Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦高一B1 U4-2语法及综合技能，核心涵盖“介词+关系代词”与关系副词引导的定语从句，以及pressure、contribute等词汇短语。课堂导入结合教材原文例句，通过“一先、二动、三意义”原则梳理介词选择规律，对比关系副词与“介词+关系代词”的互换，搭建从初中基础关系代词到高中复杂结构的学习支架。 资料特色在于紧扣教材语境，例题训练针对性强，如定语从句填空及词汇短语应用练习。拓展延伸区分限定词用法，能力拓展含七选五、完形填空等综合题型，课后巩固结合月考真题，助力学生提升语言运用能力，通过辨析与逻辑推理培养思维品质，分层设计也利于发展自主学习策略。

年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U4-2 Grammar - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：... a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night' s rest..…你无忧无虑地睡个好觉的时候…(教材P48) when引导定语从句可以替换成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，when相当于at which 考点提炼：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where,why互换。 This is the office in which I used to work.这就是我过去工作的办公室。 This is the student for whom I bought the book.这是我为其买书的那个学生 I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him. 我远忘不了我第一次见他的那一天。( on the day在那一天) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。( turn to sb. for help向某人寻求帮助) He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied. 他带来了令老板满意的结果。( be satisfied with…对……满意) There are my glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. 这是我的眼镜，没有它我看不清。(根据从句的意义确定介词用without) This is the house in which(= where) I lived two years ago.这就是我两年前住过的房子。 Do you remember the day on which(=when) you joined our club? 你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗? I'd like you to explain the reason for which(= why)you were absent.我想让你解释一下你缺席的原因。 特别提醒： 使用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时要注意以下几点 (1)在此结构中，关系代词只能用whom(先词指人), which(先行词指物), whose(表示所属关系)。 (2)可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (3)介词的确定遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语中谓语动词(或主要形容词)所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 例题训练： ①The also had a small pond which they raised fish. ②He was educated at a local grammar school, which he went to Cambridge University. ③Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends. ④The reason which he was late was that something was wrong with his bike. ⑤The economist whom all of us are familiar will visit our company. Keys：①in ②after ③on/upon ④for ⑤with 知识点2：pressure 原文：One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.晚上睡不好的原因之一是来自学校或工作的压力。(教材P48) pressure n.心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促 under pressure(from.)承受着(来自……的)压力 give in to pressure屈服于压力 pressure of work工作压力 high blood pressure高血压 put pressure on施加压力 press vt.按；压；敦促；催促 press sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事 The youth are usually eager to be rich within a short time and the desire has put them under a lot of pressure. 年轻人往往急于一夜暴富，这种渴望给他们带来很多压力。 Nowadays many young people are under great pressure and often stay up. 如今很多年轻人压力很大，经常熬夜。 They are pressing us to make an immediate decision他们正催促我们立即作出决定。 知识点3：contribute 原文：Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题(教材P48) contribute vt./ vi 是…的原因之一；捐赠，捐款；增加，添加 contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠；投稿 contributor n. 贡献者；投稿者；捐助者 contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致，促成；投稿 contribute … to … 把… 贡献给…；给… 投稿；把…捐赠给… make (great) contributions to 对…做出(巨大的)贡献 We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。 Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 位于带与路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。 Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death. 据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。 These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents. 这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要的作用。 例题训练 ①This book ___________________ our understanding of the subject. 此书对我们了解这门学科助益甚少。 ②She ____________________ to the magazine. 她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。 ③Instead, he___________________helping the community. 相反，他为帮助社区做出了慷慨的贡献。 Keys：①contributes little to ②contributed a number of articles ③made a generous contribution to 知识点4：in the short term 原文：In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired…. 从短期看，有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲劳…。 (教材P48) in the short term从短期看 in the long term (run) 从长远看 in terms of 就...而言；从…方面说 on equal terms 平等；条件相同 be on good/ bad terms with 和…关系好/不好 come to terms with sb和某人达成协议/ 妥协/和解 In the short term, the answer is no. 从短期来看，答案是否定的。 In terms of cost—how much were you thinking of charging? 说到费用，你们想要多少？ One of my friends seems to be on good terms with Sue. 我的一个朋友看起来跟苏处得不错。 例题训练 ①But ___________________, we need to invest in clean, renewable energy. 但从长远来看，我们还需要投资清洁、可再生能源。 ②He stood out ___________________ competence from all his fellows. 他在能力方面比他所有同事都突出。 ③I see your point, but I seem to __________________ them. 我明白你的意思，但是我似乎和他们合不来。 Keys：①in the long term ②in terms of ③be on bad terms with 知识点5：attack 原文：… risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. …记忆力差，超重和心脏病发作的风险。(教材P48) attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击vt./ vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击 attack sb for (doing) sth因（做）某事而责难某人 be attacked with 患病 make an attack on/ against 攻击；袭击；抨击 under attack 受到攻击/ 抨击 a heart attack 一次心脏病发作 She has been attacked for ignoring her own party members. 她因漠视本党党员而受到非难。 He has been attacked with dysentery for three days. 他患痢疾已经三天了。 The commander disposed his forces so as to make an attack on the enemy. 司令官对他的部队做了部署以便进攻敌军。 例题训练 ①The school _______________________ encourage bright pupils. 这所学校因未能鼓励聪明学生而受到非难。 ②He ____________________ his critics. 他对他的批评者们发动了一场全力的攻击。 ③The patrol came _________________ from all sides. 巡逻队受到四面八方的攻击。 Keys：①has come under attack for failing to ②launched an all-out attack on ③under attack 知识点6：Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down… 睡眠不好的青少年可能会出现身体发育减缓的情况。(教材P48) 本句为复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Teenagers; where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situations。 考点提炼：situation做先行词的定语从句 当先行词是stage, situation,case,position等词时，定语从句常用where或 in which 来引导。 You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately. 你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻做出决定。 We're getting to the stage where we can hardly go out together. 我们已经快到几乎难以一起外出的地步了。 例题训练： ①The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a big stage many new actors or actresses are to become famous. ②He's got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. ( Keys：①where ②where 知识点7：amount 原文：Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每个人都知道高质量的睡眠对我们很重要。(教材P49) amount n. 数量 vi. 合计；总计；接近 the amount of …的数量 a large amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式） large amounts of 大量的（后接不可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式） We need double the amount we already have. 我们需要现有数量的两倍。 His earnings are said to amount to ￡300 000 per year. 据说他每年的酬金高达30万英镑。 Her answer amounted to a complete refusal. 她的答复等于完全拒绝。 例题训练 这座桥花了很多钱。 ①A large amount of money ____________ on the bridge. ②large amounts of money ____________ on the bridge. Keys：①was ②were 【拓展延伸】 (1) a great/ good deal of; a great/ large amount of +不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式) large amounts of +不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式) (2) a good/ great many; a large/ good number of; a good few +可数名词复数 (作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式) (3) a lot of; lots of; plenty of +不可数名词/ 可数名词复数 (作主语时，谓语动词根据名词确定) I am not going to bring up my child in this hole. 我不会在这个鬼地方养育孩子的。 He urged the United States to persist with its efforts to bring about peace. 他敦促美国坚持努力实现和平。 We aim to bring down prices on all our computers. 我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。 例题训练 ①They share ____________________ information on a quid pro quo basis. 他们在互利的基础上进行大量的信息共享。 ②_____________________ parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议 ③There ______________ plenty of vegetarian dishes to choose from. 有许多道素菜可供选择。 Keys: ①a great/ good deal of; a great/ large amount of; a lot of; lots of; plenty of ②large/ small amounts of; a good/ great many; a large/ good number of; a good few; a lot of; lots of; plenty of ③are 知识点8：schedule 原文：Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too… 在周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表。(教材P49) schedule vt.安排时间；预定 n.日程安排；工作安排；时间表 on schedule 准时；按照时间表 ahead of schedule 提前 behind schedule落后于预定计划 be scheduled for 预定；安排 be scheduled to do sth预定做… We're working to a tight schedule. 我们的工作安排得很紧。 Filming began on schedule 拍摄如期开始。 The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 会议安排在星期五下午。 例题训练 ①The new bridge has been finished two years ______________________. 新桥提前两年落成。 ②The meeting ____________________ commence at noon. 会议定于午间召开。 Keys：①ahead of schedule ②is scheduled to 【同步语法梳理】 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的用法 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时（定语从句完整），通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where, when和why。 关系词 先行词 充当从句成分 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 （一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。 (1)when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。 ①I still remember the day when I first came to the school. ②The time when we got together finally came. 完成句子 ①I will never forget the day __________ I spent in Chongqing. ②I will never forget the day __________ I first came to Chongqing. Keys：① that/ which/ 省略 ②when (2)where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 ① Shanghai is the city where I was born. ② The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 完成句子 ①This is the factory __________ I worked two years ago. ②This is the factory __________ I visited two years ago. Keys：①where ②that/ which/ 省略 注意：若先行词为表地点的抽象名词，如：point, stage, case, position, condition, atmosphere等，需要用where引导定语从句。 ①It got to the point where he had to leave. ②Describe a condition where you would expect it to fail. ③The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employeesenjoy their work. (3)why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 ① Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ② I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 完成句子 ①Give me one good reason __________ I should help you. ②What is the reason ___________ causes the difference? Keys：①why ②that/ which 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。（when一般可用in which, on which, at which, during which等替代；where一般可用in which, on which, at which,等替代；why可用for which替代） ① The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, ② From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. ③ Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 1. Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing． A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 2. Among the many dangers___ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when 3. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，____ he gave it to his grandson． A. which B. when C. where D. who 4. Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 5. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 6. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 7. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 8. That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 9. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house______ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D. which 11. She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 12. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else's fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 13. The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 14. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 15. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions． A. that B. as C. where D. when 16. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __________ his employees enjoy their work A. where B. which C. when D. who 17. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 18. In 1963,the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation． A. which B. it's C. whose D. whom 19. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 20. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 21. Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.​ A. why B. where C. which D. what 22. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 23. Life is like a long race______we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 24. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 25. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 26. We'll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what 27. We have launched another man­made satellite, ______ is announced in today's newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what 28. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 30. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that Keys： 1.【答案】A 【解析】句意：Dr． Rowan的秘书在两个星期之前辞职了，不得不自己打字。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dr．Rowan指人，定语从句空格后secretary与先行词Dr． Rowan之间是所属关系，并且前面缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选A。 2.【答案】A 【解析】答案A．由句子意思可分析出sailors have to face 作定语，修饰先行词the many dangers,且从句缺少宾语（face…），要用关系代词 故选：A． 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的危险是雾霾． 解答这类题型，要分析从句中句子成分是否齐全，如果齐全就用关系副词；如果不齐全就用关系代词，补全缺少的成分． 3.【答案】B 【解析】句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。分析句子结构可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990s ，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上获得，学生可以从中免费选择。根据句意和结构可知这里使用定语从句，先行词是many lessons，指物，定语从句中from后面缺少宾语，用which引导定语从句。故选B。 5.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：小时候，杰克在一所以他祖父的名字命名的乡村学校上学。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是school，所以应该用which引导，故选A。 6.【答案】A 【解析】考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：我的朋友带我在镇上到处看看，他这样做真好。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，应用which引导。that不引导非限制性定语从句；it不用作关系代词；而where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语。故选A。 7.【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该定语从句修饰house，从句中缺少的是地点状语，故选择where。what不能引导定语从句；when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 8.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。由空格前的“，”可知该定语从句不能用that来引导，排除A项；what不能引导定语从句，排除C项；从句中的about 缺少宾语，因此排除不能作宾语的when，而which可以在从句中作宾语且可以引导非限制性定语从句，故选B项。 9.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为a village school，从句中缺少主语，且为非限制性定语从句，所以应该用which，答案为A项。 10.【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该定语从句修饰house，从句中缺少的是地点状语，故选择where。what不能引导定语从句；when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 11.【答案】C 【解析】考查关系代词。根据句中的标点符号知道，本句后一部分是一个非限制性定语从句，故排除不能引导定语从句的选项A和D。又因关系代词在从句中代表人，作介词of的宾语，故选C项。 12.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。此处定语从句的先行词为不定代词something，所以引导词须用that。 13.【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。该题writer后面为定语从句，从句中需要定语，whose做形容词性的物主代词，表示“谁的”，故答案为C项。句意：奖项将颁给故事最有想象力的作家。 14.【答案】D 【解析】句意：对面的是圣保罗教堂，在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词St.Paul's Church，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选D。 15.【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。考查定语从句。这是一个限制性定语从句。本句中的先行词是problems，在定语从句we meet in our daily lives中做宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。where 和when引导定语从句在从句中做状语。as引导非限制性定语从句。所以答案选A。故选A。 16.【答案】A 【解析】答案：A。本题考查定语从句的关系词，从句中缺少状语，atmosphere表示抽象地点的范畴，所以选择where。 句意为：这个公司的老板在努力营造一个轻松的氛围，在这个轻松的氛围中，他的员工享受着他们的工作。 考查定语从句时，首先要分析从句中的句子成分，要看是否缺少主语或宾语、表语，如果缺少主语或宾语、表语，则用关系代词，如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。 17.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：我的大儿子此刻正在纽约，他的工作使他周游了全世界。根据句式可知，________ work takes him all over the world是一个非限制性定语从句，从句work前缺少定语，先行词为My eldest son，故用whose，指我儿子的工作，whose work=the work of whom，故选B。 18.【答案】C 【解析】句意：1963年联合国建立了一个是世界粮食项目，其宗旨之一是要减缓世界范围的饥荒。分析句式可知，one of_____purposes is to…是一个非限制性定语从句，whose purpose=the purpose of which，意思是项目的目的，故选C。 19.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是表“正如”的意思，常位于句首。which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容。故选A。 20.【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们已经进入了一个年代，这时梦想有最好的机会成真。考查定语从句。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用定语从句，先行词是an age，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用when引导。在定语从句中，which指事物，在从句中多作主语、宾语等；what不引导定语从句；that指人或事物，在从句中多作主语、宾语等；when表示时间，作状语。故选C。 21.【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。​句意：他们的孩子正处在一个可以说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构，此处引导定语从句，先行词stage表示“时期，阶段”，在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用关系副词where。根据句意，故选B。 22.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：音乐会的两部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。when引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。 23.【答案】D 【解析】考查where引导的定语从句。句意“生活就像一次长跑，在这个长跑的过程中我们要与别人竞争，目的是超越自己”。where引导的定语从句说明race这个“过程或活动”。what不能引导定语从句，why只引导reason后面的定语从句，故D项合适。 24.【答案】D 【解析】​句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。本题考查定语从句。先行词为time，关系副词when代替先行词在从句中作状语，故选D。 25.【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关爱心灵是一个逐渐的过程，在此过程中我们应当考虑到生活中一些小的细节。先行词为process，在定语从句中作状语，故用“介词+关系代词（in which）”来引导定语从句。 26.【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：我们将在一个月内达到年初设定的销售目标。本题考查定语从句，先行词the sales target在定语从句中做set的宾语，用关系词which,故A正确。 考点：句法—定语从句 27.【答案】B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，排除A、D两项；用which代指前面整句话的内容。句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这在今天的报纸上报道了。故选B项。 28.【答案】B 【解析】句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其它国家在同样起点的领域。本题先行词为area，后面用关系副词where做地点状语（此处area为抽象地点概念），以下名词也经常被视作抽象地点：case, point, activity, game, job, race, situation, condition, family, system, letter 等。故选B。​ 29.【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句或者主句的部分内容。as意为“正如，正像”，位置比较灵活，位于主句的前面、中间或者主句的后面都可以；which意为“这件事”，一般位于主句的后面。句意：正如被发现的一样，大量的语言学习发生在生命的头一年，因此在那个阶段父母应该多和孩子交流。由句意可知，A项符合题意。 30.【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是物，而不是人，所以先排除A、B两项。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，而that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。句意：朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语。她能流利地说这三种语言。故选C 项。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.The new drug has great significance for the _______________ (treat) of the disease. 2.This is a fine book,a valuable _______________ (add) to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series. 3.By sorting rubbish,everyone can contribute to _______________ (protect) the environment. 4.She was baptized _______________ she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 5.I have reached a point in my life _______________ I am supposed to make decisions on my own. 6.I have explained the reason _______________ I was absent from the meeting. 7.There are cases _______________ the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 8.Mary said Shanghai was the first city _______________ she had ever visited in China. 9.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _______________ you are talking about. 10.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point at _______________ he can walk correctly and safely. 二、选词填空 contribute to,in the long term,stick to,work on,be caught in,in addition 1. _______________ ,I am fluent in English,so I am confident that I am suitable for the job. 2.Xie Lei’s confusion is whether she should _______________ her own way of life or follow the American way. 3.We admire the old artist for his diligence and creativity,which _______________ his great works. 4.I _______________ the traffic jam,so I missed the first scene of the play. 5.This kind of urban planning is _______________ cheaper and more practical,compared with the way most urban planning is done today. 6.You need to _______________ your pronunciation a bit more. 三、完成句子 1.是我们注意养成良好的阅读习惯的时候了,因为它能给我们带来很大益处。 ______________________________ attention to developing a good reading habit as it can bring us enormous benefits. 2.这是她动身去北京的时间。 This is the time ______________________________. 3.那些成功的聋哑舞者认为,跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ______________________________. 4.即使天已经黑了,他们仍然在田里劳作。 They were still working in the fields ______________________________. 5.凯特如此高兴的原因是她通过了驾驶考试。 The reason ______________________________ is that she passed the driving test. 一、单句语法填空 1.treatment 2.addition 3.protecting 4.when 5.where 6.why 7.where 8.that 9.that 10.which 二、选词填空 1.In addition 2.stick to 3.contribute to 4.was caught in 5.in the long term 6.work on 三、完成句子 1.It’s time for us to pay 2.when she left for Beijing 3.where sight matters more than hearing 4.even though/if it was dark 5.why Kate is so happy 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Alfred Nobel Rests in Peace People like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa have become famous all around the world. 1 They are all winners of the Nobel Peace Prize. But none of them would have received the recognition it brings had it not been for one Swedish man, Alfred Nobel. When Alfred joined the Nobel family company, it had been developing explosives for many years. His father had started the family fortune by working for the Russian army to produce landmines and sea mines. But the family made even more money by manufacturing nitroglycerine(硝化甘油), which was a very dangerous explosive（炸药）. One day Alfred arrived home to find his 20- year-old brother Emil had been killed in a nitroglycerine explosion. 2 The result was dynamite（甘油炸药），which became an immediate success all over the world. Alfred Nobel always wanted dynamite to be used for peaceful means . Unfortunately ,when the First World War ended, dynamite had been used to take away the lives of thousands of young men. 3 To see his invention being used in this way made him very sad. Sometime later Alfred's older brother Ludwig died. One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred's obituary（讣告）instead of his brother's. It described Alfred as a man who had become rich by inventing a weapon of mass destruction . After reading the review of his life, Alfred was horrified and decided to use the great fortune he had made to reward people who had been working to promote good in society. 4 The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the person who had done the most, or the best, work to promote friendship between countries, to abolish armies or to hold and promote peace conferences. In 1997 the Nobel Peace Prize went to an American called Jody Williams for her efforts to get landmines banned. 5 Perhaps now, Alfred Nobel will rest more easily in his grave（坟墓）. A. And what do they have in common? B. Hence, it was a large amount of money. C. Alfred was determined to invent a safer explosive. D. He was so grieved by the accident that he even desired to give up his job. E. Ironically, of course, the Nobel family fortunes had been built on mines. F. Alfred had always hated war and considered it to be “the horror of horrors and the greatest of all crimes”. G. The five awards he created were for physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and, most significantly peace. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around and found a little old lady smiling at me. She said, “Hi, my name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a 1 ?” I laughed and responded, “Of course you may!” And she embraced happily. “Why are you in college at such a young age?” I asked later. She 2 replied, “I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then 3 and travel.” “No, seriously,” I said. I was 4 about what may have motivated her to be taking 5 this challenge at her age. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting 6 !” she told me. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk non-stop. I was always listening to this “time machine” as she 7 her wisdom and experience with me. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to make a speech to our football team. I'll never forget 8 she taught us. As she began to deliver her 9 speech, she dropped her notecard on the floor. A little embarrassed, she simply said, “I'm sorry. This whiskey is killing me! I'll never get my speech back in order, so let me just tell you what I know.” As we laughed she cleared her throat and began: “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old 10 we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humour every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people 11 around who are dying and don't even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. We elderly people usually don't have regrets for what we did, 12 rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.” At the year's end Rose finished the college degree. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral to 13 the wonderful woman who taught 14 that it is never too 15 to be all you can possibly be. 1. A. smile B. hug C. response D. concern 2. A. jokingly B. seriously C. happily D. comfortably 3. A. apply B. work C. retire D. educate 4. A. anxious B. worried C. eager D. curious 5. A. in B. off C. down D. on 6. A. one B. it C. this D. that 7. A. announced B. declared C. shared D. explained 8. A. that B. what C. which D. how 9. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepare D. prepared 10. A. even if B. because C. unless D. as though 11. A. walking B. walked C. walk D. to walk 12. A. but B. so C. or D. while 13. A. remember B. honor C. favor D. consult 14. A. by words B. as usual C. by example D.by comparison 15. A. early B. earnest C. cautious D. late 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 All eyes are on Qatar as the 2022 FIFA World Cup began on Nov 20. The competition, the first to take place in the Middle East, is 1 opportunity for the small country to show 2 (it) on one of the world's biggest stages. But just 3 will the World Cup impact （影响） Qatar？ And will it lead to any long-term change in the country? As the smallest country to ever host the event, the whole country has been trying its best to make it happen. A total of $220billion (about 1.55 trillion yuan) has been spent 4 (prepare) the stadiums, building miles of new highways, a subway system, a whole new airport, and high rises for the World Cup, according to The New York Times. “We’re using this tournament（比赛） 5 a [tool] for change," Hassan Al Thawadi, the secretary general of Qatar's World Cup organization, said in an interview. Whether the tournament will bring economic benefits to the country, however, is still 6 (know). Although the tourism industry（旅游业）will experience a boost during the event, it is to be seen 7 this will have a 8 (last) impact on Qatar's economy. The oil-filled country's main driver of economic 9 (grow) has been its energy exports. Hosting the World Cup likely only 10 (bring)investment into areas which are not that important to the economy as a whole. 七选五 ACFGE 完形填空 BACDD 46-50 ACBDB 51-55AABCD 语法填空 an itself how preparing as unknown Whether lasting growth brings 【课后巩固训练】 高一上第二次月考-常州十校22-23 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100,A; 80-89,B; 70-79,C; 60-69,D; Below 60,E. Essays(60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%. Group Assignments(30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业） during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 1. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 2.How many parts is a student's final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. B It is summer, and the living is comfortable. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school has finished; the weather is great, and most of all, we all deserve a break. When Americans want to take a break, they often head for their favourite vacation spot. Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. Hundreds of years ago, the early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren't content to stay there. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western areas. Later, settlers moved west to develop these new regions. As a result of this westward migration, Americans eventually occupied the whole mainland-from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that the average American moves every five years. Besides their habit of changing living places, Americans are used to travelling. Some people often go out on business. Their jobs may require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in different states. Others go on weekend trips that don't cost a lot of money. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Most Americans prefer to travel within their own nation's borders. Why? For one thing, it's cheaper than travelling abroad, and for another, there's no language problem. What's more, the vast American territory offers different kinds of tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer visitors a lot of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways, railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie. Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families often go on a journey with the kids. More and more family-friendly vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History lovers seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer “green vacations”. These trips allow them to observe plants and animals closely without disturbing the balance of nature. Some people find sea cruises' relaxing and refreshing. Others enjoy their trips by fishing, skiing or white-water rafting. Americans aren't the only people in the world who like travelling around. People all over the world enjoy visiting scenic spots in their own country and going abroad to travel. But in America, almost everybody is a tourist sometime. 4. This passage is mainly about________. A. American immigrants in history B. some famous resorts in America C. Americans' love for travelling D. some special people in America 5.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Americans are content to stay at the place where they are living now. B. The American immigrants moved from the east to the western areas. C. Americans are used to changing living places, but they don't like travelling around. D. Most Americans prefer to go abroad to travel. 6. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Americans prefer travelling in their own country? A. Travelling abroad is more expensive. B. People in America speak different languages. C. The traffic in America is very convenient. D. The vast American territory offers different kinds of tourist attractions. 7.Which word can describe the author’s attitude towards Travel of American Style? A. Indifferent B. Doubtful C .Concerned D. Uncaring C Our internal body clock has such a great impact on sporting ability that it could change the chances of Olympic gold, say researchers. The team at the University of Birmingham showed performance times varied by 26% throughout the day. Early risers reached their athletic peak around lunchtime, while night owls were the best in the evening. The body clock controls everything in a daily rhythm. Some aspects of sporting ability were thought to peak in early afternoon but a study in the journal Current Biology suggests each competitor's sleeping habits have a powerful impact. They took 20 female hockey players and asked them to perform a series of 20 meters runs in shorter and shorter times. And they did it at six different times of day between 07:00 and 22 :00. The results showed a peak performance in late afternoon, but then the scientists looked separately at early-type people, late-type people and those in the middle. This time the gap between the best and worst times was 26%, and a far more complicated picture emerged: Larks-or early risers-peaked at 12:00 Intermediate types peaked just before 16:00 Owls-or late types-peaked not long before 20:00 Lead researcher Dr Roland Brandstaetter told the BBC News website, “Athletes and coaches would benefit greatly if they knew when the best and most suitable performance time was.” He said a 1% difference in performance would be the difference between the fourth place and a medal in many Olympic events. Body clocks can be adjusted. Jet lag is when you feel uncomfortable before adjusting to a new time. “So if you're an early type in a competition in the evening, you could adjust sleeping times to the competition,” Dr Brandstaetter said. Dr Brandstaetter said this provided an important lesson for talent-spotting. “It takes place more or less in adolescents, but we know half of them are owls, yet almost all cases of talent-spotting are during the school hours,” he said. “That is when they are in the range of 70%-80% of peak performance, so we are missing out on a huge number of high performers by testing at the wrong time of day.” Commenting on the findings, Dr Thomas Kantermann, from the University of Groningen and the scientific manager of the Chrono City project in Germany, told BBC, “The study adds to our understanding about the importance of body clocks and internal time in physical performance. “Only by taking internal time into account can true and fair assessments of human performance become possible.” 8.The passage mainly discuss the relation between_______ and ______. A. sport performance and body clock B. academic test results and health of adolescents C. how much one sleeps and which sports one plays D. health of adolescents and sport performance 9. According to the study, which state is true? A. Owls couldn’t get a good sleep at night. B. Early risers usually go to sleep on time. C. Larks tend to perform better during lunchtime. D. Intermediate types are of average level in sports. 10. How can body clocks be adjusted? A. By taking part in more sports events. B. By changing their time for sleeping. C. By taking the sports in the evening. D. By adjusting their jet lags. 11.According to the passage, this study can also be applied to _______. A. how to fit in the school hours B. how to get a good sleep at night C. how to reach peak performance in events D. how to find out talents among adolescents D Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to Make Friends with Foreigners. Naturally, as a foreigner who has been living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite annoyed .In the writer's opinion, foreigners are an “opportunity” to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, you should practise speaking English with him or her. The writer goes on to say that if the foreigner doesn't want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn't want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also potentially (潜在的) damaging to the relations between Chinese and foreigners in China. Like most other “Lao Wai” living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living within a culture far removed from our own familiar ways. However, most of the time this cultural isolation（孤独）is something I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been very rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the most swiftly developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends. Unfortunately, I have also come across many Chinese people who view me purely as an “opportunity” to improve their oral English under the guise（伪装）of making friends. I have experienced the situation where people followed me from town to my college flat and then harassed（骚扰）me to teach them English or practise English with them. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me to help with immigration applications to other countries. All of these people claimed at the time that what they mainly wanted was to make friends with me. There was even one person at the weekly English Corner that I run at college who, after asking me non-stop questions for half an hour, became very angry when I politely asked him to give other people a chance to speak. He puffed himself up like a peacock and informed me that he was simply trying to be my friend. He may well have thought he was trying to be my friend, but it's absolutely not a polite way to build friendships by pestering another person. Friendship for a lot of westerners is about spending time with someone whose company you genuinely（真正的）enjoy. It's not about opportunities or personal advantages. The Chinese friends I have made while living here have been genuine friends to me; we enjoy each other's company for its own sake. In this way, we've not only learned a good deal about each other's culture but also about each other as individuals. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships gradually, over a period of time, not instantly. Don't burden foreigners with lots and lots of different questions. At times, this approach appears confusing and unnatural. Finally, I would suggest that if you really want to make friends with a foreigner, then you do so because you are genuinely interested in the person. We all know that true friendships stand the test of time. If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don't have a foreign friend for long! 12. Why is the author unhappy about the book How to Make Friends with Foreigners? A. Because the book is written by a Chinese. B. Because the book is sold at a small bookshop. C. Because the book sees foreigners as opportunities to improve one's English. D. Because the book can't understand how lonely foreigners are in China. 13.The underlined sentence “So far my time in China has been very rewarding.” in Paragraph 3 most probably means_________. A. I find my life in China happy and useful B. I don’t like my stay in China C. I’ve wasted so much time in China D. I can’t control my time while living in China 14. According to the passage, what kind of attitude should we have while making friends with foreigners? A. Foreigners are good opportunities for us to practise our oral English. B. We can ask them to fill in application forms for us at any time. C. Foreigners are different from us, and we can make friends with them instantly. D. If I want to make friends with a foreigner, it's only because I enjoy his/her company. 15. What can we learn about the author? A. He is a foreigner doing business in China for a year. B. He is a foreign teacher working in China for a year. C. He is a foreigner doing business in China for two years. D. He is a foreign teacher working in China for two years. 二、应用文写作 假设你是李华，你代表学校参加市中学生运动会获得冠军，请你在全校大会上围绕体育精神发表演讲，主要内容包括： 谈谈何为体育精神（至少两点）； 1、 鼓励同学们积极参加体育锻炼。 2、 鼓励同学们积极参加体育锻炼。 注意： 1、 写作词数为80左右； 2、 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 参考词汇：体育精神 sportsmanship Good morning, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening! 阅读理解 CBA CBBC ACBD CADB 参考范文： Good morning, everyone ! I’m Li Hua. It’s such a great honor to stand here and deliver a speech to you today. The topic of my speech is sportsmanship. Sportsmanship means that a competitor works hard to improve and achieve sporting excellence. Moreover, sportsmanship calls for cooperation with teammates and respect for opponents, which will double a competitor’s happiness. Sportsmanship also lies in fair play and it will undoubtedly contribute to the richness and charm of our sporting life. Sports and games are of great importance to our life, so with sportsmanship born in mind , let’s embrace and enjoy sports. Thanks for your listening! 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $