UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术；对社会有突出贡献的人物 Section Ⅳ　Using language 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语基自查　固根基 2 语基讲练　提能力 3 课堂检测　知效果 4 课时测评 5 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Read the passage and then choose the best answers. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China? A．He wanted to serve his country. B．He met with difficulties in America. C．He was a hero in China. D．He missed his family. 2．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A．His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B．His research in the United States. C．His friends' encouragement. D．His habit of reading a lot. √ √ 3．What does the word “holds” in the sentence “The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.” mean? A．Gets. B．Points. C．Closes. D．Declares. 4．What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease? A．Cleverness. B．Dreams. C．Determination. D．Mistakes. √ √ 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．_____ evidence　　　　 可靠的证据 2．____ a bright light over the garden 在院子里撒下清辉 3．_____ down 倾盆而下；倾泻 4．under one's __________ 在……的领导下 5．_____ the history of... 追溯……的历史 6．an ___________ player 一名杰出的运动员 7．a ________ young scientist 一位才华横溢的青年科学家 8．find _____ with sb/sth 找……的茬儿；批评；挑剔 9．day/night _____ 日/夜班 solid　 cast　 pour　 leadership　 trace outstanding　 brilliant　 fault　 shift 拓展单词——用活 1．________ n．思想；思维；见解 →think vt.&vi.思考，考虑 2．_______ n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 →find vt.发现 →finder n．发现者 3．_______ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 →initially adv.起初 4．_________ n．机械师；机械修理工 →mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 finding initial mechanic thinking 5．______ vt.保卫；辩解；防守 →defense n．防护；辩护 6．_________ n．助理；助手 →assist vt.帮助 →assistance n．帮助；支持 7．______ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 →vividly adv.生动地 8．_______ adj.有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的 →gift n．礼物；天赋 9．__________ n．天文学家 →astronomy n．天文学 defend assistant vivid gifted astronomer 规律方法 -ing作动词后缀，变为名词。 think→thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 find→finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 end→ending n. 结尾，结局 begin→beginning n. 开始，开端　　 阅读单词——识记 1．under a microscope　　　　 在_______下 2．vegetable protein 植物_______ 3．red blood cells 红_____ 4．be infected with the flu virus 感染流感_____ 5．the search for a new vaccine 研制新_____ 6．theoretical framework 理论_____ 7．cast different shadows 投射不同的_____ 8．a bright rainbow 一道明亮的_____ 显微镜　 蛋白质　 细胞　 细胞　 疫苗 框架　 影子　 彩虹　 9．a concrete explanation _______解释 10．China's aerospace science 中国的_____科学 11．patriotic youth _____青年 12．space and missile programme 航天和_____项目 13．abstract concept _________ 具体的　 航天　 爱国　 导弹 抽象概念 重点短语——再现 1．主管；掌管　　　　 ____________ 2．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 _________ 3．患(病)；染上(小病) ________________ 4．最重要的是；尤其是 __________ 5．除……之外(都) ___________ 6．take on the challenge __________ 7．be familiar with ____________ 8．have an impact on ______________ 9．come up with ___________ in charge of break out come down with above all　 apart from　 接受挑战　 对……熟悉 对……有影响　 想出；提出 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 教材原句　Perhaps no other scientist ______________________(有更大的影响)on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 2．句型公式　not only...but also...意为“不但……，而且……” 教材原句　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of ____________________(不仅仅开发)China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. has had a greater impact not only developing 返回 3．句型公式　what引导的名词性从句 教材原句　However，what might have _______________________________ ____________________(使他成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing. made him such an outstanding and creative scientist 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 归 纳 cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 【教材原句】　You stand in front of a white light，and it casts different shadows of you，in every colour of the rainbow.你站在一束白光面前，它投下你不同的影子，呈现出彩虹的每一种颜色。   cast a shadow/cloud over/on...　 给……蒙上一层阴影 cast a look/glance at... 向……看一眼 be cast down 灰心丧气；沮丧；气馁 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Their first attempt to make popcorn broke down but they weren't cast ______． ②她走过时，他向她投去赞赏的一瞥。 He _________________________ her when she passed by. ③一开始，越野跑给大卫蒙上了一层阴影；然而，他下定决心要完成这次跑步。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) At the beginning，the cross-country run _______________________________；however，he made a firm determination to finish the run. down　 cast an admiring glance at　 cast a cloud/shadow over/on David 2 归 纳 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 【教材原句】　A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid... 非牛顿流体之所以奇怪，是因为你可以把它当作液体倒出来……   pour down　　　　 (雨)倾盆而下 pour out 涌出；倒出 pour in 涌入 pour sth into... 朝……里面倒……　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of tourists pour ____ every year. ②一天，约翰和奥利弗出去散步，这时天突然黑了下来。大雨倾盆而下。(读后续写之环境描写) One day John went out for a walk with Oliver when the sky suddenly got dark. Heavy rain ____________． ③一下课，激动的学生疯狂地欢呼着从教室蜂拥而出。