跟着课文学语法丨人教版·必修二

必 Unit 2 Wildlife protection 现在进行时被动语态 一、现在进行时被动语态的基本构成与意义 现在进行时被动语态的基本结构为“am/is/are+bing+过去分词”，表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 的被动动作，强调动作的执行者是动作承受者，且动作在说话时正在发生或现阶段持续发生。如： The room is being deaned by my mather now.现在房间正在被我妈妈打扫。 Many trees are being planted on the hill these days..这些天山上正在种许多树。 A new bridge isbeing built over the river.河上正在修建一座新桥。 (观察试题)】 -Look!The classroom by the students. -They are so hard-working. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is being cleaned D.was cleaned 答案：C解析：根据“Look!"可知动作正在发生，且“classroom”与“clean”之间是被动关系，要用现在进 行时被动语态“is being cleaned'”。 二、现在进行时被动语态的句式变化 1,否定句 在be动词后加nd,构成“am/is/are+ndt+being+过去分词”。如： The report isnt being written by him now..他现在没有在写这份报告。 2.一般疑问句 将be动词提到句首，构成*“Am/Is/Are+主语+being+过去分词.？”。如： Isthe cake being made by your sister?蛋糕正在被你姐姐制作吗？ (观察试题) the project by the workers these days? -Yes,it is. A.Does;complete B.Did;complete C.Is;being completed D.Was;completed 答案：C解析：根据答语“Yes,itis.”以及“these days”可知，询问的是现阶段正在进行的被动动作，要用 现在进行时被动语态的一般疑问句形式“ls.being completed”。 三、现在进行时被动语态在不同场景的应用 1.强调现阶段正在进行的被动动作 常用于描述一段时间内持续进行的被动行为。如： The old house is being repaired this month.这个月那座老房子正在被修缮。 2.新闻报道、通知等场景 用于实时报道正在发生的被动事件。如： A big fire is being put out by the firefighters.消防员正在扑灭一场大火。 (观察试题) According to the news,a new stadium in our city next year.But actually,it 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）45 by the workers now. A.will build;builds B.will be built;is being built C.is built;is building D.was built;was being built 答案：B解析：第一空根据“next year'”可知用一般将来时被动语态“will be built”:第二空根据“now”可 知用现在进行时被动语态“is being built”。 四、现在进行时被动语态与其他时态被动语态的区别 1.与一般现在时被动语态对比 ①现在进行时被动语态：强调动作正在进行或现阶段持续进行。 The book is being trans ated into severa languages.这本书正在被翻译成几种语言。 ②一般现在时被动语态：表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观事实。 The house is dleaned every day.房子每天都被打扫。 2.与一般过去时被动语态对比 ①现在进行时被动语态：描述现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动作。 The road isbeing widened.这条路正在被拓宽。 ②一般过去时被动语态：表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作。 The road was widened las过yea.这条路去年被拓宽了。 (观察试题) -Why is the traffic so heavy here? 一Because a subway. here A.builds B.is built C.was built D.is being built 答案：D解析：根据语境可知，交通拥堵是因为地铁现阶段正在修建，“subway”与“build”是被动关系， 所以用现在进行时被动语态“is being built”。 五、现在进行时被动语态在语篇中的应用 Our schod is changing a ld these days.A new library is being built near the teaching building.It will be a modern and comfortable place for us to read.Also,the playground is being redesigned.The workers are adding some new sparts facilities.These changes makeus excited,and we are lodking forward tousing the new facilities. 这些天我们学校变化很大。教学楼附近正在修建一座新图书馆。它将成为我们阅读的一个现代化且 舒适的地方。此外，操场正在被重新设计。工人们正在添加一些新的体育设施。这些变化让我们很兴奋， 我们期待着使用这些新设施。 (观察试题) 根据上述语篇，判断句子正误： A new library is being built and the playground has been redesigned. A.正确 B.错误 答案：B解析：语篇中提到操场正在被重新设计(is being redesigned),而不是已经设计完成，所以该句错 误。 【总结】 基本结构：牢记“amis/are+being+过去分词”，明确表示现在或现阶段正在进行的被动动作。 句式变化：掌握否定句、一般疑问句的结构变化规则。 46语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 应用场景：熟悉在强调现阶段动作、新闻报道等场景中的使用。 时态对比：区分现在进行时被动语态与一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态的差异。 语篇理解：在语篇中准确识别和理解现在进行时被动语态，体会其表达效果 【单元练习】 1.语法填空 ①The old bridge」 (repair)by the workers at present. 2Look！The cassroom (clean)by the students. ③A new movie (shoot)in thissmall town these days. ④Many trees (plant)on the hillsidethismonth. ⑤The project (di scuss)by theteam members now. 2.