跟着课文学语法丨人教版·必修一

雀 Welcome Unit 简单句的类别 一、简单句的功能 英语句子按使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1.陈述句 用来陈述一个事实，表明一个愿望、猜测等，形式是主语先行。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 ①肯定陈述句。如： The bank closes at six.银行6点关门。 I wish yau success.祝你成功。 He may be in bed now.他现在可能在睡觉。 In daily life,we use ded arative sentences to share facts..Far example,"Vater boils a1o0C.日常生活中，我 们用陈述句分享事实，例如“水在100摄氏度沸腾 ②否定陈述句：须将not放在be,have和助动词之后。如： Heis not here yet.他还没有到。 He dare not speak.他不敢讲。 Ve usually do not stay late.我们一般不熬夜。 She has nat been seeping well recently.她近来睡得不太好。 (观察试题) The Chinese government has been working hard to protect cultural heritage.It has carried out a series of projects to preserve and restore ancient buildings and relics. 解析：此句中“The Chinese government has been working hard to protect cultural heritage."和“It has carried out a series of projects to preserve and restore ancient buildings and relics.”都是肯定陈述 句，陈述了中国政府在保护文化遗产方面所做的努力和采取的行动。 2.疑问句 提出问题，请对方回答，形式是助动词/情态动词/疑问词先行。疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选 择疑问句和反意疑问句。如： ①一般疑问句 用yes或no来回答的疑问句。通常将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语之前。如： Ishe a student?他是学生吗？ Does she like music'?她喜欢音乐吗？ ②特殊疑问句 由特殊疑问词（如ht,ho,here,when,hy,how等）引导，询问具体信息的疑问句。结构为：特殊疑问 词+一般疑问句语序。如： hat do you want to do?你想做什么？here is the library?图书馆在哪里？ ③选择疑问句 提供两个或多个选项，让对方选择回答的疑问句。结构为：一般疑问句+α+另一个选择项。如： Do you like apples or bananas?你喜欢苹果还是香蕉？ ④反意疑问句 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）3 由陈述句和一个简短的疑问句两部分组成，前一部分提出一种看法，后一部分用来询问对方是否同 意。如： He is a teacher,.isn't he?他是老师，不是吗？ (观察试题) did you go last weekend? -I went to the park. A.Where B.What C.Who D.How 答案：A解析：根据答语“我去了公园”，可知询问的是地点，用特殊疑问词“Where”,构成特殊疑问句。 3.祈使句 表示命令、请求等，形式是动词原形先行，主语省略。否定结构是：Da't+不带to的不定式。如： [命令]G过everything ready tomarrow..明天把-切都准备好。 Dan't touch me.不要碰我！ [请求]Take a seat,please.请坐。 [叮嘱]Take care!保重！ In recipes,imperative sentences are camman:"Mix the flour and eggs. 在食谱中，祈使句很常见：“将面粉和鸡蛋混合。 (观察试题) (not smoke)in the public area. 答案：Don't smoke解析：此句为否定祈使句，以“Dont+动词原形”开头，表示“不要在公共区域吸 烟”。 4.感叹句 表示赞美、惊异等情绪，形式是修饰性短语先行，后接主语及谓语。主语及谓语可省略。如： What a nice day!多好的天气！ How beautiful(this is)!(这)多么美丽！ How silly (yau are)！(你)真傻！ 5.简单句在语篇中的应用 Last summer,I went to the beach.It was a sunny day.I brought my swimsuit and a beach towel.My mdther gave me some sunscreen.“Put it an,”she said.I asked her,“Can I play in the water?”She replied,“Yes,but be careful!"How excited I was!The sea water was cool.I swam for a long time.Then I built a sandcastle with dther children.What awanderful experience! 去年夏天，我去了海滩。那是一个阳光明媚的日子。我带了泳衣和沙滩巾。我妈妈给了我一些防晒 霜。“穿上它，”她说。我问她：“我能在水里玩吗？”她回答说：“可以，但要小心！”我当时多兴奋啊！海水很凉 爽。我游了很久。然后我和其他孩子一起建了一座沙堡。多么美妙的经历啊！ (观察试题) In the sentence"What a wonderful experience!",which type of simple sentence does it belong to? A.Declarative sentence B.Interrogative sentence C.Imperative sentence D.Exclamatory sentence 答案：D解析：该句由“What”引导，表达强烈情感，属于感叹句，所以选D。 【总结】 注意陈述句中动词的时态、人称和数的变化，以及否定句的构成方式，包括不同时态下否定词的位置和 4 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 用法。 掌握不同类型疑问句的构成和用法，注意特殊疑问词的含义和使用场景，以及反意疑问句的规则，包括 陈述句部分的肯定或否定形式与简短疑问句部分的对应关系。 注意祈使句的语气和表达方式，以及肯定和否定祈使句的构成，同时要理解祈使句在不同语境中的含 义和作用。 掌握what和how引导感叹句的不同结构和用法，学会根据所表达的情感和句子的具体内容选择合适 的引导词，同时注意感叹句的语序和标，点符号的使用。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空 Dear Diary, Today was a great day.I gdt up early and went to the park.The sun was shining brightly,and the birds were singing.It was so beautiful.When I got to the park,there were aready many people there.Some were running,some were doing yoga,and cthers were waking their dogs.I thought to mysef,"What alovely marning!"I decided to go for a jog.As I was running,I saw a little girl feeding the ducksin the pond.She lodked so happy.I stopped and asked her,"Do you come here often?"She replied,"Yes,I love coming to the park."After a while,I felt a bit tired, so I sat down on a bench.Just then,a kind-hearted od man came up to me and said,"Young man,you should drink some water.It's important to stay hydrated when you exercise."I thanked him and took his advice.What a wonderful day it was! 2.语法填空 The plum-pudding model had a serious problem,though.In 1910,Rutherford,who was British-born but worked in Canada,decided to use alpha partices to probe the inside of atoms. (luck),the results were not at all what he expected. 3.短文改错 Dear Ms.9mith, I'm Li Hua,the chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle Schod.We were arganizing an art exhibition for high schod students in our city.It will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of our schodl.It aims to improve students art taste or deveop their creativity.A tda of 100 paintings will be on show,that are from different schods.I'm writing to invite you to attend a opening ceremony.It will start at 9:00 am and last about an hour.Lodking forward to receive your reply. Yours, Li Hua 4.语法填空 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recammend)wanderful places to eat,shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya()and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）5 【答案】 1.解析：这段语篇中包含了多种筒单句。如“The sun was shining brightly,and the birds were singing.”是陈述句，描述 了当时的天气和鸟儿的状态。“What a lovely morning!”是感叹句，表达了作者对早晨的赞美之情。“Do you come here often??”是一般疑问句，用于询问小女孩去公园的频率。“Young man,you should drink some water..”是祈使句，老人向作者 提出建议。 2.解析：“The plum-pudding model had a serious problem,though.”是陈述句，陈述了布丁模型存在问题这-事实。答 案：Luckily。 3.解析：文中“We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in our city.”是陈述句，讲述正在组织一场艺 术展览的事情。“t aims to improve students'art taste or develop their creativity.”也是陈述句，说明展览的目的。答案：将 were改为are;将or改为and;将that改为which;将a改为the;将receive改为receiving。 4.解析：“Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit."是 陈述句，陈述了主人分享经历并推荐地方的事情。答案：recommended。 6语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Welcome Unit 简单句的句型结构 1.主语+谓语（不及物动词） 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点是：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作 不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Howtime flies!时间过得真快呀！ 主语谓语 And I can play outside too.我也可以在外面玩耍。 主语谓语 In staries,SV structures describe actions:"The sun sets.Thewind whispers. 故事中常用SV结构描述动作：“太阳落下。风在低语。” (观察试题) The train (start)moving,and I watched the buildings and streets in Beijing disappear 答案：started解析：主谓结构，过去式，主语train为单数)。 2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 在此句式中，谓语为及物动词。及物动词本身需要一个动作的承受者（即宾语）才可以表达完整的意 思。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。如： Our shcod is going to hold a spoken endish match.我们学校准备举行一场英语口语比赛。 主语 谓语 宾语 My friends and I planted many trees.我朋友和我已经种了许多棵树。 主语 谓语宾语 In instructions:"Press the button..Enter your password.操作说明中：“按下按钮。输入密码。” (观察试题) I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. 答案：want后加to(want to do sth..,不定式作宾语)。 3.主语+系动词+表语 该句式中，谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，构成复合谓语才 能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫系动词。如： The theme of the hsow is environm ental protection.本次展出的主题是环境保护。 主语 系动词 表语 This is surel y a good chance far more peopleto see them. 主语系动词 表语 这对更多的人来说当然是一次欣赏它们的好机会。 In introductions:"ly nameis Anna.|am from Canada.自我介绍中：“我的名字是安娜。我来自加拿大。” (新高考1卷短文改错) The performance was such amazing that everyone present burst into applause 答案：such→so(s0+形容词amazing作表语，such后接名词)。 跟着课文学语法 、教版（必修+选必修）7 4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物 的直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。如： At the sametime,parents are giving their children too much prdtection.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。 主语谓语间接宾语 直接宾语 He boughe hislovely son a birthday present.他给他可爱的儿子买了一件生日礼物。 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 In daily reque过s"Can you pass me the salt'?日常请求：“能把盐递给我吗？” (观察试题) My mom offered to help me wash my old books and (give)them to him. 答案：give解析：与offer to do并列，双宾结构，give sth.tosb.o 5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补（宾语补足语） 本句式中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分， 如形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。如： I would liketu invite you tujcin us for a visit tothenearby nursing home next Saturday. 主语 谓语 宾语宾补 我想邀请你下周六和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。 Mike had asked the young man ndt to play the piano at midnight. 主语谓语 宾语 宾补 迈克已经请求这个年轻人不要在半夜弹钢琴。 In job descriptions"The campany named her CEO.职位描述中：“公司任命她为CEO。” (观察试题) The 19-year-old artist from Sichuan province has created a series of detailed pencil drawings that make people (cry). 答案：cry解析：make sb.do sth.,省略to的不定式作宾补 6.主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语 本句式中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如： The tmie passed very quickly.时间过得很快。 主语谓语状语 In travel blogs:"They stayed at a beach resort.The train arrived on time.旅行博客中：“他们住在海滨度假 村。火车准时到达。” The little boy will cry ifhe can't see his mother.这个小男孩看不到他的妈妈就会哭。 主语 谓语 状语 (新高考2卷语法填空) The train (start)moving,and I watched the buildings and streets in Beijing disappear. 答案：started(主谓结构，过去式，主语train为单数)。 7.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语 He settled the problem in an easy way.他用一种很简单的方法解决了这个问题。 8语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 主语谓语 宾语 状语 I would have a face to face talk with my parents in my free time 主语谓语 宾语 状语 我有空会和我的父母进行一次面对面的交流。 In safety rules."9 ore chemicals in a cod place.Handle glass with care."安全守则中：“将化学品存放在阴 凉处。小心处理玻璃。” 8.There be... 本句式中的be单复数要与最近的主语一致。 There are many studentsin the playground.操场上有许多学生。 There was a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有-支笔两本书。 In descriptions.."There was sil ence in the room.There are three apples in the basket."场景描述中：“房间里 一片寂静。篮子里有三个苹果。” (观察试题) In my hometown,there_ (be)a river which was the source of life for local people 答案：was 解析：主语ariver为单数，时态与后文was一致。 9.简单句八种结构在语篇中的应用 Last weekend,I went to the countryside.I woke up early in the marning.The sun was shining brightly.I packed my bag quickly.My mdther gave me some snacks.I thanked her.Then I rode my bike to the bus station. There were many people waiting there.I gat on the bus and sat near the window.The bus drove fast.After an hour,I arrived at the small village.I met my grandparents there.They lodked very happy.My grandmother showed me her new garden.She planted many beautiful flowers.I helped her water the plants.The time passed quickly.In the evening,I had a big dinner with my family.We ate deicious food and talked about interesting things.I felt very warm and happy.Before I left,my grandfather gave me alovely puppy.I named it Lucky.I played with it on the way home.Finally,I got back homelate at night.I wastired but excited.What a wonderful weekend! 上周末，我去了农村。我一大早就醒了。阳光灿烂。我很快收拾好行李。我妈妈给了我一些零食。我 感谢她。然后我骑自行车去了汽车站。有很多人在那里等着。我上了公共汽车，坐在窗边。公共汽车开得 很快。一个小时后，我到达了那个小村庄。我在那里遇到了我的祖父母。他们看起来很高兴。我祖母给我 看了她的新花园。她种了许多美丽的花。我帮她给植物浇水。时间过得很快。晚上，我和家人吃了一顿丰 盛的晚餐。我们吃了美味的食物，聊了有趣的事情。我感到非常温暖和快乐。在我离开之前，我爷爷给了 我一只可爱的小狗。我把它命名为Lucky。我在回家的路上玩过它。最终，我深夜回到了家。我很累，但很 兴奋。多么美妙的周末啊！ (观察试题) What is the function of "There were many people waiting there."in the passage? A.To introduce the main character B.To describe the environment of the bus station C.To show the action of the character D.To express the emotion of the character 答案：B解析：该句使用There be结构，描述了公交车站有很多人在等的场景，即车站的环境。 【总结】 从“识别”到“应用”的三步法 跟着课文学语法 人教版（必修+选必修）⑨ 识别结构：看到句子先找谓语动词，判断是V1.Wt./系动词，确定基本结构类型。 检查成分：确保结构完整（如S+V+O不能缺宾语，S+L+P不能用副词作表语） 语境应用：在写作中主动使用不同结构，避免句式单一，同时注意高考高频考点（主谓一致、宾补形式等）。 【单元练习题】 1.语法填空 ①The children (play)happily in the park now.(主谓结构) ②She always (read)books in her freetime.(主谓宾结构) ③My father (give)me anew bikela过wee.(主谓双宾结构) ④We found the story (intere过).（主谓宾宾补结构） ⑤The soup (tate)delicious.(主系表结构) 2.句子结构分析 指出下列句子属于哪种结构类型（主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补、主系表） 1 The sun risesin the east. 2 He bought a book yesterday. 3 She showed her friends her photos. 4Wekeep our classroom dean every day. 5 The music sounds wonderful.( 3.单句改错 1Helooked a me and smiled happily,and his facelooked happily,too 2 I made my mother a beautiful card on Mother's Day,and she was very happy.But I found she put it everywhere 3 The old man walks in the park every morning and feeds birds there.He always finds birds sing songs happily 4 My sister gave anew bike to meon my birthday,and I like it very much. 5 The food smelswell,and I can't wait totasteit. 4.完成句子 ①孩子们正在操场上打篮球（主谓宾结构）The children basketball on the playground. ②她给我讲了一个有趣的故事。（主谓双宾结构）She_ an interesting story. 3我们必须保持教室干净整洁。（主谓宾宾补结构）Nemu过 the classroom and tidy ④这个女孩看起来很开心。（主系表结构）The girl very ⑤鸟儿在天空中飞翔（主谓结构）The birds in the sky. 5.语篇填空 Last Sunday,my family and I went on a trip.We 1. (start)early in the morning.My father 10语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 2 (drive)the car.When we arrived at the park,we saw many beautiful flowers.The flowers 3. (smell)sweet.My mother took out some food and 4. (give)it to us.We sat on the grass and enjoyed the food.After that,my parents asked me 5. (help)them clean up.I was happy 6. (do)it.It was a wonderful day! 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：are playing解析根据“now'可知用现在进行时，主语“The children”是复数，所以填are playing,构成主谓结 构。 ②答案：reads解析“She”是第三人称单数，always表明是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用reads,“read books”是动宾 结构，整句为主谓宾结构。 ③)答案：gave解析“'last week'”是一般过去时的标志，“give sb.sth.”是主谓双宾结构，所以填gave。 ④答案：interesting解析“fnd+宾语+宾语补足语”，此处用形容词interesting作宾补，补充说明“'the story”,构成主 谓宾宾补结构。 ⑤答案：tastes解析“The soup”是第三人称单数，描述事实用一般现在时，“taste”是系动词，后接形容词delicious作 表语，构成主系表结构。 2.句子结构分析 ①答案：主谓结构解析“The sun”是主语，“rises”是谓语，没有宾语，属于主谓结构。 ②答案：主谓宾结构解析“He”是主语，“bought'”是谓语，“a book'”是宾语，构成主谓宾结构。 ③答案：主谓双宾结构解析“She”是主语，“showed”是谓语，“her friends'”是间接宾语，“her photos'”是直接宾语，属 于主谓双宾结构。 ④答案：主谓宾宾补结构解析“We”是主语，“keep”是谓语，“our classroom”是宾语，“clean'”是宾语补足语，补充说 明教室的状态，构成主谓宾宾补结构。 ⑤答案：主系表结构解析“The music'”是主语，“sounds”是系动词，“wonderful'是形容词作表语，构成主系表结构。 3.单句改错 ①答案：第二个“happily'改为“happy”解析：“looked''在此处是系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以把happily改为 happy ②答案：“everywhere'”改为“somewhere”解析：根据语境，此处表示“把卡片放在某个地方”，而不是“到处放”，所以 把everywhere改为somewhere。 ③答案：“sing”改为“singing”解析“find sb.doing sth.”表示“发现某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，所以把 sing改为singing。 ④答案：在“gave”后加“me”解析“give sb.sth.”是主谓双宾结构，此处缺少间接宾语me,所以要加上。 ⑤答案：“wel”改为“good”解析“smells'”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，wel‖作形容词时表示“身体好”，此处表示 “闻起来香”，要用good。 4.完成句子 ①答案：are playing解析根据语境可知用现在进行时，“be+动词现在分词”，主语是复数，所以填are playing。 ②答案：told me解析“tell sb.sth.”表示“告诉某人某事”，是主谓双宾结构，根据语境用一般过去时，所以填told me。 ③)答案：keep;clean解析“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”，“保持教室干净”用keep the classroom clean,must后接动 词原形。 ④答案：looks;happy解析“look”是系动词，“the girl”是第三人称单数，一般现在时用looks,后接形容词happy作表 语。 ⑤答案：fy解析描述一般事实用一般现在时，“The birds”是复数，谓语动词用原形fy,构成主谓结构。 5.语篇填空 ①答案：started解析“Last Sunday”'表明是一般过去时，所以填stat的过去式started,构成主谓结构。 ②答案：drove解析同是一般过去时，“drive”的过去式是drove,“My father drove the car'”是主谓宾结构。 ③答案：smelled解析讲述过去的事情用一般过去时，“smell''的过去式是smelled,“The flowers smelled sweet'”是主 系表结构。 ④答案：gave解析一般过去时，“give”的过去式是gave,“give sth.tosb.”是主谓双宾结构。 ⑤答案：to help解析“ask sb.to do sth.”表示“要求某人做某事”，所以填to help,“my parents asked me to help them clean up”是主谓宾宾补结构。 ⑥答案：todo解析“be happy to do sth.”表示“很高兴做某事”，所以填todo。 跟着课文学语法 教版（必修+选必修）11 Unit 1 Teenage life 名词短语的句法功能 一、名词短语的句法功能 英语名词短语是由核心名词及其修饰成分（如限定词、形容词、介词短语、分词等）构成的短语，其句法 功能多样，可充当句子中的多种成分。 1.作主语 作为句子的主体，表示动作的执行者或状态的主体。如： The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。（简单名词短语作主语） The students enthusiasm inspired the teacher.学生们的热情激励了老师，（所有格名词短语作主语） A combinati on of factorsled to the decision..多种因素的结合导致了这一决定。（复杂名词短语作主语） (观察试题) The variety of goods in the shop (attract)many customers. 答案：attracts解析：主语核心词是单数名词"variety'",而非复数"goods",根据主谓一致原则，动词用第 三人称单数形式。 2.作宾语 作为动词或介词的承受对象，表示动作的直接或间接目标。如： She enjoys reading novels..她喜欢读小说。（动名词短语作宾语） He picked up the broken cup.他捡起了那个打碎的杯子，（定冠词+形容词+名词短语作宾语） They walked towards the river.他们朝河边走去。（名词短语作介词宾语） She sang with deep emcticn.她唱得充满深情。（抽象名词短语作介词宾语） (观察试题) He handed his teacher the report yesterday 解析：正确。"hand sb.sth."是双宾语结构，"his teacher'"(间接宾语)和"the report"(直接宾语)均为名 词短语，无需修改。 3.作表语 位于系动词（如be,become,sem等）后，说明主语的性质、身份或状态。如： He is adoctor..他是个医生。（职业名词作表语） Thisproblem remains a mystery.这个问题仍是个谜，（抽象名词作表语） Her dream finally became a reality..她的梦想最终变成了现实。（名词化形容词作表语） (观察试题) My favorite sport is(swim),which keeps me healthy. 答案：swimming解析：主语"sport"是名词，表语需用名词短语，动名词"swimming"作表语，与主语词 性一致。 4.作同位语 对另一个名词或名词短语进行补充说明，二者在语义上等同或相关。如： My friend,Sarh,is an artist.我的朋友萨拉是个艺术家（专有名词作同位语） They visited the city of Paris.他们参观了巴黎这座城市。（名词短语作地，点同位语） His hobby,,collecting stamps,started in childhood.他的爱好集邮从童年就开始了，（动名词短语作同 12语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