UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“第六次物种灭绝的特征及预防措施”展开，通过Pre-reading图片提问引入主题，While-reading分析主旨、结构和细节，Post-reading进行难句解构、佳句仿写及summary写作，搭建从输入到输出的学习支架。 其亮点在于语篇研读层层递进，结合细节题和summary培养语言能力与思维品质，黑知更鸟案例等渗透人类命运共同体意识。如段落匹配梳理逻辑，词汇构词法规律提升学习能力，学生能系统掌握语篇方法，教师可直接用于教学提高效率。

UNIT 3 CONSERVATION 主题语境：人与自然——环境保护 Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 内容索引 细梳理 语篇研读 1 释疑难 语篇助解 2 课时测评 5 固根基 语基自查 3 提能力 语基讲练 4 细梳理 语篇研读 返回 Look at the picture and answer the following question. How much do you know about extinction？ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step One：Pre-reading The reasons for biological extinctions are varied.The key is the rapid growth of the population.Scientists say the main cause of today's species extinction is the loss of large areas of animals habitats and environmental destruction.Human beings are in an absolute “supremacy” on the current earth，and the consideration of any event is self-centered on themselves，which will inevitably affect the development of other creatures，and the monotony of biodiversity is inevitable. Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text？ A.Six secret processes in the history of mankind. B.Some ways for man to save birds from extinction. C.Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race. D.The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction. Step Two：While-reading √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　　 A.The reasons leading to extinction were introduced. Para.2　　 B.It mainly introduces the five mass extinctions in human history. Paras.3-4 C.They mainly introduce the consequences of the sixth extinction and the ways to avoid it. Ⅲ.Read for the structure hitting decrease warming effect destroyed risk up action methods destroying Ⅳ.Read for details 1.Why does the author mention the extinctions in history in the first paragraph？ A.To show us the terrible disasters for mankind. B.To tell us the climate's impact on wildlife. C.To introduce the topic of this text to the readers. D.To warn us of the potential disasters for mankind. √ 2.What worries us most according to the author？ A.The destruction of our habitat. B.The rapid progress of species' dying out. C.The environmental pollution. D.The imbalance of nature. 3.What can we infer from the third paragraph？ A.Human beings are closely related to nature. B.Most living things will die out in the future. C.No forest will exist on the earth in the future. D.Oxygen will soon disappear on the earth. √ √ 4.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？ A.To show us what to do to avoid the sixth extinction. B.To tell us what to do to conserve our environment. C.To encourage us to save more energy in our life. D.To explain why we should protect the natural environment. 5.What is the author's attitude towards the mass extinction in this passage？ A.Uninterested. B.Concerned. C.Skeptical. D.Supportive. √ √ Ⅰ.难句解构 1.These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90％ to 96％ of all species. 结构分析：此句为________，其中known as the “Great Dying”为动词-ed形式短语作______，which引导______________从句。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Step Three：Post-reading 复合句 定语 非限制性定语 这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，在那期间90％到96％的物种灭亡了。 2.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 结构分析：此句是__________句，Although引导__________从句，从句中的it是形式主语，________________为真正的主语，主句的主干是_______ ___________________，at which为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词______。 汉语翻译：______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 主从复合 让步状语 动词不定式短语 the rate is cause for concern rate 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝发生的速度让人担忧。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1.教材佳句　 Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(环境描写) 学后仿写　夕阳西下的光线洒满了树林，给兴奋的女孩披上银色的外衣。 ________________________________________，blanketing the excited girl in silver color. 2.教材佳句　 In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.(动作、心理描写) 学后仿写　眼睛里闪烁着兴奋，喜悦的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下。 Eyes twinkling with excitement，tears of joy __________________________. The light from the sunset showered the woods streamed down her cheeks Ⅲ.