跟着课文学语法丨北师大版·选择性必修三

2025-10-07
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语北师大版选择性必修第三册
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-10-07
更新时间 2026-06-01
作者 太原四季文化图书有限公司
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-10-07
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Unit 7 Careers 非谓语动词 概述 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要的学习内容,它在句子中不能充当谓语,但可承担其他多种成分, 使句子表达更加丰富多样。非谓语动词主要包括不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing和 过去分词done)。下面将深人探讨其用法、语义及在不同语境中的应用。 一、不定式 1.作主语 不定式作主语时,常表示具体的、一次性的动作,有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用t作形式主语,而将真 正的主语不定式后置。 To learn a foreign language well is not easy..学好一门外语不容易。 It is not easy to learn a foreign language well. 2.作宾语 有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语,常见的有want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、expect(期望) refuse(拒绝)、promise(承诺)等。 She wants to buy a new bike.她想买一辆新自行车。 They decided to go on a trip this weekend.他们决定这个周末去旅行。 3.作宾语补足语 在“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,不定式可作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的动作或状态。常见的接 不定式作宾补的动词有ask(要求)、tel(告诉)、want(想要)、order(命令)、encourage(鼓励)等。 The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.老师要求我们按时完成作业。 My parents encourage me to study hard.我的父母鼓励我努力学习。 4.作定语 不定式作定语时,要放在被修饰词的后面,与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(todo与work是动宾关系) He is the first person to come to the party..他是第一个来参加派对的人。 (to come与person是主谓关系) 5.作状语 不定式可作目的、结果、原因等状语。 目的状语:To get good grades,we should study hard..为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。 结果状语:He got up late,only to miss the first bus.他起晚了,结果错过了第一班公交车。 原因状语:Im very happy to see you..见到你我很高兴。 5.时态与语态 ①一般式:表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。 I hope to visit the Great Wall next year..我希望明年去参观长城。(isit的动作在hope之后) 跟着课文学语法 北师大版(必修+选必修117 ②进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。 When I came in,he seemed to be reading a book.我进来的时候,他似乎正在看书。 ③完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 He is said to have finished his work.据说他已经完成了工作。(finish的动作在is said之前) ④被动式:当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动式。 The house is to be built next month.这房子下个月将被建造。 ④完成被动式:表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成,且是被动的。 The task is reported to have been completed on time.据报道任务已经按时完成了。 (观察试题) a good story,you need to choose a good topic first. A.Write B.Writing C.To write D.Written 【解析】此处表示目的,“为了写出一个好故事”,用不定式作目的状语,选C。 语篇示例 Tom decided to take part in the English speech contest.To prepare for it,he spent a lot of time looking for materials.He asked his teacher to help him correct his pronunciation.Finally,he managed to get a high score,which made his parents very proud. 二、动名词 1.作主语 动名词作主语时,通常表示抽象的、习惯性的动作或概念,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is a good way to improve our knowledge.阅读是提高我们知识的好方法。 Collecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的爱好。 2.作宾语 许多动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practise(练习)、mind(介意) avoid(避免)、suggest(建议)、keep(保持)、miss(错过)、consider(考虑)、admit(承认)等。另外,在一些短 语如look forward to(期待)、be used to(习惯于)pay attention to(注意)、devote..to.(致力于)等中,to是 介词,后面也接动名词作宾语。 She enjoys listening to music in her free time.她喜欢在空闲时间听音乐g Im looking forward to meeting you soon.我期待着很快见到你。 3.作表语 动名词作表语时,对主语进行解释说明,主语和表语通常可以互换位置。 Her job is teaching English.她的工作是教英语。=Teaching English is her job..) 4.作定语 动名词作定语时,通常表示被修饰词的用途、功能等,放在被修饰词之前。 a swimming pool(游泳池) a reading room(阅览室) 5.时态与语态 ①一般式:表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。 I remember seeing him in the park yesterday.我记得昨天在公园见过他。 (see的动作与remember同时或在其之前)》 118语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 ②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。但在句中作宾语时,通常用一般式代替完成式,强调 动作的先后顺序时才用完成式。 Having finished his homework,he went out to play..完成作业后,他出去玩了。 ③被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动式。 The building being built is our new library..正在被建造的那栋楼是我们的新图书馆。 ④完成被动式:表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成,且是被动的。在句中作宾语时,也常用一般 被动式代替完成被动式。 Having been shown around the city,,they felt very excited.被带领着参观了这座城市后,他们感到非 常兴奋。 (观察试题) I really appreciate to your party. A.invite B.inviting C.to invite D.being invited 【解析】appreciate后接动名词作宾语,“我被邀请”,用被动形式,选D。 语篇示例 My sister loves dancing.She practices dancing every day.She dreams of becoming a famous dancer.She often goes to dance classes,which helps her improve her skills.Dancing makes her life m ore colorful 三、分词(现在分词和过去分词) 1现在分词 ①作定语:单个现在分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词之前,表示被修饰词的特征或正在进行的动作;现 在分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。 a running boy一个正在跑步的男孩 The boy running on the playground is my brother.正在操场上跑步的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 (=The boy who is running on the playground is my brother. ②作表语:现在分词作表语时,说明主语的性质、特征或状态,意为“令人…的”,主语通常是物。 The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。 ③作宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示宾语正在进行的动 作。常见的接现在分词作宾补的动词有see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)、find(发现)、keep(使保持) 等。 I saw him playing basketball on the playground.我看见他正在操场上打篮球。 ④作状语:现在分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随等。分词的逻辑主语通常与句子 的主语一致。 时间状语:Valking in the street,I met an old friend.当我在街上走的时候,我遇到了一位老朋友。 原因状语:Being ill,,he didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病,他昨天没去上学。 结果状语:He fell off the bike,breaking his leg.他从自行车上摔下来,摔断了腿。 条件状语:Working hard,you will succeed.如果你努力工作,你会成功的。 让步状语:Although working very hard,he still failed the exam.尽管他学习很努力,但还是考试不及 格。 跟着课文学语法 北师大版(必修+选必修119 ⑤伴随状语:She sat on the sofa,.watching TV.她坐在沙发上,看着电视。 时态与语态 ①一般式(doig):表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 hile reading the book,I fell asleep.我看书的时候睡着了。 ②完成式(having done):表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having finished his work,he went home.完成工作后,他回家了。 ③被动式(being done):当现在分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动式,表示正在进行的被动动 作。 The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题非常重要。 ④完成被动式(having been done):表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经完成,且是被动的。 Having been trained for a long time,the dog can do many things.经过长时间训练,这只狗能做很多 事情。 2.过去分词 ①作定语:单个过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词之前,表示被动或完成的动作;过去分词短语作定 语时,放在被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。 a broken window一扇破窗户 The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.鲁迅写的这本书很有名。 (The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous.) ①作表语:过去分词作表语时,说明主语所处的状态,主语通常是人,意为“感到…的”。 Im interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。 ②作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示宾语已经完成的被 动动作。常见的接过去分词作宾补的动词有have(使,让)、make(使)、get(使)、see(看见)、hear(听见)等。 I had my bike repaired yesterday.我昨天让人修了我的自行车。 ③作状语:过去分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等,其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一 致。 时间状语:Seen from the top of the hill,.the city looks very beautiful..从山顶上看,这座城市看起来非 常漂亮。 原因状语:Tired of the noise,he went out..因为厌烦了噪音,他出去了。 条件状语:Given more time,we can do it better..如果给我们更多时间,我们能做得更好。 让步状语:Although defeated,they didnt lose heart.尽管被打败了,但他们没有灰心。 伴随状语:He came in,followed by his dog.他进来了,后面跟着他的狗。 时态与语态:过去分词本身表示被动和完成,没有时态和语态的变化(除了与have等助动词构成完成时 态或被动语态)。 (观察试题) in 1950,this company has a long history. A.Found B.Founded C.Finding D.To found 【解析】“公司被建立”,用过去分词作状语,found的过去分词是founded,选B。 语篇示例 The sun shining brightly in the sky,we went on a picnic.We found a nice place under a big tree. 120语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 The grass covered with fallen leaves looked soft.Sitting on the grass,we enjoyed the delicious food, chatting and laughing. 【单元练习】 1.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入括号内动词的适当形式。 ① _(see)from the space,the earth looks like a blue ball. 2 She is used to (get)up early in the morning 3I heard her(sing)in the next room just now. 4 The boy(stand)at the door is my classmate ⑤The work (do)tomorrow is very important. ⑥ (not receive)his letter,I decided to call him 7 The teacher asked us(hand)in our homework on time ⑧I cant help_ .(laugh)when I see the funny picture ⑨ (finish)his homework,he went out to play football. 10 The book is worth (read). 2.读后续写(根据所给语段,用适当的非谓语动词完成续写) 阅读下面语段,根据提示进行续写,注意非谓语动词的正确使用。 Last weekend,I went to the zoo with my family.Arriving at the zoo,we saw many people (wait)in line to buy tickets.We joined the line and got our tickets quickly.Entering the zoo,we were attracted by the cute animals 续写提示:我们看到猴子在树上玩耍,大象在散步…最后我们开心地回家了。 要求:续写两段,每段不少于100词,适当运用非谓语动词。 3.短文改错(找出文中关于非谓语动词的错误并改正)》 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 I like read books in my free time.Last week,I decided buy a new book.When I went to the bookstore,I saw a lot of people choosing books.I began look for the book that I wanted.The salesperson advised me choose a best-seller,but I refused.I spent two hours find the book.After buy it,I couldnt wait to read it.I think read books can help me learn a lot. 4.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) A:Hi,Mike!What are you planning (do)this weekend? B:Im considering (go)to the mountains.I want _(enjoy)the fresh air and beautiful scenery. A:Sounds great!But it might be a bit cold in the mountains.Remember _(take)some warm clothes. 跟着课文学语法 北师大版(必修+选必修121 B:Thanks for reminding me.Ill make sure. (pack)them.What about you?Do you have any plans? A:Im thinking about(visit)my grandparents.They live in the countryside.I havent seen them for a long time. B:Thats nice.Spending time with family is important.You can help them(do)some farm work. A:Yeah,I will.Im looking forward to(see)them. B:Have a good time! A:You too.Hope you have an amazing trip to the mountains. 【答案】 1.语法填空 1.Seen 2.getting 3.singing 4.standing 5.to be done 6.Not having received 7.to hand 8.laughing 9.Having finished 10.reading 2.读后续写(略)】 3.短文改错 read→reading(like后接动名词作宾语) buy前加to(decide后接不定式作宾语) look前加to(begin后接不定式作宾语) choose前加to(advise sb.to do sth.) find-finding(spend time doing sth.) buy→buying(ater是介词,后接动名词) read一reading(此处作主语,用动名词形式) 4.语法填空 1.to do 2.going 3.to enjoy 4.to take 5.to pack 6.visiting 7.(to)do 8.to meet 9.waiting 10.to solv 122语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Unit 8 Literature 动态动词和静态动词 在英语中,动词根据其表达的意义和特点可分为动态动词(Dynamic Verbs)和静态动词(Stative Vebs)。两者在用法上存在明显差异,尤其在时态、语态和非谓语形式的使用上,掌握它们的区别对准确运 用英语至关重要。 一、动态动词 动态动词表示动作或过程,即主语所执行的具体行为,这类动词可以体现动作的开始、进行、结束等过 程,通常可以用于进行时态。 分类及示例 ①表示具体动作的动词:这类动词描述主语发出的具体行为,如walk(走)、run(跑)、eat(吃)、write(写)、 play(玩)等。 She is walking in the park.她正在公园里散步。(用现在进行时,体现动作正在进行) He wrote a letter yesterday.他昨天写了一封信。(用一般过去时,体现动作已完成) ②表示转变或变化的动词:如pecome(变成)、grow(成长)、change(改变)、turn(转变)等。 The leaves are turning yellow.树叶正在变黄,(用现在进行时,体现变化过程) He has become a doctor..他已经成为一名医生。(用现在完成时,体现转变结果) ③表示短暂动作的动词:如jump(跳)、knock(敲)hit(打)等,这类动词的进行时态可表示动作的重复。 The boy is jumping up and down..那个男孩在上下跳(用现在进行时,体现动作重复) Someone is knocking at the door..有人在敲门。(用现在进行时,体现动作正在发生) 用法特点 ①可用于进行时态:动态动词最显著的特点是可以用于各种进行时态,强调动作的进行或过程。 They are playing football on the playground.他们正在操场上踢足球,(现在进行时) I was reading a book when he came in.他进来时我正在看书,(过去进行时) ②可用于被动语态:当主语是动作的承受者时,动态动词可用于被动语态。 The letter was written by Tom.这封信是汤姆写的。(被动语态) The house is being built..这所房子正在被建造,(现在进行时的被动语态) ③可与表示次数、频率的状语连用:体现动作发生的频率或次数。 She exercises every morning.她每天早上锻炼,(表示频率) He has visited Beijing three times.他去过北京三次。(表示次数) (观察试题) Look!The children happily in the garden. A.play B.played C.are playing D.will play 【解析】句中“Look!"提示动作正在进行,“play”是动态动词,用现在进行时,选C。句意为“看!孩子们 正在花园里开心地玩耍。” 语篇示例 It is a sunny morning.Many people are doing different things in the park.Some old men are 跟着课文学语法 北师大版(必修+选必修123 playing chess under the tree.A group of children are running after each other.A young woman is taking photos of the flowers.A boy is flying a kite,and his mother is watching him.Everyone is enjoying the beautiful day. 二、静态动词 静态动词表示状态或性质,即主语所具有的特征、关系、情感等,不体现动作的过程,通常不用于进行时 态。 分类及示例 ①表示心理状态的动词:如know(知道)、believe(相信)、think(认为)、Iike(喜欢)、hate(讨厌)、love(爱)、 understand(理解)等。 I know him very well.(我很了解他。表示心理状态,不用于进行时) She likes music very much.(她非常喜欢音乐。表示情感状态) ①表示感官状态的动词:如see(看见)、hear(听见)、smell(闻起来)taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉)等,这类动 词表示感官的感受,而非具体的动作。 The flowers smell good.(这些花闻起来很香。表示感官状态) This soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。表示感官感受) ②表示属关系的动词:如have(有)、own(拥有)、belong to(属于)等。 He has a big house.(他有一所大房子。表示所属关系) This book belongs to me.(这本书属于我。表示归属关系) ③表示特征或性质的动词:如be(是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、cost(花费)weigh(重)等。 The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是木头做的。表示特征) The bag weighs two kilos..(这个袋子重两公斤。表示性质) 用法特点 ①通常不用于进行时态:静态动词表示的是一种稳定的状态,而非正在进行的动作,因此一般不用于进行 时。 正确:I like English.我喜欢英语。 错误:I am liking English.(不用于现在进行时) ②可用于一般时态:常用一般现在时、一般过去时等表示状态的存在或持续。 She believed his words.她相信他的话。(一般过去时) They know the truth.他们知道真相(一般现在时) ③部分动词的特殊用法:有些静态动词在特定语境下可转化为动态动词,用于进行时态,此时含义发生变 化。 He is thinking about the problem.他正在思考这个问题。(think此处表示“思考”的动作,为动态用法) The chef is tasting the soup.厨师正在尝汤(“taste"此处表示“品尝”的动作,为动态用法) (观察试题) She French very well A.knows B.is knowing C.knew D.was knowing 【解析】“kow”是静态动词,不用于进行时态,句意为“她法语说得很好”,用一般现在时,选A。 语篇示例 124语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Tom is a good student.He knows a lot of knowledge.He believes that hard work can lead to success.He likes reading books,and he owns many interesting books.His room has a big bookshelf, which is full of books.He thinks reading can open his mind.All his teachers and classmates like him because he is very helpful. 三、动态动词与静态动词的对比 特点 动态动词(Dynamic Verbs) 静态动词(Stative Verbs) 含义 表示动作或过程 表示状态或性质 进行时态用法 可用于进行时态,强调动作进行 通常不用于进行时态 被动语态用法 可用于被动语态 通常不用于被动语态 示例 walk,run,write,play know,like,have,be (观察试题) Which of the following sentences is correct? A.He is having a new car. B.She is knowing the answer. C.They are playing basketball. D.I am liking this movie. 【解析】A项“have”表示“拥有”时是静态动词,不用于进行时;B项“know”是静态动词,不用于进行时;C 项“play”是动态动词,可用于现在进行时,正确;D项“ike”是静态动词,不用于进行时。选C。 语篇示例: 动态动词语篇:The workers are building a new bridge.They start work early every morning and stop late in the evening.They have built half of the bridge so far.Next month,they will finish the project. 静态动词语篇:The bridge is long and strong.It belongs to the city.Many people know it is an important project.They believe it will bring convenience to their lives. 【单元练习】 1.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1 Look!The girl(dance)in the hall. ②My brother (have)a new computer ③She (like)eating chocolate very much. ④They (build)a new school in our town now. ⑤1 (know)him since we were children. ⑥The cake (taste)very delicious. ⑦Listen!Someone (sing)in the next room. 8 This book (belong)to my sister. ⑨He (think)about the problem for a long time. 10 The sun (rise)in the east every day. 2.短文改错(找出文中关于动态动词和静态动词的错误并改正) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 跟着课文学语法 北师大版(必修+选必修125 I am having a good friend.His name is Tom.He is knowing many things and he is liking to share them with others.We often are playing basketball after school.He is having a big basketball.It is belonging to his father. Tom is seeming very happy today because he has got a new book.He is thinking it is very interesting.I am wanting to read it too.We are believing we will have a good time together. 3.语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) A:Hi,Lucy!What are you(do)now? B:I (read)a book.It (tell)a very interesting story. A:What is it about? B:It is about a girl who (travel)around the world.She(visit)many countries and (meet)a lot of people. A:Sounds great.I (like)such stories.Can I read it after you? B:Of course.I (finish)it in two days. A:Thank you.I (wait)for it. B:Youre welcome. 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①is dancing:“Look!""提示动作正在进行,“dance”是动态动词,用现在进行时。 2has:“have”表示“拥有”,是静态动词,用一般现在时。 ③ikes:“ike”是静态动词,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数。 ④are building:“now'提示动作正在进行,“build''是动态动词,用现在进行时。 5)have known:“since"提示用现在完成时,“know'是静态动词,可用于完成时。 6)tastes:“taste"表示感官状态,是静态动词,用一般现在时。 ⑦is singing:“Listen!"提示动作正在进行,“sing”是动态动词,用现在进行时。 ⑧belongs:“belong to”是静态动词短语,用一般现在时。 ⑨has been thinking:“for a long time”提示动作持续,“think'此处表示“思考"的动作,是动态用法,用现在完成进行时。 0 rises:表示客观事实,“rise”是动态动词,用一般现在时。 2.短文改错 ①am having→have:“have"表示“拥有"时是静态动词,不用于进行时。 2 is knowing→knows:“knoW'是静态动词,不用于进行时,用一般现在时: ③is liking→likes:“ike”是静态动词,不用于进行时,用一般现在时。 ④are playing一play:“oten"提示用一般现在时,“play”是动态动词,此处表示习惯性动作。 ⑤is having一has:“have”表示“拥有”时是静态动词,不用于进行时。 ⑥is belonging一belongs:“belong to”是静态动词短语,不用于进行时。 ⑦is seeming一seems:“seem”是静态动词,不用于进行时,用一般现在时。 8 is thinking一thinks:“think”此处表示“认为”,是静态动词,不用于进行时。 ⑨)am wanting→want:“want'是静态动词,不用于进行时,用一般现在时。 0 are believing→believe:“believe”是静态动词,不用于进行时,用一般现在时。 1.语法填空 ①doing:“now”提示用现在进行时,“do”是动态动词。 ②am reading:表示正在进行的动作,“read”是动态动词,用现在进行时。 3tels:“it”指代书,“tel”是动态动词,用一般现在时。 ④travels:此处表示习惯性动作,“travel'”是动态动词,用一般现在时。 ⑤visits;meets:与“travels”并列,用一般现在时。 6ike:“like”是静态动词,用一般现在时。 ⑦will finish:“in two days"提示用一般将来时,“finish”是动态动词。 8)will wait:表示将来的动作,“wait”是动态动词,用一般将来时。 126语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍

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