跟着课文学语法丨译林版·必修一

Unit 1 Back to school 鉴 句子成分 英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等。 1.主语 主语是句子所描述动作或状态的执行者或被描述的对象，通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从 句等充当。 ①名词作主语：The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。 ②代词作主语：She is a good student..她是个好学生。 ③数词作主语：Two plus three is five.二加三等于五。 ④不定式作主语：To see is to believe.眼见为实。 ⑤动名词作主语：Swimming is my favorite sport..游泳是我最喜欢的运动。 ⑥从句作主语：What he said is very important.他说的话很重要。 (观察试题) A study of 12,000 users of Fitbits,(wearable devices that track movement),found that those who exercise at 7 a.m.were most likely to stick to their routine. 解析：该句中“those who exercise at7a.m.”是主语，其中“those”是代词作主语，“who exercise at7 a.m.”是定语从句修饰“those”。 2.谓语 说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，有时态、语态和人称的变化。 ①简单动词作谓语：He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步 ②动词短语作谓语：She is looking after her little brother.她正在照顾她的小弟弟。 (观察试题) The Chinese government has also taken steps (protect)the students'eyesight,including limiting the amount of time they spend on their phones and tablets. 解析：“has taken”是谓语动词，是现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 3.宾语 是动作的承受者，位于及物动词或介词后面，可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 ①名词作宾语：I like apples.我喜欢苹果。 ②代词作宾语：He saw her yesterday.他昨天看到了她： ③数词作宾语：Please give me two.请给我两个。 ④不定式作宾语：They want to go to the park.他们想去公园。 ⑤动名词作宾语：He enjoys reading books.他喜欢读书。 ⑥从句作宾语：I know that he is a good student.我知道他是个好学生。 (观察试题) It is possible that the wellbeing of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner,not simply by their (aware)of their pets'needs. 解析“their awareness of their pets'needs”中“awareness”是名词作宾语，“of their pets'needs"是后 置定语修饰“awareness”。 2语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 4.表语 位于系动词（如be,become,seem,Iook等）之后，说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态，可由名词、形容 词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 ①名词作表语：He is a doctor.他是一名医生。 ②形容词作表语：The flowers look beautiful..这些花看起来很漂亮。 ③副词作表语：Is anybody in?有人在吗？ ④介词短语作表语：My book is on the desk.我的书在桌子上。 ⑤不定式作表语：Her dream is to become a singer.她的梦想是成为一名歌手。 ⑥动名词作表语：His hobby is painting.他的爱好是绘画。 ⑦从句作表语：The problem is that we don't have enough money..问题是我们设有足够的钱。 (观察试题) The Tang Dynasty was a time when China's culture and economy were highly developed,and silk production reached new level. 解析“were highly developed"中“developed"是形容词作表语，说明“culture and economy"的状态。 5.定语 用于修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、数量等，可由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定 式、分词或从句等充当。 ①形容词作定语：He is a tall boy.他是个高个子男孩。 ②名词作定语：This is a stone bridge..这是一座石桥。 ③代词作定语：His book is on the desk.他的书在桌子上。 ④数词作定语：There are five apples on the table.桌子上有五个苹果。 ⑤副词作定语：The people there are very friendly..那里的人很友好。 ⑥介词短语作定语：The book on the shelf is mine.书架上的书是我的。 ⑦不定式作定语：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 ⑧分词作定语：The sleeping boy is my brother..正在睡觉的男孩是我弟弟。 ⑨从句作定语：The man who is standing there is my teacher.站在那里的那个人是我的老师。 (观察试题) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years(long)than non runners 解析“longer'”是形容词比较级作定语，修饰“years”,表示“更长的时间”。 6.状语 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步等，可由副 词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等充当。 ①副词作状语：He runs fast.他跑得快。 ②介词短语作状语：She is reading in the library.她在图书馆看书。 ③不定式作状语：To catch the early bus,he got up very early..为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。 ④分词作状语：Walking in the street,,I met an old friend.我在街上走的时侯，遇到了一位老朋友。 ⑤从句作状语：hen I grow up,I want to be a scientist.当我长大后，我想成为一名科学家。 (观察试题) After(arrive)at the hotel,I went out to explore the local area 跟着课文学语法 牛津版（必修+选必修）3 解析“After arriving at the hotel"是介词短语作时间状语，“arriving”是动名词形式，因为after是介词 后面接动词要用动名词形式。 7.补足语 用来补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态、特征等，使句子的意思更加完整。可分为：宾语和主语补足语。 ①宾语补足语：We made the room clean.我们使房间干净。 “clean'”是形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明“room”的状态。 ②主语补足语：The boy was seen to play football on the playground.有人看见那个男孩在操场上踢 足球。 “to play football on the playground”是主语补足语，补充说明“the boy”的动作。 (观察试题) The researchers also noted that participants who exercised in the morning reported feeling more awake and(product)throughout the day. 解析“more awake and productive”是形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明“participants"的状态。 8.同位语 用于对前面的名词或代词作进一步解释或说明，通常由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当。 ①名词作同位语：My friend Tom is a very kind person.我的朋友汤姆是个非常善良的人o “Tom”是“ly friend'"的同位语。 ②从句作同位语：The news that we won the game is very exciting.我们赢得比赛的消息令人非常兴 奋。 “that we won the game”是“the news"的同位语从句。 (观察试题) The Chinese government has also taken steps to protect the students'eyesight,including limiting the amount of time they spend on their phones and tablets,and(promote)outdoor activities. 分析本题虽没有直接考查同位语，但在理解句子结构时，“including limiting.and promoting..”这部分 可以看作是对“steps”的进一步解释说明，类似于同位语的作用。 9.句子成分在语篇中的应用 Early in the morning,I went to the park with my friends.We saw a beautiful lake surrounded by trees.Excited,we decided to go boating.While rowing the boat,we talked and laughed happily. Suddenly,a bird flew over our heads.What a wonderful experience! 清晨，我和朋友们去了公园。我们看到一个被树木环绕的美丽湖泊。我们很兴奋，决定去划船。划船 时，我们愉快地交谈和大笑。突然，一只鸟从我们头顶飞过。多么美妙的一次经历！ (观察试题) In the sentence'We saw a beautiful lake surrounded by trees",the phrase"surrounded by trees' functions as A.Subject B.Predicate C.Attribute D.Adverbial 答案：C解析："surrounded by trees"修饰lake,作后置定语，故选C。 4语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【总结】 掌握主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补的基本定义和分类。 注意不同成分在句子中的位置及可能的表现形式（如不定式、分词等）。 区分双宾语与复合宾语、定语从句与状语从句等相似结构。 根据主语的单复数和意义确定谓语动词的形式。 在阅读中分析句子成分的实际应用，在写作中合理安排句子成分，提升表达准确性。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空 1The teacher,together with his students, (be)planting trees on the hill now. ②I find it necessary, (learn)a foreign language. 3 (see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. ④The problem_ (discuss)at the meeting yesterday is very important. ⑤His job is (look)after the animals in the zoo. 2.单句改错 1 He is a boy which is very kind. 2 The book who I bought yesterday is interesting. 3 I have a lot of work to be done. 4 Walking along the street,my attention was caught by a beautiful dress. 5 To get a better grade,so he worked harder. 3.指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分 1The little girl is singing an English song. 2 We often play basketball after school. 3 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 4I have a lot of homework to do. 5 To learn English well,we need to practice more. ) 4.完成句子 ①他每天早上读英语来提高他的英语水平。 He reads English every morning his English ②我们发现学好数学很难。We find difficult math well. ③站在树下的那个女孩是我的妹妹。The girl the tree is my sister. ④昨天他给我讲了一个有趣的故事。He told me story yesterday. ⑤这本书是鲁迅写的。This book Lu Xun. 5.语篇填空 The Internet has become an important part of our daily life.1.(help)us learn more about 眼着课文学语法 牛津版（必修+选必修）5 the world,it provides a lot of information.Many people like 2. 。 (shop)online because it is convenient.However,we should also be careful when using the Internet.Some information 3. (find)on the Internet may not be true.We need to learn 4. (choose)the right information.5. (spend)too much time online is bad for our eyes.So we should control the time we spend on the Internet and make good use of it. 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①)答案：is解析：主语是“The teacher'”,“together with his students”是伴随状语，不影响谓语动词单复数，根据“now'可 知用现在进行时，所以填is。 ②答案：to learn解析：it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是“to learn a foreign language”,“find it+形容词+to do sth.”是固 定结构。 ③答案：Seen解析：“the city”和“see”是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，意为“从山顶看，这座城市看起来更美”。 ④答案：discussed解析：“The problem”和“discuss'”是被动关系，“discussed at the meeting yesterday''是过去分词短 语作后置定语，修饰“The problem” ⑤答案：to look解析：动词不定式作表语，说明“His job”的内容是“照顾动物园里的动物”。 2.单句改错 ①答案：hich改为who解析：先行词“aboy”指人，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词应用who。 2答案：who改为which/that解析：先行词“The book"指物，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词应用which或that。 ③答案：去掉be解析：“I”和“do”是主动关系，“todo”作后置定语修饰“wok”,应去掉be。 ④答案：Walking along the streeti改为While I was walking along the street解析：现在分词“Nalking along the street" 的逻辑主语应是句子主语，原句逻辑主语不一致，可改为时间状语从句。 ⑤答案：去掉so解析：“To get a better grade”是目的状语，句子已有谓语“worked”,so多余。 3.指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分 ①答案：主语解析：“The little girl'”是句子所描述动作“is singing”的执行者，作主语。 2答案：谓语和宾语解析：“play”是谓语动词，“basketball”是动作的承受者，作宾语。 ③答案：表语解析：位于系动词“turn”后，“yellow”说明主语“The leaves'”的状态，作表语。 ④答案：定语解析：“todo”作后置定语修饰“homework”,表示“要做的作业”。 ⑤答案：目的状语解析：“To learn English well'"表示“we need to practice more'"的目的，作目的状语。 4.完成句子 ①答案：to improve解析：用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“读英语”的目的是“提高英语水平”。 ②答案：it;to learn解析：“find it+形容词+to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，“to learn math well'是真正宾语。 ③答案：standing under解析：现在分词短语“standing under the tree”作后置定语修饰“The girl”,表示“站在树下的女 孩”。 ④答案：an interesting解析：“an interesting''作定语修饰“story'',“interesting'以元音音素开头，用an。 ⑤答案：was written by解析：“This book'"和“write”是被动关系，根据语境用一般过去时的被动语态。 5.语篇填空 ①答案：To help解析：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“互联网提供大量信息”的目的是“帮助我们更多地了解世 界”。 ②答案：shopping/to shop解析：like doing/to do sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，所以填shopping:或to shop。 ③答案：found解析：“Some information”和“find"是被动关系，“found on the Internet''是过去分词短语作后置定语修 饰“Some information”。 ④答案：to choose解析：learn to do sth.表示“学习做某事”，填to choose。 ⑤答案：Spending解析：动名词短语“Spending too much time online'”作主语，表示“在网上花费太多时间”这种行为。 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 1 A new start 英语句型结构 1.主语+谓语（不及物动词） 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点是：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作 不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Howtime flies!时间过得真快呀！ 主语谓语 And I can play outside too..我也可以在外面玩耍。 主语谓语 In stories,SV structures describe actions:"The sun sets.The wind whispers. 故事中常用SV结构描述动作：“太阳落下。风在低语。” (观察试题) The train (start)moving,and I watched the buildings and streets in Beijing disappear. 答案：started解析：主谓结构，过去式，主语train为单数)。 2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 在此句式中，谓语为及物动词。及物动词本身需要一个动作的承受者（即宾语）才可以表达完整的意 思。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。如： Our shcod is going to hdd a spoken engish match.我们学校准备举行一场英语口语比赛。 主语 谓语 宾语 My friends and I planted many trees.我朋友和我已经种了许多棵树。 主语 谓语 宾语 In instructions."Pressthe button.Enter your password.操作说明中：“按下按钮。输入密码。” (观察试题) I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing 答案：want后加to(want to do sth.,不定式作宾语)。 3.主语+系动词+表语 该句式中，谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，构成复合谓语才 能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫系动词。如： The theme of the hsow is environm ental prdection.本次展出的主题是环境保护。 主语 系动词 表语 This is surel y a good chance for mare people to see them. 主语系动词 表语 这对更多的人来说当然是一次欣赏它们的好机会。 In introductions:"My name isAnna.I am from Canada.自我介绍中：“我的名字是安娜。我来自加拿大。” (新高考1卷短文改错) The performance was such amazing that everyone present burst into applause. 答案：such→so(so+形容词amazing作表语，such后接名词)o 跟着课文学语法 牛津版（必修+选必修）7 4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物 的直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。如： At the same time,parents are giving their chil dren too much protecti on.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。 主语谓语间接宾语 直接宾语 He boughe his lovely son a birthday present.他给他可爱的儿子买了一件生日礼物。 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 In daily requests."Can you pass me the salt?日常请求：“能把盐递给我吗？” (观察试题) My mom offered to help me wash my old books and (give)them to him 答案：give解析：与offer to do并列，双宾结构，give sth.tosb.。 5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补（宾语补足语） 本句式中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分， 如形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。如： I would like tu invite you tujcn us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday. 主语 谓语 宾语宾补 我想邀请你下周六和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。 Mike had asked the young man not to play the piano at midni ght. 主语谓语 宾语 宾补 迈克已经请求这个年轻人不要在半夜弹钢琴。 Injob descriptions"The company named her CEO.职位描述中：“公司任命她为CEo。” (观察试题) The 19-year-old artist from Sichuan province has created a series of detailed pencil drawings that make people (cry). 答案：cry解析：make sb.do sth.,省略to的不定式作宾补。 6.主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语 本句式中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如： Thetmie passed very quick灿y.时间过得很快。 主语谓语状语 In travel blogs:"They stayed at a beach resort.The train arrived on time.旅行博客中：“他们住在海滨度假 村。火车准时到达。” The little boy will cry ifhe can't see his mother.这个小男孩看不到他的妈妈就会哭： 主语 谓语 状语 (新高考2卷语法填空) The train (start)moving,and I watched the buildings and streets in Beijing disappear 答案：started(主谓结构，过去式，主语train为单数)。 7.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语 He settled the problem in an easy way.他用一种很简单的方法解决了这个问题。 8语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 主语谓语 宾语 状语 I would have a face to face talk with my parents in my free time. 主语谓语 宾语 状语 我有空会和我的父母进行一次面对面的交流。 In safety rules:"Store chemicals in a cool place.Handle glass with care."安全守则中：“将化学品存 放在阴凉处。小心处理玻璃。” 8.There be... 本句式中的be单复数要与最近的主语一致。 There are many students in the playground.操场上有许多学生o There was a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔两本书。 In descriptions:There was silence in the room.There are three apples in the basket."场景描述 中：“房间里一片寂静。篮子里有三个苹果。” (观察试题) In my hometown,there (be)a river which was the source of life for local people. 答案：was 解析：主语a river为单数，时态与后文was一致。 9.英语的基本句型在语篇中的应用 Last weekend,I went to the countryside.I woke up early in the morning.The sun was shining brightly.I packed my bag quickly.My mother gave me some snacks.I thanked her.Then I rode my bike to the bus station.There were many people waiting there.I got on the bus and sat near the window. The bus drove fast.After an hour,I arrived at the small village.I met my grandparents there.They looked very happy.My grandmother showed me her new garden.She planted many beautiful flowers.I helped her water the plants.The time passed quickly.In the evening,I had a big dinner with my family. We ate delicious food and talked about interesting things.I felt very warm and happy.Before I left,my grandfather gave me a lovely puppy.I named it Lucky.I played with it on the way home.Finally,I got back home late at night.I was tired but excited.What a wonderful weekend! 上周末，我去了农村。我一大早就醒了。阳光灿烂。我很快收拾好行李。我妈妈给了我一些零食。我 感谢她。然后我骑自行车去了汽车站。有很多人在那里等着。我上了公共汽车，坐在窗边。公共汽车开得 很快。一个小时后，我到达了那个小村庄。我在那里遇到了我的祖父母。他们看起来很高兴。我祖母给我 看了她的新花园。她种了许多美丽的花。我帮她给植物浇水。时间过得很快。晚上，我和家人吃了一顿丰 盛的晚餐。我们吃了美味的食物，聊了有趣的事情。我感到非常温暖和快乐。在我离开之前，我爷爷给了 我一只可爱的小狗。我把它命名为Lucky。我在回家的路上玩过它。最终，我深夜回到了家。我很累，但很 兴奋。多么美妙的周末啊！ (观察试题) What is the function of"There were many people waiting there.in the passage? A.To introduce the main character B.To describe the environment of the bus station C.To show the action of the character D.To express the emotion of the character 答案：B解析：该句使用There be结构，描述了公交车站有很多人在等的场景，即车站的环境。 跟着课文学语法 牛津版（必修+选必修）9 【总结】 从“识别”到“应用”的三步法 识别结构：看到句子先找谓语动词，判断是Vi.Wt./系动词，确定基本结构类型。 检查成分：确保结构完整（如S+V+O不能缺宾语，S+L+P不能用副词作表语）。 语境应用：在写作中主动使用不同结构，避免句式单一，同时注意高考高频考，点（主谓一致、宾补形式等）。 【单元练习题】 1.语法填空 ①The children (play)happily in the park now.(主谓结构) ②She always (read)books in her free time.(主谓宾结构) ③My father (give)me a new bike last week.(主谓双宾结构) ④Ve found the story (interest).(主谓宾宾补结构) ⑤The soup (taste)delicious.(主系表结构) 2.句子结构分析 指出下列句子属于哪种结构类型（主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补、主系表） 1The sun rises in the east. 2 He bought a book yesterday. 3 She showed her friends her photos. 4 We keep our classroom clean every day.( 5 The music sounds wonderful.( 3.单句改错 1 He looked at me and smiled happily,and his face looked happily,too. 2 I made my mother a beautiful card on Mother's Day,and she was very happy.But I found she put it everywhere. 3 The old man walks in the park every morning and feeds birds there.He always finds birds sing songs happily. 4 My sister gave a new bike to me on my birthday,and I like it very much. 5The food smells well,and I can't wait to taste it. 4.完成句子 ①孩子们正在操场上打篮球。（主谓宾结构）The children basketball on the playground. ②她给我讲了一个有趣的故事。（主谓双宾结构）She, an interesting story. ③我们必须保持教室干净整洁。（主谓宾宾补结构）NVe must」 the classroom、 and tidy. ④这个女孩看起来很开心。（主系表结构）The girl very ⑤鸟儿在天空中飞翔。（主谓结构）The birds_一in the sky. 5.语篇填空 10语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Last Sunday,my family and I went on a trip.We 1. (start)early in the morning.My father 2 (drive)the car.When we arrived at the park,we saw many beautiful flowers.The flowers 3. (smell)sweet.My mother took out some food and 4. (give)it to us.We sat on the grass and enjoyed the food.After that,my parents asked me 5. (help)them clean up.I was happy 6. (do)it.It was a wonderful day! 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：are playing解析根据“now'可知用现在进行时，主语“The children”是复数，所以填are playing,构成主谓结 构。 ②答案：reads解析“She”是第三人称单数，always表明是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用reads,“read books”是动宾 结构，整句为主谓宾结构。 ③答案：gave解析“'last week'”是一般过去时的标志，“give sb.sth.”是主谓双宾结构，所以填gave。 ④)答案：interesting解析“find+宾语+宾语补足语”，此处用形容词interesting作宾补，补充说明“'the story',构成主 谓宾宾补结构。 ⑤答案：tastes解析“The soup”是第三人称单数，描述事实用一般现在时，“taste”是系动词，后接形容词delicious作 表语，构成主系表结构。 2.句子结构分析 ①答案：主谓结构解析“The sun”是主语，“rises”是谓语，没有宾语，属于主谓结构。 ②答案：主谓宾结构解析“He”是主语，“bought'”是谓语，“a book”是宾语，构成主谓宾结构。 ③答案：主谓双宾结构解析“She”是主语，“showed”是谓语，“her friends”是间接宾语，“her photos”是直接宾语，属 于主谓双宾结构。 ④答案：主谓宾宾补结构解析“We”是主语，“keep”是谓语，“our classroom”是宾语，“clean”是宾语补足语，补充说 明教室的状态，构成主谓宾宾补结构。 ⑤答案：主系表结构解析“The music'”是主语，“sounds”是系动词，“wonderful”是形容词作表语，构成主系表结构。 3.单句改错 ①答案：第二个“happily'改为“happy”解析：“looked”在此处是系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以把happily改为 happy。 ②答案：“everywhere'”改为“somewhere”解析：根据语境，此处表示“把卡片放在某个地方”，而不是“到处放”，所以 把everywhere改为somewhere。 ③答案：“sing”改为“singing'”解析“find sb.doing sth.”表示“发现某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，所以把 sing改为singing。 ④答案：在“gave”后加“me”解析“give sb.sth.”是主谓双宾结构，此处缺少间接宾语me,所以要加上。 ⑤答案：“well”改为“good”解析“smells'”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，well作形容词时表示“身体好”，此处表示 “闻起来香”，要用good。 4.完成句子 ①答案：are playing解析根据语境可知用现在进行时，“be+动词现在分词”，主语是复数，所以填are playing。 ②答案：told me解析“tell sb.sth.”表示“告诉某人某事”，是主谓双宾结构，根据语境用一般过去时，所以填told me。 ③答案：keep;clean解析“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”，“保持教室干净”用keep the classroom clean,must后接动 词原形。 ④答案：looks;happy解析“look”是系动词，“the gir”是第三人称单数，一般现在时用looks,后接形容词happy作表 语。 ⑤答案：fy解析描述一般事实用一般现在时，“The birds'”是复数，谓语动词用原形y,构成主谓结构。 5.语篇填空 ①答案：started解析“Last Sunday”'表明是一般过去时，所以填stat的过去式started,构成主谓结构。 ②答案：drove解析同是一般过去时，“drive”的过去式是drove,“My father drove the car'”是主谓宾结构， ③答案：smelled解析讲述过去的事情用一般过去时，“smell'”的过去式是smelled,“The flowers smelled sweet'”是主 系表结构。 ④答案：gave解析一般过去时，“give”的过去式是gave,“give sth.tosb.”是主谓双宾结构， ⑤答案：to help解析“ask sb.to do sth.”表示“要求某人做某事”，所以填to help,“my parents asked me to help them clean up”是主谓宾宾补结构。 ⑥答案：todo解析“be happy to do sth.”表示“很高兴做某事”，所以填todo。 跟着课文学语法 牛津版（必修+选必修）11