Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦“人与自然——认识与探索自然”主题，以达尔文《物种起源》的科学探索历程为核心，通过Pre-reading引入背景，While-reading的主旨归纳、段落匹配、结构分析及细节理解搭建阅读支架，Post-reading的难句解构、佳句仿写与思维训练形成从输入到输出的完整学习链条。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，难句解构和佳句仿写提升语言运用能力，品质升华环节通过“为何延迟发表理论”“达尔文品质启示”等问题发展批判性与创造性思维，文化采风介绍《物种起源》背景增强文化意识。课中助力教师分层引导阅读，课后词汇注释与译文参考便于学生自主复习，弥补语言与文化知识盲点。

主题语境：人与自然——认识与探索自然 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用书第113页 Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Step One：Pre-reading 1．Who had a journey? Charles Darwin. 2．What's the discovery? A theory of evolution. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the passage? A．The captain of the ship was very helpful. B．Darwin discovered something about evolution on the journey. C．Darwin's father thought poorly of him. D．Darwin's theory of evolution caused a storm. 答案：B Ⅱ.Read the text and match the main idea of the paragraphs. (　)1.Para.1　 (　)2.Paras.2～5 (　)3.Paras.6～7 A．The process of how Darwin explored the theory of evolution. B．The impact and significance of On the Origin of Species. C．The background to Darwin's journey. 答案：1.C　2.A　3.B Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Darwin's father wasn't satisfied with him. B．Darwin was the right person the captain liked best. 学生用书第114页 C．Darwin had completed his degree before sailing. D．The captain wanted someone to do some work for him. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．When Darwin was in South America，his room was full of rocks. B．All the people liked Darwin's book when it was published. C．In 1835，what interested Darwin was the plants. D．Darwin did much research before publishing his book—On the Origin of Species. 3．Why did Darwin's book On the Origin of Species cause a storm? A．Because Darwin's father considered it a failure. B．Because the book referred to something about humans. C．Because people used to believe that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time. D．Because Darwin's theory was short of evidence. 答案：1－3：ADC Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835， 时间状语从句 Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most． 强调句 尝试翻译　在1835年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了多种新物种，但是最吸引他的是鸟类。 2．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved froma common ancestor， 宾语从句 which had arrived on the islands a long time before． 非限制性定语从句 尝试翻译　 达尔文猜想这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来的，很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 　教材佳句　The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.(人物介绍) 学后仿写　他在教学中富有经验，因此受到他所有学生的尊重。 He is equipped with much experience in teaching，so he is well respected by all his students. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Why didn't Darwin publish his theory of evolution until 1859？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Perhaps during this period，he was doing further scientific research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so on. 2．What characteristics can we learn from Darwin? Which one of them do you think will be the most helpful in your life and study？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Brave，hard-working，devoted，patient，strict，innovative/creative，curious，imaginative，diligent，intelligent，talented，brilliant，honest，confident，modest and so on.In my opinion，hard-working spirit is the most helpful in my study，because it will not only give me continuous energy and confidence to study but also make up for my shortcomings. 学生用书第115页 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①profit/ˈprɒfIt/ v．有益于，对(某人)有好处；获利 n．利润，收益 profit by/from...因……而获利/受益 ②opportunity n．机会 a rare/golden/perfect opportunity难得的/绝佳的/理想的机会 take/get/lose an opportunity把握/得到/失去机会 近义chance n．机会 ③distant/ˈdIstənt/ adj.遥远的 ④answer 熟词生义　 v．作出响应 answer the call响应号召 近义 respond vi.作出反应，响应 ⑤sb's first choice某人的第一志愿 ⑥medical/ˈmedIkl/ adj.医学的，医疗的medical school n．医学院，医科大学 medical certificate n．健康证明 medical records病历 ⑦complete/kəmˈpliːt/ v．完成 adj.完整的；完全的，彻底的 completely adv.完全地，彻底地，完整地 ⑧predict/prIˈdIkt/ v．预言，预报 ⑨disgrace/dIsˈgreIs/ n．丢脸，耻辱 be a disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事 近义shame n．羞耻 ⑩of all time有史以来，自古以来 ⑪in question讨论(或议论)中的 ⑫geologist/dʒi'ɒlədʒIst/ n．地质学家 ⑬naturalist/ˈnætʃrəlIst/ n．博物学家 ⑭fascinated/ˈfæsIneItId/ adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的 fascinating adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑮be crowded with(某场所)挤满 ⑯sample/ˈsɑːmp(ə)l/ n．样本 a sample survey抽样调查 ⑰come to exist产生(相当于come into existence) ⑱adapt/əˈdæpt/ v．适应；使适应；改编 adapt(oneself)to...适应…… ⑲inspire/InˈspaIə(r)/ v．激励，鼓舞；启发思考 be inspired by...受……启发 inspired adj.借助于灵感创作的 ⑳a variety of各种各样的 近义 all kinds of/all sorts of各种各样的 ㉑notice vt.& vi.注意到 n．布告，通知 近义词 spot v．发现，注意到 observe v．观察到，注意到 ㉒finch/fIntʃ/ n．雀科鸣禽 ㉓beak/biːk/ n．鸟嘴，喙 ㉔available/əˈveIləbl/ adj.可获得的，可找到的 be available for可利用的；有帮助的 be available to(某人)可获得的 ㉕suspect/səˈspekt/ v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 ㉖ancestor/ˈænsəstə/ n．(动物的)原种，祖先 反义 offspring n．子女，后代 ㉗over time随着时间的流逝 ㉘a lower form of life一种较为低级的生命形式 ㉙shock/ʃɒk/ v．使震惊，使惊愕 n．震惊，惊愕 ㉚convincing/kənˈvInsI/ adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 convinced adj. 确信的 ㉛be regarded as被认为是 ㉜begin with...以……作为开始 ◎……………………………………………………………………………………… A Journey of Discovery 1The captain of the ship，the Beagle，[1]wanted someone who would “profit① by the opportunity② of visiting distant③ countries yet little known”．[2]The person who answered④ the call was not the captain's first choice⑤.It was a young man who had left medical⑥ school without completing⑦ his degree.[3]What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting⑧ that he would be “a disgrace⑨ to yourself and all your family”．[4]Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑩. [1]画线部分the Beagle指the ship，作其同位语。 [2]画线部分为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语distant countries。distant countries与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。 [3]注意画线部分并不是强调句，本句中的It指代上文中的The person；句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a young man，who在从句中作主语。强调句中的It没有指代意义。 [4]画线部分为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词a letter；其中that引导宾语从句。 2The young man in question⑪，Charles Darwin，was a geologist⑫ and naturalist⑬，fascinated⑭ by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with⑮ samples⑯ of the plants and animals he had collected.As he studied these，[5]he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑰？ [5]As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。它强调一个与主句谓语同时发生的动作。 3At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed 学生用书第116页 since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted⑱ to their changing environments？It was just an idea，but enough to inspire⑲ Darwin to look for more evidence. 4When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of⑳ new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most．[6]Darwin noticed㉑ that there was a difference between the finches㉒ on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks㉓ had evolved according to what food was available㉔ on that particular island.[7] [6]画线部分是一个强调句，强调句子主语the birds。 [7]本句为主从复合句。其中seemed后是一个省略了that的表语从句；在表语从句中又包含了一个what引导的宾语从句，作介词短语according to的宾语。 5Darwin suspected㉕ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor㉖，which had arrived on the islands a long time before．[8]Over time㉗，it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors. [8]画线部分为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a common ancestor，which在从句中作主语。 6 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life㉘.They were shocked㉙.But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing㉚ that more and more people started to believe his theory．[9] [9]画线部分为“so...that...”结构，引导结果状语从句。 7Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as㉛ one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with㉜ the journey on the Beagle. 学生用书第117页 [文化采风] On the Origin of Species 《物种起源》 《物种起源》(On the Origin of Species)是英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文系统阐述生物进化理论基础的生物学著作，1859年在伦敦出版。 该书中，达尔文根据20多年所积累的对古生物学、生物地理学、形态学、胚胎学和分类学等许多领域的大量研究资料，以自然选择为中心，从多方面论证物种起源和生命自然界的多样性与统一性。 《物种起源》不仅开创了生物学发展史上的新纪元，而且引起了整个人类思想的巨大革命，在世界历史进程中有着广泛和深远的影响。 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ 发现之旅 “贝格尔号”舰的舰长想要一个可以“通过前往遥远且鲜为人知的国度的机会而有所收获”的人。响应号召的这个人并非舰长的首要人选。这是一位没有完成他的学位，从医学院辍学的年轻人。更重要的是，他最近收到了一封他父亲的来信，信中预言他将成为“你自己和你整个家族的耻辱”。即便如此，他在这艘舰上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。 提到的这个年轻人就是查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都非常着迷。1831年，他乘坐“贝格尔号”舰离开英国。这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美洲度过一段时间以后，他舰上的房间里满是他收集的动植物样本。当研究这些时，他问了自己一个问题：不同物种是如何产生的？ 那时，人们相信地球上的所有物种都是同时出现的，并且此后没有发生变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，一些动物种类之间十分相似。也许动物在适应环境变化时进化了？这虽然只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。 1835年，“贝格尔号”驶抵加拉帕戈斯群岛，达尔文(在那里)看到了各种各样的新物种，而他最感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，每个岛屿上的雀类都有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在的独特岛屿上可获得的食物类型而进化的。 达尔文猜想这些雀类是从一个共同的原种进化而来，这个原种在很久以前就来到了群岛。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成了许多新物种。这就是动植物的新物种如何产生的答案：它们从更早期的原种进化而来。 这是一个全新的理念——一种关于进化的理论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了该理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轰动。许多人拒绝相信生物，包括人类，是从较低级的生命形式进化而来。他们感到震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最为重要的著作之一。它永远地改变了人们对于地球上生命的看法。这一切都始于在“贝格尔号”上的旅程。 学生用书第118页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $