跟着课文学语法丨北师大版·必修三

Unit 7 Art 主语从句 一、主语从句的概念 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以位于句首，也可以借助形式主语t,将真正的主语从句后置。其 作用是使句子结构更加平衡，避免头重脚轻。 1.从属连词 that(无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不可省略)、whether(是否)。 That he passed the exam made us all happy. 他通过了考试，这让我们都很高兴。(that引导主语从句，在从句中不做成分，仅起引导作用) hether he will come or not is still unknown.他是否会来仍然未知。（(whether引导主语从句，表“是 否”) 2.连接代词 what(…的东西/事情)、who(谁)whom(谁，宾格)、whose(谁的)which(哪一个)。 hat he said is very important.他说的话非常重要。(what在从句中作said的宾语) Who will win the game is hard to say..谁将赢得比赛很难说，(who在从句中作主语) 3.连接副词 when(什么时候)、where(在哪里)、why(为什么)，how(如何)。 hen he will arrive is not clear.他什么时候到达还不清楚。(when在从句中作时间状语) How she managed to finish the work in such a short time is a mystery. 她如何在这么短的时间内完成工作是个谜。(how在从句中作方式状语) (观察试题) he likes the book is not clear. A.That B.What C.Whether D.Which 答案：C解析：根据句意“他是否喜欢这本书还不清楚”，表示“是否”用whether引导主语从句。 二、主语从句的不同类型及用法 1.由hat引导的主语从句 当从句是一个完整的陈述句时，用that引导，that本身无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，但在句首 引导主语从句时不能省略。 That she is a good teacher is known to us all.她是一位好老师，这一点我们都知道。 That the earth moves around the sun is a we‖-known fact..地球绕着太阳转是一个众所周知的事 实。 2.由连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，具有疑问意义。 hat we need is more time.我们需要的是更多时间，(what在从句中作need的宾语) hose book this is remains a puzzle.这是谁的书仍然是个谜，(hose在从句中作book的定语) 44 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 3.由连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词在从句中充当状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 Where we will have the meeting has not been decided yet. 我们将在哪里开会还没有决定。(where在从句中作地点状语) hy he left in a hurry is not clear.他为什么匆忙离开还不清楚。(why在从句中作原因状语) (观察试题) broke the window remains a mystery. A.What B.Who C.That D.Which 答案：B解析：根据句意“谁打破了窗户仍然是个谜”，从句缺少主语，且表示“谁”，用who引导主语从句。 三、形式主语t的用法 当主语从句较长时，为避免句子结构失衡，常用t作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置，常见结构有： 1.t+be+形容词(important,necessary,strange等)+that从句。 It is necessary that we should learn English well..我们学好英语是有必要的。 2.t+be+名词(a pity,,a fact,a wonder等)+that从句。 It is a pity that he didnt come to the party.他没来参加派对，真可惜。 3.lt+be+过去分词(said,reported,believed等)+that从句。 It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。 4.It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句。 It seems that he is very happy.他似乎很开心 (观察试题) It is reported _more new schools will be built in our city next year. A.that B.what C.which D.how 答案：A解析：“It is reported”后接that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that more new schools will be built in our city next year" 四、主语从句在语篇中的应用 It is obvious that our environment is getting worse.What we should do now is to take immediate action.Whether we can save the earth depends on everyones efforts.How we protect the environment is a question that we should think about carefully.That we live a low-carbon life can make a difference. 很明显，我们的环境正在恶化。我们现在应该做的是立即采取行动。我们是否能够拯救地球取决于每 个人的努力。我们如何保护环境是一个我们应该仔细思考的问题。我们过低碳生活能够产生影响。 (观察试题) In the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE according to the use of subject clauses? A.What we should do now is unimportant. B.Whether we can save the earth doesnt depend on anyone. C.How we protect the environment is a signifcant question. 跟着课文学语法 北师大版（必修+选必修）45 D.That we live a low-carbon life makes no difference. 答案：C解析：文中提到“How we protect the environment is a question that we should think about carefully'”,说明如何保护环境是一个重要问题，A、B、D选项与原文中主语从句表达的意思不符。 【总结】 牢记不同引导词(that,whether,,连接代词/副词)的含义和在从句中的成分，根据从句是否缺成分选择 合适的引导词。 掌握主语从句直接位于句首和用形式主语"t”的两种结构，根据句子平衡选择合适的句式。 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 在某些形容词后的主语从句中，谓语动词用"should+动词原形"，should可省略。 在阅读中，通过语篇分析主语从句的实际应用；在写作时，学会用主语从句丰富句子结构和表达逻辑关系。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空（用合适的连接词填空》 ① he will come to the party tonight is still unknown. ② we need is more money to carry out the project. ③It is a pity she missed the chance to study abroad. ④ the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. ⑤ broke the glass should be responsible for it. 2.短文改错（每句均有一处与主语从句相关的错误，找出并改正）》 1 That he was late for school was because he missed the early bus. 2 What did he say at the meeting is very important. 3 It is known to all of us that if he is a good student. 4 Whether will they attend the concert makes no difference. 5Which team will win the match are still uncertain. 3.语篇填空（在空白处填入适当的连接词或根据提示完成句子） It is clear 1. the Internet has changed our lives greatly.2. we communicate with others,shop,or study,the Internet provides us with great convenience.3. matters most is how we make good use of it.Some people worry 4. too much time spent online may affect our study and health.5. we can balance our online and offline life is a question we should consider.6. _（据说)that more and more people are realizing the importance of a healthy Internet usage. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析（分析下列句子中主语从句的连接词及在从句中的成分和作用） 1 Why he suddenly changed his mind remains a secret. 2 What we saw in the museum yesterday left a deep impression on us. 5.句子改写（根据要求改写句子） ①He will come back next week.It is certain.(合并为含主语从句的句子，用it作形式主语) ②Did she pass the exam?It is not clear..(合并为含主语从句的句子，用it作形式主语) ③Where will they build the new factory?This is a problem.(改为主语从句) 6.写作应用（根据中文提示，用主语从句完成英语句子） ①他是否会成功还不知道。 is still unknown. 46 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 ②我们需要的是更多的时间和精力。 is more time and energy ③很明显，他在考试中作弊了。 he cheated in the exam. ④谁打破了窗户应该受到惩罚。 should be punished. ⑤她为什么离开这个城市仍然是个谜。 remains a mystery. 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：Whether解析：根据句意“他今晚是否会来参加派对还不知道”，表示“是否”用Whether引导主语从句。 2)答案：What解析：“ we need'中缺少宾语，“我们需要的东西”用What引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。 ③)答案：that解析：“It is a pity”后接that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语，that无意义且不充当成分，不可省略。 ④答案：When解析：根据句意“会议什么时候举行还没有决定”，表示时间“什么时候”用When引导主语从句，在从句中 作时间状语。 ⑤答案：Nhoever解析：“ broke the glass'”中缺少主语，“无论谁打破了玻璃”用Whoever引导主语从句，相 当于Anyone who。 2.短文改错 ①答案：将because改为that析：“That he was late for school'是主语从句，“he missed the early bus”是表语从句， 表语从句解释原因时用that引导，不用because,所以将because改为that。 ②答案：将did he sayi改为he said解析：主语从句要用陈述语序，所以将“did he say'改为陈述语序“he said”。 3答案：去掉f解析：“It is known to all of us”后接that引导的主语从句，从句是陈述句，不需要f,应去掉if ④答案：将will they改为they will解析：主语从句要用陈述语序，所以将“will they"改为陈述语序“'they will'。 ⑤答案：将are改为is解析：“Which team will win the match”是主语从句，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所 以将are改为is。 3.语篇填空 ①)答案：that解析：“It is clear”后接that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语，that无意义且不充当成分 2答案：Whether解析：根据“ _we communicate with others,shop,or study”可知，此处表示“无论我们是 交流、购物还是学习”，用hether引导让步状语从句，与or搭配使用。 3)答案：What解析：“ matters most'”中缺少主语，“最重要的事情”用What引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。 ④答案：that解析：“Some people worry'”后接that引导的宾语从句，that无意义且不充当成分，可省略，但此处为了句子 结构清晰，保留that。 ⑤答案：How解析：根据“ we can balance our online and offline life”可知，此处表示“我们如何平衡线上和 线下生活”，用How引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语。 ⑥答案：It is said解析：“据说”常用“It is said that.”结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是hat从句。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①连接词：Wy成分：在从句中作原因状语作用：引导主语从句，说明“他突然改变主意”的原因是一个秘密，整个主语 从句在句中作主语。 ②连接词：What成分：在从句中作sw的宾语作用：引导主语从句，指代“我们在博物馆看到的东西”，整个主语从句在 句中作主语，表明看到的事物给我们留下深刻印象。 5.句子改写 ①答案：It is certain that he will come back next week 2答案：It is not clear whether she passed the exam, ③答案：Where they will build the new factory is a problem. 6.写作应用 ①答案：Whether he will succeed②答案：What we need ③)答案：It is obvious that ④答案：Whoever broke the window⑤答案：Why she left the city 跟着课文学语法 北师大版（必修+选必修）47 表语从句 一、表语从句的定义与基本结构 表语从句位于系动词（如be,seem,look,remain,become等）之后，用来说明主语的内容、性质、特征 或状态，在句中充当表语成分，是主系表结构句子的重要组成部分。 基本结构：主语+系动词+表语从句 The question is whether we can finish the work on time.问题是我们是否能按时完成工作。 My suggestion is that we should start early.我的建议是我们应该早点出发o It seems that he has known the truth.似乎他已经知道了真相。 二、表语从句的连接词 1.从属连词 ①ht:无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，但引导表语从句时通常不能省略（在口语或非正式文 体中偶尔可省略)。 The fact is that he didnt tell the truth.事实是他设有说实话。 ②whether:表示“是否”，不充当句子成分，不能用if替换（在表语从句中，if不能引导表语从句）。 The problem is whether they will support us.问题是他们是否会支持我们。 2.连接代词 ①what:在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，意为“…的东西/事情”。 hat he wants is a book..他想要的是一本书。(what在从句中作宾语) ②ho:在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为“谁”。 The winner is who has the most knowledge.获胜者是知识最丰富的人。(who在从句中作主语) ③whom:在从句中充当宾语，意为“谁”（宾格）。 The person he talked to is whom I met yesterday. 他与之交谈的人是我昨天遇到的那个人。(whom在从句中作宾语) ④whose:在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的”。 This is whose book it is.这就是这本书是谁的，(whose在从句中作定语) ⑤which:在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，意为“哪一个”。 The question is which is the best choice.问题是哪一个是最好的选择。(which在从句中作主语) 3.连接副词 ①when:在从句中充当时间状语，意为“什么时候”。 My worry is when we can get there.我担心的是我们什么时候能到那里。 ②where:在从句中充当地点状语，意为“在哪里”。 The place is where we met for the first time.这个地方是我们第一次见面的地方。 ③why:在从句中充当原因状语，意为“为什么”。 Thats why he was late for school.那就是他上学迟到的原因。 48 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 ④how:在从句中充当方式状语，意为“如何”。 The problem is how we can solve it.问题是我们如何解决它。 (观察试题) The problem is_ we can get enough money for the project. A.that B.whether C.if D.what 答案：B解析：句意为“问题是我们是否能为这个项目筹集到足够的资金”，表示“是否”，且在表语从句 中不能用f,要用whether。 三、不同类型的表语从句及用法 1.由that引导的表语从句 当从句是一个完整的陈述句，不缺少任何成分时，用that引导表语从句，that起连接作用，无实际意义。 His dream is that he can become a famous doctor..他的梦想是他能成为一名著名的医生。 The news is that our team has won the game.消息是我们队赢得了比赛。 2.由连接代词引导的表语从句 连接代词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，根据其在从句中的功能和句意选择合适的连接代词。 This is what I want to tell you.这就是我想告诉你的事情。(what在从句中作tell的宾语) Who he is doesnt matter.他是谁并不重要。(who在从句中作表语) 3.由连接副词引导的表语从句 连接副词在从句中充当状语，用来补充说明主语的相关信息，如时间、地点、原因、方式等。 Thats where I lived ten years ago.那就是我十年前住的地方(where在从句中作地点状语) This is how she learned English well..这就是她如何学好英语的。(how在从句中作方式状语) (观察试题) The reason for his success is he worked harder than others. A.why B.that C.because D.what 答案：B解析：“The reason...is that..”为固定句型，意为“…的原因是…”，that引导表语从句。 四、表语从句在语篇中的应用 My life goal is that I can make a difference in the world.What I need to do now is to study hard and gain more knowledge.The key point is how I can balance my study and life.Sometimes,the problem is whether I can keep my enthusiasm.But I believe that as long as I stick to my dream,I will achieve it one day. 我的人生目标是我能在世界上有所作为。我现在需要做的是努力学习，获取更多知识。关键在于我如 何平衡学习和生活。有时，问题在于我是否能保持热情。但我相信只要我坚持梦想，总有一天会实现它。 (观察试题) In the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE about the predicative clauses? A.The writers life goal is what he can make a difference in the world. B.How he can balance study and life is not important. C.Whether he can keep his enthusiasm is sometimes a problem. D.He doesnt believe he will achieve his dream. 跟着课文学语法 北师大版（必修+选必修）49 答案：C解析：文中明确提到“Sometimes,.the problem is whether|can keep my enthusiasm.”,说明有时 他能否保持热情是个问题，C选项正确；A选项中引导词使用错误；B选项与原文不符；D选项与原文“I believe that as long as I stick to my dream,I will achieve it one day." 【总结】 牢记表语从句位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构。 区分that(无意义，不充当成分，通常不省略)和whether(表“是否”，不能用if替换)。 根据从句中所缺成分选择合适的连接代词(what,ho等)或连接副词(when,where等)。 记住“The reason..is that..”等常见表语从句的固定句型。 在阅读和写作中，能识别表语从句，理解其对主语进行解释、说明的作用。 【单元练习】 1.语法填空（用合适的连接词填空） ①The question is_ _we can get there on time. ②His suggestion is we should start the project immediately. 3Thats she didnt come to the party last night.She was busy with work. ④The problem is of these books is the most suitable for us to read. 5 It looks it is going to rain.Wed better take an umbrella. 2.短文改错（每句均有一处与表语从句相关的错误，找出并改正） 1The reason for his absence is because he was ill.2 My idea is if we should go there by train. 3 Thats what he solved the difficult problem. 4 The fact is he didnt tell the truth to us. 5 It seems whether he has known the good news. 3.语篇填空（在空白处填入适当的连接词或根据提示完成句子） My dream job is 1.I can become a doctor and help those in need.The key point is 2. _I can achieve this goal.First,I need to study hard in high school and enter a good medical university.Then,during university,I should learn knowledge and skills well.The most important thing is 3. _I can keep my passion for medicine.Sometimes,the challenge is 4. I can balance study and practice.However,I believe 5.as long as I work hard,I will realize my dream.And thats 6. I always keep working hard. 4.阅读理解中的句子分析（分析下列句子中表语从句的连接词及在从句中的成分和作用） 1 The truth is that he has been working secretly on this project. 2 Thats why he failed in the exam-he didnt study hard enough. 5.句子改写（根据要求改写句子） ①Ve should protect the environment.That is my opinion.(合并为含表语从句的句子) ②He didnt come to school because he was ill.(用表语从句改写，以The reason..开头) 50 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 6.写作应用（根据中文提示，用表语从句完成英语句子） ①我的愿望是有一天能环游世界。My wish is ②问题是我们怎样才能提高英语成绩。The problem is ③这就是他如此开心的原因。This is ④他的建议是我们应该多做运动。His suggestion is ⑤看起来他已经完成了工作。It looks 【答案】 1.语法填空 ①答案：whether解析：句意为“问题是我们是否能按时到达那里”，表示“是否”，且在表语从句中用whether,.不能用if, 所以填whether。 ②答案：that解析：“we should start the project immediately”是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，用that引导表语从句，起连接 作用，所以填that。 3答案：why解析：根据“She was busy with work”可知，此处解释“她昨晚没来参加派对”的原因，用why引导表语从 句，所以填why。 ④答案：wich解析：句意为“问题是这些书中哪一本最适合我们阅读”，表示“哪一个”，在从句中作定语修饰books,所 以填which。 ⑤答案：asif解析：“It looks as if..”为固定句型，意为“看起来好像…”，所以填asif。 2.短文改错 ①答案：将because改为hat解析：“The reason...is that...”为固定句型，表语从句解释原因时用that引导，不用 because,所以将because改为that。 ②答案：将if改为Whether解析：在表语从句中，表示“是否”只能用whether,.不能用if,所以将if改为whether。. ③答案：将what改为how解析：句意为“那就是他如何解决这个难题的”，表示“如何”，在从句中作方式状语，所以将 what改为how。 ④答案：在is后加that解析：“he didnt tell the truth to us'”是完整的陈述句，作表语从句时，引导词that一般不可省略， 所以在is后加that。 ⑤答案：将whetheri改为that解析：“It seems that.”为固定句型，意为“似乎…”，所以将whether改为that。 3.语篇填空 ①答案：that解析：“I can become a doctor and help those in need'是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，用that引导表语从句， 所以填that。 2答案：how解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“我如何实现这个目标”，在从句中作方式状语，所以填how。 ③答案：that解析：“I can keep my passion for medicine'”是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，用that引导表语从句，所以填 that ④答案：whether解析：句意为“有时，挑战是我是否能平衡学习和实践”，表示“是否”，在表语从句中用whether,所以填 whether。 ⑤答案：that解析：“as long as I work hard,.I will realize my dream”是完整的陈述句，作believe的宾语从句，that可省 略，但此处为了句子结构清晰，保留that。 ⑥答案：why解析：根据语境可知，此处解释“我一直努力学习的原因”，用wy引导表语从句，所以填why。 4.阅读理解中的句子分析 ①连接词：that成分：在从句中不充当任何成分作用：引导表语从句，起连接作用，说明主语“The truth”的具体内容是 “he has been working secretly on this project”"。 ②连接词：why成分：在从句中作原因状语作用：引导表语从句，解释主语“That”(指代前文内容)所指情况的原因，即 “he failed in the exam"的原因是“he didnt study hard enough”。 5.句子改写 ①答案：My opinion is that we should protect the environment. ②答案：The reason why he didnt come to school is that he was ill.. ③答案：It seems that the problem is which way we should choose. 6.写作应用 ①答案：that I can travel around the world one day②答案：how we can improve our English grades ③答案：why he is so happy④答案：that we should do more exercise⑤答案：as if he has finished the work 跟着课文学语法 北师大版（必修+选必修）51 状语从句 概述 状语从句是用作状语的从句，可修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。它根据其在句中的功 能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、比较、目的和结果等九种类型。掌握状语从句的用法，能让句 子表达更丰富、逻辑更清晰。 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句用于表示动作发生的时间，常用的引导词有when、while、as、before、after、since、until/ til、as soon as、hardly..when...no sooner..than.等。 1.when、while、as的区别 ①when引导的从句可表示时间点或时间段，从句中可用延续性动词或非延续性动词。 When I came in,he was reading a book.我进来时，他正在看书。(when表示时间点) When we lived in the countryside,we often went fishing.我们住在乡下时，经常去钓鱼。 (when表示时间段) ②while引导的从句表示时间段，从句中常用延续性动词，且多与进行时连用 While she was cooking,the phone rang.她做饭时，电话响了。(while表示时间段，从句用进行时) ③s引导的从句强调主从句动作同时进行，可译为“一边…一边”。 She sang as she walked.她边走边唱。(as强调动作同时进行) 2.before与after before表示“在…之前”，after表示“在…之后”。 Please turn off the light before you leave the room.离开房间前请关灯。 After he finished his homework,he went to bed.他做完作业后就去睡觉了。 3.since与until/till ①since表示“自从以来”，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have lived here since I was bom.我从出生起就住在这里。 ②util/til表示“直到…为止”，主句为肯定句时，谓语动词用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语动词用非 延续性动词，构成“not.until..”结构，意为“直到…才…”。 He waited until she came back.他一直等到她回来。（主句用延续性动词waited) He didnt go to bed until he finished his work.他直到完成工作才睡觉。 (主句用非延续性动词go,构成not.until..结构) 3.as soon as,hardly...when...no sooner...than... 这三个短语都表示“一…就…”，as soon as引导的从句可位于主句前或后；hardly..when.和no sooner.than..主句常用过去完成时，且hardly/no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 As soon as I get there,.I will call you.我一到那里就给你打电话。 52 语法点精准定位课文 学习事半功倍 Hardly had we got home when it began to rain.我们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 (hardly位于句首，主句用部分倒装) No sooner had he left than the phone rang.他刚离开，电话就响了。 (no sooner位于句首，主句用部分倒装) (观察试题) I was watching TV my brother came in. A.when B.while C.as D.since 【解析】句中“came in”是短暂性动作，when可引导时间点，选A。 语篇示例 When I was a child,my parents often took me to the park.While we were walking,my father would tell me stories.As we grew older,we still went there every weekend.After we arrived,we would play games together.I have many happy memories since we started doing this. 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句用于表示动作发生的地点，常用的引导词有where、wherever。. ①where表示“在…地方”，强调特定的地点。 here there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 They will go where they are needed.他们会去需要他们的地方。 ②wherever表示“无论哪里”，强调任何地点。 Wherever you go,I will follow you.无论你去哪里，我都会跟着你。 You can sit wherever you like..你可以坐在你喜欢的任何地方。 (观察试题) You should put the book it was. A.where B.when C.why D.how 【解析】句意为“你应该把书放在原来的地方”，表示地点，用where,选A。 语篇示例 We traveled to many places.Where the scenery was beautiful,we took a lot of photos.Wherever we went,the local people were very friendly.They told us stories about their hometowns.We had a great time during the trip. 三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句用于表示动作发生的原因，常用的引导词有because、since、as、now that等。 ①because表示直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答why引导的问句。 He didnt go to school because he was ill.他没去上学，因为他生病了。 hy are you late?一Because I missed the bus.一你为什么迟到了？一因为我错过了公交车。 ②since表示“既然”，语气稍弱，通常置于句首，强调已知的原因。 Since everyone is here,lets start the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们就开始开会吧。 Since you dont know the word,you can look it up in the dictionary.既然你不认识这个单词，你可以 查字典。 跟着课文学语法 北师大版（必修+选必修）53