UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术；对社会有突出贡献的人物 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 1．To raise new questions，new possibilities，to regard old problems from a new angle，requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题、发现新的可能、从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦&利奥波德·英费尔德 2．The attitude of science is being practical and realistic.—Qian Xuesen 科学的态度是实事求是。 ——钱学森 单元话题导入 3．Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. —Thomas Edison 生活中的许多失败都是因为人们在放弃的时候没有意识到他们离成功有多近。 ——托马斯·爱迪生 4．If I have seen further than others，it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants. —Isaac Newton 如果说我比别人看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。——艾萨克·牛顿 5．A successful scientist must be a genius and very intelligent. 一个成功的科学家一定是天才，而且非常聪明。 6．Nature cannot avoid the eye of the scientists. 大自然无法躲避科学家的慧眼。 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking —Reading comprehension 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 课堂检测　知效果 2 课时测评 3 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Discuss and answer the following question. Do you know some Chinese scientists who fight against infectious diseases? Who are they? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yes，I know some scientists，who have made great contributions to the fight against some deadly infectious diseases.They are Zhang Boli，Chen Wei，and Wang Chen. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text? A．How John Snow became a well-known doctor in London. B．How John Snow found out the cause and defeated cholera. C．How John Snow changed the way scientists studied diseases. D．How John Snow stopped all people from catching cholera. √ Ⅱ．Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　 A．John Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs. Para.2 B．The impact of John Snow's work on reducing the threat of cholera and his role as the father of modern epidemiology. Para.3 C．The fear of cholera and John Snow's frustration with the lack of preventive measures. Para.4 D．John Snow's investigation and discovery of the polluted water pump as the source of the disease. Para.5 E．The link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies was shown. Ⅲ．Read for the structure deadly　 cause　 outbreak　 marked　 research clean　 defeated Ⅳ．Read for details 1．Why was John Snow upset at first? A．He lost hope to cure cholera. B．He couldn't become a good doctor. C．He didn't attend to the queen well. D．He couldn't treat cholera. 2．What was the key to finding the evidence? A．The government. B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C．The water company. D．The map marked by Snow. √ √ 3．What was John Snow's attitude when facing“King Cholera”？ A．Negative. B．Determined. C．Unconcerned. D．Indifferent. 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A newspaper. B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A TV interview. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ．难句解构 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _____________________________ 霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ______________________ 他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ______________________ 这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水运到她家里来。 Ⅱ．写作佳句 1．教材佳句　As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(心理描写——沮丧) 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 学后仿写　简是如此沮丧，以至于眼泪不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌下来。 ________________________ tears poured down her cheeks without control. So frustrated was Jane that 2．教材佳句　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...引导结果状语从句) 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 学后仿写　他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(紧张心理描写) He was ______________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. so nervous that 3．教材佳句　Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(saw意为“经历；目睹”，本句运用拟人修辞手法) 经过斯诺不懈的努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度减少。 学后仿写　日日夜夜，我专注于观察我们身边的青少年，耐心地采访他们。(2022·浙江1月高考) ______________________________ to observing teenagers around us and interviewing them patiently. 返回 Days and nights saw my devotion 课堂检测　知效果 返回 Ⅰ．课文重点词块默写 1．___________　　　　　　　 死于 2．_________________ 变得沮丧 3．___________ 同意；赞同 4．_________ 照料；处理 5．__________ 通常，一般来说 6．_____________________ 决心做某事 7．________ 发现；查明；弄清 8．_______________________ 由于这个证据 9．_________________ 可能做某事 10．_________________________ 通过某人不懈的努力 die from/of　 become frustrated　 subscribe to attend to　 in general　 be determined to do sth find out　 as a result of this evidence be likely to do sth through one's tireless efforts Ⅱ．课文经典句式默写 1．As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew _____________________ cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 2．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，__________________________________________________________． 霍乱曾经是世界上最为可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。 3．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _____________ more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。 返回 how to prevent or treat until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome so severe that 课时精练 返回 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2025·江西省景德镇市高二上学期期末) It is that time of the year，when a handful of world's leading scholars，social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort—the Nobel Prize. Here's a look at who has won the prize and for what. Physiology or Medicine Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year，for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting，sequencing，and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones. Physics Alain Aspect，John F．Clauser and Anton Zeilinger's work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France，Clauser from the U．S，and Zeilinger from Austria，the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team.“Their results have cleared the way for new technology，” the committee stated. Chemistry “The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio，Carolyn R．Bertozzi from the U．S.，Morten Meldal from Denmark and K．Barry Sharpless from the U．S.for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry，” the committee stated. Dr.Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize，while Dr.Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. 　　Economics 　　“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists，Ben S．Bernanke，Douglas W．Diamond and Philip H．Dybvig for research on banks and financial crises，” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.By studying the history of American economics，particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s，they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank's impact on societal functions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。 1．What prize is related to the research with bones? A．Chemistry. B．Physiology or Medicine. C．Economics. D．Physics. 细节理解题。根据Physiology or Medicine中的“He is well-known for extracting，sequencing，and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.”可知，生理学或医学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选B。 √ 2．For what reason were Ben S．Bernanke，Douglas W．Diamond，and Philip H．Dybvig awarded the Prize in Economic Sciences? A．For their work in ancient DNA studies. B．For their work in quantum technology. C．For their research on banks and financial crises. D．For the development of click chemistry. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists，Ben S．Bernanke，Douglas W．Diamond and Philip H．Dybvig for research on banks and financial crises，’the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.”可知，Ben S．Bernanke，Douglas W．Diamond和Philip H．Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机的研究获奖。故选C。 3．What can be inferred from the article about the Nobel Prizes? A．All winners are from the same country. B．The Nobel Prizes are only awarded to individuals，not teams. C．The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is not as prestigious as the others. D．The Nobel Prizes recognize significant contributions across various fields. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It is that time of the year，when a handful of world's leading scholars，social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort—the Nobel Prize.”可推知，诺贝尔奖用于表彰各个领域的重大贡献。故选D。 √ B (2025·山东省枣庄市高二上学期期末) Carl Wilhelm Scheele ranks as one of the greatest scientists of all time，but he paid a big price for this honor. Born in 1742 in present-day Germany，Scheele learned about chemicals from his parents starting at a young age.When he was 14，he was sent away to Gothenburg (哥德堡) to become the apprentice (学徒) of a family friend.There he spent eight years studying chemistry and conducting experiments late into the night.Next，Scheele moved around the Holy Roman Empire，working for different chemists and becoming more learned in his trade.In 1767，he moved to Stockholm，where he discovered tartaric acid (酒石酸). After three years in Stockholm，he became the director of the Locke Laboratory. It was there，while he was analyzing a strange reaction，that Scheele became the first person to identify oxygen. He called the element “fire air” because he believed，based on the theories of his time，that a substance that made up fire was released from items when they burned. Scheele believed oxygen to be this substance，not understanding that oxygen is merely an element that facilitates (促进) the chemical reaction that is fire. As historic as this discovery was，Scheele seldom got credit for it，largely because English scientist Joseph Priestley published findings on oxygen before Scheele，even though it is now generally accepted that Scheele made the actual discovery first. Through his work，he thus exposed himself to many harmful materials. These chemicals had a deadly effect on Scheele，and he eventually died of kidney failure in 1786. 　　Sadly，in spite of his many achievements and the fact that he gave his life to chemistry，Carl Wilhelm Scheele is often forgotten in the history of science. Though he discovered many elements before other better-known scientists did，his unwillingness to both attend meetings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and to publish his work allowed other scientists to take credit for discoveries that he had made. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家Carl Wilhelm Scheele的生平和主要成就。 4．Who first taught Chemistry to Scheele? A．His parents. B．Joseph Priestley. C．His family friend. D．The Holy Roman Empire. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Born in 1742 in present-day Germany，Scheele learned about chemicals from his parents starting at a young age.”可知，第一个教Scheele化学的是他的父母。故选A。 √ 5．When did Scheele probably discover oxygen? A．In 1745. B．In 1767. C．In 1770. D．In 1789. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 1767，he moved to Stockholm，where he discovered tartaric acid(酒石酸).”和第三段“After three years in Stockholm，he became the director of the Locke Laboratory.It was there，while he was analyzing a strange reaction，that Scheele became the first person to identify oxygen.”可推知，Scheele可能是1770年发现氧气的，故选C。 √ 6．What do the underlined words “the element” refer to? A．Oxygen. B．Tartaric acid. C．The strange reaction. D．The chemical experiment. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scheele became the first person to identify oxygen”和画线词后的“Scheele believed oxygen to be this substance”可推知，画线词指代“氧气”。故选A。 √ 7．What can we learn about Scheele from the text? A．He has been world-famous since the 1700s. B．He actually died due to his dangerous work. C．He discovered oxygen later than Joseph Priestley. D．He thought his findings were not valuable at all. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Through his work，he thus exposed himself to many harmful materials. These chemicals had a deadly effect on Scheele，and he eventually died of kidney failure in 1786.”可推知，Scheele实际上是由于他的危险工作而死的。故选B。 √ C In today's world，it can feel like our entire lives take place in front of a screen. Whether we're texting friends or laughing at TikToks，our digital devices are always close.However，these devices can impact the well-being of our planet. Every device uses electricity.Much of that power comes from burning fossil fuels (化石燃料).As a result，each device leaves a trace of climate-warming gases，usually carbon dioxide，or CO2. The CO2 emissions from any product or activity depend on how much energy goes into making，using or doing something.For example，flying a plane uses a lot more liquid fuel than driving a car.And riding a bike uses no gas or diesel (柴油)！The same idea applies to our devices，says Jessica McLean，who studies how people，technology and the environment interact. How we use a device affects how much energy it consumes，she says.Just like different types of transportation produce different amounts of pollution，so do different types of online activities. Video streaming leads to more CO2 emissions than other forms of screen use，McLean points out.To stream something，your device must access data held at some big computer center.It could be half a world away from you.When we hit play，our devices request lots of those data to fly—faster than lightning—to our devices.The same process happens when we open our email. But video or big image files used in streaming are much larger and more energy-intensive (耗能的) than the simple text of an email. 　　Luckily，there are small steps we all can take to lower the climate impacts of our digital lives.Mike Hazas，a professor of human-computer interaction，says that one way to make greener use of our devices is to keep them as long as possible. We shouldn't trade in a device for a newer version (型号) so frequently，Hazas notes.Not even for a more efficient，greener model.“That is by far going to have much more impact，” he says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子设备产生的碳足迹不容小觑。我们要从小事做起，打造绿色数字生活。 8．How does the author start the text? A．By giving an example. B．By describing a scene. C．By stating his experience. D．By expressing his opinion. 推理判断题。第一段的前两句指出：如今，我们的整个生活好像都在屏幕前展开。无论是给朋友发短信，还是被短视频逗笑，数字设备总是离我们很近。由此可推知，作者通过描写一种常见的情景来引入话题。 √ 9．What does Jessica McLean explain in Paragraph 2? A．Promoting green travel is vital. B．Certain daily routines save energy. C．Technology has a positive impact on society. D．Our digital choices come with a climate cost. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“How we use...online activities.”可知，Jessica McLean指出，我们使用电子设备的方式会影响它消耗的能源量。就像不同类型的交通工具造成的污染量是不同的，不同类型的在线活动也会造成不同程度的污染。由此可推知，我们在数字生活里做出的选择会带来气候成本。 √ 10．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Carbon emissions have far-ranging effects. B．Streaming videos requires substantial energy. C．Bigger computer centers ensure easier data access. D．Digital devices are transforming how we communicate. 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了刷视频需要消耗大量的能源。 √ 11．What does Mike Hazas suggest? A．Cut down your screen time. B．Make your computer more efficient. C．Replace your digital device less often. D．Select a more eco-friendly phone model. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We shouldn't trade in a device for a newer version(型号) so frequently”可知，Mike Hazas提出的建议是降低更换数字设备的频率。 √ D (2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高二上学期期末) From rolling hills to mountain ranges，views make any road trip memorable，but for blind passenger this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that.It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project—to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers away to feel nature's beauty through their car windows. The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera.With just a press of a button，the system takes a picture of the current view.The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights，which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image，its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they're seeing. “As the prototype started taking shape，we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling，” Federico Russo，one director of GTB Roma，said.“When the idea was at its first stage，we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars.It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways. 　　The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle.It's known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another.It's unclear when this technology will be made available.However，the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，帮助盲人感受旅途中的风景，带给盲人全新的旅行体验。 12．How does the smart car window work? A．By changing shades of colors. B．By recording the view with a camera. C．By classifying shaking movements. D．By translating scenery into vibrations. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The prototype (原型)...provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it.”可知，智能车窗通过将风景转化为振动来工作。故选D。 √ 13．What does Federico Russo say about the technology? A．It will have wide application. B．It will be tested across the world. C．It will be used in schools first. D．It will understand many languages. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars.It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”可知，Federico Russo认为这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车，还可以作为一种多种用途的工具引入盲人学校和为盲人服务的机构。由此可推知，Federico Russo认为这项技术有广泛的应用价值。故选A。 √ 14．What difficulty is Ford facing? A．Developing autonomous cars. B．Exploring their future business model. C．Providing route information. D．Applying the technology to everyday life. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It's known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another.”可知，福特公司正在努力弄清楚自动驾驶汽车如何为不同乘客提供从一个目的地到另一个目的地所需的信息。由此可知，福特公司面临的一个难题是提供路线信息。故选C。 √ 15．Which can be the best title for the text? A．AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road Trips　 B．Smart Window Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views C．Technology Makes the Blind's Trip Enjoyable D．Ford Develops a System for the Blind to Drive 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，这种智能车窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的风景，故选B。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·广东省深圳高级中学高二上期末) Talking with your doctor Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.1._____ ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude. 2._____Think teamwork! Think positive! ●Keep track of how you are feeling. 3._____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way. ● 4._____ Your medical history is a list of your illnesses，treatments，what the doctors told you to do，and anything else you think your doctor should know.Also，if you are allergic(过敏)to any medicines，be sure to mention that to your doctor. ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5._____ Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question.If you don't understand the answer to a question，ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand. A．This will make getting answers easier. B．Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C．You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work. D．Before your doctor's visit，keep notes on how you are feeling. E．Remember，your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. F．Bring your medical history，including a list of your current medicines. G．Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了与医生谈话的几个小建议。 Talking with your doctor 　　Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 1._______________ _____________________________ B．Here are some 根据文章第一段可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉更好，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文介绍的几条具体的建议可知，B项符合语境，故选B。 tips for talking with your doctor. 　　●Stay positive. 　　Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude. 2.____________________ _____________________________________ Think teamwork! Think positive! 根据文章第二段teamwork可知，E项“Remember，your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.”符合语境，故选E。 E．Remember，your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. 　　●Keep track of how you are feeling. 　　3.__________________________________________________________ This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way. D．Before your doctor's visit，keep notes on how you are feeling. 根据空格后内容可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故选D。 　　● 4.________________________________________________________ ____________ 　　Your medical history is a list of your illnesses，treatments，what the doctors told you to do，and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also，if you are allergic(过敏)to any medicines，be sure to mention that to your doctor. F．Bring your medical history，including a list of your current 根据下文可知，你的病史是你的疾病、治疗、医生告诉你做什么以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你对任何药物过敏的话，你也要提一下。由此可知，这是关于病史和清单的，故F项“Bring your medical history，including a list of your current medicines.”符合语境，故选F。 medicines. 　　●Ask questions. 　　Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5._______________ _________________________Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question，ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand. A．This will make getting answers easier. 根据空格前内容可知，不要害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清单去你的预约。根据“Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question.If you don't understand the answer to a question，ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢的问题。如果你不明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。故A项符合语境，故选A。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 返回 $