(动作描写) With the class over，the thrilled students ___________________________，cheering wildly. in　 poured down　 poured out of the classroom 归 纳 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 【教材原句】　However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业……   break away from 挣脱；逃离 break down (谈判)失败；出故障；(身体) 垮掉；分解；破坏；消除 break in 打断谈话；插话；闯入(行窃)(不加宾语) break into 强行闯入 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落　　 3 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I was still sleeping when the fire broke _____，and then it spread quickly. ②He broke ____ rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger. ③The truck my dad drove often broke ______ on the way，which made my dad in trouble. ④不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们俩都不知道如何消除我们的分歧。 Unluckily，________________________ between my best friend and me. What's worse，I _________ with her and we didn't know __________________ our barriers. out　 in　 down　 a terrible quarrel broke out broke up how to break down 归 纳 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 【教材原句】...he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.……他(钱学森)意识到中国需要建设自己的强大的空军来保卫国家。   (1)defend...from/against (doing)...　 保护……免受…… defend oneself from/against sth 保护自己不受……；对……为自己辩护 (2)defence n. 防御；辩护；保卫 in defence of 保卫；为……辩护 (3)defensive adj. 防御的；自卫的　　 4 【练透】——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①People should try their best to defend the environment _____________ pollution. ②My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in _______(defend) of herself. ③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之动作描写) →Seeing the fierce snake，he _________________________________． (defend) →Seeing the fierce snake，he _____________________________________． (defence) against/from　 defence rushed to defend his son like an arrow rushed in defence of his son like an arrow 归 纳 in charge of主管；掌管 【教材原句】　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，并受命发展中国的火箭科学还负责航天和导弹项目。   (1)in the charge of 由……负责；由……掌管 take charge of 负责；掌管(表动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事　　 5 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①The West Branch of Suzhou Museum is scheduled to open to the public free ____ charge. ②悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。(读后续写之情绪描写) Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy's cheeks，because he _________________ stealing the woman's gold ring. of was charged with ③I will be in charge of the English speech competition，which makes me greatly honored. →The English speech competition will ____________________，which makes me greatly honored. →I will _________________________________________，which makes me greatly honored. be in the charge of me take charge of the English speech competition 归 纳 come down with患(病)；染上(小病) 【教材原句】　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。   come across　　　 (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come out 出来；出版；开花 come up 走近；上来；被提及 come up with 提出 when it comes to ... 当谈到……　　 6 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One day I came ______ an old friend in the street who told me that his new book would come ____ soon. ②The shop manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come ______． across out　 about ③一听到我的伙伴得了重病，一阵悲伤和担忧席卷了我。(读后续写之情感描写) The instant I knew that my partner ____________________________，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me. ④谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。 ________________________________，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. came down with a severe illness When it comes to English learning Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 【教材原句】　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。 (1)否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 (2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not＋...＋too＋形容词/副词，意为“再怎么……也不为过”。　　 1 归 纳 练透——完成句子 ①在我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。因此，我怎么强调保持学习和放松之间的平衡的重要性也不为过。 As far as I am concerned，__________________________ keeping physically and mentally healthy. As a result，I can't stress the importance of keeping balance between our studies and relaxation too much. ②我深信没有一个地方比位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室更适合学习的了。 I am greatly convinced that ______________________________________ the self-study room located on the third floor of our library. ③我坚信没有人比我们班长更适合当候选人的了。(推荐信) I hold the firm belief that _____________________________________ our monitor. nothing is more significant than no place is more suitable for studying than nobody is a more qualified candidate than 句型公式：what引导的名词性从句 【教材原句】　However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。   (1)此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 (2)连接代词what除了引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”。　　 2 归 纳 练透——完成句子 ①令我们印象最深刻的是我的同桌总是乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。(2023·天津3月卷书面表达) ____________________________ my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help. ②在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。(读后续写之动作描写) ______________________________，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. ③我不知道我能从这个活动中获得什么，因此我不确定是否应该参加。 I have no idea ______________________________，so I am not sure whether I should take part in it or not. What impresses us most is that After what seemed like a century　 what I can benefit from the activity 句型公式：not only...but also...不仅……而且…… 【教材原句】　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，并受命发展中国的火箭科学还负责航天和导弹项目。   (1)not only...but also...不仅……而且……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)； (2)not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。　　 3 归 纳 练透——完成句子/句式升级 ①这段经历不仅让我有机会将自己的艺术创作与自然联系起来，也增强了我今后从自然中汲取灵感的意愿。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作) The experience ________________________________________ connect my artistic creation with nature，but also enhanced my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future. not only provided me with an opportunity to 返回 ②We should not only show respect for the great scientists，but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them. →__________________________________ the great scientists，but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them.(倒装句) ③We not only gained knowledge of gardening but also we had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(2023·浙江1月卷) →_________________________________________ but also we had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(倒装句) Not only should we show respect for　 Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening 知效果 课堂检测　 返回 Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．I was in the kitchen，________ (斟) out drinks. 2．The player's ___________ (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 3．All the teachers are satisfied with your _______(绝妙的) performance in the speech contest. 4．I have the faith that I can be a helpful _________(助手)to the event organizers. pouring　 outstanding　 brilliant　 assistant 返回 Ⅱ．补全句子 1．Lucy ____________ (有天赋)creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other. 2．I ________________ (染上)the flu and my doctor insisted that I should stay indoors for a week or so. 3．It is reported that a team consisting of five experts will be ______________ (负责) the club. 4．__________(最重要的是)，as a native of Jinan，I know this city and its culture very well. 5．What the teachers have done ___________________ (对……有很大影响) their students in the future. has a gift for　 came down with　 in charge of Above all　 has a great impact on 课时测评 返回 层级(一)　基础巩固练 Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义(每空1分，共10分) 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思 1．charge A．vt.控告　B．n.职责　C．vi.向……方向冲去 D．vt.&vi.收(费)　E．vt.给……充电 ①I am Li Hua，a student in charge of the program “Talk and Talk” launched in the broadcasting station of our school. ___ ②I will charge you one thousand yuan for curing your severe disease. ___ ③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ___ ④The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ___ ⑤He rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness. ___ B D A E C 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 2．He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ____________ 3．He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues. ________ 4．He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him. ________________ 5．The stores are packed solid at this time of year. ____________ 6．She abstracted the main points from the argument. ________________ vt.选派角色 vt.推卸　 vt.(为……)辩护　 adj.无空隙的 vt.把……抽象出 Ⅱ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．It's hard for the victims to wipe out the ________ (阴影) of that terrible earthquake from their hearts. 2．The only way to live happily with others is to overlook their _______ (过错) and admire their virtues. 3．As is known to all，the rose could represent love and affection，and the ________ (彩虹) could symbolize hope. 4．Her __________ (绝妙的)idea helped solve the problem quickly and efficiently. shadow　 faults　 rainbow brilliant　 5．This area witnessed _______ (稳定的) social and economic development under the Qing Dynasty. 6．On seeing other competitors' ___________ (杰出的)performance，I began to lose confidence in myself. 7．A great many c________ measures have been taken by our government to contain it. 8．It is acknowledged that reading lays a s____ foundation for further learning. steady outstanding　 oncrete　 olid Ⅲ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．His efforts to help the company reduce losses are more successful than most of us expected _________ (initial). 2．The soldiers were determined __________ (defend) their motherland，no matter how difficult it was. 3．I have never taken part in a ________________ (meaningful) activity than this one. 4．Though he came down _____ a severe disease，he was still willing ________ (help) over the course of the project. initially　 to defend　 more meaningful　 with to help 5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising ________ (steady) since 2000. 6．Willing to help Bernard，the children got down to _________ (prepare) popcorn the instant they got what they needed. 7．_________(charge) with stealing my classmate's wallet，I shed tears of sadness and tried to prove my innocence. 8．When anxiety beats you，or ______(cast)a shadow over your life，this is a serious problem. steadily　 preparing　 Charged　 casts Ⅳ．完成句子(介绍“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平)(每小题2分，共10分) 1．作为“杂交水稻之父”而著名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。 __________________________________，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2．我们从没见过比他更杰出的农业科学家了。 We ________________________________________________________． Known as “the father of hybrid rice” have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him　 3．他相信他所做的事情，即使遇到数不清的困难，他也绝不屈服。 He believed in _______________________ and even if encountering countless difficulties，he would never give in. 4．在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。 Under his leadership，more and more young people are __________________ _____________________． 5．不幸的是，他患上了严重的疾病，于2021年5月22日与世长辞。 Unfortunately，he _____________________________ and passed away on May 22，2021. what he had been doing in charge of the research of hybrid rice came down with a severe illness 层级(二)　阅读提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·东北师范大学附属中学高二上学期期末) 　　A voice reaches us，crying out from the depths of a silence：“I am alive，I can think，and no one has the right to deny me these two realities.” 　　The words were conveyed by a flicker (跳动) of the left eyelid.It came from a book，The Diving Bell and the Butterfly，by a former journalist，Jean-Dominique Bauby.He worked for journals like the Quotidien de Paris and Paris Match.For four years until December 1995 he was the very successful chief editor of ELLE. Then the unthinkable happened.A cardiovascular (心血管的) accident sent him into a deep coma (昏迷).His brain remained undamaged，but its connection to his body left him with only the ability to blink his left eyelid.The poor man was found to be suffering from the rare disease “Locked-in Syndrome”，unable to breathe or eat without assistance. In this body，however，his brain was working wildly，trying to make people understand what he was thinking.With the help of a specialized nurse，Claude Mendibil，he was able to write his book，using only his ability to blink at the most frequently used letters of the alphabet. He would spend most of the night editing his thoughts and composing sentences.It took him about 200，000 blinks to write his book of more than 100 pages.In it，Bauby describes his paralyzed (瘫痪的) existence as being trapped in an old-fashioned deep-sea diving bell while the “butterflies” of his mind fly freely. One would expect from this process formal factual report，but that is not the case.The book reads in flowing images that light up his dilemma.The style is clear and fresh，and not without elegance，imagination and humor. 　　He is also in search of past time，of memory itself，of the books he had read，the poems he had learnt by heart.Even sadder，he thinks of all the books he wanted to read and hadn't gotten to.He has to listen to someone else reading them to him.He recalls meals，a horse race，his life and work as an editor，and his struggle in his hospital bed to twitch (抽动) his nose when a fly lands on it. 　　“From this hell comes a great message of life and hope，” said Antoine Audouard，a friend of Bauby's and the book's publisher. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位被诊断患有一种罕见的疾病“闭锁综合症”的作家与病魔作斗争，最终把自己的故事用优美的语言写成一本书展示给世人，传递出他不屈不挠的精神。 1．We can learn from the article that Jean-Dominique Bauby _______． A．died of a rare cardiovascular condition B．used to be a successful journalist and editor C．suffered brain damage due to Locked-in Syndrome D．continued to run magazines from his hospital bed 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“It came from a book，The Diving Bell and the Butterfly，by a former journalist，Jean-Dominique Bauby.He worked for journals like the Quotidien de Paris and Paris Match.For four years until December 1995 he was the very successful chief editor of ELLE.”可知，Jean-Dominique Bauby曾经是一名成功的记者和编辑。故选B。 √ 2．What do Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly talk about? A．How Bauby was able to write his book. B．What Bauby's life was like after he had been paralyzed. C．What The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is mainly about. D．Why Bauby named his book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. √ 段落大意题。第四段中“With the help of a specialized nurse，Claude Mendibil，he was able to write his book，using only his ability to blink at the most frequently used letters of the alphabet.”可知，本段讲述了在护士Claude Mendibil的帮助下，Jean-Dominique Bauby通过眨动最常用的字母，完成了自己的著作。第五段则描述了书的内容，即Bauby描述自己瘫痪的生活状态。因此，第四段和第五段主要讲述的是Bauby是如何完成自己的著作的。故选A。 3．What can we know about the book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly from the text? A．It is written in a formal and serious style. B．It focuses on Bauby's working experience as an editor. C．It describes Bauby's paralyzed existence vividly. D．It makes readers understand Locked-in Syndrome easily. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中“The book reads in flowing images that light up his dilemma.The style is clear and fresh，and not without elegance，imagination and humor.”可知，这本书用优雅而富有创造性的语言描述了Bauby瘫痪的生活。故选C。 √ 4．Based on this article，which of the following words can be used to describe Bauby? A．Odd-tempered. B．Open-minded. C．Strong-willed. D．Warm-hearted. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“With the help of a specialized nurse，Claude Mendibil，he was able to write his book，using only his ability to blink at the most frequently used letters of the alphabet.”；第五段中“He would spend most of the night editing his thoughts and composing sentences.It took him about 200，000 blinks to write his book of more than 100 pages.”以及第六段中“The book reads in flowing images that light up his dilemma.The style is clear and fresh，and not without elegance，imagination and humor.”可知，Bauby即使在瘫痪的情况下也没放弃写书，可见他意志力超强。故选C。 B (2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高二上学期期末) Scientists in South Africa have found that ceramic (陶瓷的) nest boxes can protect endangered African penguins from climate change. In the past，the penguins laid eggs in holes dug into centuries-old layers of their own droppings，most of which were shipped by traders to the United Kingdom as fertilizer (肥料) in the 1800s.Since then，many penguins have nested in the open，exposing their eggs and themselves to the burning heat. Because penguins evolved to keep heat in cold water，they can easily overheat on land.Typically，penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea.But without proper holes，this leaves their eggs unprotected.Since 1900，the African penguin population has dropped from three million to only 48，000. Fortunately，a team of researchers seem to have found a way.Over the past years，the team has put more than 1，500 handmade ceramic nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live，including Bird Island in Algoa Bay，South Africa，which is home to nearly half of the world's remaining African penguins.Looking like small round houses，the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool. “The nests are so useful，” says Welman，a zoologist.“Even if adults had to leave nests for some reason，their eggs would never be at any risk of overheating.” Christina Hagen of Bird Life South Africa，who was not part of the study，says finding effective conservation solutions is important given the decreasing population of African penguins. 　　The main threat to African penguins is overfishing of anchovy and sardines，the penguins' favorite food.Scientists and conservationists are pushing the South African government to close commercial fishing around the five African penguin breeding (繁殖) colonies until populations recover.But without protection from rising temperatures，those efforts alone may not be enough. Ceramic nests could help to give these beloved penguins a fighting chance. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南非科学家发现，陶瓷巢盒可以保护濒危的非洲企鹅免受气候变化的影响。 5．What can we learn about African penguins from the passage? A．They well adapt to high temperatures. B．They are mainly threatened by pollution. C．They are suffering a lot from overheating. D．They have a population of over three million. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since then，many penguins have nested in the open，exposing their eggs and themselves to the burning heat.”可知，非洲企鹅正饱受过热之苦。故选C。 √ 6．Why is Bird Island special to African penguins? A．There is a vast population of African penguins. B．It enjoys the best climate for African penguins. C．African penguins there can nest in the open. D．There are holes for penguins to lay eggs. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Over the past years，the team has put more than 1，500 handmade ceramic nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live，including Bird Island in Algoa Bay，South Africa，which is home to nearly half of the world's remaining African penguins.”可知，Bird Island对非洲企鹅来说很特别是因为那里有大量的非洲企鹅。故选A。 √ 7．What is the main function of the ceramic nest boxes? A．To allow the penguins to stay cool inside. B．To protect the penguins from being hunted. C．To provide a place for the penguins to rest. D．To save enough room for the adult penguins. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Looking like small round houses，the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool.”可知，陶瓷巢盒的主要功能是让企鹅在里面保持凉爽。故选A。 √ 8．What additional measure is being proposed to protect African penguins? A．Creating more nesting areas for the penguins. B．Stopping people fishing where the penguins breed. C．Introducing new species of fish for the penguins. D．Providing man-made cooling facilities for the penguins. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientists and conservationists are pushing the South African government to close commercial fishing around the five African penguin breeding (繁殖) colonies until populations recover.”可知，被提议来保护非洲企鹅的其他的措施是阻止人们在企鹅繁殖的地方捕鱼。故选B。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Gordon Ramsay is a brilliant cook，an entertaining TV star，an author and a multi-millionaire businessman.Here are Gordon Ramsay's top five tips for success. Self-discipline (自律) 1.______ He told an interviewer，“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself.I've never had dinner in my own restaurant.I've never sat and had a glass of champagne (香槟) with customers.” Be a boss，not a friend Gordon is definitely not in business to make friends.And this is good management，according to experts.They say you should try to earn your staff's respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.2. _______ By being a strong leader. Treat your staff well 3. ______ And although we don't often see it on his TV shows，Gordon does give employees positive feedback (反馈).An expert writes，“Gordon has a highly-motivated workforce—something that many managers struggle to achieve.” Communicate clearly Gordon is certainly not afraid to say what he thinks! In one episode(集) of Kitchen Nightmares (the TV show where Gordon helps save struggling restaurants)，a head cook and a head waiter had stopped talking to one another.Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business.4. _______ The two started communicating again and business improved. Learn from your mistakes Gordon admits that he has failed in the past，but says he always learns from his mistakes.He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals.5. _______ So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success. A．And how do you earn respect? B．How do you define a good restaurant? C．So he made them sit down and work out their differences. D．Not everyone is convinced that Gordon is a good businessman. E．Gordon may be hard on others，but he's also very hard on himself. F．People only came for special occasions rather than everyday dinners. G．Gordon makes staff feel like they're an important part of the business. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了名厨戈登·拉姆齐的成功秘诀。 　　Gordon Ramsay is a brilliant cook，an entertaining TV star，an author and a multi-millionaire businessman. Here are Gordon Ramsay's top five tips for success. 　　Self-discipline (自律) 　　1.__________________________________________________________ He told an interviewer，“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself. I've never had dinner in my own restaurant.I've never sat and had a glass of champagne (香槟) with customers.” E．Gordon may be hard on others，but he's also very hard on himself. 根据下文中的“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself...with customers.”可知，戈登·拉姆齐非常自律，他从不会在自己的餐厅用餐，设空处应该与他对自己要求非常严格有关，故E项符合语境。E项内容与下文中的Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself相呼应。 　　Be a boss，not a friend 　　Gordon is definitely not in business to make friends.And this is good management，according to experts.They say you should try to earn your staff's respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.2.________________ ________________ By being a strong leader. 根据上文中的“They say you should try to earn your staff's respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.”和下文中的“By being a strong leader.”可知，设空处应该与如何可以得到员工的尊重有关，故A项符合语境。A项中的respect与上文中的respect为原词复现关系。 A．And how do you earn respect? 　　Treat your staff well 　　3._____________________________________________________________ And although we don't often see it on his TV shows，Gordon does give employees positive feedback (反馈).An expert writes，“Gordon has a highly-motivated workforce—something that many managers struggle to achieve.” 根据该段小标题Treat your staff well和下文中的“Gordon does give employees positive feedback(反馈)”可知，设空处应该与戈登·拉姆齐如何善待员工有关，故G项符合语境。G项内容与该段小标题Treat your staff well以及下文中的“Gordon does give employees positive feedback(反馈)”相呼应。 G．Gordon makes staff feel like they're an important part of the business. 　　Communicate clearly 　　Gordon is certainly not afraid to say what he thinks! In one episode(集) of Kitchen Nightmares (the TV show where Gordon helps save struggling restaurants)，a head cook and a head waiter had stopped talking to one another. Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business. 4._____________________________________________________ The two started communicating again and business improved. C．So he made them sit down and work out their differences. 根据上文中的“Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business.”和下文中的“The two started communicating again and business improved.”可知，设空处与戈登·拉姆齐如何帮助两人进行有效沟通有关，故C项符合语境。C项中的them指代上文中的“a head cook and a head waiter”，且C项中的“sit down and work out their differences”与上文中的communication和下文中的communicating相呼应。 　　Learn from your mistakes 　　Gordon admits that he has failed in the past，but says he always learns from his mistakes. He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals.5._________________________________________________ ________________So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success. 根据上文中的“He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals.”和下文中的“So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success.”可知，设空处应提及戈登·拉姆齐在苏格兰开的饭店不接地气，故F项符合语境。F项内容与上文中的“it was too fancy for the locals”相呼应。 F．People only came for special occasions rather than everyday dinners. Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·安徽省部分学校高二12月联考) 　　In Brevard County，Florida，a wonderful movement is taking place—painting rocks.It has brought great joy and 1 through a simple act. 　　Jen Justiniano began painting rocks as a way to 2 anxiety after a hurricane and posting photos of her 3 on Facebook.At the same time，Carrie Cerve was encouraging others to spread 4 on Facebook.When Cerve came across Justiniano's rock posts，she was 5 ． “I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness，throw out some 6 that you，as one person，can influence others，” Cerve told Florida Today. The two women got in touch and soon 7 a private Facebook group called Brevard Rocks FL. 8 ，they thought it would be a small circle of friends.But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500. The 9 is simple yet powerful：members paint rocks with messages like “Be kind” “Fighting” and “Cheer up”，and then 10 them somewhere unexpected around the community.Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of 11 ，leading them to join the group and share their stories. 　　This growing community has 12 the power of small acts of kindness and the far-reaching effect they can make. 13 with a few painted rocks，it has turned into a movement that's 14 spirits and spreading love across Brevard County and beyond.As the group 15 to grow，so does the impact of their simple act of painting rocks. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在佛罗里达州的布里瓦德县，瑟夫和珍·贾斯蒂尼亚诺创建私人群Brevard Rocks FL，群成员通过在石头上作画传播正能量来激励他人，这个群快速壮大，在石头上作画这一简单行为的影响也越来越大。 1．A．ambition B．acceptance C．connection D．peace √ 根据后文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”以及“it has turned into a movement that's spirits and spreading love across Brevard County and beyond”可知，简单的举动带来了巨大的快乐和联系。故选C。 2．A．deal with B．account for C．weigh up D．check out 3．A．followers B．trainers C．partners D．creations 根据前文“Jen Justiniano began painting rocks”可知，珍·贾斯蒂尼亚诺开始在石头上画画，并把自己所创作的石头画的图片发布在Facebook上，故选D。 √ √ 根据后文“anxiety after a hurricane”可知，在石头上作画是为了应对飓风过后的焦虑。故选A。 4．A．fairness B．kindness C．beauty D．teamwork √ 根据后文“I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness”可知，Carrie Cerve鼓励其他人在Facebook上传播善意。故选B。 5．A．confused B．questioned C．inspired D．amused 根据后文“I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness，throw out some that you，as one person，can influence others”可知，看到了贾斯蒂尼亚诺在Facebook上发布的岩石帖子时，Cerve受到了启发，从中获得了灵感。故选C。 √ 6．A．decisions B．reminders C．conclusions D．methods √ 根据后文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’，and then them somewhere unexpected around the community. Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of ，leading them to join the group and share their stories.”可知，此处指运用石头画来提醒人们你一个人也可以影响他人。故选B。 7．A．established B．guided C．tested D．quit √ 根据后文“a private Facebook group called Brevard Rocks FL”可知，她们在Facebook上建立了一个名为Brevard Rocks FL的私人群。故选A。 8．A．Additionally B．Fortunately C．Originally D．Undoubtedly √ 根据后文“they thought it would be a small circle of friends”以及后文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”可知，起初她们认为这将是一个小的朋友圈，但是在几周内，该组织的成员就增长到了1 000人。故选C。 9．A．confirmation B．observation C．response D．concept √ 根据后文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’，and then them somewhere unexpected around the community.Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of ，leading them to join the group and share their stories.”可知，此处阐述了这个私人群创建的理念：群成员在石头上写上积极的信息，然后藏在社区周围，发现石头的人通常会有一种感激之情，这让他们会加入这个群分享自己的故事。故选D。 10．A．place B．improve C．admire D．judge √ 根据后文“them somewhere unexpected around the community”可知，此处指把石头放在社区周围意想不到的地方。故选A。 11．A．honor B．pride C．responsibility D．appreciation √ 根据前文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’”以及后文“leading them to join the group and share their stories”可知，石头上写着正能量的、鼓励他人的信息，那些发现石头的人通常会有一种感激之情，从而让他们加入这个群体，分享他们的故事。故选D。 12．A．recovered B．involved C．demonstrated D．strengthened √ 根据后文“the power of small acts of kindness and the far-reaching effect they can make”可知，此处指这个不断壮大的群已经证明了小小的善举的力量和它们所能产生的深远影响。故选C。 13．A．Experimenting B．Beginning C．Competing D．Interacting 根据第一段中“In Brevard County，Florida，a wonderful movement is taking place—painting rocks.”以及前文内容可知，这两位女士所创建的私人群从几块彩绘岩石开始，现在已经变成了一场振奋人们精神、传播爱的运动，故选B。 √ 14．A．lifting B．shaking C．shaping D．challenging 根据前文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’”以及后文“spirits and spreading love”可知，这场由彩绘岩石开始的运动正在振奋人们的精神、传播爱。故选A。 √ 15．A．promises B．continues C．struggles D．happens 根据前文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”以及后文“to grow，so does the impact of their simple act of painting rocks”可知，此处指随着这个群继续不断壮大，他们在石头上作画这一简单行为的影响也越来越大。故选B。 √ 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 返回 $