品质升华 　　请将本模块课文内容精准归纳为一篇summary，内容词数控制在150词左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 返回 Summary 　　Extinctions have occurred frequently in Earth's history.Over 90％ of past species are extinct.There were five major extinction events before，and now many scientists think we're entering the sixth，mainly due to human activities.The extinction rate is 1，000 times faster than normal because of reasons like pollution and habitat destruction.If the sixth happens，up to three quarters of species may die out，threatening humans too.However，it's not too late to avoid it by changing our lifestyle，protecting endangered species，using cleaner energy and improving farming methods.The Black Robin is an example of a species saved by human efforts. 释疑难 语篇助解 　 返回 ①wipe out彻底毁灭 ②unusual/ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/adj.异常的；不平常的 [反义]usual adj.惯常的，通常的 原文呈现 名师圈点 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out①，are not unusual② in our Earth's history.In fact，over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. ③varied/ˈveərid/adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 ④volcanic eruption 火山喷发 ⑤asteroid/ˈæstərɔɪd/n.小行星 ⑥decrease/dɪˈkriːs/n.减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少 ⑦be to blame(对某事)负有 责任 blame /bleɪm/vt.责怪，指责 原文呈现 名师圈点 These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”，which killed 90％ to 96％ of all species.[1]And the fifth event，which occurred 66 million years ago，caused the death of the dinosaurs.The reasons for extinctions are varied③.According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions④，asteroids⑤ hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease⑥ of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction.This time，human activity will be to blame⑦. [1]known as the “Great Dying”为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，与which引导的非限制性定语从句共同修饰the third mass extinction。 ⑧rate n.速度；比率 at...rate 以……的速度 ⑨cause for concern担忧的原因 ⑩based adj.在……居住(或工作) look at思考，考虑，研究 原文呈现 名师圈点 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate⑧at which this is now happening [2] is cause for concern⑨.A 2015 study by scientists who were based⑩ at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked a how quickly species die out due to natural causes，that is，the“background extinction rate”.They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. [2]at which this is now happening为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the rate。介词at的选用是考虑到与 rate 搭配。 factory farming 工厂化养殖 overfishing n.过度捕捞 [构词法]over-可用作前缀，表示“太，过于”。 overproduction n.生产过剩 overconfident adj.过分自信的，自负的 affect/əˈfekt/vt.影响 [辨析]effect n.效应，影响 原文呈现 名师圈点 There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out：[3]air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farminand overfishin.It is clear that human activity has negatively affecte all other species on Earth，including animals and plants. [3]why so many species are dying out为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作 状语。 survival n.生存，存活 survive vi.生存，存活 be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 原文呈现 名师圈点 If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.[4] Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our surviva，we would also be at ris of dying out.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. [4]If 引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；that 引导宾语从句。 原文呈现 Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.[5] [5]该句为含蓄条件句。 介词短语 Without forests和without clean water 相当于条件，we would have no air to breathe和we would be unable to survive表示与现在事实相反的假设。 avoid (doing) sth 避免(做) 某事 take action 采取行动 [近义] take steps/measures 采取措施 endangered/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/adj.濒危的 solar/ˈsəʊlə/ adj.太阳光 (能)的 solar energy/power太阳能 in short总之，简言之 [同义] in a word/in brief 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　Can a sixth extinction be avoide？ Experts say that it is not yet too late，if we take actionow.This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live.For example，we need to take steps to save endangere species，including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected.We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner，more natural sources of energy，such as wind and solaenergy.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution.In shor，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. lay eggs下蛋，产卵 begin a programme 开始一项计划 raise 熟词生义 vt.饲养， 培育 hatch/hætʃ/vi.& vt.(使) 孵化 原文呈现 名师圈点 Case Study The Black Robin Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction.In 1980，there were only five black robins left in the world.They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand.Only one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay egg.Wildlife workers began a programmfor raisin black robin chicks.They protected Old Blue's eggs，helped them to hatc，and took care of the chicks. restore/rɪˈstɔː/vt.(使) 恢复 habitat/ˈhæbɪtæt/n.(动植物的)生活环境，栖 息地 natural habitat 天然栖息地 wildlife habitat 野生动植物栖息地 原文呈现 名师圈点 Thanks to their efforts，there are now more than 250 black robins，and the population is spreading.To help them survive，people are restorin their habitat and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. 第六次物种灭绝 物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90％以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，在那期间90％至96％的物种灭亡了。6 600万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这次，人类活动是主要原因。 译文参考 　　虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝发生的速度让人担忧。2015年美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种因自然原因灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。导致这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化养殖和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上的所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次大灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多物种，所以我们也会有灭绝的危险。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法 生存。 　　第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变生活方式。例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变我们的工作和出行方式，例如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简言之，我们如果想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的地球并开始保护它。 案例研究 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝危机中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年，世界上只剩下五只黑知更鸟。它们都栖息在新西兰海岸附近的一个小岛上，其中只有一只名叫“老蓝”的雌鸟能够产卵。野生动物工作者开始了一项黑知更鸟繁育计划。他们保护“老蓝”的蛋，帮助它们孵化，并照顾幼鸟。多亏他们的努力，现在黑知更鸟已超过250只，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并迁移捕杀它们的小动物，例如它们生存的岛上的老鼠和猫。 返回 固根基 语基自查　 返回 1.the largest asteroid 　　　　　 最大的________ 2.hatch after ten days 10天后______ 阅读单词——识记 小行星 孵化 1.endangered _________ 濒危物种 2.______ your feet 擦你的脚 3._______ the child 责怪那个孩子 4. ________ my decision 影响我的决定 5. _______ radiation 太阳辐射 6. _________ his sight 恢复他的视力 7._________ weather 异常天气 8.______ production 大量生产 9.__________ the cost 减少成本 核心单词——练通 species wipe blame affect solar restore unusual mass decrease 1.________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary vi.不同 vt. & vi.改变→various adj.多种多样的→variety n.种类 2.____________ adj.濒危的→endanger vt.使遭危险，危害→danger n.危险 3._________ vt.(使)恢复→restoration n.恢复 拓展单词——用活 varied endangered restore 规律方法 1.规律：名词前＋en-变成动词 danger n.危险＋en-→endanger vt.使危险，危害 示例：enlarge vt.扩大 enrich vt.丰富 ensure vt.确保，保证 encourage vt.鼓励 2.规律：去e＋-ation 变成名词restore vt.(使)恢复(去e)＋-ation→restoration n.恢复 示例：declaration n.宣布 starvation n.挨饿，饿死 第一组　汉译英 1.消失；绝迹，灭绝 _________ 2.彻底毁灭 __________ 3.(对某事)负有责任 _____________ 4.处境危险，受到威胁 _____________ 5.削减，减少 __________ 6.因为，由于 ________ 重点短语——再现 die out wipe out be to blame be at risk cut down due to 第二组　英译汉 7.up to　 ______ 8.take action/steps　 ________________ 9.in short　 ________ 10.in danger　 __________ 11.thanks to ______________ 多达 采取行动/措施 简言之 在危险中 幸亏，多亏了 1.句型公式　倍数表示法 教材原句　They found that human activity is causing species to die out ____________________________(比正常情况快1 000倍). 2.句型公式　It is clear that...显然…… 教材原句　______________ (显然)human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants. 3.句型公式　含蓄条件句 教材原句　Without forests，we _________________________(将没有空气呼吸)，and without clean water we __________________________(将不能存活下去). 返回 典型句式——默背 1，000 times faster than normal It is clear that would have no air to breathe would be unable to survive 提能力 语基讲练　 返回 varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 (教材原句)The reasons for extinctions are varied.物种灭绝的原因是多种多样的。 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 归 纳 (1)vary v.　　 改变；变化；不同，相异 vary from...to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动vary in...　 在……方面不同，有差异 vary with　 随……而变化 (2)variety n.　 变化；多样性；种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3)various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we know，the styles of clothes vary ______ the fashion trend. ②We may have _________ (vary) ways to deal with such a situation. ③The library provides its readers a large ________ (vary) of books. ④It's crucial that your daily activities are ________ (vary) and meaningful. ⑤远远望去，大小和形状各不相同的房子，在落日余晖的映衬下显得更加美丽。 From a distance，the houses _________________________ are more beautiful in the sunset.(读后续写之环境描写) with various variety varied which vary in sizes and shapes ⑥看到各种各样的装饰品，汤姆看着妈妈，自言自语道：“我到底该买哪件呢？” ____________________________，Tom watched his mum and said to himself，“Which one should I buy？”(读后续写之动作描写) Seeing varieties of decorations decrease n.减少；减少的量vi.& vt.减少 (教材原句)According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 2 归 纳 (1)decrease by　　　 减少了 decrease (from...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in　 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease　 在下降；在减少 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①The price of wheat has decreased ____ 15％. ②There has been a gradual decrease ____ the amount of pollution in the river. ③In this company，the number of employees who are absent from work without permission is ____ the decrease. ④望着桌子上的账单，妈妈长舒一口气地说道：“本月我们的电费终于从800减少到了600。” Looking at the bill on the table，my mother said with a long sigh of relief，“This month our electricity bill finally ________________________.” by in on decreases from 800 to 600 blame vt.责怪，指责 (教材原句)This time，human activity will be to blame.这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 3 (1)blame sb for(doing)sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth on sb　 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame　 把……归咎于 (2)blame n. (坏事或错事的)责任，责备，指责 lay/put the blame on 把……归咎于…… 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①Many students find it difficult to master English grammar，and put the blame ____ the complexity of the rules. ②Every time there is a traffic jam，people always blame this ____ the increasing number of cars. ③Ms Smith stepped forward in defense of the young employee，stating that he was not the one __________ (blame). on on to blame ④他愤怒地冲出房间，大声地喊道：“为什么你总是把所有的错误都归咎于我呢？” He stormed out of the room and shouted loudly，“Why do you always ________________________？” 温馨提示　be to blame不能用于被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动 含义。 blame me for all mistakes affect vt.影响 (教材原句)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.显然，人类活动已经对地球上的所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 4 (1)affect vt. 侵袭，使感染 be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with　 感染……疾病 (2)effect n.　 作用；影响 have an effect on...　 对……产生影响 (3)affection n.　 影响；喜爱 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之情感描写 ①Their father never showed them much __________ (affect).In fact，he loved them from the bottom of his heart. ②Affected ______ a high fever，he continued with his work. ③Recall the songs，paintings，mentors，and companions that have an effect ____ you most profoundly. ④被他善意的行为所感动，我拿起书包，满含眼泪地离开了救助站。 ___________________________，I picked up my bag and left the rescue station with tears. affection with on Affected by his kind behavior endangered adj.濒危的 (教材原句)For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species... 例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种…… 5 归 纳 (1)endanger v.　 使遭受危险；危及；危害 (2)danger n.　 危险；危险的人/物 in danger　 在危险中 out of danger　 脱离危险 a danger to　 对……有危险；对……是有危险的人/物 in danger of　 处于……危险之中 (3)dangerous adj.　 危险的 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作、心理描写 ①Jensen is a ___________ (danger) man，and can be very brutal and reckless. ②This nature reserve is established to protect the habitats where ____________ (danger) insects live. ③If she keeps on over-working like this，she's ____ danger of getting seriously ill. ④Levels of waste from the factory may be a danger ____ public health. ⑤因为我担心我的其他同事会有危险，所以我又回到了大楼里。 As I was afraid that _______________________________，I went back inside the building again. dangerous endangered in to my other workmates were in danger be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 (教材原句)Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多物种，所以我们也会有灭绝的危险。 6 归 纳 (1)risk vt.　　　 冒……的危险 n.　 冒险；危险；风险 risk doing sth　 冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth　 冒着生命危险做某事 at the risk of (doing) sth 冒着(做)某事的风险t ake/run the risk (of doing sth) 冒险(做某事) put...at risk　 让……处于危险之中 (2)risky adj.　 有危险的，有风险的 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作、心理描写 ①I can't be late for the meeting because I won't risk ________ (lose) this important business opportunity. ②After hours of persuasion，they agreed to abandon the _______ (risk) plan. ③It's exciting to try extreme sports，but if you're not careful，you could put your health ____ risk. ④看到那个冒着失去生命的危险救了溺水男孩命的士兵，我走到他跟前，兴奋地说：“你太棒了！” When seeing the soldier who saved the drowning boy's life ________________ _____________，I walked to him and said excitedly，“You are great！” losing risky at at the risk of losing his own life 温馨提示　risk用作及物动词，接名词、代词、动词-ing形式(不接动词不定式)作宾语。 1.一词多义——mass A.adj.大量的　 B.n.团，堆　 C.n.一群　 D.v. 聚集①Dark clouds massed on the horizon. ______ ②Mass unemployment has been solved. ______ ③I struggled through the mass of people to the exit. ______ ④The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance. ______ 2.熟词生义 ①Have you been hatching up a deal with her？ _______________ ②The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner. _______________________ 认知深化 D A C B vt.策划，密谋 vt.归还(失物、赃款等) 句型公式：含蓄条件句 (教材原句)Without forests，we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.如果没有森林，我们将没有空气呼吸，没有干净的水，我们将不能存活下去。 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 归 纳 虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄虚拟条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下： (1)含蓄虚拟条件的常见表现方式 (2)主句谓语的形式 归 纳 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作心理描写 ①Without sufficient experience，there __________ (be) no smooth progress in this complex project. ②The team members were not well-coordinated，otherwise they ___________ ______ (win) the game with greater ease. ③I ____________________ (attend) the concert last weekend，but I had to deal with an unexpected problem. ④我沉默了一会，然后鼓足勇气说道：“谢谢老师，我知道没有您的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的成就。” I was silent for a while，and then collected the courage to say，“Thank you，teacher.I know that _________________，I _______________________ such great achievements.” 返回 would be would have won would have attended without your help could not have achieved 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1.Their latest product is aimed at the ______ (大量的) market. 2.This region is the home of many _________(物种) of wild flowers. 3.The number of new students ___________ (减少) from 210 to 160 this year. 4.Large home buildings should have _______ (太阳能的) collectors in their designs. 语境基础练 mass species decreased solar 5.The measures are intended to ________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy. 6.She is popular with her students as her teaching methods are ________ (不平常的). 7.As we all know，chicks are h_______ from the eggs. 8.Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it may a______ people's private lives. restore unusual atched ffect 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共7分) 1.The ancient temple was almost wiped _____ by the earthquake last year. 2.The bookstore offers _______ (vary) of books on different subjects to satisfy various readers. 3.Some traditional handicrafts are on the verge of dying _____ due to the lack of inheritors. 4.Long-term stress can seriously ________ (effect) a person's mental health. 5.She risked ________(lose) her job to expose the illegal behavior of the company. 6.We should take immediate action to protect the ___________ (endanger) wild plants in this area. 7.If you keep smoking heavily，you will be ____ risk of getting lung cancer. out varieties out affect losing endangered at 维度三　完成句子(每小题5分，共15分) 1.没有你的指导，我不可能取得这么大的进步。(含蓄条件句) ______________________，I ___________________ such great progress. 2.很显然吸烟对健康有害。(It is obvious that) _______________ smoking does harm to our health. 3.正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的两倍高。(as...as...) The teaching building being built now is _______________ that one. Without your guidance couldn't have made It is obvious that twice as high as 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 　　阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.Of these events，the third mass extinction，which is also known 1.____ the “Great Dying”，2.________(kill)90％ to 96％ of all species.And the fifth event，3._______ occurred 66 million years ago，caused the death of the dinosaurs.All these events took place due to 4._______________(vary)reasons.It is estimated that the sixth mass extinction is just coming round.And this time it is we human beings that should be 5.__________(blame). as killed which varied/various to blame According to a study by scientists，species are dying out much 6.________(fast) than normal nowadays due to human activity.If the sixth mass 7.____________(extinct) took place，up to three quarters of all species would die out，including human beings.In order to avoid such disasters from taking place，we should take immediate 8._______(step)to protect our environment.We can make 9.___ difference by changing our lifestyles in our daily life.Only by 10._________(work)together can we save our environment in the end. faster extinction steps a working Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2025·广东梅州高二上期末) 　　For years，twice a day Aadya Joshi walked past a dump filled with smelly rubbish in her neighborhood of south Mumbai on her way to and from school.Originally it was the garden of the local police station.When she was 15，during her summer holidays，Joshi decided to do something about it.“I walked into the police station and was like，‘Can I please clean your garden？’” recalls Joshi.“It took three or four weeks to eventually convince them that I was not going to give up halfway and leave them with more work.” 素能提升练 The plot of land covers an area of 60 square meters，about a quarter of a tennis court.But，over the course of four Sundays in the summer，with help of local residents，Joshi did more than clear it.She replanted it with native Indian plants and trees.Joshi said，“The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.” The idea for native planting came from Joshi's reading on the Miyawaki method of afforestation (植树造林) and the work of University of Delaware ecologist Douglas Tallamy.These both argue that planting the right trees can have a significant impact on restoring insect and animal biodiversity.The results in Mumbai were immediate： monkeys now hang out at the police station，and butterflies and birds have made the garden their home. After creating the garden，Joshi developed a database of 2，000 plants unique to the Indian subcontinent (次大陆) and last year was awarded the annual Children's Climate prize，founded by Swedish energy company Telge Energi.Her advice for others looking to follow in her footsteps： “If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning，you will be stuck and lose motivation，” she says.“But something small，like your neighborhood police station，it's very manageable.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿迪亚·乔希为改善环境所作的努力。 1.What was the dump before？ A.It was the garden of south Mumbai. B.It was the garden of the local school. C.It was the garden of the local police station. D.It was the research center of University of Delaware. 细节理解题。由第一段中“For years，twice a day Aadya Joshi walked past a dump filled with smelly...police station.”可知，垃圾场之前是当地警察局的花园。故选C项。 √ 2.What can we learn from Joshi's words in the second paragraph？ A.The garden was too large to clean. B.The cleaning was hard and dangerous. C.Joshi was sick of the cleaning work. D.The work was enjoyable and rewarding. 推理判断题。由第二段中“Joshi said，‘The first day that we cleaned up...for two weeks.’”可知，Joshi提到在清理时没有戴手套导致生病两周的经历，由此可推知，清洁工作是困难且有一定危险的。故选B项。 √ 3.What can we learn from Joshi's advice in the last paragraph？ A.All roads lead to Rome. B.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. C.Time and tide wait for no man. D.The longest journey starts from the first step. 推理判断题。由最后一段“‘If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning，you will...very manageable.’”可知，Joshi认为改善环境要从小事做起。所以“The longest journey starts from the first step.(千里之行始于足下。)”最能概括Joshi的建议。故选D项。 √ 4.What is the purpose of the text？ A.To demonstrate the environment problems. B.To call on attention to India's young people. C.To persuade readers to donate to an environment program. D.To advocate a teenager's efforts in caring about the world. 写作目的题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了Aadya Joshi为改善环境所作的努力，由此可推知，本篇文章的目的是倡导青少年要努力关心世界。故选D项。 √ B (2025·安徽合肥高二上期末) 　　Brazilian artist and activist Mundano recently painted a large picture on a building in Sao Paulo using materials from natural disasters to encourage people to be more concerned about climate change，which has been causing terrible weather events across Brazil. The artwork is impressive，stretching over 30 meters high and 48 meters wide.Mundano used ashes (灰烬) from wildfires and mud (泥浆) from floods to create it.The painting shows the gray remains of trees on a broken，brown land，symbolizing the destruction of forests and the severe drought in the Amazon rainforest. In recent months，human-caused wildfires have severely damaged protected areas in the Amazon，including parts of the Cerrado grassland and the Pantanal，the world's largest tropical wetland.Additionally，the dry season in Brazil's Amazon this year has been worse than usual，leading to disastrous floods earlier in the year that killed over 180 people，affected over 2 million，and destroyed city communities. Mundano，who refers to himself as an “artivist，” added mud from one of these floods to his new wall painting.The materials were gleaned by the activist group Movement of People Affected by Dams at the disaster scenes.He also used ashes from fires in the Atlantic Forest，the Pantanal，and the Cerrado，as well as earth from waste containers in Sao Paulo and from the Sawre Muybu Indigenous land in the Amazon. Three years ago，Mundano created a similar wall painting in Sao Paulo using ashes from the Amazon.That piece featured a firefighter standing in a deforested area，along with a cow farm and trucks loaded with cut trees，further highlighting the issue of climate change and its impact on the environment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了巴西艺术家和活动家Mundano最近用来自野火的灰烬和来自洪水的泥浆在圣保罗的一座建筑上画了一幅画来展示气候变化问题。 5.Why did Mundano create the painting？ A.To show his excellent painting skills. B.To beautify the building in Sao Paulo. C.To raise awareness about climate change. D.To record the natural disasters in Brazil. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Brazilian artist and activist Mundano recently painted a large picture on a building in Sao Paulo...events across Brazil.”可推知，Mundano的目的是提升人们对气候变化的关注。故选C。 √ 6.What makes Mundano's wall painting special？ A.Its costs. B.Its materials. C.Its color. D.Its subject. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mundano used ashes (灰烬) from wildfires and mud (泥浆) from floods to create it.”可知，这幅画的特殊之处在于它使用的材料。故选B。 √ 7.What does the underlined word “gleaned” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A.Collected. B.Recycled. C.Measured. D.Recommended. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Mundano，who refers to himself as an ‘artivist’，added mud from one of these floods to his new wall painting.”可知，Mundano使用了来自洪水的泥浆作颜料；根据下文“He also used ashes from fires”可知，他也使用了来自火灾的灰烬。由此可推知，该句表示这些材料是由Movement of People Affected by Dams活动小组在灾难现场收集的。gleaned意为“收集”，与collect意思相近。故选A。 √ 8.What does the text say about the current situation of Amazon？ A.It is witnessing great growth in its plant diversity. B.It is receiving global recognition for its attractive landscape. C.It is facing severe environmental challenges from human activities. D.It is recovering from previous damage caused by natural disasters. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In recent months，human-caused wildfires have severely damaged protected...tropical wetland.”可知，亚马逊正面临由人类活动造成的环境挑战。故选C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2025·广西柳城中学期中) Plant a tree！ What's causing global warming？ Is it man-made？ Or are temperatures simply changing naturally？ Whatever the case，we can at least try to slow things down.But how？ The Wilderness Project has an idea.　1　.If the earth has more trees，greenhouse gases will be reduced，and this will help stop global warming.　2　，and improve air quality. 　3　.In Belgium，the Organization for Forests worked with farmers to help them plant more trees.In Spain，the Canopy Project plants one tree for every Spaniard (西班牙人) in order to improve the environment.In Germany，a teenager named Felix Finkbine has been leading a global movement to plant more trees.　4　. Now，lots of people all over the world have already been planting more trees.In fact，if everyone plants one tree，just one，it will do great good to our environment. So，what can you do to help？ 　5　，although you need to get advice on how to look after it.Or you can join a tree planting project such as the ones mentioned above to help save the earth. So，go on，plant a tree...and save the earth！ A.Maybe you can buy a young tree to grow B.They suggest that we should plant more trees C.Another question is how quickly the sea level will rise D.Many countries are calling on people to plant more trees E.What's more，they improve human health by producing oxygen (氧气) F.He was nine when he came up with the idea of planting trees around the world G.Farmers don't want to go and help them plant more trees 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了随着人们对环境的担忧日益增加，人们开始以各种方式来种植更多的树木。 What's causing global warming？ Is it man-made？ Or are temperatures simply changing naturally？ Whatever the case，we can at least try to slow things down.But how？ The Wilderness Project has an idea.　 　. .If the earth has more trees，greenhouse gases will be reduced， 根据空前内容“The Wilderness Project has an idea.”可知，上文指出“The Wilderness Project”有一个提议。而根据下文“If the earth has more trees，greenhouse gases will be reduced，and this will help stop global warming.”可知，空处和更多的树木相关。选项B“他们建议我们应该种更多的树”符合语境，指的是该项目的具体内容。故选B项。 B.They suggest that we should plant more trees 根据空后的“and improve air quality”可知，空处指的是种植更多的树所带来的好处。选项E是上文“If the earth has more trees，greenhouse gases will be reduced，and this will help stop global warming.”的延续，同时与下文内容一致。故选E项。 and this will help stop global warming.　 . 　 ，and improve air quality. E.What's more，they improve human health by producing oxygen (氧气) 　 　.In Belgium，the Organization for Forests worked with farmers to help them plant more trees.In Spain，the Canopy Project plants one tree for every Spaniard (西班牙人) in order to improve the environment. 根据下文“In Belgium，the Organization for Forests...has been leading a global movement to plant more trees.”可知，本段主要讲述的是各个国家关于植树所做出的努力。选项D“许多国家呼吁人们种更多的树”与下文内容一致。故选D项。 D.Many countries are calling on people to plant more trees In Germany，a teenager named Felix Finkbine has been leading a global movement to plant more trees.　 .____________________________ 　. F.He was nine when he came up with the idea of planting trees around the world 根据空前内容“In Germany，a teenager named Felix Finkbine has been leading a global movement to plant more trees.”可知，上文讲述的是一个德国的青少年一直在领导一场全球植树运动。选项F“他九岁时就有了环游世界种树的想法”延续上文内容。故选F项。 Now，lots of people all over the world have already been planting more trees.In fact，if everyone plants one tree，just one，it will do great good to our environment. So，what can you do to help？ 　 . 　，although you need to get advice on how to look after it.Or you can join a tree planting project such as the ones mentioned above to help save the earth. So，go on，plant a tree...and save the earth！ 根据空前内容“So，what can you do to help？”可知，上文问的是作为个人，我们应该怎么做。选项A既回答了上文的问题，同时也与下文“although you need to get advice on how to look after it”在内容上保持一致。故选A项。 A.Maybe you can buy a young tree togrow Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2025·广东广州高二期中) More than 11，000 scientists from 153 countries have sounded the alarm on climate change.In a paper 1.__________ (publish) last week in the journal BioScience，they signed a declaration (声明) stating clearly that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency，saying that if no changes 2.__________(make)，the world will face untold suffering.The evidence that the scientists collected reveals an undeniable truth 3.______ human activities have been causing global warming from the fast rise of fossil fuel consumption 4._____ the increase in greenhouse gas emissions (排放) over the past 40 years. published are made that to The scientists also gave some instructions to fight against global warming，5.__________ (propose) six actions to prevent further disasters：stabilizing population 6.__________(grow) by investing into family-planning services and girls' education，replacing fossil fuels，cutting the emissions of climate pollutants，eating less meat，restoring and protecting ecosystems，and building 7._____ carbon-free economy. The scientists say the climate crisis is 8.________(close) related to human activities，so they call on people 9.__________(change) their lifestyles.But these measures are comparatively abstract.10.__________，it is high time for policymakers to figure out more practical measures that can bring down carbon emissions. proposing growth a closely to change Therefore 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多名科学家对气候变化发出了警告，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，并解释了原因。 1.答案：published 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，signed为主句谓语，故空处作非谓语，paper和publish之间是被动关系，故使用动词-ed形式published作后置定语。故填published。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，if引导条件状语从句，主句使用一般将来时，故条件状语从句使用一般现在时，且主语changes和make之间是被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态。又因changes为复数形式，故填are made。 2.答案：are made 3.答案：that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明truth，且同位语从句中不缺少成分和含义。故填that。 考查固定搭配。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为gave，故空处作非谓语，且主语scientists和propose之间是主动关系，故使用动词-ing形式作状语。故填proposing。 4.答案：to 5.答案：proposing 6.答案：growth 考查词性转换。根据population可知，此处指的是人口增长，应使用名词形式。故填growth。 考查冠词。此处泛指一种无碳经济，且carbon-free发音是以辅音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词related，要用副词作状语。故填closely。 7.答案：a 8.答案：closely 9.答案：to change 考查非谓语动词。call on sb to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”。故填to change。 考查副词。根据上文“But these measures are comparatively abstract.”和空后的“it is high time for policymakers to figure out more practical measures that can bring down carbon emissions”可知，二者之间是因果关系，故用副词therefore，且位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Therefore。 10.答案：Therefore 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION 返回 $