped farmers increase wheat production by 15% in 2024. Livestock Monitoring Wearable AI devices track animal health, detecting illnesses or stress through changes in movement, temperature, or vocalizations. Dairy farms in the Netherlands reported a 20% drop in cattle mortality after adopting AI monitoring systems: Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant of challenges AI adoption faces, such as high initial costs and the need for digital infrastructure in rural areas. However, as technology becomes more accessible, AI is poised (保持) to play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. 1．What is the main purpose of AI in precision farming? A．To replace human farmers entirely B．To increase the price of agricultural products C．To reduce water and fertilizer usage through data analysis D．To eliminate the need for sunlight 2．How do AI tools help in crop disease detection? A．By planting disease-resistant seeds automatically B．By predicting future weather patterns C．By creating new chemical pesticides D．By analyzing images of plants to identify issues 3．The word “vigilant” in last Paragraph most likely means, ________. A．Careless B．outdated C．watchful D．expensive 4．What can be inferred about AI’s future in agriculture? A．It will only benefit large-scale farms. B．Its widespread use depends on addressing cost and infrastructure issues. C．It will make traditional farming methods obsolete within a year. D．It has no significant impact on food security. 5．Which title best summarizes the passage? A．“The History of Traditional Farming” B．“Animal Health in the Digital Age” C．“Problems with Modern Technology” D．“How AI Is Shaping the Future of Agriculture” Passage 4 （2025·天津·二模）In today’s closely-connected world, silence is rare and undervalued. From morning to night, we are flooded with notifications, social media, and distractions. But at what cost? Constant engagement consumes our time and disturbs peace of mind. However, silence is of great significance nowadays. Silence is as essential to mental health as nutrients are to physical well-being. We carefully choose what we eat but rarely consider the mental input we absorb. Just as our bodies need rest, our minds need quiet to slow down, process information, and restore cognitive (认知的) energy. Yet, the myth of multitasking makes this difficult. Studies show it reduces efficiency and focus by forcing the brain to switch between tasks, consuming mental resources. We have grown so used to life’s constant stimulation that stillness feels uncomfortable. However, absence of constant stimulation allows the brain to ease stress, enhance concentration and spark creativity. Even a brief pause, like watching the clouds, can help reset the mind. As artist Leonard Koren noted, silence is “an emptiness full of possibilities”. Modern life fills us with sensory overload. Screens flash, notifications demand attention, and artificial noise fills every space. Recognizing this, many turn to nature for relief. For example, the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku has been shown to lower stress, reduce blood pressure and improve cognition. Natural settings, with their soft sounds and quiet atmosphere, provide a much-needed comfort zone for the mind. Yet, true silence is increasingly difficult to approach. Whether at work, home or even on vacation, we remain constantly connected. The habitual urge to reach for our phones during spare time reveals our discomfort with stillness. But silence is not an absence — it is a space for reflection and self-connection. Small steps, like turning off notifications for an hour or walking without a phone, help cultivate stillness. Over time, these moments become essential for mental and emotional well-being. In a world demanding constant connectivity, seeking silence is an act of self-preservation. Next time you feel the urge to check your phone, pause. Sit in silence. Your mind will thank you. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ________. A．an imaginary scene B．the brief conclusion C．a vivid example D．the main topic 2．According to the passage, how does multitasking affect the brain? A．It enhances cognitive energy. B．It increases the brain’s capacity. C．It lowers focus and efficiency. D．It chooses our mental output. 3．How does the author view modern life’s constant stimulation? A．As a source of stress and distraction. B．As something necessary in daily life. C．As something beneficial to mental health. D．As a way to connect with others. 4．What might the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku be? A．Film watching. B．Forest bathing. C．Vehicle noises. D．Amusement parks. 5．What might be the best title of the passage? A．Multitasking: a Solution to Silence B．Emptiness: a Limit for Possibilities C．Silence: Well-being to Embrace D．Connectivity: Space for Silence 考向2 文章大意题 Passage 1 （24-25高三上·天津滨海新·期中）Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation. When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial. Ask the other person to recite and repeat. You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names. Admit you don’t know. Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?” Use associations. Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng--tall, black hair.” To reinforce your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible. Limit the number of new names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early. Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you. 1．When you repeat people’s names, you should do it in a ______ way. A．forced B．artificial C．natural D．familiar 2．How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names? A．They will be moved. B．They will be annoyed. C．They will be delighted. D．They will be discouraged. 3．If you can’t remember someone’s name, you may ______ A．tell him the truth B．tell him a white lie C．ask him for pity D．ask others to help you 4．When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember ______ A．all their names B．a couple of names first C．just their last names D．as many names as possible 5．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Tips on an important social skill. B．Importance of attending parties. C．How to make use of associations. D．How to recite and repeat names. Passage 2 （2024·天津武清·模拟预测）To put it simply, stress can be the father of growth, while a crisis can be the mother of innovation. The notion that great good can emerge from great adversity (逆境) is as old as the legend of the great phoenix (凤凰), who not only arises but soars to new heights from its own ashes. In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As You Like It. One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, “Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case? Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the “talkies”(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. She once noted, “You may have a fresh start any moment you choose, for this thing that we call ‘failure’ is not the falling down, but the staying down.” Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity. Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings. In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Behold the Man, the German philosopher writes that a person who has “turned out well” could be recognized by the ability to take advantage of and prosper from adversity, just as he wrote before, “What does not kill him makes him stronger.” So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success? 1．Why does the author quote the line from Shakespeare’s play? A．To emphasize the great wisdom of Shakespeare. B．To highlight the beauty of Shakespeare’s language. C．To challenge the conventional belief regarding adversity. D．To show the long-standing recognition of adversity’s value. 2．What is conveyed through Mary Pickford’s story? A．Fame can block one’s achievements. B．Strong determination overcomes adversity. C．Accepting adversity results in positive outcomes. D．Courage in the face of challenges leads to success. 3．What is the idea behind Krumboltz’s happenstance theory? A．Embracing uncertainty. B．Managing life’s challenges. C．Seizing hidden opportunities. D．Focusing on personal growth. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards adversity? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Finding value and opportunity in facing adversity. B．Stress as the primary cause of growth and innovation. C．How to avoid adversity and negative experiences in life. D．Historical figures who failed to overcome adversity effectively. Passage 3 （2023·天津河北·一模）Brian Hamilton used to occupy himself with a six-figure job, but his life changed in a prison when he was accompanying his friend, Reverend Robert J. Harris, who often went to local prisons to do his work. During the visit, Hamilton started talking to one of the prisoners and asked what he was going to do when he got out. “He said he was going to get a job,” Hamilton says. “I thought to myself, wow, that’s going to be difficult.” The conversation made Hamilton consider how prisoners could benefit from operating their own business, something he thought about for years. Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial conversation, Hamilton created Inmates to Entrepreneurs, a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses. “Harris and I taught our first course at a prison called ‘How to Start Your Own Business When You Get Out’,” he says. At the time, Hamilton was building his own company, Sageworks. He was the chairman and co-founder of Sageworks. As Sageworks grew, so did Hamilton’s time spent teaching at prisons throughout North Carolina. Eventually, Hamilton decided it was time to change his focus to his true passion. In May 2018, he sold his stake (股份) in Sageworks, focusing his commitment on Inmates to Entrepreneurs. “Now, anyone is able to access the course, either to become a teacher to go into prisons to teach it or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population,” Hamilton explains. In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the course to at-risk students to lead the so-called bad students to the right path. The free course is funded by the Brian Hamilton Foundation, which offers help to soldiers as they adjust to civilian life and provides loans to small businesses. “We’re giving prisoners something they can do independent of a system that isn’t working for them. If you can make people know that other people care about them, it will make a difference.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．Hamilton lost his six-figure job. B．Harris often visited local prisons to interview. C．Hamilton’s life changed after visiting a prison. D．Harris was optimistic about prisoners’ job prospects. 2．What does the passage say about Inmates to Entrepreneurs? A．It is often short of prison teachers. B．It provides loans to at-risk students. C．It’s independent of the social system. D．Its course has been largely broadened. 3．What can we know about Hamilton? A．He often went to prisons before 2008. B．He tried to prevent possible crimes in advance. C．He wrote a book titled “How to Start Your Own Business”. D．He gave away his company to those who were released from prison. 4．What does Hamilton value? A．Offering care to others. B．Giving trust to strangers. C．Showing respect for teachers. D．Providing education for children. 5．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage? A．A man made a fruitless visit to the prison. B．A man sold his business to teach prisoners. C．A man realized his dream of being a teacher. D．A man successfully created two organisations. Passage 4 （22-23高三下·天津武清·开学考试）From talking robots and video phones to rovers (探测器) on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet—we still have no cure for the common cold. Why can’t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒), Scientific American reported. There are at least 160 types. They mutate so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold. However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome (基因组) one by one for thousands of cell. These modified cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses (肠道病毒), including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase (甲基转移酶) SETD3. Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection,” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC．” These mice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection. “Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance,” said Carette. “This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletion,” he added. 1．What does the underlined word ”mutate” mean in English? A．To change a new form. B．To identify a new gene. C．To check a modified cell. D．To cure a viral infection. 2．What is the article mainly about? A．Why it is so hard to cure the common cold. B．The possible link between rhinoviruses and the common cold. C．A possible way to stop viral infections that cause the common cold. D．The functions of a protein needed by viruses. 3．What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses? A．It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies. B．It allows the viruses to change easily. C．It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs. D．It increases the spread of the viruses. 4．What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study? A．Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein. B．The modified cells seemed to protect the mice against viral infections. C．More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified. D．The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses. 5．What do the researchers plan to do next, according to Carette? A．Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans. B．Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein. C．Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses. D．Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. 考向3 段落大意题 Passage 1 （2025·天津·模拟预测）If you’re new to a school or you have a tendency to be shy or tend to not get out of your comfort zone, making new friends at school might seem like a challenge. Luckily, you can overcome that challenge by looking for people with the same interests as you and by being friendly when you meet new people. Step 1 Look for people who have the same hobbies as you. You’re more likely to be friends with someone if you have something in common with them. Try to find clubs or groups based on your favorite hobbies, then join them to meet like-minded people. Also, pay attention to people who spend their free time doing the same things you love to do. If you love to draw, for instance, you could register for an art class, attend art shows, or look for people who are doodling(涂鸦) during math class. Step 2 Spend time around people who show kindness. Finding someone who will treat you well and support you is more important than popularity. Avoid spending time with people who talk bad about others or put them down. Instead, look for people who invite others to sit with them at lunch, who encourage others when they speak up in class, or who are always willing to help when someone needs a hand. When you’re around someone, you should feel comfortable acting like yourself around them. A friend should never make you feel bad for being who you are. Step 3 Make new friends through your current friends. If you already have a few friends but you’ re looking to meet more people, try getting to know the other people your friends know. If you don’t have a chance to hang out during the school day, try setting up a group event after school or on the weekends. This can be as informal as walking home together, or it can be a planned activity everyone can participate in. Step 4 Introduce yourself to new people whenever possible. When you’ re around someone you don’t know, it can be tempting (不自禁) to just sit there quietly, especially if you’ re shy. However, you and the other person will both be more comfortable after a simple introduction. Make eye contact with the person, smile, and try to seem warm and relaxed instead of nervous or anxious. Then, break the ice by talking about whatever is going on around you. 1．Which of the following poses a challenge for making friends at school? A．The willingness to find people with similar interests. B．Always daring to step out of your comfort zone. C．Only being friendly to people you know well. D．A relatively shy personality. 2．To meet like-minded people, you should __________. A．paint in your spare time B．doodle in math class C．start a group based on your favorite hobby D．join a club that interests you 3．What do we learn about from Paragraph 3? A．We should be with people who put others down. B．Stay away from people who invite people to lunch. C．A true friend doesn’t make you feel bad. D．Speaking should be encouraged in class. 4．What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 4? A．We should often organize group activities. B．We can make new friends through existing ones. C．We should hang out sometime. D．We can try walking home with our classmates together every day. 5．To break the awkwardness of being with a stranger you should ________. A．start by introducing yourself B．avoid making eye contact with the person C．keep sitting quietly D．start by talking about what’s going on around you Passage 2 （2025·天津河北·一模）Progress is something that everyone looks forward to, whether in personal life or in society. It represents our ability to change and improve the way we live. Progress is often linked to better ways of doing things. However, this idea of progress holds true only if we embrace technology and continuously seek more efficient ways of doing things. Yet, for many people, especially those who long for the “good old days”, progress inevitably comes with sacrifices. With the rise of new technology, efficiency has greatly improved. Communication, for example, has become much more efficient. Today, people can connect with each other instantly, no matter where they are in the world. With just a click of a button, we can talk or even see each other without leaving our homes. Personal visits, where we spend time together in real life, have become less common. With mobile phones and tablets, people often no longer make the effort to visit friends and family in person, even though face-to-face interactions hold unique value in building closer relationships. Another area where progress brings both benefits and challenges is in mass production. Factories today are much more efficient, thanks to machines and automation. This has allowed goods to be produced in large quantities with greater accuracy than human hands could ever achieve. However, the downside is that this efficiency often comes at the cost of the “personal touch”. Many items that were once handcrafted are now produced in factories. While mass production allows supply to meet demand quickly, it often leads to a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, for example, are unique and full of character, but mass-produced versions lack individuality and the same level of craftsmanship. Despite these challenges, it is important not to view progress from a one-sided perspective. In fact, progress has also allowed tradition to survive. Modern technology can help preserve old products and techniques, ensuring that traditional crafts are not lost. Through new technology, many old products can be revived and brought back to their original state. Ultimately, it is people’s attitude towards progress that determines the influence technology has on society. Technology itself is flexible — it can be used in various ways depending on how we choose to apply it. The greatest challenges of progress come from those who are unwilling to adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use progress in a way that fits our needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past. 1．According to Paragraph 1, what is necessary for progress to occur? A．Rejecting new ideas. B．Holding on to traditional ways. C．Pursuing comfort over innovation. D．Accepting technology and advances steadily. 2．The examples in Paragraph 2 illustrate____________. A．efficiency improvements often come with a price B．technology presents few significant drawbacks C．the “good old days” offered greater efficiency D．face-to-face interactions are unnecessary 3．What does the author say about mass production? A．It has lacked great accuracy. B．It has increased product costs. C．It has reduced individuality in products. D．It has entirely replaced handcrafted items. 4．What is the author’s view on the relationship between progress and tradition? A．Progress often destroys tradition. B．Progress can help protect tradition. C．Progress weakens traditional values. D．Progress and tradition cannot exist together. 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Technology must be applied in a fixed manner. B．Progress should be adapted to meet societal needs. C．People tend to look back on the past with deep regret. D．The impact of technology depends on people’s attitude. Passage 3 （2024·天津和平·一模）The world is full of advice on how to get a good night’s sleep, but sometimes doing so just isn’t possible. If you are struggling with a sleep disorder, are a shift worker or have a baby who. wakes every few hours, being told how to sleep well can be annoying. For others, despite feeling exhausted all day, a fourth episode of your favorite TV series can seem more appealing than going to bed. How do you know if you are sleep-deprived? For some people, the answer will be obvious; for others, it may be less so. Russell Foster, a professor at the University of Oxford, specifies three signs that you are probably not getting enough sleep: “Feeling that you don’t perform at your peak during the day; oversleeping on free days; or craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.” “Lack of good sleep can cause an imbalance in your appetite hormones,” says Martin Meadows, a registered dietitian: “The hormone ghrelin, which causes you to feel hungry, increases and the hormone leptin, which signals that you are full; decreases.” As Meadows says: “It’s a perfect storm where we want to eat more and we don’t know when to stop, combined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived our willpower is lower, arid it all becomes pretty tricky. Poor sleep, or sleep deprivation (匮乏), leads to an increased likelihood of poor lifestyle choices. Many of us get stuck in the habit of eating junk food, and the knock-on effect is that the junk food disturbs our sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s more stimulating.” “Short term, you can get away with the negative influence of sleep deprivation of you,” says Foster. “It’s in the long term that things start to fall apart.” He catalogues the ill effects: “Your cognitive performance. drops with accumulated sleep deprivation—your communication skills, your decision-making skills, your memory.” There is also an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, depression and psychosis. Fortunately, according to Meadows, most of us could do with an extra hour to an hour and a half of sleep each night to cope with sleep deprivation. And if you had a bad night’s sleep, Meadows recommends “making a conscious effort to choose foods such as wholegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help you feel full while limiting your overall energy intake.” 1．The examples given in the first paragraph are intended to ______. A．list reasons why people hate advice on good sleep B．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivation C．present the factual phenomenon of lack of sleep D．form a contrast with the following paragraphs 2．How does lack of good sleep affect appetite according to Martin Meadows? A．It disturbs the feeling of being hungry or full. B．It ruins your appetite instead of feeling hungry. C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleeping D．It has no impact on appetite hormones. 3．Which of the following message is conveyed by Meadows in paragraph.4? A．When it’s stormy outside, we crave for junk food and a good night sleep. B．When we feel under the weather, we should eat less and sleep more. C．We should combine healthy eating with regular sleep together. D．Bad eating and sleep deprivation contributes to each other. 4．Which of the following may, NOT be a consequence of sleep deprivation? A．Irregular heartbeat. B．Failing memory. C．Poor decision-making. D．Bad choices of lifestyle. 5．People lacking sleep are encouraged to ______. A．sleep for as long as they want during the day B．watch one episode of their favorite TV series C．prevent yourself from energy intake each night D．consume food rich in fiber and water Passage 4 （23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Reports have emerged recently of cows being fed supplements (补充剂) obtained from palm oil (棕榈油) to increase the butterfat content of milk. The practice partly responds to the increasing demand for butter during the pandemic when the number of milk cows has not increased accordingly. Thus, palmitic acid supplements, obtained from imported palm oil are given to cows. According to Dairy (乳品业的) Farmers of Canada(DFC), it is used in other countries as well to “provide energy to cows without undesirable effects”. Experts of DFC guarantee that the milk products are safe and that the amounts of supplements used are very small. But based on Canadians’ concern over the link between butter and palm oil, it appears more complicated. Lots of Canadians have been deliberately trying to avoid palm oil in diets, only to realize that palm oil is being used in the dairy industry. People are concerned about the nutrition question, for too much palmitic acid is associated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste of milk, which is a headache for many food producers. But those are not what disturb me. In fact, palm oil has a bad reputation for driving deforestation, particularly in Southeast Asia, which produces 85% of the world’s palm oil supply. The rapid expansion of palm oil has destroyed habitats for many wild animals. Fires are set to replace jungles with palm trees, polluting the air, and some are impossible to put out. Despite the harmful effects palm oil may bring about, palm oil is found in roughly 50% of the products sold in supermarkets. It is cheap to produce and stays solid at room temperature, making it perfect for baked and packaged foods. It has a high cooking temperature and smoke point, providing ạ smooth mouthfeel. It’s also added to make-up, cleaning products, chocolate, fuels, and more. Some organizations are making efforts to clean up the palm oil industry through various practices. Big brands are formally warned when their palm oil suppliers engage in illegal expansion, which in turn has driven them to take action, even if their action seems inadequate currently. There’s hope on the horizon, but the palm oil industry is still one I won’t give support to. 1．Why are cows fed supplements made from palm oil? A．To get more palmitic acid. B．To cut down the expense of feed. C．To protect cows against diseases. D．To meet the demand for butter. 2．What can be known from Paragraph 2? A．Increased supplements lead to less milk. B．Canadians care little about the dairy industry C．The public are dependent on experts’ advice. D．DFC’s guarantee receives no desired result. 3．Why is the author anxious about the use of palm oil? A．For the potential health risks. B．For the environmental concerns. C．For the low output of palm trees. D．For the waste of food resources. 4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about concerning palm oil? A．Why it is badly needed. B．How it boosts the food industry. C．What industrial development it leads to. D．How it is produced. 5．What is the author’s attitude towards some organizations and big brands’ action? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Objective. Passage 1 （2024·天津·高考真题）Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know（e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn’t）. Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic（北极的） region. You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region — melting（融化）surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost（永冻层）— there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have completely gone away. Many scientists shared the commonsense expectation that as permafrost melted, lakes would at first expand with meltwater flowing into them. Eventually, researchers made a prediction that progressive warming during the 21st and 22nd centuries would dry out the Arctic, and lakes would begin to shrink. But now it looks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sooner than predicted. A case in point is that some large, age-old lakes shrank dramatically in what appears to have been a matter of months. Scientists have labeled this phenomenon “disastrous lake loss” What caused this? The frozen solid ground actually contains bits of rock, mineral and organic matter, leaving spaces in between. And because these spaces are filled with solid ice, liquid water cannot readily get inside, but it can when the permafrost melts, allowing more water to get through. Soon after that, around 192 lakes in northwestern Alaska are gone from sight. Why did scientists miss this? One probable reason is that most climate models assume that the melting of permafrost is driven only by warming air. New evidence suggests, however, that rainfall — particularly increasing autumn rain — is now contributing significantly to permafrost loss. The rainfall carries heat into the ground. Yet none of the existing models includes such processes. That is a good example of why — no matter how complex our models are or may one day be — we need direct observation of the natural world. 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A．General knowledge can at times turn out to be true. B．Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong. C．Research findings should be built on popular assumptions. D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon. 2．Contrary to the general expectation, climate change has caused ________. A．a rapid rise of water surface B．the permafrost to melt faster C．many Arctic lakes to grow larger D．the disappearance of many Arctic lakes 3．The disastrous climatic impacts on the Arctic region have been ________. A．proved with emerging lakes B．underestimated by scientists C．well predicted by researchers D．shown elsewhere in the world 4．Why is the frozen Arctic ground hard for water to get through? A．Because of the solid ice within it. B．Because of its unique composition. C．Because it is far away from the waters. D．Because snow rarely melts on frozen ground. 5．What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．Direct observation is a must for scientific research. B．Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities. C．New evidence should be found to back up research findings. D．Scientific predictions should be mostly based on research models. Passage 2 （2024·天津·高考真题）Staring at the bookcases in my study, packed with so many great books that had remained unread, I heard a loud voice in my head — “Shame on you! How can you leave these masterpieces unread?” The first book I picked up was Montaigne's Essays. To my surprise I discovered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my own faded hand-writing. So I was actually reading it again, but what I was rereading seemed entirely new. I also found sentences underlined. Only this time I wondered: Why did I underline this sentence? It's the next one that is important! Clearly, my way of reading the text had shifted, and I myself had changed over the years. This raised the larger question of rereading. It comes in many forms. There’s voluntary rereading, the result of a willful decision to revisit a book one has admired, or a book that has left one with some unanswered questions. This kind of planned revisit could also be for confirming certain details in the text, or for checking on the moves of a given character. A devoted teacher might also wish to refresh his closeness to a work, and thus avoid teaching through the same old written notes with soporific (让人瞌睡的) effects. Contrarily, there’s involuntary rereading. The original reading was either forgotten or so totally absorbed that the new chance encounter with the text produced surprise and astonishment. My reaction to the renewed reading no longer corresponded to the original experience, and I was no longer sure that I recognized myself as the same reader. Then there are what one might call subconscious (潜意识的) rereadings, those that occur without the specific act of reading, much as the memory of a tune can keep coming back to the mind without its actually being heard again. This form of remembered contact with a book can accompany us during a lifetime and continue to strengthen and shape us. Much in the same manner, we may over the years recite to ourselves poems learnt by heart long ago, which have become part of our self-recognition. All of these ways of reading are valuable. Renewed contact with a novel or a poem can activate the search for a better knowledge of the self. The new reading, a form of revision, uncovers the change in us. The newness is not in the text. It is we who have evolved. In the process of rereading, our outlook has also been significantly changed. Rereading makes it possible for us to see the world around us, ourselves included, in a new light. 1．What did the author find when reading Montaigne’s Essays? A．He still couldn't understand it. B．He had made notes in it. C．It was a brand new copy. D．It was his favorite work. 2．According to the author, what could be a purpose of voluntary rereading? A．To improve the quality of teaching. B．To learn from admirable characters. C．To collect details for writing novels. D．To help making important decisions. 3．According to Paragraph 4, involuntary rereading can bring about? A．Unexpected reading experience. B．Total concentration on new books. C．Changed preferences for books. D．Enhanced reading skills. 4．What can be learnt about subconscious rereading? A．It prevents memory from fading. B．It helps make who we are. C．It involves actual reading. D．It works best with poetry and music. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Accessing Masterpieces through Rereading B．Rereading: Voluntary or Involuntary? C．Rereading: Pursuit of Truth D．Transformative Power of Rereading Passage 3 （2023·天津·高考真题）Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail. And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination. Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world. This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them. 1．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”? A．A child's imaginary world. B．Voices of Mom or Dad. C．An ancient art form. D．Factual stories. 2．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author? A．Form and style. B．Facts and figures. C．Emotional and physical details. D．A series of events and characters. 3．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning? A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge. B．It is more widely available to young learners. C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions. D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting. 4．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us? A．By offering us more opportunities to know people. B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world. C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it. D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination. 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The History of Storytelling B．The Power of Storytelling C．The Forms of Storytelling D．The Art of Storytelling Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 1．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind? A．Her miserable past. B．An unforgettable sport event. C．The stories behind the violins. D．Her childhood memory. 2．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________. A．mindless and bad-tempered B．caring and supportive C．strict and demanding D．tolerant and sympathetic 3．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration? A．The tune of the flutes. B．The beat of the drums. C．The sound of the violin. D．The manner of the musicians. 4．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra? A．The steady improvement in her taste. B．Her strong desire for success. C．Her natural gift for music. D．The rapid progress in her ability. 5．What message does Tara's story convey? A．It's never too young to learn. B．A passionate interest works wonders. C．Hard work will pay off in the long run. D．Like mother, like daughter. Passage 5 （2023·天津·高考真题）Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect — coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life. In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before  correcting the mistake. Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion. Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions. The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger. The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting,meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________. A．a routine warning B．a popular misbelief C．a commonly-held view D．a theoretical assumption 2．What can be learnt about the experiment? A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning. B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning. C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning. D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects. 3．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______. A．disappointing performances B．greater creative power C．the discovery of problems D．the admission of weaknesses 4．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Challenge of Derring B．Erring Prevents Failure C．To Err is Fruitful D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $