UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

UNIT 4　Exploring poetry Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 内容索引 课时测评 3 语法探究 1 知识拾遗 2 语法探究 返回 非谓语动词 新知导学 教材示例 1．While you may ask “What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem，it is better to ask “How does it sound？” 2．Are there any repeated words，rhymes or other special effects? 3．All of these are good qualities to notice. 4．Finally，remember that you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it. 5．Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties. 我的发现 1．句1中非谓语动词短语reading a poem在句中作_____；非谓语动词to ask在句中作_____； 2．句2中非谓语动词repeated在句中作_____； 3．句3中非谓语动词to notice在句中作_____； 4．句4中非谓语动词短语to appreciate it在句中作_________； 5．句5中非谓语动词短语Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel在句中作_____。 宾语 主语 定语 定语 目的状语 状语 语法精讲 一、非谓语动词的定义 非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们不能在句子中充当谓语，但可充当其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或补足语，在句中可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用。 二、非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done 动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing   动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动词不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 动词-ing形式 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 动词-ed形式 一般式 done   与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 三、非谓语动词的用法 1．非谓语动词作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将动词不定式后置。 It's important for the figures to be updated regularly. 定期更新数据是很重要的。 (2)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动词-ing形式作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...，It's no use/good doing...，It is useless/useful doing...等中。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working them out. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 名师点津　动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 2．非谓语动词作表语 (1)动词不定式作表语时：表示预定要发生的动作。当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用动词不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用动词不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What I want to do most in senior high is to improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 (2)动词-ing形式作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 (3)动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式都可作表语，但动词-ing形式意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式意为“感到……的”。 Mike is very interested in the interesting story. 迈克对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。 3．非谓语动词作宾语 (1)有些动词后只接动词不定式作宾语，如：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen等。 They intend to sue for damages. 他们打算起诉，要求赔偿损失。 (2)有些动词(短语)后只接动词-ing形式作宾语，如： admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; have fun (in) doing sth等句型中也用动词-ing形式作宾语。 Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 年轻人如果每天都接触音量非常大的音乐就可能有失聪的危险。 It's quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ (3)有些动词(短语)后接动词不定式与动词-ing形式作宾语意义不同，如： I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. 我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。 We still remember once being taken/having been taken round the famous tower when we were young. 我们仍然记得在我们小的时候我们曾经被领着参观那座著名的塔。 名师点津　动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 动词不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但可作介词but、except的宾语，若前有实义动词do的某种形式时，动词不定式要省略to。 4．非谓语动词作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语和动词不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，动词不定式表将来、主动。常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。 I told Jeff to join the club，but he wouldn't listen. 我告诉杰夫让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。 As Jack left his membership card at home，he wasn't allowed to go into the sports club. 由于杰克把他的会员证忘在了家里，所以他不被允许进入体育俱乐部。 名师点津　有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作宾语补足语或主语补足语。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，动词不定式用作主语补足语。 He is thought to have invented the first telephone in the world. 人们认为他发明了世界上第一部电话。 感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，作主语补足语的动词不定式需带to。常见的词有：一感觉：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；五看：look at；see，watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式符号to可有可无。 We often hear him play the violin at home. ＝He is often heard to play the violin at home. 我们经常听到他在家里拉小提琴。 (2)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (3)动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。 When I came in，I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 名师点津　使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补足语的异同点： ①have sth done＝get sth done让别人做某事； ②have sb/sth doing让……一直做某事；get sth/sb doing 使……开始做某事； ③have sb do sth＝get sb to do sth让某人做某事。 注意：have sth to do 表示“有……要做”，此结构中，动词不定式作定语。 let＋宾语＋do，表示“让……做……”。 with的复合结构为： ①with＋宾语＋动词-ing形式。表示主动和动作正在进行； ②with＋宾语＋动词-ed形式。表示被动和动作已完成； ③with＋宾语＋动词不定式。表示将来。 注意：动词不定式在with的复合结构中用主动形式表示被动含义。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 With such a short time left before the deadline，it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只留下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do，she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 5．非谓语动词作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语 ①动词不定式作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 Mom opened the window to let some fresh air in. 妈妈打开窗户让一些新鲜空气进来。 Let's hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. 咱们快点走，免得开会迟到。 ②动词不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)。 He hurried to the railway station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。 ③动词不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。 The boy was delighted to receive a gift from his parents. 收到父母的礼物，这个男孩很开心。 名师点津　在“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，句子的主语和动词不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时动词不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，动词不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 Once plastic pollution arises in most public areas，it is hard to deal with. 一旦白色污染在大多数公共区域产生时，就很难处理了。 (2)动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。动词-ed形式作状语时，动词-ed形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Given more attention，the tree could grow better. 如果给予更多的爱护，这棵树会长得更好。 More freeways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 在中国建立了更多的高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更容易。 名师指津　有些分词或动词不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration；compared to/with；to be frank，to tell (you) the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。 6．非谓语动词作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语 ①动词不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该动词不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。 ②序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 ③被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用动词不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 名师点津　动词不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语时，动词不定式使用主动式表示被动。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(动词不定式to buy的动作执行者是you) Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(动词不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语) (2)分词作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：动词-ing形式、being＋过去分词、动词-ed形式。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用动词-ing形式；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用动词-ed形式。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 I'm going to write an article about the problem discussed at the last meeting. 我准备写一篇有关上次会议上讨论的问题的文章。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对正在讨论的问题保密。 名师点津　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；动词-ed形式只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子；fallen leaves落叶 体系构建 维度一　单词拼写 1．I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me to enter my _____(理想的)college. 2．Anne Tyler is an American ________(小说家)who is famous for her humorous language and life-like characters. 3．It marks the beginning of a new ___(时代)in human history. 4．The busiest shopping ________(区域)in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 5．Many experts ________(提倡)rewarding your child for good behaviour. 随堂演练 ideal novelist era district advocate 维度二　单句语法填空 1．It's not easy to break ____ old habits because we have been accustomed to it. 2．The way we work ______________ (undergo) a complete transformation in the past decade. 3．It is a widely held ______ (believe) that honesty and integrity are the qualities that a leader should be made of. 4．She ______ (sigh) with relief that it was all over. 5．__ is claimed that soap powders pollute the water we drink. with has undergone belief sighed It 维度三　语法与写作 1．We hurried to the destination，only ____________ that the lecture had been over. 我们匆忙赶到目的地，却被告知讲座已经结束了。 2．_______________________________，he determined to write another. 没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。 3．The problem ________________ at the meeting is very important. 在会议上讨论的问题很重要。 to be told Not having received a reply being discussed 返回 知识拾遗 返回 1　break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 (教材原句)The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century：... 浪漫主义者的目的是与18世纪的理想决裂：…… (1)break into　　　　　 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱、跑) break into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来 (2)break in 打断；闯入 (3)break out 爆发 (4)break away from 脱离，放弃，打破 (5)break down 出故障；垮掉；分解 (6)break up 分手；粉碎，散开 名师点津　break into 与break in 都有“闯入”之意，但break into中into为介词，其后须接宾语；而break in中in为副词，为不及物动词短语；另外，break into 还有“突然开始”之意，和burst into 类似，而break in 还有“插嘴，打断”之意。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking ____ your house. ②Unfortunately，the couple broke ___ after only one year of marriage. ③Their car broke _____ on the way home yesterday so they had to walk home. ④They were discussing something important when a man broke __，which took everyone by surprise . ⑤The war broke ___ in the 1937 and we were forced to leave our hometown. ⑥Actually，it is very difficult for us to break away ____ the old traditional ideas. 能力提升——微写作 ⑦Hearing the sad news，the old woman __________________． 听到这个悲哀的消息，这位老妇人突然哭了起来。 into up down in out from broke into tears 2　bend vi.& vt.(bent, bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 (教材原句)To where it bent in the undergrowth； 直到它消失在丛林深处； (1) bend one's mind/efforts/thoughts to sth 专心于某事物 (2)bend (sb) to sth 迫使(某人)屈从某物 be bent on (doing) sth 蓄意做某事(通常指坏事)； 决心(做)某事 (3)bend the truth 扭曲事理；歪曲事实 名师点津　bend作动词时，还有“(迫使某人)屈服，顺从；曲解，歪曲(事实)，篡改(规则、法律等)”之意。 基础练透——写出下列句中bend的含义/单句语法填空 ①He tried to bend the truth to cover up his mistakes. ___________ ②I will take fate by the throat，it will not bend me completely to its will. _______________________ ③Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. ___________ ④I _____ (bend) down and picked up the coins lying on the road. ⑤However weak the nation may be，it will never bend ___ a greater power. ⑥You will never succeed unless you bend all your mind ___ your work. 能力提升——微写作 ⑦She seemed ____________________________ their relationship.(bend) 她似乎一心要破坏他们的关系。 篡改，歪曲 (迫使某人)屈服，顺从 拐弯，弯道 bent to to to be bent on destroying 3　claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 (教材原句)Then took the other，as just as fair，And having perhaps the better claim，Because it was grassy and wanted wear； 但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽； (1)claim to be　　　　　　 声称是…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim sth from sb 向某人索要某物 It is claimed that... 据说……；有人主张…… (2)make a claim on 向……索陪 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He claimed ______ (be) an expert in this field but he isn't，actually. ②Scientists claimed ____________________ (discover) a cure for the disease，which is good news for the patients. ③Workers who have been unfairly dismissed may claim compensation ______employers. ④If the problem is in the goods itself，you may make a claim ___ the supplier. 能力提升——微写作 ⑤_____________________ humor not only affects patients' moods，but also helps them recover faster.(claim) 据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人快速康复。 to be to have discovered from on It is claimed that 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．_________ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 2．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not ________ (make) it more difficult. 3．The boy _______ (read) a book by the river is my brother. 4．_______ (face) with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 5．They're working hard ___________ (fulfill) the plan. 6．The doctor advised me ________ (take) more exercise to help me keep fit. 7．__________ (remind) myself of the past pleasant days，I have some related photos pinned beside my desk. 基础达标 Knowing to make reading Faced to fulfill to take To remind 8．You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts _________(organize)，and how they understand things. 9．When _________ (compare) different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. 10．Anyone _____ (find) boarding with knives will be stopped by the security inspectors. organized comparing found 维度二　完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．The person _______________ is my elder brother. 站在那儿的那个人是我的哥哥。 2．___________________，all the students got thrilled. 听到这个消息，同学们都非常兴奋。 3．Only the children _______________________________ are allowed to enter the stadium. 只有有父母陪同的孩子们被允许进入体育馆。 4．The manager was satisfied to see ______________________________ after great effort. 经理满意地看到经过辛苦努力，很多新产品被开发出来。 5．_____________________________ can broaden our horizon and cultivate our taste. 阅读并欣赏诗歌能开阔我们的视野，陶冶我们的情操。 standing there Hearing this news accompanied by their parents many new products developed Reading and appreciating a poem 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) 　　I crossed the street 1._________ (avoid) meeting him，but to my disappointment，a terrible thing happened that he saw me and came 2._______ (run) towards me.It was no use 3.__________ (pretend) that I had not seen him. I had no choice but to wave to him.I never enjoy 4._______ (meet) Nigel Dykes，because he is a man who never has anything 5.______ (do)．No matter how busy you are，he always insists on 6._______ (come) with you.At that time，I had to think of a way 7.___________ (prevent) him from 8._________ (follow) me around all morning，which would annoy me. to avoid running pretending meeting to do coming to prevent following 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A 　　Whether it is for a special festival，to express thanks or to just let someone know that you care about them，giving gifts is a common custom.The purpose of giving gifts may be similar，but the tradition varies from country to country.A gift of respect in one place may be considered rude in another.Take a look at three unique gift-giving traditions. 　　India 　　If you're invited to someone's home in India，you should bring a small gift，whether it's a box of chocolates or some flowers.Gifts shouldn't be wrapped in black or white colors.Because they are considered unlucky. Instead，use bright colors such as green，red or yellow.When giving money for any occasion，it should have an odd number(奇数)value.That's believed to bring good luck.Instead of receiving a gift with both hands，Indians generally only use their right hand because left hands are considered unclean. 　　Japan 　　For most Japanese，the ritual(礼节)of giving presents is more important than the gifts themselves.The correct way is to present or receive gifts with both hands.Every gift should be wrapped.That's because uncovered gifts are considered disrespectful.To show politeness and thanks，those who are receiving the gift may turn it down once or twice before finally accepting it. Gifts should be given in pairs，but four should be avoided just like in China. Lucky numbers also include eight.Eight is said to bring prosperity. 　　Native America 　　While it may be common for guests to prepare gifts for hosts，this is different in Native American communities.From weddings to birthday celebrations，guests are the ones who receive gifts.Gifts are usually homemade arts and crafts that are made by hand to show love，respect and appreciation. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个独特的送礼传统。 1．What kind of gift would you bring to an Indian home? A．Some chocolates in a green box. B．Flowers wrapped in black paper. C．Sixty dollars in a yellow envelope. D．Seventy-five rupees wrapped in white paper. √ 推理判断题。根据India小标题下“Gifts shouldn't be wrapped in black or white colors.Because they are considered unlucky.Instead，use bright colors such as green，red or yellow.”可知，在印度送礼不可以是黑白两色，可以是绿，红，黄色，所以选A项(绿色盒子装的巧克力)。 2．Why don't Japanese accept a gift at once? A．To get another better gift. B．To be more polite and thankful. C．To refuse one's kindness. D．To be more outgoing and active. 细节理解题。根据Japan小标题下“To show politeness and thanks，those who are receiving the gift may turn it down once or twice before finally accepting it.”可知，日本人不马上接受礼物是为了表示更加礼貌和感谢，故选B项。 √ 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To list some attractive festivals. B．To compare some countries. C．To recommend some formal gifts. D．To introduce some gift-giving traditions. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Take a look at three unique gift-giving traditions.”及后面三段介绍了三个国家的送礼传统可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一些送礼传统，故选D项。 √ B 　　Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America. 　　Her poems described conditions in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience. 　　In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago，where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection. 　　In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks won Pulitzer Prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，a wife and a mother.She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life. 　　Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha，which received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today. 　　In some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem，“Corners on the Curving Sky”． 　　By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brooks poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues. 语篇解读　本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了非裔美国诗人Gwendolyn Brooks以及她的著名作品。 4．What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph? A．She was good at using the language of poetry. B．She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women. C．Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability. D．Her poems were mainly about the African experience. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知Gwendolyn Brooks善于运用诗歌语言。故选A项。 √ 5．The author develops the passage mainly by ________________． A．using statistics B．providing examples C．comparing opinions D．describing her experiences 写作手法题。根据第三段中“The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.”及第四段“In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks won Pulitzer Prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.”及第五段“Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha，which received little notice when it was first published.”可判断出，作者通过举例子的方式写这篇文章。故选B项。 √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.”可推测接下来作者可能会谈到与政治问题有关的诗歌。故选A项。 6．In the next part，the author would most probably talk about __________． A．the poems related to political issues B．the difficulties Ms Brooks would meet C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained D．the struggles that the black had to face √ 7．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks. B．The struggles of black women. C．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks. D．The understanding about black culture. 主旨大意题。结合第一段中“She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一位非裔美国诗人Gwendolyn Brooks的作品。故选C项。 √ C 　　Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker(叫卖小贩)centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance. 　　A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street.Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture.Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular. Famous chefs，such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay have praised them. 　　On Wednesday，the United Nations，cultural agency，UNESCO，added the city's “hawker culture，” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago.Now that it has been recognized，Singapore must provide a report every six years to UNESCO.The report must show efforts the city-state has made to save and support its hawker culture. 　　“These centers serve as ‘community dining rooms’，where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast，lunch and dinner，” UNESCO said. 　　In the 1970s，Singapore cleaned up its streets so the city moved street hawkers to new eating centers.These areas were part of an effort to improve the island.Now，the centers offer many different low-cost meals for local people and provide a pleasing social setting.The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars. 　　But now the average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old.Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices.They are less interested in working in small restaurants.The pandemic health crisis also hurt sales，preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡叫卖小贩文化以及其存在的意义，同时还提及其目前的困境。 8．Why is hawker culture added to UNESCO's list? A．For the efforts Singapore has made. B．For its importance in showing Singapore's culture. C．For the report Singapore provided. D．For the recommendation by UNESCO. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker (叫卖小贩) centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.”可知，联合国的文化机构把新加坡的这种传统加入它的列表，是因为承认其在文化方面的重要性，故选B项。 9．What do we know about hawkers from paragraph 2? A．They sell goods in the open-air area. B．They are famous chefs. C．They are Singapore natives. D．They are popular all over the world. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular.”可知，叫卖小贩们通常会选择开放的地带卖东西，故选A项。 10．Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned? A．To advertise the film. B．To introduce the stars. C．To show the popularity of hawker centers. D．To help the sellers receive Michelin stars. √ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Now，the centers offer many different low-cost meals for local people and provide a pleasing social setting.The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.”可知，本段介绍了这些小贩聚集中心的好处。因此推断出，作者提到电影《摘金奇缘》是为了证明小贩聚集中心的受欢迎程度，故选C项。 11．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The difficulties hawker culture are facing. B．The average age of hawkers. C．The effect caused by pandemic. D．The future of the hawker culture. √ 段落大意题。根据最后一段中“But now the average age of a hawker ...The pandemic health crisis also hurt sales，preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.”可知，本段主要介绍了目前小贩经济的困境，故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How to Make a Difference to the World 　　Many people believe that they don't have what it takes to make a difference to the world.They believe only people like Mother Teresa，Thomas Edison，Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are able to do so. 1 The following is a guide as to how small people like us can make a difference to the world. 　　It need not be an enormous task. 　　 2 In this case，you already have what it takes to make the world a better place.Making a difference to the world may seem like an enormous task，but it is in fact the collective effort of everyone to make small contributions.The size of the contribution is not what matters most.The key here is to have the heart to do it. 　　Start now. 　　There is no one best time to start to make a difference to the world. 3 You don't have to wait till you earn more money to share a piece of bread.Little efforts count. 　　 4 　　As the saying goes，“Give a man a fish; you feed him for a day.Teach him how to fish，and you feed him for a lifetime.” The good that we seek to do will make more of a difference when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect. 5 And when more people receive education，they will in turn provide more value to the world. A．Seek to make a long-lasting effect. B．Stop complaining and do something. C．If you can't feed a hundred people，then feed just one. D．Nobody can do everything，but everyone can do something. E．The truth is，every one of us can make it in our own unique way. F．You don't need to wait till you have the time to share some love. G．For example，building a school will benefit many people for years to come. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小人物怎么对世界产生影响。 　　Many people believe that they don't have what it takes to make a difference to the world.They believe only people like Mother Teresa，Thomas Edison，Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are able to do so.__________________ __________________________________________The following is a guide as to how small people like us can make a difference to the world. E．The truth is，every one of us can make it in our own unique way. 根据空前句They believe only people like Mother Teresa，Thomas Edison，Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are able to do so.可知，许多人认为只有名人才会对世界有影响。根据空后句The following is a guide as to how small people like us can make a difference to the world.可知，本空应选E项(事实是，我们每个人都可以用自己独特的方式来做到。)。E项中make it对应上文中的make a difference，every one of us对应下一句中的small people。 　　_________________________________________________ In this case，you already have what it takes to make the world a better place.Making a difference to the world may seem like an enormous task，but it is in fact the collective effort of everyone to make small contributions.The size of the contribution is not what matters most.The key here is to have the heart to do it. C．If you can't feed a hundred people，then feed just one. 根据本段段落主题句It need not be an enormous task.可知，本段要介绍的是：可以做小的事情来对世界产生影响。故选C项(如果你不能喂饱一百个人，那你就喂饱一个人。)，该项强调了如果做不了大的事情可以做小的事情。 　　There is no one best time to start to make a difference to the world.______ __________________________________________________ You don't have to wait till you earn more money to share a piece of bread.Little efforts count. F．You don't need to wait till you have the time to share some love. 根据本段段落主题句Start now.可知，F项(你不需要等到有时间分享爱的时候。)切题。F项中You don't need to wait till与本空后句中You don't have to wait till 为同义句式。 　　Start now. 　　There is no one best time to start to make a difference to the world. 3 You don't have to wait till you earn more money to share a piece of bread.Little efforts count. 　　________________________________ A．Seek to make a long-lasting effect. 本空为段落主题句。根据本段中As the saying goes，“Give a man a fish; you feed him for a day.Teach him how to fish，and you feed him for a lifetime.”可知，本段强调要对被帮助者产生长时间的影响，故选A项。A项中long-lasting effect和后句中a long-lasting effect为词汇复现。 　　As the saying goes，“Give a man a fish; you feed him for a day.Teach him how to fish，and you feed him for a lifetime.” The good that we seek to do will make more of a difference when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect._________________________________________________ _____________________ And when more people receive education，they will in turn provide more value to the world. G．For example，building a school will benefit many people for years to come. 根据空前句中when there is a long-lasting effect rather than a temporary effect.可知，G项(例如，建一所学校将使许多人受益多年。)符合文意。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 　　The Book of Songs，also known as Shi Jing，is the 1._______ (old) existing collection of Chinese poetry.It includes more than 300 works 2._______ (date) back from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. 　　Believed to have been compiled by Confucius，the poems cover 3.___ wide range of themes，including battles，farming，education，marriage，animals and plants，all of which have had a lasting impact 4.____ Chinese civilization. oldest dating a on 　　Three years ago，when Chinese musician Fang Jinlong read Shi Jing，he was interested in the stories 5._____ (tell) through the poems. Because he couldn't 6.__________ (complete) understand the ancient Chinese language used，he turned to experts whose elaboration(阐述)further attracted him to explore the poems.Then he decided to portray the poems with musical language by inviting composer Ma Jiuyue 7._________ (create) an album. told completely to create 　　Titled Music and the Book of Songs，the album 8.____________ (release) on Jan. 18，featuring 10 original songs composed by Ma.They were performed by Fang.The 10 songs are based on 10 poems from Shi Jing，including Swallows 9.___________ sends farewell messages to friends. 　　In his 50s，Fang became a viral star after he gave a 12-minute 10.____________ (perform) at the New Year's Eve concert on Dec. 31，2019. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国音乐家方锦龙用音乐语言来描绘《诗经》里的诗歌并取得了成功的事情。 was released which/that performance 1．答案：oldest　 2．答案：dating　 考查形容词最高级。根据空前定冠词the可知，本空应用形容词最高级形式。 考查非谓语动词。句意：其中包括300多首起源于西周至春秋时期的作品。本空在句中作定语、修饰名词works，动词短语date back from意为“追溯到……，起源于”，和被修饰名词work之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词-ing形式作定语。 3．答案：a　 4．答案：on　 5．答案：told　 考查冠词。a wide range of意为“广泛的……”，故本空应用不定冠词a。 考查介词。句意参考上题。have an impact on意为“对……有影响”，故本空应用介词on。 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词stories，动词tell和stories之间为被动关系，故本空应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。 6．答案：completely　 7．答案：to create　 8．答案：was released　 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词understand，故应用副词形式作状语。 考查非谓语动词。invite sb to do sth意为“邀请某人做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语on Jan. 18可知，本句陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时；句子主语album和动词release之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。 9．答案：which/that　 10．答案：performance　 考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词Swallows，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导从句。 考查词性转换。根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4　Exploring poetry 返回 $