UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（译林版）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词­ing形式作主语和宾语 1．I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time! 2．Playing the qin was his life. 3．He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. 4．When Boya continued playing，Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. 5．Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya. [我的发现] 1．句2和句5中，动词­ing形式在句中作主语； 2．句1、3和句4中，动词­ing形式在句中作宾语。 一、动词­ing 形式的基本情况 动词­ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种，由“动词原形＋ing”构成。动词­ing形式在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语或状语。本单元主要学习动词­ing形式在句中充当主语和宾语的用法。 二、动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式。 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. 在某些情况下，仅仅说声“谢谢你”似乎是不够的。 2．在一些句型中，常用it作形式主语，代替动词­ing形式作主语。这类句型有： It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间。 It's useful/useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事有用/没用/是值得的。 It's no good/use/fun doing sth做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 It is no use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没用的。 3．动词­ing形式的复合结构作主语 ①当动词­ing形式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需要使用动词­ing形式的复合结构，构成：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格＋动词­ing形式； Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 Jane's being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了这么多麻烦。 ②动词­ing形式的复合结构的否定形式构成：not＋动词­ing形式。 Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. 没有给予足够的赞美和给予太多的赞美一样有害。 4．动词­ing形式和动词不定式作主语的区别 动词­ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend's birthday party next sunday is my dream.唱歌是我的爱好，下周日在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 三、动词­ing形式作宾语 1．动词­ing形式常作某些动词(短语)的宾语，这类动词(短语)如下： consider，suggest/advise，dislike，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy，avoid，miss，keep，practice，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape。 Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. 他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人交谈。 2．一些以介词结尾的动词短语后常跟动词­ing形式作宾语，这些动词短语包括：be good at，dream of，care about，be interested in，feel like，insist on，think of，aim at，set about，be used to，get down to，lead to；devote oneself to，look forward to，stick to，pay attention to等。 I dream of sailing around the world. 我梦想着环游世界。 3．有些固定结构中只能用动词­ing形式作宾语，常见的有：be busy doing sth，spend...(in) doing sth，be worth doing，have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth，waste time (in) doing，have a good/hard time (in) doing等。其中，有些结构中的介词可以省略。 Mary did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy preparing for her examination. 昨天晚上玛丽没时间去参加音乐会，因为她正在忙于为考试做准备。 4．表示“需要”的动词want，need，require后跟动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，等于其后跟动词不定式的被动式。 The roof needs repairing(＝needs to be repaired)． 屋顶需要修理了。 [名师点津]　advise，allow，permit，forbid等动词后直接接动词­ing形式作宾语，但如果后面有名词、代词作宾语，则其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 They don't allow smoking in the office. 他们不允许在办公室吸烟。 They don't allow anyone to smoke in the office. 他们不允许任何人在办公室吸烟。 5．既可跟动词­ing形式又可跟动词不定式作宾语。 ①有些动词后既可跟动词­ing形式又可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别不大，这类动词有：begin，start，continue，prefer，like，love，hate等。 They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest. 休息了一会儿后，他们继续讨论这项计划。 ②有些动词(短语)后既可跟动词­ing形式又可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别很大，这类动词(短语)有： Don't you remember telling me the story yesterday? 难道你不记得昨天告诉我这个故事了吗？ Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。 维度一　单词拼写 1．He came to complain about the volume(音量)of the music. 2．The problems are complicated(复杂的)，so we must think more carefully. 3．Solar(太阳的)energy is a new kind of source of energy. 4．He often spares some time out to accompany(陪伴)his mother to dinner. 5．She tried to stop the flow(流动)of blood from the wound. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Before sweeping (sweep) the house she bound up her hair in a large handkerchief. 2．There was a general expectation( expect) that he would win in the election. 3．Formal clothes are suitable (suit) for important situations，such as an evening party. 4．Deep breath (breathe) and a balanced mind will help rid you of the anxiety and nervousness. 5．Industrial towns are often very dirty，but this one is unusually (unusual) clean. 维度三　完成句子 1．She sat and stared at the letter in front of her. 她坐在那儿，凝视着面前的那封信。 2．Her happy childhood became a distant memory． 她快乐的童年生活成为了一段遥远的回忆。 3．Let's get down to the unfinished business. 我们来开始尚未了结的事务吧。 get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 (教材原句)A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。 (1)get into　　　　陷入；染上(坏习惯)；养成 (2)get along/on with 进展；相处 (3)get away from 逃离；离开 (4)get over 爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈 (5)get through 完成；通过；接通电话；熬过(困难时期等) ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I've got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. ②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. ③It is important that you get along well with your classmates. ④In the fall，geese fly to the warm south to get away from the cold winter. ⑤We must get over our shortcomings and mistakes in our work. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥The summer holiday is over so we should get down to doing our work． 暑假结束了，我们应该开始做我们的工作。 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的 (教材原句)A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始着手挑选合适的音乐。 (1)be suitable for　　　 适合…… be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 (2)suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服 suit...to... 使……适合…… suit sb down to the ground 很合某人心 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Solar greenhouses can control temperatures to be suitable for the growth of dragon fruit. ②The amount of water which is suitable to drink (drink) is becoming less and less. ③If you go to a new company，you should suit yourself to the new surroundings quickly. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④This job suits me down to the ground. 这份工作很合我的心意。 [语境串记]　I think this kind of accommodation suits you，because it offers an independent room and is more suitable for the long­stay students. 我认为这种住宿方式适合你，因为它提供了一个独立的房间，更适合长住的学生。 distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 (教材原句)We do not know what will happen in the end，but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet. 我们不知道最后会发生什么，但也许有一天在一个遥远的星球上会听到琴的声音。 (1)be distant from　　　离……遥远 (2)distance n. 距离 　 v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 in the distance 在远方；在远处 at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离 distance sb from sth 使某人远离某事，使某人撇清和某事的关系 (3)distantly adv. 遥远地；依稀地，隐约 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The dog looked dangerous，so I decided to distance myself from it. ②Farther in the distance，I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains. ③The railway station is at a distance of two miles away from our school. ④He claims to be distantly (distant) related to the British royal family. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤The sun is distant from the earth. 太阳距地球很遥远。 [语境串记]　Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family，they don't feel distant. 虽然汤姆和他的家人相距遥远，但他们并不觉得疏远。 breath n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象 (教材原句)I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio，holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song. 我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待着这首歌的第一个音符。 (1)take a deep breath　深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地 (2)breathe vt.& vi. 呼吸 breathe in/out 吸/呼气 breathe (new) life into sth 给某事物带来起色，给某事物注入活力。 (3)breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①To complete the movements smoothly，the dancers need to hold their breath (breathe) for two to three minutes. ②He believes that Internet could breathe new life into traditional industries. ③Tom stood at the top of the mountain，breathing (breathe) in the fresh air. ④After a 10 kilometres race，I was a little breathless (breathe) and my heartbeat was fast. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤All the participants held their breath when the result was announced. 宣读结果时，所有的参赛者都屏住了呼吸。 [语境串记]　I told him to take a breath if he felt nervous so he breathed deeply before he spoke in front of the audience. 我告诉他如果感到紧张就深呼吸，所以他在观众面前讲话前深呼吸了一下。 accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 (教材原句)Yes，the Beatles's music has accompanied me throughout my life. 是的，甲壳虫乐队的音乐陪伴了我一生。 (1)accompany sb to some place　　　　　　　　陪伴/陪同某人到某地 accompany sb at/on sth 用某物为某人伴奏 be accompanied by/with... 伴随……发生 (2)company n. 陪伴；伴随 keep sb company 陪伴某人 in the company of sb 在某人的陪伴/陪同下 (3)companion n. 伙伴；伴侣；同 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中accompany的含义/单句语法填空 ①I have two tickets for the theatre on Saturday evening—would you care to accompany me？陪同，陪伴 ②I can accompany you on piano if you want to sing.为……伴奏 ③Anna asks me to accompany her to the shopping mall so I'm afraid I can't go out with you. ④Your passport application form should be accompanied (accompany) by two recent photographs. ⑤In the company of his teacher，he took part in the English Speech Contest. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult． 14岁以下的儿童必须由一名成年人陪同。 expectation n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 (教材原句)It has helped me look to the future with expectation and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction. 它帮助我满怀期待地展望未来，现在它帮助我以平静的满足感反思我的生活。 (1) beyond one's expectations　　　　　　　　　　　超出某人的预期 live up to sb's expectations 不辜负某人的期望 (2)expect v. 预料，预期，预计；期待；猜想，认为 expect (sb) to do sth 期盼(某人)做某事 as expected 正如料想的(那样) ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The ending of the movie was really beyond my expectations(expect)． ②The prices of vegetables and fruits are expected (expect) to rise even higher this year. ③His father expected him to be (be) a talented person who contributes a lot to society. ④As expected (expect)，he got the first prize in the final competition. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤The boy studies very hard to live up to his parents' expectations． 这个男孩学习非常努力以不辜负他父母的期望。 [语境串记]　Tom is expected to marry Jane，but the ending of the novel is really something beyond the readers' expectations. 预计汤姆会娶简，但小说的结局确实超出了读者的预期。 课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (时间：60分钟　满分：85分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Talking (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important. 2．The bird narrowly escaped being shot (shoot) by the hunter. 3．It is no use regretting (regret) your past mistakes. 4．Do you feel like having (have) a walk with me after supper? 5．My father suggested reading (read) more books in my spare time. 6．To avoid being seen (see) by the teacher，Tony slipped into the classroom by the back door. 7．Have you considered building (build) a house in the countryside? 8．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty making (make) friends. 9．We regret to inform (inform) you that you will have to give up this chance. 10．There is no use keeping (keep) silent about such a matter. 维度二　完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．Learning to drive is usually a nervous experience for beginners. 对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。 2．After the man finished reading the letter，he looked at his friend. 当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。 3．His father's being ill made him worried. 他父亲病了，使他很担心。 4．Li Ming has always been dreaming of starting his own business in the future. 李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。 5．We are busy in preparing for the coming exam． 我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共10分) I crossed the street to avoid 1.meeting (meet) him，but he saw me and came 2.running (run) towards me.3.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him，so I waved to him.I never enjoy 4.meeting (meet) Nigel Dykes.He never has anything to do.No matter how busy you are，he always insists on 5.coming (come) with you.I had to think of a way of 6.preventing (prevent) him from 7.following (follow) me around all morning. “Hello，Nigel，” I said.“Fancy 8.meeting (meet) you here！” “Hi，Elizabeth，” Nigel answered.“I was just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you.You're not busy 9.doing (do) anything，are you？” “No，not at all，” I answered.“I'm going to ...” “Would you mind my 10.coming (come) with you？” he asked，before I finished speaking. “Not at all，” I lied，“but I'm going to the dentist.” “Then I'll come with you，” he answered.“There's always plenty to read in the waiting room！” [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共27.5分) A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist，often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols，which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table.Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model，which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle，born in Ireland，was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry，known for Boyle's law.Boyle's law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle's work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X­ray crystallography (晶体学)．Together with his father William Henry Bragg，he developed the famous Bragg's law.This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances，including DNA and proteins. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。 1．What do we say about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A．He invented a new chemical substance. B．He established the modern periodic table. C．He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D．He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. D　[细节理解题。根据Jöns Jacob Berzelius标题下的“Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist，often referred to as...field of electrochemistry.”可知，他在电化学方面做出了重要发现。故选D。] 2．Who was born in Ireland? A．Jöns Jacob Berzelius. B．Niels Henrik David Bohr. C．Robert Boyle. D．William Lawrence Bragg. C　[细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle，born in Ireland，was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry，known for Boyle's law.”可知，Robert Boyle出生在爱尔兰。故选C。] 3．What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A．They were born in Denmark. B．They made a contribution to physics. C．They discovered new models for chemistry. D．They did research together with their family. B　[细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的“His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics.”和最后一段William Lawrence Bragg标题下的“William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia ...including DNA and proteins.”可知，他们都对物理做出了贡献。故选B。] B On Friday，Shannon Grimm noticed that a 5­year­old girl，Priscilla，in her kindergarten class was really sad and depressed at school，because she was teased by some students，who said that her short hair made her look like a boy. “What is a better way to show them that you can look any way and still be true to yourself than to cut my own hair？” Grimm said to herself.After thinking deeply，she decided to cheer the student up by showing support，so she chopped her waist­length brown hair into the same pixie cut as Priscilla's. Walking into a grocery store or other public places with her new haircut did make Grimm feel awkward.However，she said the temporary discomfort was worth it because she was able to help Priscilla feel better about her appearance.“I don't want my students to ever feel like their confidence is down because of the way people look at them and say things to them.” Grimm said. At a school meeting last week，the little girl Priscilla presented Grimm with a medal for being her hero during a difficult time.More important to Grimm，her creative way works out. “Who's beautiful？” Grimm asked Priscilla later.“Me.” the girl responded with a smile. Although Grimm said she missed her long hair，she said the experience had allowed her to better understand Priscilla's feelings.“Sometimes you just have to experience it.You have to teach them and show them that you're there for them.” Her hair will grow back，but Grimm said she hopes to give a more lasting lesson to her students.“It doesn't matter what haircut you have，” she said.“You're beautiful no matter what.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shannon Grimm为了帮助幼儿园里一个因为发型像男孩子而被人嘲笑的女孩，剪短了自己齐腰的头发。她想用这种方式来表示对女孩的支持，最终女孩恢复了自信。 4．What made Priscilla teased by her classmates? A．Her ugly face. B．Her low grades. C．Her rude manners. D．Her boyish hairstyle. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中On Friday，Shannon Grimm noticed ....who said that her short hair made her look like a boy.可知，Priscilla的男孩发型让她被她的同学们取笑，故选D项。] 5．How did Grimm help Priscilla? A．By cutting her own hair. B．By presenting Priscilla medal. C．By praising Priscilla in class. D．By criticizing Priscilla's classmates. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中After thinking deeply，she decided to cheer the ... brown hair into the same pixie cut as Priscilla's.可知，Grimm通过剪掉了她自己的头发来帮助Priscilla，故选A项。] 6．Why did the little girl answer that she was beautiful? A．She became a hero. B．She regained confidence. C．She deserved long hair. D．She had a heroic teacher. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中More important to Grimm，her creative way works out.及第五段“Who's beautiful？” Grimm asked Priscilla later.“Me.” the girl responded with a smile.可推知，Grimm帮助Priscilla的创造性的方法起作用了，Priscilla不再沮丧和自卑，所以小女孩Priscilla回答说她很漂亮，是因为她恢复了信心。故选B项。] 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A depressed little girl B．A crying little girl C．Short hair，more sadness D．Short hair，loving heart D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段“ ‘What is a better way to show ...so she chopped her waist­length brown hair into the same pixie cut as Priscilla's.”结合文章主要记叙了Shannon Grimm为了帮助幼儿园里一个因为发型像男孩子而被人嘲笑的女孩Priscilla，剪短了自己齐腰的头发。她想用这种方式来表示对女孩的支持，结果方法也确实奏效了，女孩恢复了自信。Grimm的行为说明她是一个有爱心的人。由此可知，D选项“短的头发，有爱的心”最符合文章标题。] C As aging population gets bigger and dementia(老年痴呆症)more common，more families are struggling with a complex question：How do you support a loved one with dementia，especially when you have a full­time job and several kids? Reg Urbanowski may have an answer to this pressing issue：ROBOTS.He and his team managed to develop a new type of robots named TP robots.Looking like stand­up vacuum cleaners attached to an iPad，they can be activated remotely via a smartphone and guided remotely by a controller app similar to the way a mouse is used on a desktop computer.All possess audio and visual communication capabilities，allowing the operator to be “in the room” to interact with Mom or Dad. He believes that caregivers and family members can use a TP robot to “look in” on people with mild dementia.He says，“TP robots provide an effective solution for minimizing caregiver burden，especially for those who have career or other out­of­home activities.” Urbanowski and his team have conducted a study that involves providing TP robots for 15 Manitoba families.These robots are programmed to provide reminders of necessary daily routine like turning off the gas，taking medicine and having dinner.They will also help ensure patients are getting the exercise they need to maintain their health and well­being. Erin Crawford，Program Director with the Alzheimer Society of Manitoba，says she has faith that TP robots will prove beneficial，particularly when it comes to reminding people with dementia to do certain things at certain times.“It means that family members that can't be there，for whatever reason，know that those things are till happening，” she says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Reg Urbanowski和他的团队一起研发了一种新型机器人——TP机器人，用于帮助那些全职工作者照顾患有老年痴呆的家人。 8．What inspired Reg Urbanowski and his team to develop such robots? A．Solving a puzzle in society. B．Making caring for the elderly easier. C．Helping aging people with dementia. D．Encouraging people they love and care. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“As aging population gets bigger and dementia(老年痴呆症)more common”及“How do you support a loved one with dementia...”可知，人口老龄化和老年痴呆症越来越普遍，如何养活一个患有痴呆症的亲人成为一个社会难题，这激励了Reg Urbanowski和他的团队去开发这样的机器人，故选A项。] 9．Which is a function of TP robots? A．They arrange dinners for users. B．They turn on the light for users. C．They play games with users. D．They remind users to take exercise. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“These robots are programmed to provide ... the exercise they need to maintain their health and well­being.”可知，这些机器人被编制程序来提醒人们做一些必要的日常工作，比如关掉煤气，吃药，吃晚饭。它们还将有助于确保病人得到他们需要的锻炼，以保持他们的身体健康。由此可知，TP机器人的一个功能就是提醒用户做锻炼，故选D项。] 10．What's Erin Crawford's attitude to the future of TP robots? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Optimistic. D．Cautious. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“she has faith that TP robots will prove beneficial，particularly when it comes to reminding people with dementia to do certain things at certain times”可知，她相信TP机器人将被证明是有益的，特别是当它提醒痴呆症患者在特定的时间做特定的事情时。由此可以推断出，她对机器人未来发展前景是持乐观态度的，故选C项。] 11．What does the passage mainly cover? A．The new characteristics of TP robots. B．A new type of robot for dementia patients. C．A practical way to relieve pain from dementia. D．The application of TP robots in medical community. B　[主旨大意题。本文介绍了Reg Urbanowski和他的团队一起研发了一种新型机器人——TP机器人，用于帮助那些全职工作者照顾患有老年痴呆的家人。B项(一种用于痴呆症患者的新型机器人。)为本文主旨大意。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Everybody yawns(打哈欠)— from unborn babies to great­grandparents.But why，exactly，do we yawn? 1 ． One theory(理论)is that when we are bored or tired，we just don't breathe as deeply as we usually do. 2 ．Therefore，yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the blood and move more carbon dioxide out of the blood. Yawning，then，would be an action that we can't really control to help us control our oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.Sounds good，but other studies have shown that breathing more oxygen does not make us yawn less. 3 ．Hmmm.Now what? 4 ．Stretching(拉伸)and yawning may be a way to relax muscles and joints，increase heart rate，and feel more awake. Other people believe that yawning is a protective way to redistribute(重新分配)the oil­like substance called surfactant that helps keep lungs from drying up.So，if we didn't yawn，according to this theory，taking a deep breath would become harder and harder—and that would not be good! But there is one idea about yawning that everyone knows to be true： 5 ．If you yawn in class，you'll probably notice a few other people will start yawning，too.Even thinking about yawning can get you yawning.How many times have you yawned while reading this article? We hope not many! A．It seems to spread B．Yawning seems to be common C．No one knows for sure，but there are many theories D．Another theory is that yawning stretches the lung and lung tissue E．This theory indicates yawning，like a deep breath，helps us feel fresh F.Likewise，breathing more carbon dioxide does not increase yawning G．As this theory goes，our bodies take in less oxygen because our breathing has slowed 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类打哈欠的现象并分析了其原因。 1．C　[本空为承上启下句。上文But why，exactly，do we yawn？是个问句，C项(没有人确切地知道，但有许多理论)承接上文问句，引出下文。C项中many theories和下文One theory相呼应。] 2．G　[根据上文One theory is that when we are bored or tired，we just don't breathe as deeply as we usually do.可知，我们疲惫时呼吸变浅了。G项(按照这个理论，我们的身体吸入的氧气减少是因为我们的呼吸变慢了)是对这一理论进一步科学解释。上文One theory和选项中This theory相呼应。下文Therefore，yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the blood and move more carbon dioxide out of the blood.和G项是因果关系。] 3．F　[根据上文...but other studies have shown that breathing more oxygen does not make us yawn less.可知，呼吸更多氧气不会减少打哈欠的次数。F项(同样地，呼吸更多的二氧化碳也不会增加打哈欠的次数)与上文呼应，说明打哈欠的次数不会因为呼吸氧气、二氧化碳的多少发生变化。] 4．D　[上文Now what？是问句，D项(另一种理论认为打哈欠会拉伸肺和肺组织)承接问句，给出另一种答案。下文Stretching and yawning may be a way to relax muscles and joints，increase heart rate，and feel more awake.是对D项的进一步解释。D项中stretches和下文Stretching为复现词。] 5．A　[根据下文If you yawn in class，you'll probably notice a few other people will start yawning，too.可知，打哈欠会传染扩散。A项(它似乎在扩散)位于段首，点明本段主题。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The days are divided into day and night for most of us.But for two months each winter in northern Norway.It's dark for twenty 1. (hour) a day.There is no sunrise or sunset because the sun never 2. (get) above the horizon(地平线)． Would you like 3. (live) in darkness for this long? It may seem difficult，but many Norwegians love the beautiful colors of these months.To the south 4. (be) the red and gold colors of the horizon.To the north，5. sky is extremely blue.Even the moon and stars look blue.In the towns，streetlights shine like little yellow diamonds(钻石)． People do need light to be 6. (health) and happy.Since they don't have much daylight during this time of the year，Norwegians exercise and eat foods with vitamins A and D．And darkness doesn't stop Norwegians from 7. (have) a good time.Each winter，people are skiing on hills 8. are lighted up.Others are going to film and music festivals.And other people are spending time 9. friends in cafes and restaurants.Of course，not everyone works so 10. (active) in the dark months.Many people are just going to sleep a little earlier until the sun returns in spring. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挪威人在极夜时度过黑暗的方式。 1．解析：　hours　考查名词的单复数。根据空前twenty可知，可数名词hour应用复数形式。 2．解析：　gets　考查动词的时态。根据主句There is no sunrise可知，本句应用一般现在时gets。 3．解析：　to live　考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth意为“想要做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式to live作宾语。 4．解析：　are　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时；且本句为介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装句，句子主语the red and gold colors of the horizon为复数形式，故本空应用are。 5．解析：　the　考查冠词。根据空后名词sky可知，本空应用定冠词the表特指。 6．解析：　healthy　考查词性转换。根据空后and happy可知，本空应用形容词healthy。 7．解析：　having　考查非谓语动词。根据空前介词from可知，本空应用动词­ing形式作宾语。stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。 8．解析：　that/which考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词hills，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which。 9．解析：　with　考查介词。spend time with sb意为“与某人消磨时间”，故本空应用介词with。 10．解析：　actively　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词work，故应用副词形式为actively。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $