Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅳ　Using language 过去完成时 语法串烧 我的发现 　　Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become① a publisher. In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early morning until midnight. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. Sales of the newspaper shot up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World.He used the same business strategy he had employed② at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country. ①中的过去完成时表示“已完成”：句中用by引导的时间状语，表示become这一动作在过去时间the age of 25之前已经完成。 ②句中的过去完成时表示“已完成”：he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch是 the same business strategy的定语从句， employ 的动作发生在use的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”。 学生用书第129页 一、过去完成时的构成和用法 1．构成：had＋过去分词 2．基本用法： (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by, by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? ——你们找到安的家有困难吗？ —Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. ——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家清楚的方位，我们能够很容易地找到它。 By the end of 2019 he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。 (2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for, since等词连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。 3．过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 (1)在no sooner...than, hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意为“一……就，刚……就”。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang. 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 (2)在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 (3)It was＋一段时间＋since 从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (4)主句(过去完成时)＋ by the time ＋表示过去的从句 句子(过去完成时)＋by the end of＋表示过去的时间 By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone. 我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 By the end of last term, we had learnt about 500 English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。 (5)表示“意愿，打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 二、过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的 一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响 现在完成时 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作 学生用书第130页 He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company. 在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。 He once worked on a farm for 10 years, and now he is the manager of the company. 他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 I haven't seen her since she went abroad five years ago. 自从五年前她出国以来我就没有见过她。 I met her at the airport yesterday.I hadn't seen her for five years since she went abroad. 我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。 【温馨提示】　(1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 He said he went to the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 (2)当一个由before, after, as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚要走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 课时测评15　Section Ⅳ　Using language (时间：45分钟　满分：72分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．When we got to the station，the train had left(leave) already. 2．He had learned(learn) 3，000 words before he went to England. 3．He had planned(plan) to help his friend，but he was too busy then. 4．It was the third time that he had seen(see) such a large animal. 5．Hardly had he begun(begin) his speech when the audience interrupted him. 6．Edison had built(build) a chemistry lab by the time he was ten. 7．He worked(work) there for two years.Now he is in China. 8．He told us that he had planted(plant) more than 200 trees already. 9．I met Wang Hua in the street yesterday.We hadn't seen(not，see) each other for a long time. 10．She insisted (insist) on participating in the activity with us the other day. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共12分) 1．那是他第一次来到一个这么大的城市。 It was the first time that he had come to such a big city． 2．现在他在北京居住。他在美国待过两年。 Now he's living in Beijing.He stayed in America for two years. 3．她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。 She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to play the piano. 4．当妈妈到家时，我已经做了十道数学题。 When my mother got home，I had already done 10 maths problems． 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题2分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，用所给动词的正确形式填空。 Tom said he 1. had gone(go) to Tianjin the week before. This was the second time that he 2.had gone(go) there. It was about six years since he 3.had visited(visit) Tianjin. He said a lot of changes 4.had happened(happen) to Tianjin. In his opinion, Tianjin is one of the most beautiful cities that he 5.has ever visited (visit). He feels fortunate living in Tianjin. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·广东省东莞市高二上期中) In the late 1990s, a scientist named Mark Blumberg stood in a lab at the University of Iowa watching a few sleeping newly-born rats. He found that the baby rats kept making small, sharp movements in their sleep, and that their closed eyes moved from side to side in a phenomenon known as rapid eye movement (REM). Blumberg knew that the rats were fine, because he knew people do the same during REM sleep. And scientists have long had an explanation for the twitches (抽动) and REM: They are dreaming about their waking life. However, as he dug deeper, he wondered why adult rats spend only about two hours of each night in REM sleep, while baby rats spend an unusual amount of time in REM, often sleeping for sixteen hours a day and dreaming for eight. “If dreams are hints of waking life, adult rats who have more experiences should spend more time in REM sleep. Why do baby rats, whose eyes are still shut, spend so much time in REM sleep when they have too little to dream about？” he wondered. “Why do their eyes, their legs, tails and whiskers move hundreds of thousands of times during their sleep？” In the end, Blumberg concluded that it might be the other way around — perhaps the movements were sending signals to the brain to help it learn about the body. “You wouldn't think that the body is something a brain needs to learn，” he wrote in a paper. “But we aren't born with maps of our bodies. We can't be, because our bodies change by the day. But in waking life, we cannot move only a single muscle. Even the simplest act of swallowing (吞咽) employs more than thirty pairs of nerves and muscles working together. Our small and sharp movements in sleep, by contrast, are exact and precise: They involve muscles one at a time. In other words, such movements allow the muscles and nerves to form one-to-one connections that otherwise would be impossible. It's a process that's most important for the brain to learn about the body as we grow, suffer injuries and learn new skills. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解：这些不是做梦的表征，而是在帮助大脑了解身体的各个部位。 1．What was the previous explanation for REM? A．It was just an outward sign of dreams. B．It showed the difficulty in sleeping. C．It was an indicator of terrible dreams. D．It only occured to sleeping baby rats. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“And scientists have long had an explanation for the twitches (抽动) and REM: They are dreaming about their waking life.”可知，之前对REM的解释是：REM是做梦的表征。故选A项。 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．Baby rats have to spend all night in REM sleep. B．REM sleep just accounts for part of the sleeping time. C．It is unnecessary for baby rats to sleep 16 hours a day. D．It is not enough for adults to have two hours of REM sleep. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推断，REM睡眠时间只占总睡眠时间的一部分。故选B项。 3．What is a feature of the movements in REM sleep according to Mark Blumberg? A．They teach the brain new skills and heal injuries. B．Muscles have to work together to start the movements. C．Each of them just involves a muscle and a nerve at a time. D．They are less exact and precise than our daily movements. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Our small and sharp movements in sleep...that otherwise would be impossible.”可知，这种抽动只牵涉到单一的肌肉与神经之间的链接。故选C项。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The importance of REM sleep. B．The latest discoveries about dreaming. C．The relationship between dreams and waking life. D．A different explanation for the twitches during sleep. 答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解。D项“睡眠中抽搐的另一种解释”符合文意。故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·广东省部分学校高二上期中) Romero is an 84-year-old man. He owes his 1 to his pet dog, Palomo, who took 2 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week. On November 27, Romero left his home for a short trip, but he didn't come back 3 . His family wasn't 4 at first as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later. However, after four days, the man's niece, Ramona, panicked and 5 it to the local authorities. The police with trained dogs were brought in to 6 Romero. They searched the area around, but a week after his 7 ， Romero was nowhere to be found. That's when the old man's faithful dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last 8 . According to one member of the search team, the brown dog 9 them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been 10 . His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that 11 his getting lost on his trip. The 12 weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet. One officer posted online that “Palomo 13 by the hospital door day and night waiting for the 14 of its beloved Romero. The unconditional love of his pet allowed Romero to be 15 with his family”. A photo of Palomo staying by Romero's side after he came back home was along with these words. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了84岁老人外出被困在沙漠一周，最后是他忠实的狗Palomo带着救援队找到了老人，让老人得救，得以和家人团聚。 1．A.survival B．poverty C．promotion D．identity 答案：A 解析：根据后文“According to one member of the search team, the brown dog them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been . ”可知，多亏了他的狗Palomo把救援人员带来了，他才能存活下来。故选A。 2．A.fighters B．strangers C．rescuers D．hunters 答案：C 解析：根据后文“According to one member of the search team”可知，是狗把救援人员带来了，故选C。 3．A.by turn B．at times C．in advance D．as usual 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Romero left his home for a short trip, but he didn't come back”指离开家，没有像往常一样回到家，故选D。 4．A.inspired B．concerned C．satisfied D．confused 答案：B 解析：根据“as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later.”可知，因为他经常去附近的村庄，过几天就会回来，所以他的家人一开始并不担心。故选B。 5．A.reported B．exposed C．transported D．introduced 答案：A 解析：根据后文“it to the local authorities”指把男子的失踪报告给了当局。故选A。 6．A.employ B．assess C．convince D．seek 答案：D 解析：根据后文“They searched the area around”可知，带着训练有素的警犬的警察被派去寻找罗梅罗。故选D。 7．A.graduation B．competition C．disappearance D．consumption 答案：C 解析：根据后文“Romero was nowhere to be found”可知，罗梅罗失踪了，到处都找不到。故选C。 8．A.attempt B．suggestion C．conclusion D．defence 答案：A 解析：根据上文“That's when the old man's faithful dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last”以及警察也进行了搜索可知，用老人的狗帮着寻找他是最后的尝试。故选A。 9．A.spotted B．dragged C．pointed D．guided 答案：D 解析：根据后文“them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been”可知，这只棕色的狗指引着他们找到老人，故选D。 10．A.defeated B．trapped C．cheated D．permitted 答案：B 解析：根据上文“he got lost in the desert for a week”可知，他被困在了沙漠里，出不去。故选B。 11．A.accounted for B．made out C．cared about D．resulted from 答案：A 解析：根据后文“his getting lost on his trip”可知，罗梅罗记忆力不好，这解释了他迷路的原因，account for表示“解释，说明”符合语境。故选A。 12．A.strangely B．equally C．suddenly D．obviously 答案：D 解析：根据后文“weak man was rushed to the hospital”以及上文可知，罗梅罗在沙漠被困了一周，明显虚弱。故选D。 13．A.hesitated B．shouted C．remained D．whispered 答案：C 解析：根据后文“by the hospital door day and night”指狗日夜守在门边，remain表示“留下”符合语境。故选C。 14．A.responsibility B．recovery C．cooperation D．arrival 答案：B 解析：根据上文“The weak man was rushed to the hospital”可知，狗不愿意离开是为了等老人恢复健康。故选B。 15．A.compared B．associated C．reunited D．pleased 答案：C 解析：根据后文“with his family”可知，狗救了老人，让他能够和家人团聚。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·福建省宁德市高二上期中) “If the world ends one day, these collections will bring hope of a new beginning to life on the earth，”said Li Pei, a staff member at the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species(GBOWS), in Yunnan Province. 1． (found)in 2007, GBOWS is a research and preservation facility for rare and endangered plants and animals. How does the bank work? Scientists collect endangered and 2. (use)wild species and send them to the seed bank. For future study, collectors have to record 3. (detail)of the plant, including 4. it was found, its size and the number of individual plants in the habitat. Once the seeds arrive, they're handled 5. (proper)by scientists. Then, X-rays confirm that the seeds are in good state. Then the seeds 6. (freeze), stored in glass bottles and placed in huge freezers at －20 ℃. Each container has 7. bar code for scanning to enable scientists to view seeds' information. GBOWS in Yunnan, 8. works with international partners, holds 2，176 sets of seeds from 45 countries and regions, with each set 9. (contain)thousands of individual seeds. “As China has rich and unique biological resources, we aim to further enhance(增加)our collections and conduct 10. (deep)research，” Li Pei said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了GBOWS，一家研究和保护珍稀濒危动植物的机构。 1．答案：Founded 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，GBOWS与found之间为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作状语，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Founded。 2．答案：useful 解析：考查词性转换。由and前endangered以及句意可知，此空也应填形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词。故填useful。 3．答案：details 解析：考查名词的单复数。分析句子可知，detail用作表“(关于某事物的)资料，消息”时，应用复数形式，在本句中作宾语。故填details。 4．答案：where 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应用连接副词。故填where。 5．答案：properly 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰前面的动词。故填properly。 6．答案：are frozen 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此空考查谓语动词，the seeds与freeze之间为被动关系，且由上下文可知，这里时态应用一般现在时且主语为复数。故填are frozen。 7．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。由句意可知，这里表示“一个条形码”，为泛指概念，应用不定冠词，且bar为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。 8．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词GBOWS，为物，在从句中作主语。故填which。 9．答案：containing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里考查with的复合结构，each set与contain之间为主动关系，所以这里应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填containing。 10．答案：deeper 解析：考查形容词的比较级。由句意可知，这里表示“更深入的研究”，所以应用形容词比较级。故填deeper。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $