Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended reading - Project 导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案围绕B1 U3-3 Extended reading - Project展开，核心知识点涵盖reflection、seek/escape等词汇，take on短语及并列句省略句式，结合教材原文例句导入，通过词义、搭配、例句及例题训练构建从基础理解到应用实践的学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识脉络。 该资料亮点在于例题训练与能力拓展结合，单句语法填空、七选五等多样化题型提升语言运用能力，短文填空和应用文写作培养逻辑思维，符合语言能力、思维品质及学习能力的核心素养要求，助力学生自主学习与教师教学评估。

年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U3-3 Extended reading - Project 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：reflection 原文：I will always value these qualities of a good friends and try to measure myself by these standard as our friendship develops. 我将永远珍视好朋友的这些品质，在我们的友谊发展过程中，试着用这些标准来衡量我自己。(教材P39) ①reflection n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映 be lost in reflection陷入深思中 Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。 He admired his reflection in the mirror他赏着镜子中的映像。 ②reflect vi./ vt.思考；映射；反射 reflect sb./sth. in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/某物的影像 reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等) reflect on/ upon sth.思考某事 Her sad looks reflected the nature of her thought.她面带忧伤，显示出心事重重的样子。 I have been reflecting on all he said to me. 仔细考虑了他对我所说的一切 例题训练： ①When cracks appear in friendships, we should reflect ____________ ourselves about what has gone wrong. ②Love is not shown by speech; love will reflect ____________ deed. ③Our life is just a ____________ (reflect) of what we have done. ④Susan's strong love for her country is ____________ (reflect) in her recently published poems. Keys：①on/ upon ②in ③reflection ④reflected 知识点2：seek / escape 原文：However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. 然而，当我们试图独处时，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到我们自己的世界里去。(教材P39) (1) seek vi. 试图；寻找；争取 （sought; sought） seek for/after 寻找；追求 seek sb/sth out 找出某人/某物 seek sth (from sb.) （向某人）寻求某物 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 hide and seek 捉迷藏 seek advice from sb. 向某人征求建议 They are seeking for solutions to the problems.他们正在寻找这些问题的解决办法。 How can we seek out a really good person for the job? 我们怎样找到一个真正适合的人来做这项工作？ She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour. 她设法让他平静下来，然后向意为邻居求助。 They are seeking to change the rules. 他们试图改变规则。 (2) escape vi&vt 逃跑，逃脱；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃脱，逃离 escape（doing）sth 避免......，逃脱...... escape from 从......中逃脱/跑 escape from one’s mind/memory = sth escape sb. 某事/物被某人忘记 escape one’s attention. 逃过某人的注意 a narrow escape 死里逃生 an escape route 逃跑路线 例题训练： ①The little girl ________________ （死里逃生）when the earthquake happened. ②His name __________________. 我记不起他的名字。 Keys：① had a narrow escape ② escapes me 知识点3：benefit 原文：…, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. …, 我们可以享受友谊带来的好多好处(教材P39) ①benefit n. 优势；益处；成效 vt/ vi 使受益；得益于 for the benefit of 为了…的利益 be of benefit to 对…有益 benefit sb使某人受益 benefit from/ by…从…当中受益 You need people working for the benefit of the community. 你需要一些为公众利益服务的人。 The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned. 新规章将使所有有关人员受益。 The new regulations will benefit everyone concerned. 新规章将使所有有关人员受益。 ②beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的 be beneficial to 对…有利 The new regulations will be beneficial to everyone concerned. 新规章将使所有有关人员受益。 例题训练： 我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。 ①___________________________________________________ ②___________________________________________________ ③ ___________________________________________________ Keys：①We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone. ②We should spend the money on something that will be of benefit to everyone. ③We should spend the money on something that will be beneficial to everyone. 知识点4：comfort 原文：Generally speaking, close friendship has three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart….一般来说，亲密的友谊产生三个“成果”：他们可以安慰心灵…。（教材P39） ①comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.宽慰；抚慰 in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰 It is a comfort to do sth做某事是令人宽慰的 give comfort to sb安慰某人 comfort sb安慰某人 They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age. 他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。 The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this. 在我经历这一切的日子里，孩子们一直是我的一个巨大安慰。 She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring. 她想到春天很快就要来临，以此来宽慰自己。 ②comfortable adj. 舒适的；安逸的 It is comfortable to do sth做某事很舒服 ③comfortably adv. 舒适地 知识点5：take on 原文：Here, friendship has a double advantage- happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved. 在这里，友谊有双重优势—幸福有更多的意义，分担的烦恼减半。（教材P39） take on 承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上 写出下面句子中take on 的中文含义 ①I can't take on any extra work. ②They are not always willing to take on untrained workers, but there's no harm in asking. ③The bus stopped to take on more passengers. ④The party began to take on an unreal, almost nightmarish quality. Keys：①承担 ②雇佣 ③接纳 ④呈现 拓展延伸：常见的take短语还有 take after （外貌）相像 take apart 拆卸，拆开 take away 减去 take down 写下，记下 take for 把...误认为 take in 欺骗；吸收，吸纳 take off 起飞；成功；脱下 take on 承担；呈现；开始雇佣 take over 接收，接管 take to 喜欢，开始从事 take up 开始从事，着手处理 take it easy 别紧张 例题训练： ①Your daughter doesn't __________________you at all. 你女儿长得一点儿都不像你。 ②I could hardly__________________ what the old man said. 我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。 ③He did not particularly want to__________________ a competitive sport. 他并没有特别想要开始从事竞技性运动项目。 Keys：①take after ②take in ③take up 知识点6：recognize 原文：We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.我们经常发现承认别人的不足比承认自己的不足容易得多。(教材P39) ①recognize vt.承认；意识到；认出；辨别出 recognize sb as/ to be … 承认某人是… be recognized as/ to be 被承认为… It is recognized as … 人们公认… I recognized him as soon as he came in the room. 他一进屋我就认出了他。 Drugs were not recognized as a problem then. 那时候还没有把毒品看成严重问题。 It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary. 人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案。 ②recognition n. 认出；承认 例题训练： ①______________________ the urgent need for reform. 人们普遍认识到迫切需要改革。 ②The book is now ____________________ a classic. 这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。 ③____________________ environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. 人们一致认为环境污染已经成了人们面对的最严重的问题之一。 Keys：①There is a general recognition of ②recognized as ③It is recognized that 知识点7：crowd 原文：Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.最后，应该指出的是，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。(教材P40) ①crowd n. 一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.拥挤，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌 a crowd of/ crowds of 一群，许多 the crowd群众 crowd round/ around 聚集在… 周围 crowd into 涌进，挤进 An excited crowd of people gathered around her. 一群激动的人聚集在她周围。 ②crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with挤满… Her broad deck seemed crowded with people. 宽阔的甲板上似乎挤满了人。 He peered slowly around the small crowded room.他慢慢地仔细打量着那间拥挤的小房间的每个角落。 例题训练： ①Police had to break up ______________. 警方不得不驱散人群。 ②Photographers __________________ outside. 摄影师聚集在外面。 ③We all ___________________ her office to sing ‘Happy Birthday’. 我们全都涌进她的办公室，唱“祝你生日快乐”。 Keys：①the crowd ②were crowding around ③crowded into 知识点8：Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.选择朋友须谨慎，经营友情须用心。（教材P40） 句式剖析： 本句存在并列句的省略现象，and连接的两个分句结构相同，谓语部分都有should be，那么可以省略第二个分句中的 should be。本句完整的形式应该是：Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships should be carefully developed. 考点提炼：并列句的省略情况 在并列结构中，当连接的分句里含有相同成分或表达时，通常会进行省略，以避免重复。 (1)谓语动词的省略 My office is on the ground floor and hers ( ) on the first. (省略is)我的办公室在一层，她的在二层。 Reading means full man, conference ( ) ready man, and writing ( ) an exact man. (省略means)阅读使人充实，交谈使人敏捷，写作使人缜密。 (2)主语和谓语动词的一并省略(注：此结构会给理解带来很大障碍) You must stop,and ( ) at once this sort of behavior. (省略you must stop)你一定要停止，并且立刻停止这种行为。 They attempted to escape,but ( ) in vain. (省略 they attempted)他们试图逃跑，但这是徒劳的。 例题训练： 写出下面句子的完整形式并翻译 1.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. _____________________________________________________________ 2.To some life is pleasure, and to others suffering. _____________________________________________________________ Keys： 1.Some books are to be tasted, others are swallowed, and some few are to be chewed and digested.(省略tare) 有些书浅尝即可，有些书浏览即可，而有少量的书则需要咀嚼消化。 2.To some life is pleasure, and to others life is suffering. (省略life is) 对于一些人来讲，生活是快乐；对于其他一些人，生活则是苦难。 知识点9：admire 原文：They admired each other and quickly became friends.他们彼此欣赏并很快成为朋友。(教材P41) ①admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 admire sb/sth for (doing) sth因为(做)某事欣赏某人/某物 extremely admire 佩服的五体投地 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。 I don't agree with her, but I admire her for sticking to her principles. 我不同意她的意见，但是我赞赏她恪守原则。 ②admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的 ③admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的 ④admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 with/ in admiration 钦佩地 have admiration for钦佩 I have great admiration for her as a writer. 我十分钦佩她这位作家。 例题训练： ①I also learned that they _________________ their hard work. 我也明白它们应该为自己的辛勤劳作而受到赞赏。 ②She __________________ at the beauty of these scenery. 这些美丽的风景使她看得入迷了。 ③Loyalty was her most ______________________. 忠诚是她最令人钦佩的品质。 Keys：①should be admired for ②is lost in admiration ③admirable quality 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.All riders are equipped with ___________________ (reflect) vests and safety lights. 2.We all thought the matter would be a ___________________ (fail),but it changed dramatically. 3.People were shocked at his sudden ___________________ (dead).It was really a shock to them. 4.The chairman thought ___________________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5.The place ___________________ we visited last Saturday was the Summer Palace. 6.Deeply moved by her performance,the whole audience gasped in ___________________ (admire). 7.Nearly one hundred countries recognize English ___________________ their official language. 8.Find a quiet,warm and ___________________ (comfort) room where you won’t be disturbed. 9.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive,the phone boxes have taken 　　　　　　　a lifesaving role. 10.The declaration is meant ___________________ (bridge) the gap between the rich and poor in this district. 二、选词填空 lead to,smooth out,be meant to,take on,in full measure,point out 1.I should ___________________ that not one of these paintings is original. 2.The two countries are working hard to ___________________ their disagreement. 3.Words ___________________ new meanings over time. 4.The traditional view was that marriage ___________________ last. 5.The worker has been paid ___________________ for the time he spent on it. 6.Technological changes will inevitably ___________________ unemployment. 三、完成句子 1.新技术使以更低的成本更快地生产新产品成为可能。(it) New technologies have ______________________________ turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 2.大家都相信这部电影不仅有内涵而且还很有趣。 ________________________________________ the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting. 3.这就是我最喜欢的电影。 This is the very film ____________________________________________. 4.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪从她的脸颊上流了下来。(as) ____________________________________________, tears ran down her cheeks. 5.很多学生不喜欢父母对他们说话的方式。 Plenty of students do not like the way ____________________________________________. 一、单句语法填空 1.reflective 2.failure 3.death 4.it 5.that/which 6.admiration 7.as 8.comfortable 9.on 10.to bridge 二、选词填空 1.point out 2.smooth out 3.take on 4.was meant to 5.in full measure 6.lead to 三、完成句子 1.made it possible to 2.It is believed that 3.that I like most 4.As my mother sang those old songs 5.that their parents talk to them 【能力拓展训练】 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____1____ (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something ____2____ you must try after the climb. It will ____3____ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____4____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____5____ (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____6____ (be) for the people at that time to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and it offers a place ____7____ you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____9____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____10____ must to visit! 【答案】36. humans 37. that 38. undoubtedly 39. hotter 40. astonished 41. was 42. where 43. aching 44. mine 45. a 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。 【36题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：山脚下的温泉是你爬山后必须尝试的地方。分析可知，“　　　you must try after the climb.”为定语从句，先行词为something，为不定代词，在从句中作try的宾语，所以用关系代词that，故填that。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。 【39题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 6 (be) for the people at that time to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合句中“at that time”可知，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子，“ 　7　　　 you can sit down to rest your 　　8　　(ache) legs.”在句中为定语从句，先行词为place，在从句中作地点状语，所以此处用关系副词where，故填where。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor’s memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Does it feel like you are forever chasing (追逐) a rainbow? That happiness is just around the corner but when you step forward, you find that the things that once can make you happy no longer make you happy like before? ____1____ We, humans, tend to behave this way, which essentially limits our ability to be happy. There is a cool name for this phenomenon — the hedonic treadmill (享乐适应症). ____2____ To put it simply, a hedonic treadmill is our tendency to maintain a relatively stable level of happiness, despite undergoing major life changes. ____3____ In other words, humans have this unique tendency to return to a set happiness level after some time. We often tell ourselves that if we achieve a certain something, we will finally be happy. ____4____ The moment we reach our goals, we experience a brief phase of satisfaction. And then we set our eyes on the next big prize. Thus begins our cycle of constant longing and traversing (穿梭) on the hedonic treadmill. When unchecked, this eventually becomes an endless cycle that always limits our ability to be happy. ____5____ A. If that is so, then you are not alone. B. What exactly is the hedonic treadmill? C. There are many factors that can influence our happiness. D. These changes can be either positive or negative in nature. E. However, things usually don’t work out this way in most cases. F. We move in circles and stop only when we make an effort to do so. G. Humans have the habit of falling into the hole of wanting too much. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人类往往会对事物要求更多的原因。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Does it feel like you are forever chasing (追逐) a rainbow? That happiness is just around the corner but when you step forward, you find that the things that once can make you happy no longer make you happy like before?”（你是否感觉自己永远在追逐彩虹？幸福就在眼前，但当你向前一步时，你发现曾经让你幸福的事情不再像以前那样让你幸福了吗？）通过问句形式说明当你实现你认定的幸福，你发现它不再像以前那样让你幸福。下文“We, humans, tend to behave this way, which essentially limits our ability to be happy. ”（我们人类倾向于这样做，这实质上限制了我们快乐的能力。）说明人类都会有上文所提到的那种情形，因而，空处的内容是可以为：和你一样情形的的有很多人。选项A“如果是这样，那么你并不孤单。”，引出下文讲述人类都会有这样的行为，切题，故选A。 【17题详解】 根据下文“To put it simply, a hedonic treadmill is our tendency to maintain a relatively stable level of happiness, despite undergoing major life changes. ”（简而言之，享乐适应症是我们尽管经历了生活的重大变化，但仍倾向于保持一个相对稳定的幸福水平。）是对享乐适应症的定义解释，因而空处的内容应是问什么是享乐适应症。选项B“享乐适应症到底是什么？”切题，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据下文“In other words, humans have this unique tendency to return to a set happiness level after some time.”（换句话说，人类有这种独特的倾向，在一段时间后回到一个固定的幸福水平。）简述了人类的倾向是维持一个相对固定的幸福水平，因而空处可讲述只有人类努力要的时候，这种稳定的幸福水平才会实现。选项F“我们在原地打转，只有当我们努力这样做时才会停下来。”故选F。 【19题详解】 根据上文“We often tell ourselves that if we achieve a certain something, we will finally be happy. ”（我们常常告诉自己，如果我们取得了某些成就，我们就会最终感到幸福。）说明实现我们的目标，我们就会感到幸福。下文“The moment we reach our goals, we experience a brief phase of satisfaction. And then we set our eyes on the next big prize.”（当我们达到目标的那一刻，我们经历了一个短暂的满足阶段。然后我们就着眼于下一个大奖。）说明当我们实现某一目标后，我们会给自己一个新的目标。因而空处应该说明事实并非如此。选项E“然而，在大多数情况下，事情通常不会这样发展。”引出下文实现目标后，就会给自己新的目标。切题，故选E。 【20题详解】 根据上文“When unchecked, this eventually becomes an endless cycle that always limits our ability to be happy. ”（如果不加以控制，这最终会成为一个永无止境的循环，总是限制我们快乐的能力。）空处承接前文，讲述这种永无休止的循环的结果是人类对事物会渴求更多。选项G“人类习惯于陷入欲望过多的深渊。”，切题，故选G。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to ____1____ different dialects（方言）, leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor". The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____2____ However,he is more devoted to his “____3____ "than any real actor. In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____4____, Wang disguised（伪装） himself and ____5____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____6____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the ____7____ of the beggars. “I often ____8____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____9____,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then ____10____ myself to use the toilet, ____11____ what the beggars said, and send the ____12____ to my teammates.” Wang，who is often in ____13____ situations, is also a judo （柔道） master. “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can ____14____ from me," he said. Wang's ____15____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris. 1. A. teach B. compare C. assess D. speak 2. A. lawyer B. doctor C. policeman D. businessman 3. A. role B. study C. family D. audience 4. A. minor B. case C. future D. question 5. A. interviewed B. joined C. arrested D. assisted 6. A. challenge B. experience C. appearance D. freedom 7. A. vote B. sympathy C. permission D. trust 8. A. invited B. forced C. helped D. expected 9. A. drunk B. deserted C. bored D. lost 10. A. guide B. persuade C. excuse D. allow 11. A. refer to B. note down C. ask about D. miss out 12. A. plan B. agreement C. direction D. information 13. A. awkward B. dangerous C. unfortunate D. strange 14. A. separate B. recover C. escape D. hear 15. A. courage B. honesty C. kindness D. optimism 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里，多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，不顾危险混入犯罪团伙，成功破案的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的38年里，王先生多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授；B.compare 比较；C.assess评估； D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知，能扮成别人，还会讲不同的方言。故填D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位60岁的老人不是演员，而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师；B.doctor医生； C.policeman 警察；D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the 　　　　　　　　，Wang disguised（伪装）himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知，王先生是一名警察。故填C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色；B.study学习； C.family 家庭；D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知，王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人，辅修；B.case 情况,案件；C.future 未来；D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知，这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访； B.joined 加入；C.arrested 逮捕；D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知，他混入乞丐中。故填B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战；B.experience 经历；C.appearance出现，外表； D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知，这是描述外表。故填C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票；B.sympathy 同情；C.permission 批准；D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知，他的方言讲得好，赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请；B.forced 强迫；C.helped 帮助；D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，为了套话，王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的； B.deserted抛弃的； C.bored 无聊的；D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，话多是在喝醉后。故填A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导；B.persuade劝说； C.excuse 找借口；D.allow允许 。根据“and send the 　　　　　　　　 to my teammates.”可知，为了发送出信息，王借口去厕所。故填C。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是；B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问；D.miss out 错过，遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划；B.agreement 同意；C.direction 指导；D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，这是重要信息。故填D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的；B.dangerous危险的； C.unfortunate 不幸的；D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can 　　　　　　　　 from me,"”可知，经常处于犯罪分子中，这是很危险的情况。故填B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我离得够近，任何罪犯都逃不掉，”他说。A.separate 分离；B.recover恢复； C.escape 逃避；D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo （柔道） master. ”可知，身为柔道大师，他不放过罪犯。故填C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉，包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气；B.honesty 诚实；C.kindness 善良；D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised（伪装）himself”可知，王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙，勇气可嘉。故填A。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上第二次月考-附中22-23 一、阅读理解 A You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse”, a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”, Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 1. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers in paragraph 4? A. Calming. B. Shocking C. Refreshing D. Challenging. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Artists’ opinions on Plastic safety. B. Media Interest in contemporary art. C. Responsibility demanded of big companies. D. Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述海洋里的塑料垃圾被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，及其震撼，引发了人们对塑料污染的反思。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”（他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。）可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“ Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.”（塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量重，无法回收。）可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all at once.”（在2018年的一篇文章中，Von Wong想展示一个具体的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的工作中，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来就像是从卡车上一下子卸下来的一样。）可推知，这样的景象很有震撼性。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”（他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。）可知，本文主要讲述海洋里的塑料牢记被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，及其震撼，引发了人们对塑料污染的反思。所以D项“海洋塑料变成了雕像。”可以概括文章的主旨。故选D。 B Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be “the easy subject” at school, insignificant to wider society, a waste of time and effort? Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don’t just want material things anymore, they want to experience life—the arts are a perfect crossover between culture and commerce. Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation’s experience. The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people’s well-being. The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure. Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life. Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human. 5. Art products differ from most other commercial products because ________. A. most people purchase them for collection B. they are more expensive and less accessible C. they have both commercial and cultural values D. their prices may climb up as time passes 6. By sharing their arts experiences, community members can ________. A. keep the community safe from illnesses B. develop a stronger tie between them C. learn to appreciate their own works of art D. offer honourable solutions to their problems 7. What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities? A. They enjoy better living conditions. B. They like to compare themselves with others. C. They are particularly good at both music and art. D. They tend to be healthier physically and mentally. 8. How does kids’ engagement with the arts benefit them? A. It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth. B. It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills. C. It inspires their creativity in designing their future career. D. It helps to make responsible people out of them. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful.(任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美观)”以及“Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can(艺术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的)”可知，可见艺术参与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion,, and their expression of common values through artworks in honor of events significant to a nation's experience.(当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品表达共同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意义的事件时，社会纽带就在他们之间建立起来)”可知通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not(研究发现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健康)”可知，参加艺术活动的人们在身心上都相对更加健康。故选D。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education(参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就)”以及“encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.(有助于在以后的生活中形成健康的情感反应)”可知，艺术活动促进了孩子们的学业表现和情感成长。故选A。 二、应用文写作 假设你叫Richard，你的美国笔友Leo最近身体不太好，想通过锻炼身体增强体质，但是苦于学校作业多，活动多，没有时间。另外，他感觉每天重复运动很无聊，担心无法坚持。鉴于此，给Leo写一封电子邮件，给他提供建议。 注意：1. 写作词数80左右。 2. 第一句已经给出。 Hi Leo, I’m sorry to hear that you haven’t been feeling well recently. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Richard 【答案】Hi Leo, I’m sorry to hear that you haven’t been feeling well recently. As for keeping a healthy body, I am in favor of your idea to take exercise to strengthen your energy. Despite the challenges of too much homework, countless activities and limited spare time, you’d better keep a regular exercise. Meanwhile, in order not to feel bored, you can try other forms of exercise, such as playing sports. Varied forms of exercise can not only release your stress from heavy study, but improve your mental spirit, which surely is of great benefit to you in the long run. Hopefully, my advice can help you and you’ll be better soon. Best wishes, Richard 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给美国笔友Leo写一封电子邮件，给他提供建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 健康的：healthy → robust 赞同：be in favor of → support 尽管：despite → in spite of 数不清的：countless → numerous 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Meanwhile, in order not to feel bored, you can try other forms of exercise, such as playing sports. 转换句：Meanwhile, you can try other forms of exercise so that you will not feel bored, such as playing sports. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Despite the challenges of too much homework, countless activities and limited spare time, you’d better keep a regular exercise.（运用了介词despite引导的让步状语） 【高分句型2】 Varied forms of exercise can not only release your stress from heavy study, but improve your mental spirit, which surely is of great benefit to you in the long run.（运用了not only...but also...的结构和which引导的非限制性定语从句） ( 3 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $