UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Extended reading-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义围绕“中国饮食文化”主题阅读展开，系统梳理四川火锅、南京盐水鸭、广东点心等饮食相关核心词汇（如chilli, Sichuan pepper, dim sum）、语法结构（定语从句、非谓语动词、名词性从句）及阅读策略（整体理解、细节定位、长难句分析），构建“词汇预习-原文研读-理解练习-语言拓展-巩固应用”的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，通过三篇饮食日记展现中国地域饮食文化多样性，增强学生家国情怀，同时词汇表标注词性与搭配、语法部分解析长难句（如as引导的时间状语从句、what引导的主语从句），提升语言理解与表达能力。课中辅助教师系统开展主题教学，课后学生可借助核心词汇拓展、句式练习等模块自主巩固，弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………………………………………………………………◎ ①loose adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 let sth loose 释放；放任 ②bubble vi.起泡；冒泡 ③be covered with被……所覆盖 ④chilli (AmE chili) n．辣椒 ⑤pepper n．甜椒；胡椒粉 Sichuan pepper 花椒 ⑥onion n．洋葱，葱头 spring onion 小葱，香葱 ⑦tip vt.倒出，倾倒 ⑧quicken vt.(使)加快，加速；变得更活跃；使更活跃 ⑨damp adj.潮湿的，湿气重的 ⑩foggy adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的 ⑪dynasty n．朝，代；王朝 ⑫expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述 ⑬multiple adj.数量多的，多样的 ⑭sauce n．调味汁，酱 ⑮appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力；向某人呼吁 ⑯plain adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n．平原 ⑰slice n．薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把……切成片；切开，割破 ⑱chef n．主厨，厨师 ⑲be famous for 因……而出名 ⑳in particular尤其，特别 ㉑without equal无与伦比；无敌；无比 ㉒property n．性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产 ㉓appropriate adj.合适的 ㉔estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本 ㉕consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间) ㉖hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 ㉗Cantonese adj.广东人(或文化)的，粤语的 n．(pl. Cantonese) 广东人；粤语 ㉘dim sum n．点心 ㉙essential adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的 ㉚innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法 ㉛a variety of 各种各样的 ㉜concept n．概念，观念 ㉝take off(产品、活动、事业等)腾飞，突然成功 ㉞stimulate vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 ㉟appetite n．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 ㊱delicate adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 ㊲emphasis n．(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 ㊳steam vt.& vi.蒸；散发蒸汽n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 ◎……………………………………………………………………… Eating in China 7 March，Sichuan hot pot The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China，and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose① rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon.I gave it my first try last night，together with a few local friends.As the soup bubbled② slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table【1】，its surface was covered with③ a beautiful layer or chillies④，Sichuan peppers⑤，spring onions⑥ and red oil.Slowly at first，and then faster and faster，we tipped⑦ plates of fresh meat，fish and vegetables into the pot.The hot flavour quickened⑧ our laughter and conversation，making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends 【2】． 【1】as引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……时；随着”。 【2】动词-ing形式短语作状语；动词不定式短语to relax with friends作定语，修饰名词way。 Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp⑨，foggy⑩ climate in which they were invented【3】．They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty⑪ as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.In the beginning，the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables，chillies and Sichuan peppers in water.Over time，it has expanded⑫ to include multiple⑬ options of soups，vegetables，meats and sauces⑭，appealing to⑮ people of different tastes【4】．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots【5】 is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends【6】 since a meal can last for hours【7】．I instantly became a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and I'll soon be back for more! 【3】in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词climate。 【4】动词-ing形式短语作状语。 【5】what引导主语从句。 【6】that引导表语从句。 【7】since引导原因状语从句，since意为“因为，由于”。 12 August，Nanjing salted duck Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export.Served plain⑯ in thin，white slices⑰，the meat is juicy and salty.Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare，and the process includes salting，drying，boiling and cooling.As I finished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing【8】，my host，Chef ⑱ Zhang，told me a little more about the dish. 【8】as引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……时；随着”。 The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for⑲ its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds.A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular⑳，saying it was without equal㉑【9】．Traditionally，duck is considered to have cooling properties㉒，so it is appropriate㉓ for the hot summer months.Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated㉔ that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed㉕ every day in Nanjing【10】！ It definitely hit the spot㉖ when I tried it，and it has become one of my personal favourites. 【9】动词-ing形式短语作状语。 【10】it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 8 December，Cantonese㉗ dim sum㉘ In Guangzhou，morning tea is such an essential㉙ part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.” Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty【11】，the Cantonese innovation㉚ of the mid-19th century was to serve tea【12】 together with a variety of㉛ light dishes，or dim sum.The concept㉜ took off㉝，and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate㉞ customers' appetite㉟ with over a thousand offerings，each more delicate㊱ and delicious than the last. 【11】though引导让步状语从句。 【12】动词不定式短语作表语。 The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfast，as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhou's old city centre this morning.The emphasis㊲ is rather on conversation about business，family or pleasure，and locals can spend hours together chatting，drinking tea and working their way through the menu.From beef balls to rice noodle rolls，there are various dishes that have been baked，boiled，steamed㊳ or fried【13】．A single visit is not enough to appreciate everything，and I have a long list of dim sum I still need to try【14】． 【13】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词dishes。 【14】画线部分为定语从句，修饰先行词dim sum，从句省略了关系代词that或which。 食在中国 3月7日，四川火锅 令人垂涎欲滴的四川火锅，闻名海内外，那火锅的风味足以温暖隆冬的寒夜，或在夏日的午后让人汗流如注。昨晚，我第一次尝试了四川火锅，是与几位当地的朋友一道吃的。桌子正中的煤气炉上，汤缓缓地冒着泡，表面覆盖着一层辣椒、花椒和红油，甚是好看。我们把一盘盘新鲜的肉、鱼和菠菜倒进锅里，一开始慢，到后来越来越快，热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。 四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种方法。一开始，美味的火锅只不过是将蔬菜、辣椒和花椒用水煮。后来，火锅的内容逐渐丰富，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的蔬菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。我瞬间成了四川火锅的“铁杆粉丝”，我很快会再回来吃的。 8月12日，南京盐水鸭 盐水鸭是南京最有名的特色食品。鸭肉简单地切成白白的薄片，多汁带咸。每只盐水鸭都要经过腌、晾、煮、凉等工序，耗费数天制成。前几天下午，我在南京吃完我第一份盐水鸭后，做东的张大厨给我介绍了一下这道菜。 南京周边的乡村因为鸭子已经驰名中外数百年，这一带水网密布，非常适合养殖水禽。一本清末的地方志尤其盛赞盐水鸭，称其无与伦比。传统上鸭肉被认为性凉，所以适宜在炎热的夏季食用。如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！我一尝，它正对我胃口，盐水鸭已经成了我最钟爱的美食之一。 12月8日，广东点心 在广东，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“饮茶未”(粤语，意为“你吃早茶了吗”)成了当地人问候早安的方式。虽说茶馆在中国从唐代开始司空见惯了，但19世纪中叶广东人的创新在于将茶佐以各种小菜或点心。这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致、可口。 广东人用早餐并不匆忙，正如今天早晨我在广东老城区中心的一家餐厅所见的那样，重点是谈生意，话家常、说乐子。当地人可以花上几个小时一起谈天，饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。从牛丸到肥肠，烤、煮、蒸、炸的菜品各式各样，来一次不足以尝个遍，我列出了一个长长的清单，都是以后要品尝的点心。 一、整体理解 Match the main idea with each part. Part 1 (Paras.1～2) A.The introduction to Cantonese dim sum. Part 2 (Paras.3～4) B.The introduction to Sichuan hot pot. Part 3 (Paras.5～6) C.The introduction to Nanjing Salted Duck. 答案：　BCA 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What food ingredient is not included in Sichuan hot pot? A．Sichuan peppers.　 B．Spring onions. C．Chillies.　 D．Fish and chips. 2．When may Sichuan hot pot date back to? A．The late Qing Dynasty. B．The early Qing Dynasty. C．The late Ming Dynasty. D．The early Ming Dynasty. 3．What can we know about Nanjing salted duck? A．It is Nanjing's famous food import. B．The meat is a bit fat but juicy. C．It takes a few days to make. D．Its process includes salting，boiling and frying. 4．Why is Nanjing salted duck so famous? A．The countryside around Nanjing has waterways. B．The duck is regarded to have cooling properties. C.Every year，tens of thousands of ducks are consumed. D．The duck has its unique flavour and taste. 5．What can we learn from the fifth paragraph? A．Cantonese dim sum dates from Tang Dynasty. B．Cantonese dim sum is only served in the teahouse. C．Cantonese dim sum has been changed since the 1850s. D．Cantonese dim sum has around 100 offerings at most. 6．Why do people in Guangdong go to the restaurant to have morning tea? A．To have the breakfast. B．To enjoy a long list of dim sum. C．To taste the typical beef balls. D．To have conversations on business，family or pleasure. 答案：　1－6：DACDCD 三、长难句分析 1．What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；since引导原因状语从句，since意为“因为，由于”。 [翻译]　我最喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭能吃上好几个小时。 [核心单词] 1．a romantic atmosphere 　　　 浪漫的氛围 2．have no appetite 没有胃口 3．the steam age 蒸汽时代 4．plain style 朴素的风格 5．mild climate 温和的气候 6．cold and damp 又冷又湿 7．five hundred grams of sugar 500克糖 8．leave a bitter taste 留下苦味 9．the edge of the cliff 悬崖边上 10．the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 11．boil an egg for him 给他煮个鸡蛋 12．the latest version 最新的版本 13．an adorable child 一个可爱的孩子 14．fry the steaks 油炸牛排 15．enjoy the scenery 欣赏风景 [拓展单词] 1．impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n．印象，感想→impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人深刻印象的 2．loose adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的→loosen vt.(使)放松，变松；松开，放开→loosely adv.宽松地，松散地，不精确地 3．foggy adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n．雾；迷惘，困惑 4．expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n．扩张，扩充 5．appropriate adj.合适的→inappropriate adj.不合适的 6．consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费；消耗，消耗量 7．innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate vi.& vt.引入(新事物、思想或方法)；创新；改革→innovative adj.新颖的，创新的 8．stimulate vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→stimulation n．激励；兴奋(作用)→stimulating adj.趣味盎然的；激励人的，振奋人心的 9．delicate adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的→delicacy n．娇嫩，柔软；脆弱；仔细 10．emphasis n．(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读→emphasize vt.强调 11．wrapper n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→wrap vt.包，裹(礼物等)；用……缠绕(或围紧) 12．mixture n．混合物；混合，结合→mix vt.(使)混合，掺和，融合；调配，配制；相容，平安相处→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．投身于，热衷于　　　　　 throw oneself into 2．好(或美等)得不得了 out of this world 3．释放；放任 let sth loose 4．尤其，特别 in particular 5．使人满意，正合需要 hit the spot 6．(产品、活动、事业等)腾飞 take off 7．破碎，破裂；崩溃 fall apart 第二组　英译汉 8．be covered with　　　 被……所覆盖 9．appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力；向某人呼吁 10．be famous for 因……而出名 11．without equal 无与伦比；无敌；无比 12．a variety of 各种各样的 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．原级比较 The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as(海内外同样闻名) they are in China. 2．“enough＋动词不定式”结构 The hot flavour is enough to heat up(足以温暖) a cold midwinter evening. 3．动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation，making the meal the perfect way(使这顿饭成为完美方式) to relax with friends. “enough＋动词不定式”结构 (教材原句)The hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening. 那火锅的风味足以温暖隆冬的寒夜。 (1)“enough＋动词不定式”结构意为“足够地……可以做……”，enough前常出现形容词或副词，该结构可与so/such...that...结构转换； (2)若enough前出现否定词，则不仅否定了enough，而且也否定其后的动词不定式，意为“不够……不能做……”，该结构可与“too...to...”句型转换 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Would you be good enough to take (take) my bag upstairs for me? ②It was too late to repair (repair) the damage done to their relationship. ◎能力提升——句式改写 ③He is so strong that he can move the big stone away.(改为“enough＋动词不定式”结构) →He is strong enough to move the big stone away. ④He is not old enough to go to school.(改为“too...to...”结构) →He is too young to go to school． expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述 (教材原句)Over time，it has expanded to include multiple options of soups，vegetables，meats and sauces，appealing to people of different tastes.后来，火锅的内容逐渐丰富，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的蔬菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。 (1)expand on/upon 详述，充分叙述，详细阐明 expand...into... 把……扩展成…… expand into... 扩大成为…… (2) expansion n. 扩张，扩 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中expand的含义/单句语法填空 ①I will expand on this topic in the next class to make you more clear about it.细谈，详述 ②We all know that heat causes an object to expand and cold causes it to contract.膨胀 ③The teacher is teaching the students how to expand one sentence into a paragraph. ④Due to the continuous expansion (expand) of business，we need to employ more workers. ⑤Would you please expand on/upon how you managed to get the job? ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥The company is eager to expand into new markets． 那家公司急欲进军新的市场。 estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本 (教材原句)Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing！如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！ (1)estimate sth at... 估算某物的价值为……，估计某事的数为…… estimate for sth 估算(某项工作)的费用 be estimated to be/have/cost 估计是/有/花费 It is estimated that... 据估计…… (2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The building company estimated the cost of the new house at $30，000. ②We asked our builder to estimate for the repair of the ceiling. ③The company's market value is estimated to be (be) worth around $ 369 million. ④According to rough estimation (estimate)，the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤It is estimated that the building will be completed in ten months. 据估计大楼十个月内可以完工。 stimulate vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 (教材原句)The concept took off，and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings，each more delicate and delicious than the last.这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致，可口。 (1)stimulate sb to do sth　促使某人做某事， 激发某人做某事 (2)stimulation n. 激励；兴奋(作用) (3)stimulating adj. 趣味盎然的；激励人的，振奋人心 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Interesting English literature works can stimulate students to do (do) more reading after class. ②With the stimulation (stimulate) of consumer markets，the industry body expects gold demand to further revive this year. ③Universities have been asked to make their courses more attractive and stimulating (stimulate)． ◎能力提升——微写作 ④Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to think． 好的老师应该提出激发学生思考的问题。 emphasis n．(pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读 (教材原句)The emphasis is rather on conversation about business，family or pleasure，and locals can spend hours together chatting，drinking tea and working their way through the menu.重点是谈生意，话家常、说乐子。当地人可以花上几个小时一起谈天，饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。 (1)put/lay/place emphasis on sth　　　　　强调/重视某事 (2)emphasize vt. 强调，重视；重读，加强……的语气 emphasize the importance of 强调……的重要 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The new policy will also force schools to put emphasis on teaching basic subjects. ②The important role in prevention and safety education must be emphasized (emphasize)． ◎能力提升——一句多译 ③我们老师总是强调独立做作业的重要性。 →Our teacher always emphasizes the importance of doing homework independently.(emphasize) →Our teacher always puts/lays/places emphasis on the importance of doing homework independently.(emphasis) mixture n．混合物；混合，结合 (教材原句)Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture.把混合物装满饺子皮。 (1)mix v.　　　　　　(使)混合，掺和，融合 mix...with/and... 把……与……混合 mix...up with... 把……和……搞混了；把……和……结合起来 (2)mixed adj. 混合的；混杂 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprise and horror. ②If you mix blue with/and yellow，you will get green. ③I came home from the meeting with mixed (mix) feelings. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④People often mix him up with his brother because they're so alike. 人们常常把他和他哥哥搞混了，因为他们长得太像了。 维度一　单词拼写 1．Even in small companies，computers are an essential(必不可少的)tool. 2．I know you don't have an appetite(食欲)，but you need to eat something. 3．Don't put that glass so near the edge(边缘)of the table. 4．James works as an assistant chef(厨师)at a fast food restaurant. 5．The eye is one of the most delicate(脆弱的)organs of the body. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．This example clearly showed the conflict between tradition and innovation (innovate)． 2．A mixture (mix) of skill and good luck decided the outcome of the game. 3．She fastened the belt loosely (loose) around her waist. 4．An inspiring teacher can stimulate students to succeed (succeed)． 5．I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it. 维度三　完成句子 1．It is estimated that the project will last four years. 据估计，这项工程将持续四年。 2．I was dying of thirst，and that cup of ice tea hit the spot． 我渴得要命，那杯冰茶正好解渴。 3．His enthusiasm is enough to melt a heart of stone. 他的热诚足以融化铁石心肠。 课时精练(四)　Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment (时间：60分钟　满分：80分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The plants grow best in cool，damp(潮湿的)conditions. 2．Plain(朴素的)and simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. 3．He was so worried about his son that he apparently had no appetite(胃口)for his supper. 4．How to protect the delicate(脆弱的)ecosystem was among the top concerns. 5．The Tang Dynasty(朝代)was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry. 6．Most authorities agree that play is an essential(必不可少的)part of a child's development. 7．She seemed unfamiliar with the concept(概念)that everyone should have an equal opportunity. 8．He fell，striking his head on the edge(边)of the table. 9．Be careful not to damage other people's property(财产)． 10．The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．We are looking to the further expansion (expand) of trade and cooperation between us. 2．We must encourage innovation (innovate) if the company is to remain competitive. 3．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements. 4．Her bright clothes were not appropriate for a funeral. 5．Nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be (be) overweight. 6．According to the research，gas and oil consumption (consume) always increases in cold weather. 7．Constant innovation (innovate)，combined with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products. 8．Her interest in art was stimulated (stimulate) by her father when she was only five years old. 9．The gross weight of the box of chocolates is 500 grams (gram)． 10．It was so foggy (fog) that we had to feel our way home. 维度三　完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．This desk is just as wide as that old one. 我这张书桌正好和那张旧书桌一样宽。 2．The smell is enough to make me throw up． 这气味足以使我呕吐。 3．Mary failed all her exams，making her parents very angry． 玛丽一门考试也没通过，使她父母非常生气。 4．He was deeply impressed with/by what he had seen in China. 在中国见到的一切给他留下了深刻的印象。 5．It is high time that we should lay/put/place great emphasis on the wildlife protection. 我们对野生动物保护加以高度重视的时候到了。 维度四　课文语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China，and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon.I gave it my 1.first (one) try last night，together with a few local friends! As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table，its surface 2.was covered(cover) with a beautiful layer of chillies，Sichuan peppers，spring onions and red oil.3.Slowly(slow) at first，and then faster and faster，we tipped plates of fresh meat，fish and vegetables into the pot.The hot flavour quickened our 4.laughter (laugh) and conversation，making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp，foggy climate 5.in which they were invented.They are believed 6.to have started (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.In the beginning，the delicious dish was made simply by 7.boiling(boil) vegetables，chillies and Sichuan peppers in water.Over time，it 8.has expanded (expand) to include multiple options of soups，vegetables，meats and sauces，appealing to people of different tastes.9.What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.I instantly became 10.a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and I'll soon be back for more! [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) Food brings us together and connects us to our families，friends，nature and to foreign cultures.Food is universal.Food waste，on the other hand，has become a universal problem，as it significantly contributes to climate change.Luckily，there are countries that have laws to require supermarkets or other businesses to donate unsold food. About one third of all food grown for human consumption is thrown out or wasted according to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)．This creates both environmental and financial problems，since traditional agriculture requires large amounts of resources including land and water.Food production is also a major cause of greenhouse gases and climate change. Food waste occurs at every step of food production from the field to the store.In fact，fruits，vegetables，and roots have the highest waste.Donating food that is unusually wasted does not mean giving away damaged food.Sometimes it is simply a case of food being mislabeled，a can that has a torn label，or slightly bruised fruit. To reduce both the financial and environmental pressure，Italy passed a law to encourage businesses and farmers to donate unsold food to charities.Companies that donate their leftovers will pay lower taxes on waste removal. Waste management is also a very costly thing for governments.In fact，according to Global Citizen，in 2016，Italy spent over $13.3 billion on waste management.The idea behind the law is that when it is economic and convenient，companies will happily follow the law. France was the first country to pass a food donation law in 2016.It required supermarkets that are at least 4，300 square feet to donate unsold food to charity.Since then，90 percent of supermarkets began donating food，the number of which was 66 percent before the law. To increase food donations，Israel passed a law in 2018 to ensure that unused food from restaurants，hotels and other places goes to the people that need it most. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今食物浪费的现状和不良影响，对此意大利通过了一项法律鼓励企业和农民将未售出的食品捐赠给慈善机构，介绍了这一法律的影响。 1．What does Paragraph 2 focus on? A．FAO's guidelines.　　　 B．Human eating diets. C．Global climate change.　 D．Food waste problems. D　[段落大意题。根据第二段“About one third of all food grown for human consumption is thrown out or wasted according to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)．”可知，第二段主要介绍的是食物浪费问题，故选D项。] 2．What is most likely to be given away according to the law? A．Heavily broken canned food. B．Unhealthy vegetables. C．Slightly bruised fruit. D．Damaged food. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Donating food that is unusually wasted does not mean ...a can that has a torn label，or slightly bruised fruit.”可知，根据法律，轻微擦伤的水果最有可能被丢弃，故选C项。] 3．What benefit will the Italian government get from the law? A．It will sell donated food to make money. B．It will ask companies to pay higher taxes. C．It will save money on waste management. D．It will attract more international companies. C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Waste management is also ... when it is economic and convenient，companies will happily follow the law.”可知，意大利政府将从这项法律中得到的好处是：政府将节省花在废物管理上的钱，故选C项。] 4．What is known about the food donation law? A．It seems difficult to pass in Israel. B．It takes effect gradually in France. C．It is just applied in supermarkets. D．It is an unsuccessful try in France. B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“France was the first country to pass a food donation law in 2016.It required ...，the number of which was 66 percent before the law.”可知，食品捐赠法在法国逐渐生效，故选B项。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) A letter to Mum and her mince pies(肉饼) When I was a little girl，you and I loved decorating the living room and Christmas tree.After 1 ，we would bake cakes.“Make enough mince pies，because Santa(圣诞老人)likes them，” you would tell me. Christmas Eve came and you would put me on my neatly made 2 ．I'd fall asleep until Christmas 3 ．I'd wake up and thrill at the sight before me.At the bottom of my bed would be loads of presents.I'd scream in delight， 4 tearing the paper open.Running downstairs，I would discover that Santa hadn't just stopped in the 5 ：there were also lots of 6 around the Christmas tree. Many years later the 7 continued.The only thing that 8 was the presents at the end of the bed — I've already grown up. One afternoon while we were making extra mince pies as usual，it 9 hit me that the extra wasn't for 10 ．I said，“Those extra mince pies were never for Santa，were they? They were for you！” You never said a word — a smile was your only 11 ． Christmas changed in 1986，when you suffered a 12 brain disease.After suffering throughout Christmas，you passed away on the 29 December. Only now am I starting to enjoy Christmas again，and while I don't do the 13 any more，I do have mince pies in the house.I leave one out just for you，as if you were still a part of my Christmas.And I make sure I put up the decorations 14 you，and us.Thanks for the 15 memories of Christmas，Mum. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候与母亲一起过圣诞节有装饰房间、装饰圣诞树和烤蛋糕、做馅饼的传统，后来母亲去世，作者仍然留一个馅饼来纪念母亲的故事。 1．A.cooking　 B．decorating　 C．living　 D．resting B　[根据前句you and I loved decorating the living room and Christmas tree.(你和我都喜欢装饰客厅和圣诞树)可知，装饰(decorating)完房间后，作者一家会一起烤蛋糕。] 2．A.bed　 B．chair　 C．sofa　 D．room A　[根据后文I'd fall asleep until Christmas...可知，妈妈把作者放在整洁的床上(bed)，让作者赶紧睡觉等待圣诞老人的礼物。] 3．A.Eve　 B．morning　 C．dinner　 D．vacation B　[根据后文I'd wake up可知，此处是在圣诞节的早上(morning)醒来。] 4．A.violently　 B．deliberately　 C．excitedly　 D．casually C　[根据前文的thrill at the sight before me及本句的delight可知，作者很激动，很兴奋(excitedly)。] 5．A.apartment　 B．lounge　 C．bedroom　 D．kitchen C　[根据上文At the bottom of my bed would be loads of presents.可知，圣诞老人不仅在卧室(bedroom)里放了礼物，也在圣诞树旁放了礼物。] 6．A.decorations　 B．cakes　 C．leaves　 D．presents D　[因为是圣诞节，因此在圣诞树旁堆了一些礼物(presents)。] 7．A.tradition　 B．holiday　 C．surprise　 D．situation A　[根据前文可知，圣诞节的传统(tradition)一直持续着。] 8．A.helped　 B．stopped　 C．remained　 D．counted B　[本空与前面的continue形成对比，故应用stopped(停止)。] 9．A.heavily　 B．certainly　 C．suddenly　　　 D．frequently C　[根据语境可知，作者突然(suddenly)想到。] 10．A.Mum　 B．Santa　 C．Christmas　 D．guests B　[根据空后Those extra mince pies were never for Santa，were they？(那些多余的肉馅饼不是给圣诞老人的，是吗？)可知，我突然意识到这些馅饼不是为圣诞老人(Santa)准备的。] 11．A.explanation　 B．opinion　 C．description　 D．reply D　[根据You never said a word—a smile...可知，妈妈没有说任何话，只是笑，这就是对我的答复(reply)。] 12．A.soft　 B．special　 C．severe　 D．common C　[根据后文you passed away on the 29 December.可知，母亲得了严重的(severe)大脑疾病。] 13．A.laundry　 B．cleaning　 C．operation　 D．baking D　[根据第一段中we would bake cakes.可知，他们过圣诞节的传统是装饰房间和圣诞树后烘烤蛋糕。而此处表示作者已经不再自己烤(baking)蛋糕了。] 14．A.in praise of　 B．in memory of　 C．on behalf of　　 D．on account of B　[根据语境可知，作者装饰房间是为了纪念(in memory of)妈妈，纪念自己过去跟妈妈一起过圣诞节的传统。] 15．A.short　 B．recent　 C．regretful　　　 D．wonderful D　[根据语境可知，作者回忆了自己小时候跟妈妈一起过圣诞节的美好(wonderful)回忆。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Having Zao Cha，a traditional breakfast tea，1. (be) a typical morning activity of Guangdong residents.Rich or poor，young or old，locals will go to a morning tea house either to drink tea or 2. (have) dim sum (点心)for breakfast.For them，Zao Cha is not only a 3. (deep) rooted daily habit but also an important way of social 4. (communicate)． Guangdong morning tea can be traced back 5. over 150 years ago during the Qing Dynasty.At that time，there was a small restaurant in Guangzhou called “Yi Li Pavilion，”6. served tea and dim sum.Later，more and more tea houses appeared，and the scale(规模)became 7. (large)．Since then，the Cantonese have formed the habit of 8. (drink) morning tea in a tea house. Today，morning tea in Guangdong has taken on a supporting role，but dim sum have become more delicate and diverse.Classical dim sum usually include buns，dumplings and rice rolls in various ingredients such as beef，chicken，pork，shrimp or vegetable.Usually，they 9. (serve) in 3 or 4 pieces in one portion. The traditional culture of having morning tea has now become 10. trend in other provinces，mainly in southern China. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广东的早茶文化。 1．解析：　is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语为动名词短语Having Zao Cha，故本空应用is。 2．解析：　to have　考查非谓语动词。根据句意及空前动词不定式短语to drink tea可知，本空应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。 3．解析：　deeply　考查词性转换。本空修饰形容词rooted，故应用副词deeply。deeply rooted意为“根深蒂固的”。 4．解析：　communication 　考查词性转换。根据空前形容词social可知，本空应用名词形式。 5．解析：　to　考查介词。trace back to意为“追溯到”，故本空应用介词to。 6．解析：　which　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Yi Li Pavilion，且名词在从句中作主语，指物，故本空应用关系代词which。 7．解析：　larger　考查形容词的比较级。根据句意可知，本空应用形容词比较级larger。 8．解析：　drinking　考查非谓语动词。根据空前介词of可知，本空应用动词-ing形式。 9．解析：　are served　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语usually可知，本句应用一般现在时，且句子主语they和动词serve之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。 10．解析：　a　考查冠词。根据句意可知，空后名词trend表示泛指，故应用不定冠词a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $