UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 单元知识回顾-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“Science and Scientists”单元，系统涵盖核心词汇、短语、句式及语篇运用，通过“回眸关键 巩固语基”导入，以核心单词分类、拓展词汇派生、词语运用变形、典型句式仿写为支架，构建从基础巩固到语境应用的知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语境化与结构化学习，“核心考点语境串记”用疫情主题语篇整合词汇语法，提升语言能力；阅读题解析引导逻辑分析，培养思维品质；单元检测卷含听力、阅读、写作等综合训练，助力学习能力提升。实例丰富如句式仿写、语境填空，学生可高效掌握知识，教师可直接用于教学，提升备课效率。

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术；对社会有突出贡献的人物 单元知识回顾 内容索引 回眸关键　巩固语基 1 核心考点　语境串记 2 单元检测卷 3 回眸关键　巩固语基 返回 核心单词 1．_______ adj.　　　 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．_________ vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 3．________ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 4．__________ n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 5．_______ vt.&vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 6．______ n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 7．____ n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 severe　 subscribe　 multiple　 household suspect　 handle　 link　 8．_____ adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 9．___________ adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 10．____ vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 11．_______ n. 阴影；影子；背光处 12．________ n. 彩虹 13．________ n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 14．___________ adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 15．________ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 16．___________ adv. 此外；再者 raw　 substantial cast　 shadow　 rainbow　 concrete outstanding　 brilliant　 furthermore 语境运用 1．People have been p_______ into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 2．On top of the hill stands a church，whose style can be t______ to the ages of the Roman Empire. 3．Under the l_________ of the excellent employer，we have achieved our ambition. 4．Over the past decades，sea ice has been on the d_______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. 5．B______，being an outgoing student，I can get along well with others. ouring　 raced　 eadership　 ecrease　 esides 6．It is not your ______ (过错)，so you needn't make an apology to Jim. 7．You should ______ (转移) your focus，because paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous. 8．________(责备) by his teacher，the boy changed his attitude and concentrated on his studies. 9．This experience laid a ______ (坚实的)foundation for her to face other challenges in the future.(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写) fault　 shift　 Blamed　 solid 拓展单词 1．____________ n．介入；出面；干涉 →_________ vi.介入；出面；插嘴 2．_____ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 →_______ vt.净化 3．_________ vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 →______________ n．变化；转变；变换 4．________ n．思想；思维；见解 →_____ vt.&vi.思考，考虑 intervention intervene　 pure purify　 transform transformation　 thinking think　 5．________ n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 →_____ vt.发现 6．_______ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 →________ adv.最初地 7．______ vt.保卫；防守；辩解 →_______ n．防御；保卫；保护 8．_____ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 →_______ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 finding find initial initially　 defend defence　 vivid vividly 语境运用 1．Much to my ___________，I failed in the exam again.__________ and helpless，I felt I was close to tears.(frustrate) 2．Unluckily，he was ________ with a severe disease.The _________ made him physically weak.(infect) 3．Their daughter has a _____ for language while their son is a ______ pianist.(gift) frustration Frustrated　 infected infection　 gift gifted 4．Using so much ______，he has _______ himself to be an honest person so far.(prove) 5．The gentle _________ is always _________ those in trouble，so he readily comes to people's __________ whenever they come across difficulties.(assist) 6．Because of some ______ policies，the company's exports have been increasing ________．(steady) proof proved　 assistant assisting assistance steady steadily 重点短语 1．________________ 把……与……联系起来 2．________________ 最终地；彻底地 3．____________ 同意；赞同 4．__________ 幸亏；由于 5．____________ (对某事)负有责任 6．________________ 追溯到 7．__________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 link ...to/with ...　 once and for all　 subscribe to　 thanks to be to blame　 be traced back to　 break out　 8．____________ 主管；掌管 9．________________ 患(病)；染上(小病) 10．__________ 最重要的是；尤其是 11．_____________________ 在某人的领导下 12．__________________ 对……有影响 in charge of　 come down with　 above all under one's leadership　 have an impact on 语境运用 选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空 1．We are looking for someone who is responsible and hard-working to be ____________ the project. 2．She ____________ the theory that exercise can improve mental health. 3．__________，as an outgoing boy and an English lover，I'm sure we'll find much in common. 4．Bill and Tom asked the teacher to settle the argument _______________． 5．__________ modern science and technology，people lead a more comfortable and richer life. in charge of　 subscribes to　 Above all　 once and for all Thanks to 典型句式 1．句型公式：not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……” 教材原句：He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 2．句型公式：so...that...如此……以至于…… 教材原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 3．句型公式：have sth done意为“让某事被做” 教材原句：Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 4．句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 佳句仿写 1．练中国功夫不但能增强体力，还能培养一个人的品质。 Practicing Chinese kung fu can ______________________________________ _______________________． 2．网上有如此多有用的资源，以至于最近它已经成为一种重要的学习方式。 There are _________________________________ it has become an important way to study recently. not only build up one's strength，but also develop one's character so many useful resources online that 3．就像你说的，你想让我们两个人随机配对。 As you said，you intend to _________________ randomly in pairs. 4．就我个人而言，没有什么比勤奋更重要的了。 As far as I'm concerned，_____________________________________． 返回 have us matched nothing is more important than hard work 核心考点　语境串记 返回 　　Since the severe pandemic broke out，many people all over the world 1._________________ (infect).Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from 2._____________ (kill).They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.3._________ (initial)，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were 4._________ (blame).But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the virus' framework，5.______ gradually transformed their initial thinking.All the findings made them subscribe 6.___ the idea that the virus was not directly have been infected　 being killed　 Initially to blame　 which　 to　 返回 linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast 7.___ shadow on the experts，so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people. Above all，the less we go out，the 8.__________ (likely) we will come down with the deadly disease. Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well. Last but not least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors. Thanks to these 9._____________ (intervention)，the threat of this pandemic in China saw a substantial decrease. What we have experienced has taught us 10._______ (lead) a healthy life such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoid raw foods.In conclusion，under our motherland's leadership，we have achieved steady success. a　 less likely　 interventions to lead 单元检测卷 返回 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What's wrong with Mark? A．He got a backache. B．He got a toothache. C．He got a headache. √ √ 2．What will the speakers do? A．Buy some tents. B．Put up the tents. C．Take down the tents. 3．What is the man going to do? A．Fetch his luggage. B．Visit his friends. C．Pick up the woman. √ √ 4．What will the woman do this afternoon? A．Go to a concert with the man. B．Take care of her parents. C．Wait for the washing machine to be repaired. 5．How much did the car cost? A．$50，000.　 B．$30，000.　　C．$100，000. √ √ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the man's favorite meat? A．Pork. B．Chicken. 　C．Beef. 7．What do we know about the woman? A．She always seems energetic. B．She likes eating vegetables. C．She's an athlete. √ √ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman congratulate the man? A．He beat his father. B．He got his tenth win. C．He got a new partner. 9．Who convinced the man to take up car racing? A．His cousin. 　 B．His father. C．His friend. √ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the woman do? A．An editor. 　B．A writer. C．A secretary. 11．How does the man find publishing? A．Interesting. B．Rewarding. C．Boring. 12．What can we know about the woman's company? A．It provides a much higher salary. B．It provides many promotion opportunities. C．It provides a relaxing working atmosphere. √ √ √ √ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What might the woman be doing now? A．Taking a driving test. B．Paying the traffic fine. C．Learning the traffic rules. 14．What is the speed limit in the housing area? A．5 km per hour. B．10 km per hour.　　 C．15 km per hour. √ √ 15．Where does the man ask the woman to park the car? A．At the garage. B．Beside the sidewalk. C．At the parking lot. 16．What does the man think of the woman's driving at last? A．Unskilled. 　　 B．Dangerous. C．Experienced. √ √ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Why did the guy go to the gym almost every week? A．To know more people. B．To make himself stronger. C．To lose weight. 18．How long did the guy spend at the gym in total every week? A．20 minutes. 　 B．40 minutes. C．2 hours. √ √ 19．Which of the following things didn't the guy do at the gym? A．Talk with different people. B．Surf the Internet. C．Read the newspaper. 20．What does the speaker want to tell us? A．Not to waste time on unimportant things. B．To spend more time resting every day. C．Not to complain about extra exercise. √ 听力材料 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (Text 1) M：Hello，can I speak to Mark? W：I'm sorry，he isn't in now.He went to the doctor for his headache. (Text 2) W：How strongly the wind is blowing! It nearly blows me over! M：We must put the tents away because of the strong wind. W：OK.Let's do it right away. (Text 3) M：Excuse me，is it possible to leave my luggage here until 4 this afternoon? I need to see some friends. W：Of course，we'll keep it for you.But you have to fill in a form first. (Text 4) M：Jane，would you like to go to a rock concert with me this afternoon? W：I'd love to，but my parents are not at home right now，and I have to wait for the workman to repair the washing machine. M：Oh，what a pity! (Text 5) W: What a beautiful car you have bought！How much did you pay for it？ 15，000 dollars? M：15，000 dollars？Double that amount！It is the latest model. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) M：Hi，Jill! Is this seat taken? W：No.Have a seat! Wow—that's a lot of meat.You must really like meat. M：Yes，I do.I love to eat pork and chicken，but I especially like beef. W：I don't eat very much meat.I really prefer to eat vegetables.You know，I read an article the other day which said that eating too much meat isn't good for your health. M：Yes，that's generally true，but it's not a problem for me.I need meat because I'm an athlete. W：Ah，right.Then you really must eat more meat to help you stay energetic. M：Right. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：James，the winner of today's car race，is with me now.Congratulations，James! This is now your tenth win! So where did it all begin? I see your father was also racing here today.Did he convince you to take up racing when you were young? M：Er，actually，it was me who persuaded him—he started racing only this year. No，it was my cousin who is to blame.He used to take me along when he went to races—I was five at the time. W：Who is your partner today? M：Tim，who I introduced to racing some time ago—at the moment he is free to help me，though next year he hopes to have a car of his own. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) M：How do you like your job here，Linda? W：It's interesting.I like being an editor. M：Why? W：I like talking to writers.I come across a lot of interesting and outstanding people in the industry. M：I'm happy to hear that，but publishing is more than just talking to writers.It involves a lot of work and responsibility.The work is actually boring. W：I don't feel bored at all.I'm getting along with my colleagues and I'm learning new things almost every day. M：Do you have any complaints? W：No，I have no complaints.I hear there are many opportunities to be moved up in this company.Is that true? M：Yes，you have many opportunities to be promoted in this company as long as you do well. W：That's perfect.I'll try my best. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：Don't be nervous.Just apply what you have learned about the traffic rules to this road test.I'm sure you'll pass it easily. W：All right.Any tips for me? M：Keep your eyes on the road. W：Okay. M：Whoa! Slow down.You're driving too fast.What did I tell you about the speed limit in this housing area? W：15 km per hour.I'm sorry. M：Now you need to turn left at the next corner ...That's right.Good girl! Do always remember to signal when you turn. W：Thanks，Mr.Anderson. M：Now pull over beside the sidewalk and show me how well you park. W：Okay. M：Carefully，carefully turn right here，and ...Wait，wait! You'll hit that mailbox! Turn left a little bit.Okay ... W：Whew，finally! Did I pass，Mr.Anderson? M：Well，I have to say you really need some more practice.Come back again next Friday. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) 　　Let me tell you a funny true story. 　　There once was a guy who went to the gym every week to work out.He would spend 20 minutes changing his clothes.Then he would walk around the gym talking with different people.After that he would read the newspaper. Finally，he would do 5 minutes of exercise.Then he would take a hot bath before going home.During the whole 2 hours he was at the gym.He would spend only 5 minutes exercising！One day someone heard this man complaining，“I don't understand it.I go to the gym almost every week，but I never seem to lose weight.” But everybody at the gym knew why.They saw this guy doing everything at the gym except the main thing：exercise! 　　It's important that we keep the main thing.If we want to succeed，we must get the main thing done instead of wasting our time and energy doing things that aren't important. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·武汉市部分重点中学高二上学期期末) 　　If you're looking for some latest wearable tech to add to your new year's wish list，here are some remarkable options. OWO ORIGINAL EDITION KIT Bringing your gaming world into reality，the OWO skin shirt uses a series of sensory pads to deliver more than 30 different sensations during gameplay. From the force of blowing wind to the impact of a gunshot，the skin's built-in sensors are placed across the chest，arms and belly for a full upper-body experience. The OWO skin is accessed to a range of different games. RINGPAY2 Making countless payments at the till might not get much easier than using the RingPay2.Simply raise the smart ring over the reader，like any contactless credit card，and the deal is complete.One of the many benefits of the RingPay2 is that it doesn't need charging.The app also lets you pause the ring's ability to make payments if it's misplaced. TAPXR Combining motion and visual sensors，the TapXR gives its wearer the ability to communicate with your smart devices in a whole new way.Through hand-tracking technology，the TapXR translates tapping into a command that it passes onto a Bluetooth-paired device to carry out a function.As well as smartphones and computers，the TapXR can be paired with VR headsets as a controller to navigate the virtual world. GOOGLE PIXEL WATCH2 Packed with all the statistical bells and whistles a smartwatch can offer，the Google Pixel Watch2 can help you keep tracks on your body's health and fitness，along with keeping you connected through your smartphone.The Pixel Watch2 also comes with a handy safety feature that will share information such as your location and battery life with a chosen contact after a certain amount of time. If interested，click here to get more details. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些最新的可佩戴技术。 21．What do RINGPAY2 and GOOGLE PIXEL WATCH2 have in common? A．They both need to be charged regularly. B．They both have functions related to security. C．They are both mainly used for entertainment. D．They both rely on Bluetooth connection to work. √ 细节理解题。根据RINGPAY2中“The app also lets you pause the ring's ability to make payments if it's misplaced.”和GOOGLE PIXEL WATCH2中“The Pixel Watch2 also comes with a handy safety feature that will share information such as your location and battery life with a chosen contact after a certain amount of time.”可知，RINGPAY2和GOOGLE PIXEL WATCH2都有与安全相关的功能。故选B。 22．Which wearable offers real-life feeling? A．OWO ORIGINAL EDITION KIT. B．TAPXR. C．GOOGLE PIXEL WATCH2. D．RINGPAY2. 细节理解题。根据OWO ORIGINAL EDITION KIT中“Bringing your gaming world into reality，the OWO skin shirt uses a series of sensory pads to deliver more than 30 different sensations during gameplay.”可知，OWO ORIGINAL EDITION KIT能提供真实的感觉。故选A。 √ 23．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A fashion magazine. B．A science fiction novel. C．A tech product website. D．A sports equipment catalogue. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段“If you're looking for some latest wearable tech to add to your new year's wish list，here are some remarkable options.”和最后一段“If interested，click here to get more details.”可推知，这篇文章可能取自科技产品网站。故选C。 √ B (2025·河南省商丘市高二上学期期末) As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world's food supply，they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault (种子库) into the side of an Arctic mountain. About 20 years ago，Fowler，now the US special envoy for Global Food Security，and Hawtin，an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom，imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed (培育) new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars，climate change or other crises.On Thursday，officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the 2024 World Food Prize for their work and would share a $500，000 award. “To a lot of people today，it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do. It's a valuable natural resource and you want to offer strong protection for it，”Fowler said.“But fifteen years ago，shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into and putting them inside a mountain—that's the craziest idea anybody ever had.” The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples (样本) from nearly every country.The structure was built into the side of a mountain，providing protection for over 6，000 varieties of crops and culturally important plants. 　　Fowler and Hawtin said they hoped winning the World Food Prize would help them raise more money for seed banks around the world.Operating them is not too costly.However，the financial support needs to continue forever.“This is really a chance to get that message out and say，look，this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we're going to be able to feed the world in 50 years，” Hawtin said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了大约20年前，Fowler和Hawtin在北极山脉边上建造了种子库，因此获得了2024年世界粮食奖。 24．Why did Fowler and Hawtin win the 2024 World Food Prize? A．They planted lots of crops. B．They provided food for the hungry. C．They invented varieties of seeds. D．They built a seed vault. 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，Fowler和Hawtin获得2024年世界粮食奖是因为他们建了一个种子库。故选D。 √ 25．What can be learned about Fowler and Hawtin? A．Their seed vault is near the South Pole. B．They protect two million seed samples. C．They each received a $500，000 award. D．Their work has gained wide support. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples (样本) from nearly every country.”可推知，他们的工作得到了广泛的支持。故选D。 √ 26．What does Hawtin want to stress in the last paragraph? A．It is difficult to feed the world. B．It is necessary to save money. C．It is wise to fund seed banks. D．It is expensive to operate seed banks. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘This is really a chance to get that message out and say，look，this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we're going to be able to feed the world in 50 years，’Hawtin said.”可知，Hawtin想要强调的是给种子银行提供资金是明智的。故选C。 √ 27．Which word can best describe Fowler and Hawtin? A．Peace-loving. B．Far-sighted. C．Hard-working. D．Warm-hearted. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“About 20 years ago...were threatened by wars，climate change or other crises.”可知，Fowler和Hawtin是有远见的。故选B。 √ C (2025·广州市高二上学期期末) A major scientific achievement has been recognized with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.This award was given to a team using machine learning to solve a big problem in biology：predicting and designing the 3D shapes of proteins.Most of this work was done at a tech company，marking a notable shift that high-level scientific research can also originate outside traditional academic settings. Proteins are crucial for our bodies and are involved in almost every biological process.The shape of a protein determines its function.If a protein is shaped incorrectly，it can cause serious diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. Historically，predicting a protein's shape from its amino acid sequence (序列) was very difficult and puzzled scientists for decades. The breakthrough happened with A-Fold，a machine learning program that can accurately predict protein structures from their amino acid sequences. This tool has changed the field，providing insights into the structure of over 200 million proteins so far.This data is expected to speed up progress in medicine and drug development，opening new ways to treat diseases. 　　The tech company's success with A-Fold also underscores the growing impact of artificial intelligence in various scientific domains，showing that AI can tackle complex biological problems and contribute to critical advancements in health and medicine. 　　The Nobel Prize committee awarded this work to highlight the value of combining different areas in science，where technology and biology meet to create amazing results.This achievement not only shows what AI can do but also sets an example for future scientific projects that combine technology with traditional research to address global problems. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI预测和设计蛋白质结构获诺贝尔化学奖。 28．Why was the team awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A．They discovered a cure for Alzheimer's and diabetes. B．They analyzed the functions of essential body elements. C．They worked out protein structures with a machine learning program. D．They created a new way to treat diseases through traditional research. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This award was given to a team using machine learning to solve a big problem in biology：predicting and designing the 3D shapes of proteins.”可知，该团队使用机器学习程序解决了蛋白质结构的问题。故选C。 √ 29．Why is the shape of a protein critical to its function? A．It leads to the development of the diseases. B．It offers insights into the structure of protein. C．It speeds up the progress of medicine and drug. D．It affects the protein's role in biological processes. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Proteins are crucial for our bodies and are involved in almost every biological process.The shape of a protein determines its function.”可知，蛋白质的形状影响其在生物过程中的作用。故选D。 √ 30．What does the underlined word “underscores” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Minimizes. B．Highlights. C．Questions. D．Overlooks. 词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，A-Fold的成功凸显了人工智能在各个领域的影响力，因此underscores与选项B意思相近，意为“强调，突出”。故选B。 √ 31．What possibility does the author imply about the future of scientific research? A．A new focus on solving biological problems. B．An amazing change in academic research settings. C．An increase in joint efforts between different fields. D．A lessened dependence on machine learning techniques. 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者暗示了未来科学研究的一个可能性是不同领域之间的合作将增加，特别是在技术和生物学交汇的领域。故选C。 √ D (2025·安徽省十校联考高二上学期期末) It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”．That is，inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need.Quite a few inventions do fit in this category.For example，in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U．S.South. Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs.In fact，most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (小修补).Once a device had been invented，the inventor then had to find an application for it.Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it.Thus，invention is often the mother of necessity，rather than vice versa. A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand.When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866，it was weak，heavy，and seven feet tall.Thirty years later，he built the first truck.But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation.Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War Ⅰ when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks，which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. 　　Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand，because early models perform too poorly to be useful.For instance，the first cameras，typewriters，and television sets were as awful as Otto's seven-foot-tall gas engine.That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it.Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs.While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines，it soon was supplying power to cotton mills，then (with much greater profit) driving trains and boats. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。 32．Why is Eli Whitney mentioned by the writer in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To deny a statement. C．To clarify a doubt. D．To illustrate a view. 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D。 √ 33．What led to the wide use of motor vehicles according to the text? A．The improvement of engine performance. B．The end of World War Ⅰ. C．The need of the military during war time. D．The decline of horse-drawn wagons. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War Ⅰ when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks，which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries.”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C。 √ 34．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Absence of public demand. B．Bad performance of early models. C．A lack of time and expense. D．Awful looks of previous inventions. 代词指代题。根据最后一段中“Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand...and thus invest more time and expense to develop it.”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B。 √ 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Social Need：the Inner Drive for Invention　 B．Great Invention：the Force of Society's Progress C．Beyond Necessity：the Curious Pursuit of Invention　 D．General Application：the Final Purpose of Invention 标题归纳题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’．”以及第二段中 “Thus，invention is often the mother of necessity，rather than vice versa.”以及最后一段可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。故选C。 √ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2025·福建省宁德市某校高二上第三次阶段测试) Excessive screen time and overuse of handheld devices can lead to both our physical and mental health issues.By adopting healthy technology habits，we can improve our overall well-being.Here are some practical steps to help achieve that. Assess your digital habits 36._________．Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed by excessive information or stressed by social media? Are you anxious when you forget your phone? If negative emotions are associated with your digital devices，it's time to improve your digital well-being. 37. _________ Gaining a detailed understanding of your technology usage is crucial for improving your digital well-being.Many smartphones now offer activity monitoring features，enabling you to analyze the time spent on each app and device. Becoming aware of your habits will help you make informed decisions about your digital engagement. Set the boundaries We are surrounded by digital devices.We live in a world of tech! However，we are failing to set healthy tech boundaries. 38. _________．Once you hit the limit，the apps and sites pause and notifications are silenced. Enjoy gadget-free meal time Traditionally，meal times served as occasions for families and friends to relax and talk about their day. 39. _________．To promote meaningful communication and connection，it's important to have technology-free meals. Establish a bedtime routine To improve the quality of your sleep，consider disconnecting from your phone or other devices before bedtime.There are various apps available that can put your phone in nighttime mode，silencing notifications and turning your screen grayscale (灰度).40. _________． A．Monitor your digital activity B．Be aware of your well-being C．Reflect on how digital devices make you feel D．You can set daily limits on the apps and websites you use E．This reduces exposure to artificial blue light，which can make it harder to fall asleep F．However，nowadays，electronic devices have taken over conversations，leading to silent gatherings G．This will prevent your phone from disturbing you when you need to focus on something important 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何减少长时间看屏幕，提高幸福感提出了一些建议。 Excessive screen time and overuse of handheld devices can lead to both our physical and mental health issues.By adopting healthy technology habits，we can improve our overall well-being.Here are some practical steps to help achieve that. Assess your digital habits 36.________________________________________．Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed by excessive information or stressed by social media? Are you anxious when you forget your phone? If negative emotions are associated with your digital devices，it's time to improve your digital well-being. C．Reflect on how digital devices make you feel 根据后文“Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed by excessive information or stressed by social media? Are you anxious when you forget your phone? If negative emotions are associated with your digital devices，it's time to improve your digital well-being.”可知，后文的设问句主要是针对数字设备带来的感受所进行的，故C选项“反思数字设备给你的感觉”符合语境，故选C。 37.____________________________ Gaining a detailed understanding of your technology usage is crucial for improving your digital well-being.Many smartphones now offer activity monitoring features，enabling you to analyze the time spent on each app and device.Becoming aware of your habits will help you make informed decisions about your digital engagement. 根据本段内容可知，本段的建议是监控自己在设备上的时间，故A选项“监控你的数字活动”符合语境，故选A。 A．Monitor your digital activity 　　Set the boundaries 　　We are surrounded by digital devices.We live in a world of tech! However，we are failing to set healthy tech boundaries. 38.________________ _______________________________________．Once you hit the limit，the apps and sites pause and notifications are silenced. 根据后文“Once you hit the limit，the apps and sites pause and notifications are silenced.”可知，后文提到了达到上限，推测本句是在说明设置限制。故选D。 D．You can set daily limits on the apps and websites you use 　　Enjoy gadget-free meal time 　　Traditionally，meal times served as occasions for families and friends to relax and talk about their day.39.______________________________________ _________________________________________________．To promote meaningful communication and connection，it's important to have technology-free meals. 根据后文“To promote meaningful communication and connection，it's important to have technology-free meals.”可知，后文提到了吃一顿没有科技产品的饭很重要，推测本句是在说明电子设备影响人们的沟通。故选F。 　　　　　　　　 F．However，nowadays，electronic devices have taken over conversations，leading to silent gatherings 　　Establish a bedtime routine 　　To improve the quality of your sleep，consider disconnecting from your phone or other devices before bedtime.There are various apps available that can put your phone in nighttime mode，silencing notifications and turning your screen grayscale (灰度).40.__________________________________________ ________________________________． E．This reduces exposure to artificial blue light，which can make it harder to fall asleep 根据前文“To improve the quality of your sleep，consider disconnecting from your phone or other devices before bedtime.There are various apps available that can put your phone in nighttime mode，silencing notifications and turning your screen grayscale (灰度).”可知，前文提到把屏幕调成灰度，本句说明这么做的原因。故E选项“这样可以减少暴露在人造蓝光下的时间，因为蓝光会让人更难入睡”符合语境，故选E。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2025·河南洛阳市高二上学期期末) 　　I showed up as a member of the genetic (基因学的) group and met the geneticist，Lindon Eaves.He didn't have 41 appearance.However，he impressed me with his great passion for research work and unique way of viewing 42 ． One day，we discussed some complex aspects of 43 analysis.Eaves pulled his hands up，almost shouting，“Sometimes you can't confirm the best hypothesis (假设) 44 ，and then you just have to 45 it out！” He said so excitedly—with great 46 and a thick accent—that I've never forgotten his words. I'd 47 science was a reasonable，clear process，but Eaves taught me science was messy.You could 48 some facts，but it was difficult to understand what they really meant.So Eaves told us to 49 one theory after another until we got a model that could explain the facts best.Eaves meant using intuition (直觉) and imagination—giving up our logic and getting 50 ． 　　Eaves never 51 any popular idea just because it was popular.He claimed that a scientist has to be a contrarian (叛逆者).It was because the truth isn't necessarily the majority 52 ． 　　After the course，I took great pleasure in doing scientific research.Eaves 53 me that scientific research is important，exciting，and worthwhile.I gave Mr.Eaves 54 for his instruction and enlightenment.As Henry Adams once wrote in his book，“A teacher 55 forever；he can never tell where his influence ends.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者见到了遗传学家林登·伊夫斯，伊夫斯对科学的见解启发和教育了作者，对作者影响深远。 41．A．odd B．attractive C．common D．comfortable 42．A．science B．technology C．security D．medicine 根据后文“Eaves taught me science”可知，这里指对科学的独特看法。故选A。 √ √ 根据后文“However，he impressed me with his great passion for research work”可知，他没有迷人的外表，但是对研究工作的极大热情给作者留下了深刻印象。故选B。 43．A．profession B．market C．data D．society 44．A．solely B．relevantly C．essentially D．logically 根据前文“you can't confirm the best hypothesis(假设)”以及前文提到作者在基因组，所以是指从逻辑上证实最好的假设。故选D。 √ √ 根据前文“I showed up as a member of the genetic(基因学的) group and met the geneticist，Lindon Eaves.”可知，作者从事基因科学的研究，所以此处指的是数据分析。故选C。 45．A．stick B．take C．give D．put 46．A．intelligence B．anger C．enthusiasm D．effort 根据前文“He said so excitedly”可知，他带着极大的热情和浓重的口音说着。故选C。 √ √ 根据后文“Eaves meant using intuition(直觉) and imagination”可知，有时候你无法从逻辑上证实最好的假设，那你必须坚持到底。stick out表示“坚持到底”。故选A。 47．A．planned B．wondered C．questioned D．thought 48．A．collect B．employ C．predict D．doubt 根据后文“some facts，but it was difficult to understand what they really meant”可知，这里指收集事实。故选A。 √ √ 根据后文“science was a reasonable，clear process”可知，作者原以为科学是一个合理、清晰的过程，故选D。 49．A．make B．try C．support D．announce 50．A．unique B．creative C．independent D．conscious 根据后文“any popular idea just because it was popular”可知，他不因为流行而接受任何流行的想法，说明要独立起来。故选C。 √ √ 根据后文“one theory after another until we got a model that could explain the facts best”可知，要得到一个最好的模型需要一个理论接着一个理论去尝试。故选B。 51．A．hunted for B．heard of C．longed for D．took in 52．A．trend B．prospect C．option D．method 根据前文“He claimed that a scientist has to be a contrarian(叛逆者).”可知，他声称科学家必须是一个逆势而为的人，因为真相不一定是大多数人的选择。故选C。 √ √ 根据后文“any popular idea just because it was popular”可知，这里指伊夫斯从不因为流行而接受任何流行的想法。故选D。 53．A．guaranteed B．convinced C．warned D．persuaded √ 根据后文“scientific research is important，exciting，and worthwhile”可知，这里指他使作者相信科学研究是重要的、令人兴奋的且有价值的。故选B。 54．A．credit B．relief C．concern D．advice 55．A．determines B．affects C．devotes D．explores 根据后文“he can never tell where his influence ends”可知，老师永远不知道自己的影响力在哪里结束，即老师影响深远。故选B。 √ √ 根据后文“his instruction and enlightenment”可知，伊夫斯先生启蒙和教诲了作者，作者赞赏对方。give sb credit for表示“给某人以赞扬或认可”。故选A。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025·山西省晋城市高二上学期期末) 　　A new，small robotic camera designed to be swallowed for use in medical examinations was 56.________ (recent) demonstrated at a conference in Canada. The device called PillBot can be guided through a body remotely，meaning electronically from outside.Its creators hope the device will replace traditional endoscopies (内窥镜检查).An endoscopy is when a camera attached to a wire is directed down the throat and into a sleeping 57._________ (patient) stomach. recently patient's 　　The PillBot is designed to be the first motorized endoscopic camera.Here 58.____ (be)how developers say it works：A patient does not eat for one day，then swallows the PillBot with lots of water.The PillBot acts like 59._____ small submarine (潜艇) controlled by a wireless remote control.When the exam is completed，the body will expel (排出) the PillBot 60._____ the same way it expels other solid waste. 　　Dr.Vivek Kumbhari is co-founder of the company.It is the latest step towards his larger goal of 61._________ (make) complex medicine more accessible. is a in making 　　“If endoscopies can 62.__________ (move) from a hospital setting to a patient's home，”he said，“then I think we have achieved that goal.”“The device provides a safer，63.__________________ (comfortable) approach，” he added. 　　Alex Luebke is the co-founder of Endiatx.He said the PillBot can help people in rural areas 64.________ medical centres and treatment are lacking. The micro-robotic pill is undergoing testing.If 65.____________ (approve)，the PillBot could be available by 2026. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近在加拿大的一次会议上展示了一种可吞咽的新型的小型机器人相机，该相机可用于医学检查。 be moved more comfortable where approved 56．答案：recently 57．答案：patient's 空处修饰动词demonstrated，应用副词形式作状语。故填recently。 结合语意可知，此处表示“患者的”，需用名词的所有格形式。故填patient's。 58．答案：is 59．答案：a 根据句中say和works可知，句子使用一般现在时，且本句使用完全倒装结构，how引导从句作主语，be动词使用is。故填is。 结合语意可知，此处表示“一艘小型潜艇”，空处应用不定冠词，且small是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词。故填a。 60．答案：in 61．答案：making in the same way表示“用相同的方式”。故填in。 空处作介词of的宾语，应用动词-ing形式making。故填making。 62．答案：be moved 63．答案：more comfortable move与主语endoscopies之间是被动关系，且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be moved。 空处与safer并列，表示更舒适的方法，所以空处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填more comfortable。 64．答案：where 65．答案：approved 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词rural areas，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 此处为if条件状语从句的省略，从句主语与主句主语the PillBot一致，且approve与主语the PillBot之间是被动关系。故填approved。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2025·江西省上饶市高二上学期期末) 　　你校正在组织英语征文比赛，请以你最敬佩的科学家为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介；2.敬佩的原因。 注意：1.短文题目已为你写好； 2．词数80左右。 The scientist I respect most ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In the vast expanse of scientific history，there are countless names with their groundbreaking discoveries and relentless pursuit of knowledge，among which one stands out prominently for me—Tu Youyou. Born in Ningbo，on December 30th，1930，Tu entered Peking University Medical School in 1951.Under her leadership，her team discovered artemisinin，which is of great significance for curing malaria once and for all.Thanks to Tu's discovery，millions of lives have been saved. Her discovery is seen as such a big contribution to human health that all our Chinese are proud of her. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2025·山东省威海市高二上学期期末) The Sisters 　　Lynn sighed as she struggled to remove a spot on her new T-shirt.She was feeling quite annoyed.Her sister，Ava，had completely ruined her nice Saturday morning. Couldn't a super-busy teenage girl get some rest from a continuously-working week? Okay，maybe Lynn had pushed Ava onto the table，spilling (洒出) juice all over the floor.Maybe her mom had blamed Ava for what happened and didn't give Ava time to explain.Ava，punished without reason，was in a stormy mood.To take revenge (报复) on Lynn，she “accidentally” spilled a bowl of jelly onto Lynn，ruining Lynn's new T-shirt.But Lynn was sure Ava got what she deserved.Just last week，Ava had secretly poured sticky glue on Lynn's seat in class.Lynn couldn't have been happier to see her sister suffer. This chain of revenge had been going on between the two girls ever since there had been too much school stress (endless homework，mountainous tests，and many more) in eighth grade.And then their mom was always on her phone and taking business trips，hardly having time to stay with her family. As Lynn thought about all this，she couldn't help feeling a bit thoughtful and nostalgic (怀旧的)，remembering the time when she and her sister were peaceful，particularly during their childhood game—Conquer the World.It didn't actually mean to conquer the world；instead，it was their playful challenge to climb a pretty steep and high rock at the back of their house.And when they got to the top，they would have “conquered the world”．The sisters hadn't actually managed to do that yet.They stopped trying to after a while since it looked a bit stupid for teenagers to climb a rock. 　　Lynn sighed and gave up trying to clean the jelly on her T-shirt.Perhaps...it was time to stop having a world war with her sister.She got up and changed into a new shirt. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 　　Lynn knocked on her sister's door.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 She hesitated for a moment，wondering if Ava would even want to hear what she had to say.Ava opened the door，her expression guarded.“Hey Ava，” Lynn began softly，“I was thinking about that game we used to play.Remember how we never actually made it to the top of the rock? Maybe we could try again sometime.It's been a while since we did anything fun together.” Ava's eyes widened slightly，surprise mingling with curiosity.For a heartbeat，it seemed as if the tension between them eased just a fraction.So they came to the rocks behind the house. 　　The rock still seemed pretty high and steep for the sisters.　____________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As they approached it，Lynn felt a sense of nostalgia wash over her.They started climbing，their conversation light and filled with laughter.Halfway up，they paused to catch their breath and gaze out at the world below them.It felt like they were conquering something far greater than just a rock—perhaps the walls of misunderstanding and resentment that had built up between them.When they finally reached the top，they hugged，their laughter echoing across the landscape.“We did it，Ava.We conquered the world，” Lynn said joyfully，and for once，there was no trace of sarcasm or revenge in her voice. 导语　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Lynn和Ava因为一些误会导致两姐妹开始了一连串的报复，这天Lynn在洗妹妹弄脏的T恤的时候想起了曾经一起在岩石上玩的游戏“征服世界”，决定停止战争。于是邀请妹妹一起去攀登岩石，两姐妹也修复了关系。 返回 详解 1．段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Lynn敲了敲她妹妹的门。”可知，第一段可描写Lynn邀请妹妹去爬岩石，Ava惊讶但是同意了。 ②由第二段首句内容“对姐妹俩来说，岩石似乎仍然很高很陡。”可知，第二段可描写姐妹俩一起爬岩石，并且修复了感情。 2．续写线索：敲门——提议攀登岩石——Ava惊讶但同意了——一起攀登岩石——感情修复 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 返回 $