跟着课文学语法丨人教版·必修三

2025-10-07
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太原四季文化图书有限公司
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Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations 修三 v.-ing形式 一、v.-ing形式作主语 v.-ig形式作主语时,视为单数概念,通常表示抽象的、一般性的行为或习惯,谓语动词用单数形式。其 位置可在句首,也可用it作形式主语,将v.-ing形式后置。 Reading aoud every morning ishepful for improving Engish..每天早上大声朗读有助于提高英语水平。 Itsnouse crying over spilt milk.覆水难收,哭也没用。 Traveling abroad can broaden your horizons.出国旅行可以开阔你的视野。 (观察试题) English songs is a good way to improve your listening skills. A.Sing B.Sings C.Singing D.Sung 答案:C解析:此句缺少主语,v.-ing形式“Singing”可作主语,表示唱歌这种行为,符合语境。 二、v.-ing形式作宾语 1.动名词作宾语 v.-ing形式(动名词)可作及物动词或介词的宾语。常见接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy(喜欢)、finish (完成)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)等;介词后也常接动名词,如be good a(擅长)、look forward to(期待)、 insis on(坚持)等短语中的to为介词。 I enjoy reading novelsin my sparetime. 我在业余时间喜欢读小说。(reading作及物动词enjoy的宾语) Sheislodking forward to meeting her dd friends. 她期待着见到她的老朋友们,(meeting作介词to的宾语) Ve should practice speaking Engish every day.我们应该每天练习说英语。 (speaking作及物动词practicel的宾语) 2.现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行。常见的能带现在分词 作宾补的动词有see(看见)、wtch(观看)、hear(听见)、find(发现)等。 I saw him playing basketball on the playground.我看见他正在操场上打篮球。 (playing与him是主动关系,且表示正在进行的动作) Ne heard her singing a beautiful song in the room.我们听见她正在房间里唱一首动听的歌。 (singing与he是主动关系,强调正在唱歌) (观察试题) -What did you see just now? -I saw some children games under the tree. A.play B.played C.to play D.playing 答案:D解析:根据语境“看见孩子们正在树下玩游戏”,强调动作正在进行,且children与play是主动关 系,所以用现在分词playing作宾语补足语。 62语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 2 Morals and virtues My parents insist on to a key university. A.Igo B.me go C.my going D.I going 答案:C解析:“insist on”中on是介词,后接动名词,此处用“my going”,其中my是动名词的逻辑主语。 三、v.-ing形式作表语 v.-ing形式作表语时,放在系动词(如be,Iook,seem等)之后,用于说明主语的内容、性质或特征,此时 v.-ing形式多为形容词化的分词。 The stary is very interesting.这个故事非常有趣。(interesting说明故事的性质) Her hobby is cdlecting stamps..她的爱好是集邮。(collecting stamps说明爱好的内容) The news soundse以citing..这个消息听起来令人兴奋.(e以citing描述消息给人的感觉) (观察试题) The film we watched last night was really_ A.moved B.moving C.move D.moves 答案:B解析:此句中v-ing形式作表语描述电影的性质,“moving"表示“令人感动的”,而“moved'”表示 人“感到感动的”,这里说电影令人感动。 四、v.-ing形式作定语 1.前置定语 单个v.-ig形式作定语时,通常放在被修饰词前面,相当于形容词,用于说明被修饰词的用途、性质或特点。 a sleeping boy一个正在睡觉的男孩aswimming pool一个游泳池 aflyingbird-只飞翔的鸟 2.后置定语 v.-ig短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词后面,相当于一个定语从句,与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主 动关系。 The girl standing under the treeismy sister. 站在树下的那个女孩是我妹妹.(=The girl who is standing under the treeismy sister..) The book lying on the desk is mine. 放在桌子上的那本书是我的,(=The book which is lying on the desk ismine.) (观察试题) The man there is our new English teacher. A.stand B.stood C.standing D.to stand 答案:C解析:“The man”与“stand”是主动关系,且表示正在进行的状态,“standing there”作后置定语 修饰“the man”,相当于“the man who is standing there”。 五、v.-ing形式作状语 v.-ig形式作状语时,可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 1.时间状语 Hearing the news,she coul dnt help crying. 听到这个消息,她忍不住哭了。(=When she heard the news,she coul dnt help crying.) 2.原因状语 跟着课文学语法 教版(必修+选必修)63 Being ill,he didnt goto schod.因为生病,他没去上学。(=Because he wasill,.he di dnt go to school..) 3.结果状语 The heavy rain lasted for a long time,.causing serious floods..大雨持续了很长时间,导致了严重的洪水。 4.伴随状语 She sat there,reading a bodk.她坐在那里,看书。(reading abook与s过同时发生,作伴随状语) (观察试题) the door,she found a letter lying on the ground. A.Open B.Opened C.Opening D.To open 答案:C解析:句子主语“she”与“open"是主动关系,且“open the door'”与“found a letter'”几乎同时发 生,所以用现在分词Opening作时间状语: 五v.-ing形式在语篇中的应用 Walking along the beach early in the morning,I enjoyed the beautiful sunrise.Listening to the sound of the waves,I fet relaxed.Meeting some local fishermen,I learned about their daily life.Spending timelike this made me farget al my worries.Looking back at the footprints in the sand,I knew this would be an unforgettable experience. 清晨沿着海滩漫步,我欣赏着美丽的日出。听着海浪的声音,我感到很放松。遇见一些当地渔民,我了解了 他们的日常生活。像这样度过时光让我忘记了所有烦恼。回头看着沙滩上的脚印,我知道这将是一次难忘 的经历。 (观察试题) In the sentence"Walking along the beach early in the morning,I enjoyed the beautiful sunrise" what is the function of the v.-ing form"Walking along the beach early in the morning"? A.Subiect B.Object C.Predicative D.Adverbial 答案:D解析:“Walking along the beach early in the morning”作时间状语,说明“enjoyed the beautiful sunrise”发生的时间,所以选D。 【总结】 作主语:记住V.-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用单数,可借助it作形式主语。 作宾语:区分动名词作宾语(及物动词或介词后)和现在分词作宾补(与宾语主动且表正在进行)。 作表语:V.-ig形式作表语说明主语性质、内容,注意与过去分词作表语(表人的感受)的区别。 作定语:单个V.-ing形式前置,V.ing短语后置,且后置时与被修饰词主动相关。 作状语:明确V.-ig形式作状语时的多种语义(时间、原因等),确保逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 ⑤4语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【单元练习】 1.语法填空(用所给动词的正确v.-ing形式填空) ①) (read)English novelsis a great way to improve vocabul ary. 2 I cant stand(wait)for such along time. ③The girl__(sit)next to meismy be过friend ④ (look)out of thewindow.I saw a beautiful rainbow. 5 The film was so(move)that many people cried. 2.短文改错(每句均有一处与v.-ing形式相关的错误,找出并改正) 1 He enjoysto play basketball with hisfriends on weekends. 2 The book writing by Lu Xun isvery popular among students. 3 Saw the old man fall down,she quickly ran to help him. ④The interesting news made usfelt e以cited. 5 Im looking forward to receive your letter. 3.语篇填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,涉及V.ig形式) In recent years,more and more people have shown interest in 1.(travel)during holidays.Traveling offers a chance 2.(escape)from daily routines and experience different cultures.When 3.(visit) a new place,people can try local foods,meet new friends,and explore historical sites.However,4._ (plan) a perfect trip requires careful consideration.For example,you need to think about transportati on,accommodation, and attractions worth 5.(visit).With proper planning,traveing can become an unforgettable and rewarding experi ence. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 1 The company,aiming to expand itsmarket share,has launched a new advertising campaign. 2Having fini shed the work ahead of time,they went home happily. 5.句子改写(根据要求,将句子改写为含v.-ig形式的句子) ①Because he was late for school,he missed the firs过dass.(改为原因状语) ②The boy who iswearing ared shirt ismy cousin.(改为后置定语) 6.写作应用(根据中文提示,用v.-ing形式完成英语句子) ①学习英语需要大量的练习。English requires a lot of practice. ②我看见他正在花园里浇花。I saw him_the fl owers in the garden. ③这个故事很有趣,我们都喜欢它。The story is very一and we al like it ④考虑到所有因素,我们的计划是可行的。_all the factors,our plan ispractical. ⑤他期待着参加下个月的运动会。Heislooking forward to__the sports meeting next month. 跟着课文学语法 人教版(必修+选必修)65 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案:Reading解析:此处v.-ing形式作主语,表示阅读英语小说这种行为,所以填Reading。 2)答案:waiting解析:“cant stand'后接动名词作宾语,所以填waiting. ③)答案:sitting解析:“The girl”与“sit"是主动关系,且表示正在进行的状态,“sitting next to me”作后置定语修饰“the gir”,所以填sitting。 ④答案:Looking解析:句子主语“"与“Iook”是主动关系,“Looking out of the window'作时间状语,所以填Looking。. ⑤答案:moving解析:v.-ing形式作表语描述电影的性质,“moving'”表示“令人感动的”,所以填moving。. 2.短文改错 ①答案:将to play改为playing解析:“enjoy”后接动名词作宾语,应把to play改为playing: ②答案:将writing改为written解析:“book”与“write”是被动关系,此处应用过去分词written作后置定语,所以把writing 改为written ③答案:将Saw改为Seeing解析:句子主语“she”与“see”是主动关系,应用现在分词Seeing作时间状语,所以把Saw改为 Seeing ④答案:将felt改为feel解析:“make sb.dosh.”为固定用法,此处应用动词原形feel,v.-ing形式错误,所以把felt改为 fee。 ⑤答案:将receive改为receiving解析:“'look forward to'"中to是介词,后接动名词作宾语,所以把receive改为receiving: 3.语篇填空 ①答案:traveling解析:“in”是介词,后接动名词作宾语,所以填traveling 2答案:to escape解析:“a chance to do sth.”为固定搭配,表示“做某事的机会”,此处不是v-ing形式,所以填to escape。 ③答案:visiting解析:hen引导的时间状语从句中,省略了主语people和be动词are,people.与visit是主动关系,所以填 visiting。 ④答案:planning解析:此处v-ing形式作主语,表示制定旅行计划这种行为,所以填planning: ⑤答案:visiting解析:“be worth doing sth.”为固定用法,表示“值得做某事”,所以填visiting。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①语法功能:“aimingto e以pand its market share'"是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰“the company''。 作用:说明公司发起新广告活动的目的,对公司进行补充说明,使读者更清楚公司行为的意图。 2)语法功能:“Having finished the work ahead of time”是现在分词的完成式作时间状语。 作用:强调完成工作这个动作先于“went home'”发生,表明他们回家的原因是已经提前完成了工作,使句子逻辑更清晰。 5.句子改写 ①答案:Being late for school,he missed the first class, 2)答案:The boy wearing a red shirt is my cousin. 6.写作应用 ①答案:Learning ②答案:watering ③答案:interesting ④答案:Considering⑤答案:taking part in ⑤6语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 3 Diverse cultures 省略 一、省略的意义 省略是避免重复、突出中心信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。通常来说,只要不破坏结构或 引起歧义,能省略的地方就应省略。省略之后,不仅句子结构显得紧凑,而且句子意思更加明确。 二、简单句中的省略 在简单句中,为避免重复,常省略主语、谓语、宾语等成分。常见于祈使句、回答句以及上下文语境明确 的句子中。 1.祈使句省略主语: (You)Sit down,please.请坐。 (You)Be quiet!安静! 2.回答句省略: 一Do you like coffee?你喜欢跏啡吗? -Yes,Ido.(完整回答)→Yes,(Ido).(省略重复部分) 一ho can solve this problem?谁能解决这个问题? 一Tom(can.汤姆能。(省略谓语及宾语) 3.并列句中的省略: My sister likes music,and my brother(likes)sports. 我妹妹喜欢音乐,我弟弟喜欢运动。(省略后句中重复的谓语ikes) (观察试题) -Will you go to the party tonight? -Yes,I A.will B.do C.am D.can 答案:A解析:回答一般将来时的一般疑问句,省略重复部分,完整回答是“Yes,I will go to the party tonight'”,此处省略“go to the party tonight”,保留助动词wi。 二、复合句中的省略 1.宾语从句中的省略 ①在宾语从句中,当主句谓语动词是think,.believe,suppose,expect等,且主句主语是第一人称时,从 句的否定词常前移至主句,而从句可省略与上文相同的部分。 I dont think(that)he will come.我认为他不会来。(省略从句中的主语和部分谓语) ②由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。 Please tell me when (you will come back). 请告诉我你什么时候回来。(省略从句中的主语和谓语) 2.定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。 跟着课文学语法 教版(必修+选必修)67 The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 (省略作宾语的关系代词) (观察试题) The man I talked with just now is my teacher. A.who B.whom C.which D./ 答案:D解析:先行词“the man”在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,关系代词可用who,whom或省略。 三、状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。常见于 时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中。 1.时间状语从句 While(Iwas)walking in the park,I met an old friend..我在公园散步时,遇到了一位老朋友。 2.条件状语从句 If(itis)possible,I will help you.如果可能的话,我会帮助你。 3.让步状语从句 AIthoug功(he was)tired,he still kept working.尽管很累,他仍然继续工作。 4.方式状语从句: She stood at the door asif(he was)waiting for somecne.她站在门口,好像在等人。 (观察试题) in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home A.To wait B.Having waited C.Have waited D.Waited 答案:B解析:句子主语“Tom”与“wait”是主动关系,且“等待”这个动作发生在“意识到”之前,所以用现 在分词的完成式“Having waited”,此处可视为“After Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour'"的省略 形式。 四、虚拟语气中的省略 在虚拟条件句中,若含有had,were,hould,可将if省略,同时把had,were,should提前,构成倒装结构。 If I were you,I wauld accept the offer.-Werel you,I would accept the offer. 如果我是你,我就接受这个提议。 If he had worked harder,he would have passed the exam. →Had he worked harder,he would have passed the exam.如果他更努力学习,他就会通过考试了。 (观察试题) it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match. A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Could 答案:B解析:此句是对将来情况的虚拟,原句为“If it should rain tomorrow..”,省略if后,将should提 前。 五、动词不定式的省略 1.有些动词(词组),如want,wish,e以pect,hope,would like,try,forge等后面的动词不定式做宾语时,为了 68语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 避免重复,动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。如: Please come to my hause if you want to(came to my house).如果你想来(我家)的话,请来我家吧。 You can doit this way if you like to(doit).如果你想做,你可以这么做。 The child wanted to play in the street but hismdther asked him ndt to(play in the street). 那个孩子想在街上玩耍,但他妈妈叫他不要。 2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面的省to;但如果两个动词不定式表示对比关系, 则to不可省略。如: They managed to overcome all the diffi culties and(to)finish the task in time. 他们设法克服一切困难并及时完成任务。 I'd like toliedown and(to)goto seep.我想躺下睡觉了。 Mill you go to see the film ar(to)dance?你要去看电影还是去跳舞? It iseasier to say than to do..说起来容易,做起来难。 3.感官动词(词组)see,look at,hear,listen to,noti ce,wtch等和使役动词mke,Iet,have等后面做宾补的动 词不定式要省略to,但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。如: I heard him go down the stairs..我听见他下楼了。 I saw atall man enter your office.我看见一个高个子男人进了你的办公室。 Let me have another cup of tea..给我再来一杯茶。 4.在某些句式中,如果介词but前有实义动词do的任何形式,后面的动词不定式要省略to。如: Ve can do nathing but wait.除了等我们别无他法。 He has nothing to do but sleep.他没什么可做的,只能睡觉。 All he could do was ndthing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。 【注意】 当省略的动词不定式内含有做助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形have或be。如: He didn't come,but he should have(come).他没来,但他本应该来。 一Are you a farmer?你是个农民吗? No,but I used to be(a farmer).不是,但我过去是。 Ithough引导的让步状语从句不倒装;though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装 六、介词的省略 1.一些与名词、动词或形容词一起搭配的介词常常省略,而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有: prevent stop sb.(from)daing sth. spend sometime(in)doing sth. be busy (in)doing sth. have difficulty trouble(in)daing sth. If|can stop them(from)going there,'‖doit.要是我能够阻止他们去那里,我会这样做的。 The heavy rain prevented him(fram)arriving there on time..大雨阻止他准时到达那里。 Shelost no time(in)giving the patient first aid.她立即给病人急救。 He'd have difficulty in learning any language-Greek,Chinese,or whatever. 他学习任何语言都会遇到困难,不论是希腊语、汉语或是其他语。 2.表示时间的介词on,t和in,在net,la过,this,these,ye过terday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some等词 之前,通常省略。如: 跟着课文学语法 教版(必修+选必修)69 Ne go to school every day except Sundays.除星期天之外,我们每天都上学。 I'll arrive(an)Friday.我将星期五到。 We have been here(fcr)three weeks.我们已经在这里三周了, 七、省略在语篇中的应用 When (we were)planning our trip,we considered many places.Some(places)were too far,while dhers(places) were too expensive.Finally,we chose a small town near the sea.Although(it was)nd very famous,it had beautiful beaches.When (we were)there,we enjoyed the fresh air and delicious seafood.(We)Had a wanderful time! 在规划旅行时,我们考虑了很多地方。有些地方太远,而另一些地方太贵。最后,我们选择了海边的一 个小镇。虽然它不是很有名,但它有美丽的海滩。在那里时,我们享受着新鲜的空气和美味的海鲜。度过 了一段美好的时光! (观察试题) In the passage,which of the following is an example of ellipsis? A.When planning our trip B.We considered many places C.It had beautiful beaches D.We enjoyed the fresh air 答案:A解析:“When planning our trip”是“When we were planning our trip'”的省略形式,属于状语 从句中的省略。 【总结】 注意祈使句省略主语、回答句省略重复成分以及并列句省略相同谓语的情况。 掌握thik等词引导的宾语从句否定前移及从句省略规则;记住特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可省略部 分内容。 明确关系代词作宾语时可省略。 省略条件是从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词,熟悉时间、条件等各类状语从句的省略形式 熟悉虚拟条件句中if省略后的倒装结构,能正确识别并运用had,were,should的提前。 0语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【单元练习】 1.语法填空(根据省略规则,填入合适的词或省略部分) ①一Are you going to the concert? -Yes,I 2 While(walk)on the street,I saw an dld friend. ③The book (which)I borrowed from thelibrary isvery interesting. 4(If)possible,I will attend the meeting tomorrow. ⑤. he come tomorrow,we would have a di scussion. 2.短文改错(每句均有一处省略相关的错误,找出并改正) 1 When was a child,sheloved reading fairy tales. 2 I think not hewill pass the exam. 3 The house wherewevisited last week isvery old. 4 Although tired,but he still kept working. 5Had you been here yesterday,you would see the famous star. 3.语篇填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或根据省略规则补充内容) Last summer,I went to a small town.1. (When)arriving there,I was attracted by its beauty.The streets were dean,and the houses 2. (were)painted in bright colors.I met a local man who told me many stories about the town.3. (If)interested,you can visit the museum there.It shows the history and culture of the town.I spent a wonderful time there and hope 4. (to)go there again one day. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析(分析下列句子中的省略现象,并说明其作用) 1Though busy with hiswork,he still spendstime with hisfamily every day. 2 What a beautiful day (it is)! 5.句子改写(根据要求,对句子进行省略或补充) ①If you are in trouble,you can ask me for help.(省略主语和be动词) ②I dont think that he will come on time.(省略从句中与上文重复部分) 6.写作应用(根据中文提示,用省略结构完成英语句子)】 ①如果你需要帮助,请告诉我。 pleasetel me. ②他虽然年轻,但很有经验。 heisvery experienced. ③我认为这部电影很有趣。I think ④要是我有时间,我就和你一起去。 time,I would go with you. ⑤当被问到这个问题时,他保持沉默。 the question,he kept silent 跟着课文学语法 人教版(必修+选必修)71

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