短文改错（每句均有一处与现在进行时被动语态相关的错误，找出并改正） 1 The car is being wash by my father in the yard. 2 These books are being send to thelibrary. 3 The house is building by the construction company this year. 4A new song isbeing sing by the famous singer on the stage. 5The report isnt being write by him now. 3.语篇填空（在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，涉及现在进行时被动语态） Our school 1. (transform)these days.A new laboratory 2 (build)next to the teaching building.It 3. (equip)with the latest scientific instruments.Meanwhile,the dd playground 4. (reconstruct).New sports facilities 5. (add)to make it more attractive for students. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析（分析下列句子中现在进行时被动语态的用法，并说明其在语境中的作用） 1 The ancient city wall is being restored carefully by experts,which aims to preserve its historical value. 2 A series of new policies are being introduced to promote economic development in this area. 5.写作应用（根据中文提示，用现在进行时被动语态完成英语句子） ①这座城市的公共交通系统正在被改善。 The public transportation system of the city ②这些问题现在正在被讨论。These problems now. 3一款新的手机应用程序正在被开发。A new mobile app 4学校的花园正在被重新设计。The school garden ⑤许多旧建筑正在被拆除，为新建筑让路。 Many old buildings to make way for new ones. 跟着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）47 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：is being repaired解析：“at present'”表明是现在进行时，“bridge”与“repair'”是被动关系，所以用现在进行时被动语 态“is being repaired'。 ②答案：is being cleaned解析：“Look!"提示动作正在进行，“classroom”和“clean'”是被动关系，用“is being cleaned'”。 ③答案：is being shot解析：“these days”表示现阶段，“movie"与“shoot'"是被动关系，用现在进行时被动语态“is being shot”。 ④答案：are being planted解析：“this month”说明是现阶段的动作，“trees'"和“plant'”是被动关系，主语是复数，所以用“are being planted'。 ⑤答案：is being discussed解析：“now"表示此刻，“project”与“discuss”是被动关系，用“is being discussed”。 2.短文改错 ①答案：将wash改为washed解析：现在进行时被动语态结构是“be+being+过去分词”，“wash”的过去分词是 “washed'o ②答案：将send改为sent解析：“send"的过去分词是“sent”,应使用正确的过去分词形式构成被动语态。 ③答案：在is后加being解析：此句表示正在建造，要用现在进行时被动语态，缺少“being'”。 ④答案：将sing改为sung解析：“sing”的过去分词是“sung”,需用正确形式构成被动结构。 ⑤答案：将write改为written解析：“write"的过去分词是“written”,以符合现在进行时被动语态要求。 3.语篇填空 ①答案：is being transformed解析：“these days'”表示现阶段，“school”与“'transform”是被动关系，用现在进行时被动语态 “is being transformed'。 2答案：is being built解析：表示正在建造，“laboratory''和“build"是被动关系，用“is being built'”。 3答案：will be equipped解析：新实验室还未装备好，将来会被配备，用一般将来时被动语态“will be equipped'" ④答案：is being reconstructed解析：“old playground''与“reconstruct'"是被动关系，“Meanwhile"表明现阶段正在进行，用 “is being reconstructed”。 ⑤答案：are being added解析：“facilitis”是复数，与“add'是被动关系，现阶段正在添加，用“are being added'”。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①用法分析：“is being restored'是现在进行时被动语态，“ancient city wall'”是动作承受者，“e以perts'”是执行者，表明城墙 现阶段正在被修复。 作用：强调修复工作正在进行，突出对古城墙保护的及时性和持续性，体现保护历史文化遗产的重要性。 2用法分析：“are being introduced'是现在进行时被动语态，“policies”是动作承受者，说明一系列政策现阶段正在被推 行。 作用：体现政策实施的动态过程，表明当地在积极采取措施促进经济发展，使读者了解经济发展的推进情况。 5.写作应用 ①答案：is being improved②答案：are being discussed③答案：is being developed ④答案：is being redesigned⑤)答案：are being pulled down 48语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 3 The Internet 现在完成时被动语态 一、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 现在完成时被动语态的结构为“have/has been+过去分词”，表示过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影 响或结果，或动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续延续。主语是动作的承受者，强调动作的完成性和对现在 的关联性。 1.肯定句： The new regulations on campus safety have been issued by the schod autharity. 学校管理部门已经发布了关于校园安全的新规定。（过去发布的动作完成，现在新规已生效） 2.否定句： The mystery of the ancient relic hasnt been solved by archaed ogists so far. 到目前为止，考古学家还没有解开古代遗迹的谜团。（过去未解开的状态持续到现在） 3.一般疑问句： Has the damaged computer been repaired by the technician? 那台损坏的电脑已经被技术员修好了吗？（询问过去维修的动作是否对现在产生结果） (观察试题) -Why are the students so excited about the lecture? -Because the famous scientist to give a speech on space exploration. A.has invited B.has been invited C.invited D.was invited 答案：B解析：科学家被邀请的动作已完成，对现在学生兴奋的状态产生影响，且“scientist'”与“invite”是 被动关系，所以用现在完成时被动语态“has been invited”。 二、现在完成时被动语态的核心用法 1,强调动作完成且对现在有影响 常与already,yt,jut,neve,ever等副词连用。 The historical documentary has already been watched by millions of viewers worldwide. 这部历史纪录片已经被全球数百万观众观看过了。（观看动作完成，现在纪录片有广泛影响力） Hasnt the new policy on environmental prdtecti on been announced yet? 关于环境保护的新政策还没有宣布吗？（过去应宣布的动作未发生，导致现在政策未知） 2.表示动作从过去持续到现在（需与持续性动词连用） 常与for+时间段，since+时间点等状语连用。 The dd bridge has been used by loca residents for over a century. 这座古老的桥已经被当地居民使用了一个多世纪。（使用的动作从过去持续到现在） The antique vase has been carefully preserved by the family sinceit was passed down from their ancestors. 这个古董花瓶自从祖先传下来后，就一直被这个家族小心保存着。（保存动作持续至今）》 (观察试题) The abandoned factory by the local government as a cultural and creative park since 2018. 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）49 A.has transformed B.was transformed C.has been transformed D.is being transformed 答案：C解析：“since2018”表示从过去持续到现在的时间，“factory'”与“transform”是被动关系，所以 用现在完成时被动语态“has been transformed”。 三、现在完成时被动语态的特殊情况 1.主动语态变被动语态的注意事项 ①含有双宾语的主动句（如give,send,teach等）： 主s动：The professor has taught us a lot of knowledge. We have been taught a lot of knowledge(by the professor).A lot of knowledge has been taught to us (by the professor). ①含有动词短语（如look after,take care of)的被动句： 主a动：The volunteers have taken care of the stray animalsfor months. The stray animals have been taken care of(by the volunteers)for months. 2.与其他时态被动语态的对比 时态 结构 核心意义 现在完成时被动语态have/has been+过去分词过去动作完成，对现在有影响或持续至今。如： The nove has been trans ated into ten Ianguages.这部小说已被翻译成十种语言。 现在进行时被动语态am/is/are being+过去分词现在正在进行的被动动作。如： The nove isbeing trans ated now.这部小说正在被翻译a 一般过去时被动语态was/were+过去分词 过去某个时间发生的被动动作。如： The nove was translated last year.这部小说去年被翻译了。 (观察试题) -Can I borrow the book on the desk? -Sorry,it by my classmate and yet. A.has borrowed;hasnt returned B.has been borrowed;hasnt been returned C.was borrowed;wasnt returned D.is borrowed;isnt returned 答案：B解析：书被借走的动作已完成且对现在产生影响（不能借），用现在完成时被动语态“has been borrowed”;“yet"提示第二空也用现在完成时被动语态的否定形式“hasnt been returned'”。 四、现在完成时被动语态在语篇中的应用 In the past decade,remarkable changes have taken place in the small coastal town.A modern port has been constructed,through which various goods from around the world have been transparted.Many traditional houses have been renovated into stylish cafes and inns,attracting alarge number of tourists.The local customs and culture have al so been well-preserved and promdted by the community,making the town a popul ar destination for cultural expl crati cn. 在过去十年里，这个沿海小镇发生了巨大的变化。一座现代化的港口已经建成，通过它，来自世界各地 的各种货物得以运输。许多传统房屋已被翻新成时尚的咖啡馆和客栈，吸引了大量游客。当地的风俗文化 也一直被社区很好地保护和推广，使这个小镇成为文化探索的热门目的地。 50语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 (观察试题) 根据上述语篇，完成句子改写： The community has well-preserved and promoted the local customs and culture.(改为被动语态】 The local customs and culture have been well-preserved and promoted by the community. 根据语篇判断 The traditional houses were renovated last year. A.正确 B.错误 答案：B解析：语篇中“have been renovated"表示从过去持续到现在的动作，并非“去年被翻新”。 【总结】 熟练掌握“have/has been+过去分词”结构，通过时间状语(already,yet,for,since等)快速判断是否 适用现在完成时被动语态。 区分强调结果（如already)和强调持续（如for since)的不同语境 注意短暂性动词（如build,finish)和持续性动词（如use,preserve)在现在完成时被动语态中的使用差 异。牢记双宾语和动词短语的被动转换规则，避免遗漏介词。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空） ①The ancient temple (restore)several times by the local government in the past decade. 2So far,five new bridges (build)across the river in this city. 3 Many endangered species (protect)by the organization since it was founded. 4 The important document (not,submit)yet,which may cause a delay in the project. 5 How many books(borrow)from the library by the students this semester? 2.短文改错（每句均有一处与现在完成时被动语态相关的错误，找出并改正） 1 The new policy has been announcing by the government last week. 2 The old house has repaired by the workers for two months. 3 These stamps have collected by my father since 2010. 4 The problem hasnt been solving yet,though many experts have tried. 5 Has the new movie been showed in the local cinema? 3.语篇填空（在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，涉及现在完成时被动语态） In recent years,great changes 1. (take place)in the field of environmental protection. Many forests 2. (replant)in the areas that once suffered from desertification.The air quality in big cities 3. (improve)as well,thanks to the strict control of industrial pollution.A large number of rivers and lakes 4. (clean up),and the water quality 5. (test) regularly to ensure safety.These achievements 6. (praise)by the public,who are more confident about a greener future. 跟着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）51 4.阅读理解中的句子分析（分析下列句子中现在完成时被动语态的用法，并说明其在语境中的作用） 1 The traditional handicraft techniques have been passed down from generation to generation by local artisans,keeping the cultural heritage alive. 2 The old railway station has been transformed into a modern museum,attracting thousands of vistors every year. 5.句子改写（将下列句子改为现在完成时被动语态） 1 They have developed a new type of energy-saving car. 2 The company has offered many job opportunities to graduates this year. 3 Scientists have discovered a new species in the rainforest. 6.写作应用（根据中文提示，用现在完成时被动语态完成英语句子） ①这个小镇的面貌在过去几年里已经被彻底改变了。 The appearance of the small town in the past few years ②到目前为止，已经有数百棵树被种在了山坡上。 Hundreds of trees on the hillside so far ③这本著名的小说已经被翻译成多种语言了吗？ into several languages yet? ④这些历史建筑多年来一直被政府保护得很好。These historical buildings by the government for many years. ⑤我的自行车不见了，一定是被人偷走了。My bike is missing.It must by someone. 52语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：has been restored解析：“in the past decade”是现在完成时的标志，“temple”与“restore"是被动关系，所以用 现在完成时被动语态“has been restored”。 2答案：have been built解析：“So far'”表明句子时态为现在完成时，“bridges”和“build”是被动关系，主语为复数，因此 用“have been built'”。 ③答案：have been protected解析：“since it was founded'表示从过去持续到现在，“species'”与“protect"是被动关系， 故用现在完成时被动语态“have been protected”。 ④答案：hasnt been submitted解析：“yet”常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句，“document'"”与“submit'”是被动关系， 所以填“hasnt been submitted'。 ⑤答案：have been borrowed解析：“this semester'”表示一段时间内的情况，适用现在完成时，“books"和“borrow'是 被动关系，且为复数，所以用“have been borrowed”。 2.短文改错 ①答案：将announcing改为announced解析：现在完成时被动语态结构是“have/has been+过去分词”，“announce” 的过去分词是“announced”。 ②答案：在has后加been解析：“house”与“repair'”是被动关系，此句应使用现在完成时被动语态，缺少“been”。 ③答案：在have后加been解析：“stamps'”和“collect"”是被动关系，现在完成时被动语态不能遗漏“been”。 ④答案：将solving改为solved解析：现在完成时被动语态中，动词需用过去分词形式，“solve'"的过去分词是“solved”。 5)答案：将showed改为shown解析：“show'的过去分词是“shown”,应使用正确形式构成现在完成时被动语态的一般 疑问句。 3.语篇填空 ①答案：have taken place解析：“In recent years'”是现在完成时标志，“changes”与“take place'"是主动关系，所以用 “have taken place”。 2答案：have been replanted解析：句子强调过去到现在森林被重新种植，“forests”与“replant''是被动关系，用现在完 成时被动语态“have been replanted”。 ③答案：has been improved解析：“as well''表明空气质量从过去到现在得到改善，“quality”与“improve”是被动关系， 用“has been improved'。 ④答案：have been cleaned up解析：“rivers and lakes"与“clean up”是被动关系，结合语境用现在完成时被动语态 “have been cleaned up'"。 ⑤答案：is tested解析：此处描述常规性动作，“water quality”与“test”是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态“is tested”。 ⑥答案：have been praised解析：“achievements”与“praise”是被动关系，“by the public'"表明动作已完成对现在有影 响，用现在完成时被动语态“have been praised”。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①用法分析：“have been passed down'”是现在完成时被动语态，“techniques”是动作承受者，“by local artisans''表明 执行者，动作从过去持续到现在。 作用：强调传统手工艺技术传承的持续性，突出文化遗产得以延续的现状，体现当地工匠在文化传承中的重要作用。 2用法分析：“has been transformed”是现在完成时被动语态，“station”是动作承受者，动作已完成且对现在（吸引大量 游客)产生影响。 作用：说明老火车站改造完成的结果，解释其现在能成为博物馆并吸引游客的原因，展现改造带来的积极变化。 5.句子改写 ①答案：A new type of energy-saving car has been developed by them. 2:Many job opportunities have been offered to graduates by the company this year. ③答案：A new species has been discovered in the rainforest by scientists. 6.写作应用 ①答案：has been completely changed ②答案：have been planted ③答案：Has this famous novel been translated④答案：have been well protected⑤答案：have been stolen 眼着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）53 Unit 4 History and tradititions 现在分词的句法功能 英语中的现在分词(Present Participle)以-ing结尾（如running,eating,thinking),在句子中具有多重功 能和意义，既能体现动态性，也能修饰或补充信息。 一、 现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语时，具有形容词的性质，可表示被修饰词的主动行为或正在进行的状态。单个现在分 词通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 1.前置定语 The s eeping baby lodks so peaceful.熟睡的宝宝看起来很安详。 A fl ying bird caught my attention.一只飞翔的鸟吸引了我的注意。 2.后置定语 The girl standing under the treeismy sister. 站在树下的女孩是我妹妹，(=The girl who is standing under the tree ismy sister.) The book lying on the desk is mine.放在桌上的书是我的。(=The book which islying on the desk is mine.) (观察试题) The man there is our new English teacher. A.stand B.stood C.standing D.to stand 答案：C解析：“The man”与“stand'"是主动关系，且表示正在进行的状态，“standing there'”作后置定语 修饰“the man”,相当于“the man who is standing there”。 二、现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。现在 分词作状语，可位于句首、句中或句末。 1.时间状语 Hearing the news,she coul dnt help crying. 听到这个消息，她忍不住哭了。(=When she heard the news,she coul dnt help crying.)】 Whilewalking in thepark,I met an dd friend 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。(=While I was walking in the park,I met an old friend.) 2.原因状语 Being ill,,he didnt go to school.因为生病，他设去上学。(=Because he wasill,he didnt go to school.) Not knowing her address,we coul dnt get in touch with her..由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她取得联系。 (=As we didnt know her address,we coul dnt get in touch with her.) 3.结果状语 The heavy rain lasted for a long time,causing seriousfloods.大雨持续了很长时间，导致了严重的洪水。 His car brdke down on the way,.making him late for the meeting.他的车在路上抛锚了，结果他开会迟到了。 4.条件状语 54语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