Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：XB1 U2-2 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：greet 用法解析及拓展： greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→ greeting n.祝词;贺词;问候(语) greet sb. with a smile/ kiss 微笑地/用吻和某人打招呼 be greeted with … 受到…反映 exchange greetings 互相问候　 send/offer one's best greetings to sb. 代某人向某人问候 His speech was greeted with cheers. 他的演说受到喝彩。 知识点2：suitable 用法解析及拓展： suitable a. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→ unsuitable opp.不合适的 →suit vt. 适合 be suitable for... 适合做　 I don’t have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在晚会上穿的衣服。 Not all men are suitable for that kind of work. 不是所有的人都适合从事那类工作 知识点3：distant 用法解析及拓展： distant a. (距离)遥远的, 远处的; (时间)久远的；(心理)冷淡的,不友好的；[只用于名词前]远亲的→close opp.→distance n. 距离；相隔；冷淡 a distant journe远游 in the distant past 在往昔，在遥远的过去 Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. Pat在电话里听起来非常冷淡和疏远。 A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. 远亲不如近邻。 in the distance 在远处 at a distance 隔开一定的距离 keep sb. at a distance 疏远某人，冷待某人 知识点4：stare 用法解析及拓展： stare v. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 凝视，注视 stare at sb. / sth. 盯着看… stare into the sky 凝视天空 stare up at sb. / sth. 抬头凝视　 stare into the distance 凝视远方 stare sb up and down上下打量某人 give sb a rude stare无礼地盯着某人 知识点5：breath 用法解析及拓展： breath n. 呼吸;气息→breathless a. 气喘吁吁的;呼吸急促的→breathlessly ad.上气不接下气地;气喘吁吁地→breathe vi＆vt呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 catch one’s breath 缓一口气;歇口气 hold one‘s breath 屏息; 憋住气 out of breath 上气不接下气 draw in a breath of fresh air 吸一口清新的空气 breathe in 吸气;吸入 breathe out 呼气;呼出 知识点6：unusual 用法解析及拓展： unusual a. 不寻常的,独特的 → usual opp.→ unusually ad. 异常地稀罕地 an unusual voice独特的嗓音 put sb. in an unusual position 把某人安排到特殊的岗位 It is unusual for you to catch a cold on hot days. 在大热天感冒实在少见。 知识点7：grab 用法解析及拓展： grab vt. (grabbed-grabbed) 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧(非正式用语)(因忙碌而)匆忙地吃/喝 grab/catch/get one’s attention to sth. 吸引某人对某事的关注 grab the opportunity/chance 抓住机会 grab sth. from sb. 从某人处夺取某物 grab at sth./sb. =make a grab for … 向…抓去 知识点8：sweep 用法解析及拓展： sweep vt. &vi.(swept-swept) 横扫; 掠过; (暴风雨等)袭击; 席卷;扫,打扫; 扫除; 吹走；清除 sweep the floor/ the dust 扫地/扫去灰尘 Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节 sweep up 打扫; 清扫 sweep away消灭;彻底消除 A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday. 昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。 知识点9：accompany 用法解析及拓展： accompany vt. 陪伴,陪同; 伴随，与…同时发生；为…伴奏→ company n.陪伴；公司 accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某处 accompany sb = keep/bear sb company = keep company with sb陪伴某人 accompany sb. on sth. 为某人在…伴奏 Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult. 不满14岁的孩子必须有大人陪同。 知识点10：expectation 用法解析及拓展： expectation n.预料；期望 →expect vt. 预料；期望 live/come up to /meet one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望 in expectation of … 以期，指望…(做状语) We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery. 我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。 【同步语法梳理】 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 概念:动网-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式。包括现在分词. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态： 时态/语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语,宾语、表语和定语。现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。 Saying in one thing. and doing is another. 说是一回事，而做是另一回事。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 [名师点津] (1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 To lie to her in wrong.对她撒谎不对。 (2)动名词作主语时，请请动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。 用所给词的适当形式填空。 此类句式常见的有: It is a waste of time doing.. ... 做....是浪费时间的。 It is no good/ use doing.. .. 做.....是没用的。 It is worthwhile doing.. 做....是值得的。 It is useless doing. .. .. 做...没有用。 It is no fun doing.. 做...没有乐趣。 (1)It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没用的。 (2)It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。 (3)It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to give up playing computer games. 试图说服他放弃玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 (4)It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel. 读这样一本精彩的小说是值得的。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语。 1.作动词的宾语 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的的动词可用于下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期(avoid.miss,postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise/ suggest,finish,practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind) Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。 He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2.作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词-ing形式做宾语的动词短语有：insist- on,object to,be good at,be fond of,lead to,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,devote...to,get/be used to,pay- attention to,be worth等。 (1)He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 (2)I will be careful to avoid making the same mistakes in my study. 我会小心避免在我的学习中犯同样的错误。 (3)While going shopping, people sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying something they don’t need. 在购物时，人们总是会不由自主的被说服去买他们不需要的东西。 (4)The boy was lucky to escape being punished. 那男孩幸免于难。 (5)It is useful for someone who is trying to give up smoking. 这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。 3.在有些动词的后面，如：start,begin,continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式做宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。 4.在love.hate,prefer,like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作.用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。 He preferred staying in the house when it rained. 下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语,指每逢天下雨都待在家里。) I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语,表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。) He likes swimming but he doesn't like to swim this afternoon. 他喜欢游泳,但今天下午他不喜欢游泳。 5. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同，需见的有: 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做....... doing 忘记做过..... remember to do 记着要去做.... doing 记得做过..... regret to do 遗憾/抱歉做过... doing 后悔做了...... try to do 尽力做... doing 尝试做.... mean to do 打算做.... doing 意味着..... go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做某件事 doing 停止做某事 Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 I mean to change it for another one. 我想换一个新的。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了火车意味着要再等一个小时。 I regret to tell you that my sister regrets lying to you last night. 我很遗憾地告诉你，我姐姐后悔昨天晚上向你撒谎了。 6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing =need/want/require/deserve to be done (1)The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修一下。 (2)The question deserved discussing. =The question deserved to be discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。 三、动词-ing形式的否定形式 动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。 You have no excuse for not going. 你没有理由不去。 He was punished for not having done his homework. 他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。 I'm sorry for not having kept my promise. 对不起，我没有遵守我的诺言。 四、动词-ing形式的复合结构 动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing,即"sb./sb. 's十doing"构 成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语，动词-ing 形式的复合结构有四种形式: ①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing ②名词's+动词-ing ③代词宾格十动词-ing ④名词+动词-ing Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home? 你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗? His father's being ill made him worried. 他父亲病了,使他很担心。 [名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。 (2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。 Tom's winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一.等奖使我印象深刻。 Do you mind my me Jack' s/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗? 【精题精练精讲】 一、基础巩固 I．单词拼写 1．The results of the experiment confirmed our________(预测)． 2．As far as I’m concerned，there is no sense in getting _______(烦恼) about it now. 3．With the supplies running out，the explorers have to _______ （放弃）their adventure activities on the mysterious island. 4．Though too old to work much，the retired worker is ________（热情的） about neighborhood affairs. 5．The key to his longevity(长寿) was partly due to his _________(决心) to bring in more to the world. 6. Regardless of what the outcome is，I will be optimistic rather than _______（沮丧的）. 7．As for crowds，a study found that they increased a restaurant’s ________(名声)，suggesting great food at fair prices. 8．If only we had had your help and professional instruction，we would have done more__________ (精彩) in the oral English competition. 9. Please accept this gift in a______________ of all you’ve done for us. 10.G is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. II.单句语法填空 1．Don’t upset yourself ________ it—let’s just pretend it never happened. 2．When she saw a car coming，she tried ________(desperate) to push the boy away. 3．As far as I know，they have abandoned ________(carry) out the research for lack of statistics. 4．What makes her disgusting is that she has a preference for showing off her ________(possess)． 5．What shaped the present Curry is totally up to his own _________(determine) and hard work. 6．The children climbed up to the top of the mountain，________(feel) tired and exhausted. 7．Even if you are a_______(gift) man，you should not take your gift for granted.Make full use of it and you’ll succeed. 8．Though young and lacking in experience，the actor is ____ ease with these famous film stars. 9. The car is in _________________ (remarkable) good condition for its age. 10. By the end of last term, we ________________ (learn) 5,000 English words. III.短语填空 be aware of；break into；be determined to；a variety of; upset about/over/at ; with ease；all of a sudden；in possession of；have a great gift for; in combination with 1．Thanks to your timely help，we were able to finish the work ________. 2．Though there was thunder and lightning outdoors，she _________ leave home at dusk. 3．Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers _________your house. 4．The earthquake happened _________ on a dark night. 5．While surfing the Internet，he learned that Canada is a vast country _________ a small population. 6．Although it seems to be interesting to go online，it is vital for us to _______ the potential danger it can bring us. 7．There is no denying that there are _____ festivals in China，among which the Spring Festival stands out. 8. After the incident, he had to reach his goal ______________ a local company. 9. She was deeply ______________the way the vet treated the German on purpose at dusk. 10. The boy，who ____________ languages and persuasion，is said to be able to communicate with foreigners fluently. 1. predictions 2. upset 3. abandon 4.enthusiastic 5.determination 6.depressed 7. reputation 8 brilliantly 9. appreciation 10.Genius 1.about/over/at 2.desperately 3.carrying 4 possessions 5.determination 6.feeling 7.gifted 8.at 9.remarkably 10.had learned 1.with ease 2.was determined to 3.breaking into 4.all of a sudden 5. in possession of 6.be aware of 7.a variety of 8. in combination with ; 9. upset about/over/at 10. had a great gift for 【能力拓展训练】 七选五(共5题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Think back to your last presentation. ____1____ And were they engaged in what you were saying? While you may think yourself to be a great speaker, it is not particularly hard to annoy your audience. Here are the top three of annoying habits in a presentation: reading the presentation (37%), having no knowledge of the subject matter (22%), using many “umms” and “uhhs” (16%). So here are some tips to help you avoid these annoying mistakes. The most annoying presentation habit is also one of the easiest to fall victim to. With a visual aid, you tend to look back and read what you have already written. ____2____ By reading your slides, you show no additional information, and therefore give your audience no reason to keep listening once they have finished reading the slide themselves. One guideline I find especially effective is to ensure each slide has no more than six main points, and no more than six words per point. ____3____ When in practice, having slides with flexible layouts and proper pictures is equally important. ____4____ The more prepared you are, the better you can effectively avoid sounding like you’ve never even heard of your topic before. So in order to show your audience you know your stuff, getting ready will make all the difference. The third most annoying habit was using many “umms” and “uhhs”, a symptom of not communicating effectively. This could be a result of stage fright, but more often than not these interjections (感叹词) happen unconsciously. ____5____ One tip for avoiding this is to practice your presentation multiple times beforehand, out loud. The more you practice, the more likely you can catch yourself before letting the “umms” and “uhhs” slip out. A. Was it boring? B. Were people interested? C. It helps you to save your time. D. This stops you overloading your slides with information. E. Despite how innocent they seem, they can ruin your credibility. F. Avoiding another annoying habit comes down to one factor: preparation. G. However, all this shows is that you can do what your audience can as well. 完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I still remember my father’s sheepish(窘迫的)expression at breakfast the morning after he’d been invited to have dinner at a colleague’s house. ____1____ arriving in Brazil, back in the dark ages of computing, he’d ____2____ his hosts by making a hand gesture(手势)which he had always understood to mean “OK”, but in Brazil, it meant something quite different. Even worse, he’d raised his fingers to his lips and made a kissing sound, which again, he meant as a way of ____3____ that something——in this case the meal he’d just been asked to ____4____——was delicious. The faux pas(失礼)was ____5____ forgotten. My father’s colleague and his wife understood he probably wasn’t yet ____6____ of the local meaning of the gesture. I was ____7____ of this moment myself a few months into my stay in China. After ____8____ a colleague’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant “keep fighting”, a second colleague appeared. “The Chinese version is a bit different,” she said, “See these characters?” They mean “I will hit you.” Life is full of ____9____ meanings. We generally understand that even if it stings, a mistake is only an insult(冒犯)when it is ____10____. Intention, much like possession, is nine-tenths of this law. ____11____ as we look around, much friction(争执)originates from misunderstanding, and history is full of the ____12____ results of crossed communication. My father’s faux pas was ____13____ because of context—he had just arrived, he could not know, and it didn’t make sense that he’d be offensive(无礼的)by design. But when context is ____14____ or differently understood—perhaps it is time we all think twice before typing or talking, especially when the consequences can be much ____15____ than the misuse of a WeChat sticker. 1. A. Freshly B. Gradually C. Eventually D. Originally 2. A. embarrassed B. impressed C. frightened D. defeated 3. A. permitting B. emphasizing C. indicating D. sharing 4. A. go through B. comment on C. reflect on D. refer to 5. A. occasionally B. mostly C. purely D. quickly 6. A. aware B. ashamed C. worthy D. typical 7. A. reminded B. warned C. informed D. convinced 8. A. searching for B. calling for C. replying to D. tuning down 9. A. simple B. precise C. flexible D. crossed 10. A. negative B. intentional C. delicate D. instant 11. A. And B. Yet C. Therefore D. Besides 12. A. unfortunate B. irregular C. illegal D. unlikely 13. A. forgiven B. delivered C. hidden D. remembered 14. A. significant B. missing C. available D. complex 15. A. better B. safer C. funnier D. worse 语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones____1____(base) on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be____2____(flexible) and energy efficient, compared to the previous ones. Chahl’s team used____3____special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance,____4____(make) it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads____5____undertake long observation missions. Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually____6____(reveal) the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even____7____(perform) while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept____8____planes that are designed to glide to____9____(safe) with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer ones_____10_____can right themselves. 【课后巩固训练】 阅读理解 A Madrid’s Incredible Museums CaixaForum CaixaForum is a museum and cultural center that occupies an old power plant. From the outside the building appears to be floating, and there’s a vertical (垂直的) garden with 15,000 plant species growing on the side of one wall. Inside are four floors of paintings, photos, andmultimedia exhibitions, as well as workshops and a theater-auditorium. Even if you don’t enterany exhibitions, it’s worth stopping by to admire the building’s striking outer and innerarchitecture. Hours: 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM daily Free admission: May 15, 18, and November 9 Museo Sorolla This small art gallery is dedicated to the Impressionist painter Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923).The gallery is in his former home and studio, and they’ve preserved the original atmosphere wellso you get a feel for what it was like when he was living and working there. Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 8:00 PM Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays Museo del Romanticismo This small museum focuses on the history and daily life of the Romantic period. The museum recreates the Romantic atmosphere in its room displays with furniture, carpets, jewelry, paintings, and other antiques of the time period. Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 6:30 PM Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza The Thyssen Museum began as the Thyssen family’s private collection of seven centuriesof European painting, regarded as one of the most important collections of the last century. In1992, it was converted into a public museum. It has a great variety of artists, styles, and time periods. Hours:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM, Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM Free admission:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM 1. What is special about CaixaForum? A. Its room displays. B. Its historic exhibits. C. Its striking structure. D. Its original atmosphere. 2. When can we visit Musco Sorolla for free? A. 9:30 a.m. Sunday. B. 2:30 p.m. Saturday. C. 6:00 p.m. Tuesday. D. 10:00 a.m. Monday. 3. What can be seen in both Museo Thyssen-Bomnemisza and Museo del Romanticismo? A. Paintings. B. Carpets. C. Jewelry. D. Furniture. B Kenya has been at the forefront(前沿)of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way the unsightly plastic heaps(堆)will soon be transformed into colorful bricks. The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up. She says, “I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The collected plastic is mixed with sand heated at very high temperatures, and compressed(压缩)into bricks that vary in color and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. More importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic. “There is that waste they cannot process anymore; they cannot recycle. That is what we get.” Matee says. Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, the more we created more employment for the youth.” 4. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph imply? A. Plastic waste hasn’t attracted enough attention. B. Matee’s idea has been widely accepted. C. Colorful bricks are in huge demand. D. Matee’s method can be effective if adopted. 5. Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee? A. Generous and ambitious. B. Confident and grateful C. Creative and determined. D. Optimistic and modest. 6. What is Nzambi Matee’s final purpose in using a mix of plastic products? A. To tackle plastic pollution. B. To support the government. C. To create job opportunities. D. To build cheaper houses. 7. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics B. Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste C. Mix of Plastic Products: A New Construction Material D. Plastic Recycling: A Creative Solution to Pollution C Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone”thinks the same way? Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is completely tailored to you and your beliefs, reading along without the immediate realization? A social media echo chamber (回声壁) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices. Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube connect groups of like-minded users together based on shared content preferences. As a result, people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions. Social media companies therefore rely on algorithms (算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention. The algorithms focus on what we “like”, and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us comfortable. In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media, we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our comfort zone. While this becomes increasingly challenging, there are things we can do. The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources. Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, read each thing you see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information. By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions, we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber. 8. What is a result of the social media echo chamber? A. People contact like-minded online users effectively. B. People keep reading for more differing viewpoints. C. People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests. D. People only get information confirming their beliefs. 9. What does “beef up”underlined in paragraph 3 mean? A. Track. B. Improve. C. Provide. D. Identify. 10. Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber? A. Criticizing fake news on social media. B. Exposing ourselves to opposing voices. C. Researching primary sources of information. D. Accepting our present beliefs and opinions. 11. What is the purpose of the text? A. To call on people to use algorithms frequently. B. To ask people not to take in information blindly. C. To promote the use of various social media sites. D. To inform people of new technology developments. D The “little voice in your head” can be your worst critic and greatest supporter. It’s been known to help with directions, give advice, and even remind you to put potatoes on the grocery list. But does everyone have an inner monologue(独白)? For a long time, it was assumed that an inner voice was simply part of being human. But it turns out, that’s not the case—not everyone processes life in words and sentences. “By inner monologue, we mean that we can have private speech that’s addressed to ourselves and that is carried out without any sound,” said Helene Loevenbruck, a senior neurolinguistics researcher at CNRS. With true inner speech, you almost “hear” your inner voice, she told Live Science. You’re aware of its tone and intonation (语调). For example, the voice can “sound” angry or worried. This long-held assumption was first challenged in the late 1990s by Russell Hurlburt, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Hurlburt studied participants’ inner speech by asking them to wear a beeper(传呼机). Whenever the device beeped, they had to write down what they were thinking or experiencing in their mind just before the sound. Perhaps the participant wrote down, “I need to buy some bread.” He would then ask if that’s what they actually thought. “Or did you think ‘bread’? Or were you hungry?” Loevenbruck explained. After several meetings, participants got better at articulating (流利连贯地表达)their true thoughts, she said. Eventually, this method revealed that some people had inner speech every time the device beeped. But others had less inner speech than usual, and some didn’t have inner speech at all. They experienced images, sensations and emotions, but not a voice or words. The lack of an inner monologue has been linked to a condition called aphantasia (心盲症)sometimes called “blindness of the mind’s eye.” People who experience aphantasia can’t mentally picture their bedroom or their mother’s face. Many times, those who don’t experience visualizations don’t experience clear inner speech, either, Loevenbruck noted. 12. What was previously assumed about the inner monologue? A. It rarely existed in humans. B. It could help solve all kinds of problems. C. It was something everyone was born with. D. It was mainly displayed in the form of writing. 13. What does Loevenbruck say about an inner monologue? A. It lacks tone and intonation. B. It is delivered in public. C. It can be heard by others. D. It can convey emotions. 14. What did Hurlburt do in his study? A. He used a beeper to note down participants’ inner speech. B. He required participants to describe their grocery lists. C. He checked participants’ notes and asked about their true thoughts. D. He placed something in participants’ heads to record their inner speech. 15. Why do some people never experience an inner monologue? A. They suffer serious brain damage. B. They cannot distinguish what they see. C. They misunderstand their true thoughts. D. They fail to mentally picture what they see. 应用文写作(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你校正在举办英语作文大赛。请你以“Music and Me”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.听音乐的经历； 2.音乐对你的重要性； 3.你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Music and Me _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $