UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（译林版）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage

过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态

分析下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法功能。

1．Six weeks ago，my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity，and encouraged me to take part.

2．I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before.

3．I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.

4．By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.

5．When my breathing returned to normal，I reflected on what had just been achieved.

[我的发现]

(1)句1和句2使用过去进行时的被动语态。表示过去正在进行的被动动作。

(2)句3、句4和句5使用过去完成时的被动语态。表示“过去的过去”的被动动作。

一、过去进行时的被动语态

表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动的动作。

(一)过去进行时的被动语态的基本构成：

1．过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were＋being＋done。

The trees were being planted from Monday to Friday last week by us.

这些树是我们上周从星期一到星期五种的。

Computer was being majored by him during his college.

他那时正在大学学计算机专业。

2．过去进行时的被动语态的否定式为：was/were＋not＋being＋done。

The movie star wasn't being followed by a fan.

那个电影明星没有被影迷跟随。

3．过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。

Were the songs being sung these days?

这些天有人唱这些歌吗？

4．过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋was/were＋(主语)＋being＋done。

What was being done to the machine?

对这台机器要采取什么措施？

(二)过去进行时的被动语态的基本用法：

1．过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。

At this time last year this writing building was being built here.

去年此时这座写字楼正在建造中。

2．过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用。

The watch was being repaired twice.(×)

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The watch has/ had been repaired twice.(√)

The house over there was being built for two months.(×)

The house over there has/ had been built for two months.(√)

3．少数及物动词的过去进行时的被动语态表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。

I heard some rock music was being played by them the next week.

我听说下周将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。

二、过去完成时的被动语态

过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到过去某个时间为止，强调对过去产生的影响和结果。过去完成时的被动语态构成：had＋been＋动词的过去分词。

(一)过去完成时的被动语态的用法

1．过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。

Johnson risked his life saving his daughter who had been trapped in the mountain for two days.

Johnson冒着生命危险挽救了他被困在山里两天的女儿。

2．过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，并且有可能持续到说话时。可与for＋时间段或since＋时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。

The machine had been repaired for two hours when I got there.

当我到那儿时，这台机器已被修了两小时了。

3．过去完成时的被动语态经常用于虚拟语气中。

The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.

浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。

(二)过去完成时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别

过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到过去某个时间为止，

强调对过去产生的影响和结果。而现在完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去，强调对现在产生的影响和结果。主要把握住针对的时间是现在还是过去。

Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.

尽管经过了前几轮会谈，但双方迄今尚未达成任何协议。

After a whole afternoon's heated discussion，they finally declared to us what had been decided.

经过一下午的热烈讨论，他们终于向我们宣布了决定。

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limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt.限制，限定；限量，减量

(教材原句)I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before.

尽管我的极限受到了前所未有的考验，我还是轻松自信地参加了比赛。

(1)limit...to...　　　 把……限制到……

be limited to     受限于……

(2)set a limit to sth.     对……限定范围

within limits     在某种程度上；有一定限制

beyond the limit     超过限度

speed limit     速度限制