Unit 5 Music（知识清单）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit5 Music 一、词汇句型清单 阅读词汇 1.virtual adj. ________ 2.composition n. ________ 3.studio n. ________ 4.composer n. ________ 5.conductor n. ________ 6.phenomenon (pl.phenomena) n. ________ 7.rap n. ________ vi.& vt. ________ 8.romantic adj. ________ n. ________ 9.album n. ________ 10.repetition n. ________ 11.simile n. ________ 12.outline n.& vt. ________ 写作词汇 1. ________ n. 灵魂;心灵 2. ________ adv. (用以强调)全部;总共 3. ________ adv. 如此;因此 4. ________ n. 乐队;带子 5. ________ adv. 现在;目前 6. ________ vt. & n. 治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) 药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施 7. ________ adj. 先前的;以往的 8. ________ n. 巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力 9. ________ n. & vi. & vt. 目的;目标 力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 目的是;旨在 10. ________ vi. & n. 疼痛 11. ________ vt. 依靠;倾斜 12. ________ n. 身心;存在;生物 13. ________ adv. 以某种方式(或方法);不知怎么地 派生词 1. ____________ n.能源;能量;精力→____________ adj.精力充沛的 2. ____________ vi.& vt.表演;履行;执行→____________ n.表演;演技;表现→____________ n.表演者;演员 3. ____________ vt.使能够;使可能→____________ adj.有能力的→____________ n.能力→____________ vt.使丧失能力;使残疾→____________ n.残疾;缺陷→____________ adj.不能的;没有能力的 4. ____________ vt.证明;展现→____________ n.证据 5. ____________ adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作→____________ adv.最初;原来→____________ n.起源 6. ____________ adj.逐渐的;渐进的→____________ adv.逐渐地 7. ____________ adj.有能力的;有才能的→____________ adj.没有能力的→____________ n.容量;能力 8. ____________ n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→____________ vt.使减轻;缓解→____________ adj.轻松的;解脱的 9. ____________ adj.失业的;待业的→____________ vt.雇用;利用→____________ n.就业;使用;雇用;工作→____________ n.雇主→____________ n.雇员 10. ____________ n.设备;装备→____________ vt.装备;配备 11. ____________ n.天才;天资;天赋→____________ adj.有天赋的;天才的 12. ____________ n.钢琴→____________ n.钢琴家 13. ____________ vt.以为;假设→____________ n.假设;推断→____________ conj.假设;假定 14. ____________ n.添加;加法;增加物→____________ adj.附加的;另外的→____________ vt.添加;增加 15. ____________ n.治疗;对待;处理→____________ vt.治疗;对待;招待 n.乐趣;款待 16. ____________ n.满足;满意;欣慰→____________ vt.使满意→____________ adj.满意的→____________ adj.令人满意的→____________ adj.令人满意的 17. ____________ adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→____________ n.多样性→____________ v.变化 18. ____________ n.重复;重做→____________ vt.重复 19. ____________ n.反应;回应→____________ vi.(对……)作出反应 短语 1、 重点短语 1.________ 爱上 2.________ sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志 3.________ 安装好(设备或机器);成立;创立 4.________ 参加……选拔(或试演) 5.________ (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还) 6.________ 从(那)时起 7.________ (设法)处理;完成;打通(电话);通过;用完;度过(困难时期) 8.________ 触动某人的心灵 9.________ sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 10.________ 毕业于 二、课本必背词块 1. be uploaded onto the Internet ________ 2. become part of the global community ________ 3. go through various periods ________ 4. receive a master’s degree ________ 5. original compositions ________ 6. make the world a better place ________ 7. go through a two-hour medical treatment ________ 8. give me hope and a sense of satisfaction ________ 9. treasure music ________ 熟词生义 1. form 常见义项：n. 形式；表格 生义：v. 组成；组建；形成 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：They formed a band in 2018 and quickly became popular.（他们于2018年组建了一支乐队，并迅速走红。） ▶ 常见义项例句：Fill in the form with your personal information.（用你的个人信息填写表格。） ▶ 生义例句：A plan began to form in her mind.（一个计划开始在她脑海中形成。） 2. rock 常见义项：n. 岩石；摇滚乐 生义：v. （使）摇晃；震动 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页词汇表）：rock n. 岩石；摇滚乐 v. 摇晃；震动 ▶ 常见义项例句：The mountain is covered with huge rocks.（这座山覆盖着巨大的岩石。） ▶ 生义例句：The boat rocked gently on the water.（船在水面上轻轻摇晃。） 3. hit 常见义项：v. 打击；碰撞 生义：n. 成功；热门作品（如歌曲、电影等） ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第33页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：Their first single was a huge hit.（他们的第一首单曲大获成功。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He hit his head on the door.（他的头撞到了门上。） ▶ 生义例句：The song became a hit all over the world.（这首歌风靡全球。） 4. record 常见义项：n. 记录；唱片 /ˈrekɔːd/ 生义：v. 录制；记录 /rɪˈkɔːd/ ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：They went to the studio to record their new album.（他们去录音室录制新专辑。） ▶ 常见义项例句：She broke the world record for the 100 meter dash.（她打破了100米短跑的世界纪录。） ▶ 生义例句：We need to record every detail of the experiment.（我们需要记录实验的每个细节。） 5. play 常见义项：v. 玩耍；演奏（乐器） 生义：n. 戏剧；剧本 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第37页词汇表）：play n. 戏剧；剧本 v. 玩耍；演奏 ▶ 常见义项例句：He likes to play the guitar in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间弹吉他。） ▶ 生义例句：Shakespeare’s plays are still popular today.（莎士比亚的戏剧如今依然受欢迎。） 6. case 常见义项：n. 情况；案例 生义：n. 容器；盒子（如琴盒、行李箱） ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：He carried his violin case into the concert hall.（他提着小提琴盒走进音乐厅。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a special case that requires careful consideration.（这是一个需要仔细考虑的特殊情况。） ▶ 生义例句：She packed her clothes into a small case.（她把衣服装进一个小箱子里。） 7. tap 常见义项：v. 轻敲；轻拍 生义：n. 水龙头 ▶ 教材语境：Don’t leave the tap running when you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention.（他轻拍我的肩膀以引起我的注意。） 8. concert 常见义项：n. 音乐会 生义：n. 和谐；一致（书面语） ▶ 教材语境：The colors in the painting are in perfect concert.（这幅画的色彩十分和谐。） ▶ 常见义项例句：They bought tickets for the rock concert.（他们买了摇滚音乐会的门票。） 句型 · 句型公式1. as引导非限制性定语从句 【教材原句】： As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to ...forget my problems. With music, I become someone else.”（出自人教版必修二Unit5第44页Reading and Thinking课文 “THE VIRTUAL CHOIR”） （2021年全国乙卷 阅读理解）As the research shows, listening to music can reduce stress and improve concentration. （2020年浙江卷语法填空改编）As is known to all, music plays an important role in emotional healing. · 句型公式2. it’s an honour to do sth做某事感到非常荣幸 【教材原句】： It’s an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life.（出自人教版必修二Unit5第45页Reading and Thinking部分 “The Power of Music”） （2022年浙江卷 书面表达）It’s an honour to be invited to share my experience in learning traditional music. （2021年天津卷）It’s an honour for me to attend the international music festival as a volunteer. · 句型公式3. way作先行词的定语从句 【教材原句】： During those times, music can help you in the same way that it helped me.（出自人教版必修二Unit5第46页Reading for Writing部分 “Music: My Forever Friend”） （2021年全国甲卷 语法填空）She showed me the way that/which music could connect people worldwide.（真题原题改编） （2020年江苏卷）The way in which he composed music inspired many young artists.（真题原题，出自阅读理解选项） 语法 过去分词作表语和状语 （一）词形转换语境填空练习 1. (energy) 基础版：Solar power is a clean ______. He is always ______ and never runs out of ______. 进阶层1：Solar power, a clean ______, benefits the environment. He’s ______ and never lacks ______. 进阶层2：As a clean ______, solar power is eco-friendly; he, always ______, never seems to run out of ______. 2. (perform) 基础版：The band will ______ tonight. Their ______ was amazing, and the ______ got applause. 进阶层1：The band plans to ______ tonight. Their ______ amazed us, and the ______ received much applause. 进阶层2：Tonight, the band will ______—their past ______, which was amazing, earned the ______ loud applause. 3. (able) 基础版：This technology will ______ us to work faster. She’s ______ to speak three languages, with impressive ______. An accident ______ him, but he fought his ______—he was ______ to walk later. 进阶层1：This new technology will ______ faster work. She’s ______ in three languages, showing great ______. An accident ______ him, yet he overcame his ______ and became ______ to walk. 进阶层2：Designed to ______ faster work, this technology helps us; she, ______ in three languages, has impressive ______. Though an accident ______ him, he defied his ______ and grew ______ to walk. 4. (prove) 基础版：He needs to ______ his innocence. There’s no ______ he was at the scene. 进阶层1：He must ______ he’s innocent. No ______ supports his presence at the scene. 进阶层2：To clear his name, he needs to ______ his innocence; there’s no ______ linking him to the scene. 5. (origin) 基础版：The ______ idea came from a dream. This is the ______, ______ created in 1990, from a French village—its ______. 进阶层1：The ______ idea originated in a dream. This ______, ______ made in 1990, traces its ______ to a French village. 进阶层2：Born from a dream, the ______ idea inspired this ______, ______ created in 1990; its ______ is a small French village. 6. (gradual) 基础版：The ______ change was hard to notice. The sun ______ set behind mountains. 进阶层1：The ______ change went unnoticed at first. The sun ______ set behind the mountains. 进阶层2：At first, the ______ change was unnoticeable; the sun, too, ______ set behind the mountains. 7. (capable) 基础版：She is ______ of solving the problem. He’s ______ alone, and the machine’s ______ is 500 liters. 进阶层1：She is ______ of solving the problem. He’s ______ of finishing alone, with the machine’s ______ at 500 liters. 进阶层2：______ of solving the problem, she starts immediately; he, ______ of working alone, uses a machine with a ______ of 500 liters. 8. (relieve) 基础版：A walk can ______ stress. She felt ______ after finishing work, with a ______ smile. 进阶层1：Taking a walk can ______ stress. She felt ______ post-work, her ______ smile showing ease. 进阶层2：To ______ stress, take a walk; she, feeling ______ after finishing work, wore a ______ smile. 9. (employ) 基础版：Many were ______ during the crisis. The company will ______ more, with rising ______ rates. The ______ treats ______ well. 进阶层1：The crisis left many ______. The company plans to ______ more, as ______ rates rise. The ______ treats ______ well. 进阶层2：During the crisis, many became ______; the company, to grow, will ______ more, with ______ rates rising. The ______ treats its ______ well. 10. (equip) 基础版：The lab is ______ with modern tools. We need new ______ for the project. 进阶层1：The lab, ______ with modern tools, works efficiently. We need new ______ for the project. 进阶层2：______ with modern tools, the lab functions well; the project requires new ______. 11. (talent) 基础版：He has a ______ for music. The ______ singer won easily. 进阶层1：Music is his ______. The ______ singer won the competition easily. 进阶层2：His ______ for music shines; the ______ singer, with great skill, won easily. 12. (piano) 基础版：She plays the ______ well. The ______ will perform tonight. 进阶层1：She is good at playing the ______. The ______ will give a concert tonight. 进阶层2：Skilled at the ______, she plays beautifully; the ______ will perform at tonight’s concert. 13. (assume) 基础版：We ______ he’s truthful. His ______ was wrong—______ it rains, we’ll stay home. 进阶层1：We ______ he tells the truth. His ______ proved wrong; ______ rain, we’ll stay home. 进阶层2：______ he’s truthful, we listen; his ______, however, was wrong. ______ it rains, we’ll stay home. 14. (add) 基础版：Please ______ sugar to coffee. There’s an ______ delivery charge, and new members’ ______ strengthened the team. 进阶层1：______ sugar to the coffee, please. An ______ delivery charge applies, and the team grew with new members’ ______. 进阶层2：To sweeten it, ______ sugar to the coffee; an ______ delivery charge exists, and the team’s strength comes from new members’ ______. 15. (treat) 基础版：The doctor will ______ his illness. She got good ______ in the hospital, and kind ______ comforted her. 进阶层1：The doctor plans to ______ his illness. She received good ______ in the hospital, with kind ______ easing her pain. 进阶层2：To cure him, the doctor will ______ his illness; she, given good ______ in the hospital, felt better due to kind ______. 16. (satisfy) 基础版：Your work will ______ your parents. We’re ______ with the result, and their ______ faces showed ______ service pleased them. 进阶层1：Your hard work will ______ your parents. We’re ______ with the result—their ______ faces proved the service was ______. 进阶层2：Your efforts will ______ your parents; we, ______ with the result, saw their ______ faces, a sign the service was ______. 17. (vary) 基础版：There are ______ ways to solve this. ______ of opinions livened the discussion, and weather ______ daily. 进阶层1：______ ways exist to solve this. The ______ of opinions made the discussion lively, with weather ______ daily. 进阶层2：______ in solutions exist for this problem; the discussion, lively due to ______ of opinions, mirrored weather that ______ daily. 18. (repeat) 基础版：You needn’t ______ the words. The experiment’s ______ ensured accuracy. 进阶层1：No need to ______ the words. The experiment’s ______ guaranteed accurate results. 进阶层2：______ the words is unnecessary; the experiment’s ______ ensured accurate results. 19. (react) 基础版：How did he ______ to the news? Her ______ was quick, and the audience’s ______ surprised the speaker. 进阶层1：What was his ______ to the news? Her ______ was fast, and the audience’s ______ shocked the speaker. 进阶层2：We wondered how he’d ______ to the news; her quick ______ and the audience’s ______ surprised the speaker. 二、知识点精讲 1. stringed adj. 有弦的 【教材原句】： stringed instrument(出自教材unit4词汇表，在词汇表中与instrument搭配为stringed instrument弦乐器) (1) stringed instrument 弦乐器 (2) string n. 线；绳；一串；弦 ①　(2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇) The musician carefully tuned the stringed instrument before the performance. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解D篇) Different cultures have developed various types of stringed instruments over the centuries. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解A篇) The exhibition features a collection of ancient stringed instruments from around the world. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Our school music club is planning to buy some stringed instruments, and we would appreciate your advice on the selection.（我们学校音乐俱乐部计划购买一些弦乐器，如果您能在选择上提供建议，我们将不胜感激。） 读后续写：Seated by the window, the old man gently played his stringed instrument, the soft melody carrying memories of his youth through the quiet night.（坐在窗边，老人轻轻弹奏着他的弦乐器，柔和的旋律在寂静的夜晚中承载着他青春的记忆。） 单句语法填空 ①　The ______(string) instrument produces a beautiful sound that is very different from wind instruments. ②　She is learning to play several ______(string) instruments, including the violin and the guitar. ③　The concert featured a variety of ______(string) and wind instruments. 2. composition n. 成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品 【教材原句】： The place where he studied musical composition.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1)musical composition 音乐作品；乐曲 (2) compose vt. 作曲；创作；组成 (3) composer n. 作曲者；作曲家 ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇) Beethoven's later compositions are considered among the greatest works in classical music. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) The composer spent three years finishing this musical composition. ③　(2020年江苏卷阅读理解B篇) The chemical composition of the soil affects the growth of plants in this area. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I am writing to recommend a musical composition that I believe would be perfect for our school's upcoming art festival.（我写信推荐一首音乐作品，我相信它非常适合我们学校即将到来的艺术节。） 读后续写：Having composed the melody in just one night, the young musician could hardly contain his excitement when the audience burst into thunderous applause.（只用了一晚就创作出这首旋律，当观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声时，这位年轻音乐家几乎难以抑制自己的兴奋。） 单句语法填空 ①　Beethoven is one of the greatest ______(compose) in the history of Western music. ②　The band is ______(compose) of five talented musicians from different countries. ③　She spent months writing a new musical ______(compose) for the orchestra. 3. perform vi. & vt. 表演；履行；执行 【教材原句】： Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) perform one's duty/promise 履行某人的责任/诺言 (2) perform well/badly 表现得好/差 (3) performance n. 表演；表现 (4) performer n. 表演者；演员 ①　(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇) The young pianist performed beautifully at the concert last night. ②　(2021年全国甲卷语法填空) The doctor performed the operation successfully and saved the patient's life. ③　(2020年浙江卷阅读理解A篇) Each member of the team performed his own duty perfectly during the project. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I am writing to invite you to perform at our school's annual New Year's concert, which will be held in the auditorium on December 30th.（我写信邀请您在我们学校一年一度的新年音乐会上表演，音乐会将于12月30日在礼堂举行。） 读后续写：Although she had never performed in front of such a large audience before, the young singer stepped onto the stage with a confident smile.（尽管她从未在这么多观众面前表演过，这位年轻歌手还是带着自信的微笑走上了舞台。） 单句语法填空 ①　The band will ______(perform) at the music festival next weekend. ②　Her ______(perform) in the competition impressed all the judges. ③　The soldier was praised for ______(perform) his duty bravely. 4. enable vt. 使能够；使可能 【教材原句】： A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 (2) able adj. 有能力的；能干的 (3) ability n. 能力；才能 ①　(2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇) The new technology enables farmers to monitor their crops more efficiently. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇) Online learning enables students to access educational resources from anywhere in the world. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇) The invention of the Internet has enabled people to communicate instantly across great distances. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Participating in this volunteer program will enable you to gain valuable experience and develop essential life skills.（参加这个志愿者项目将使你获得宝贵的经验并培养必要的生活技能。） 读后续写：The kind stranger's timely help enabled the lost child to find his way back home, and tears of gratitude streamed down his mother's face.（这位好心陌生人及时的帮助使迷路的孩子找到了回家的路，感激的泪水顺着孩子母亲的脸颊流下。） 单句语法填空 ①　The scholarship ______(enable) him to continue his studies abroad. ②　Regular exercise enables people ______(stay) healthy and energetic. ③　The new software ______(able) users to edit videos more easily. 5. capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的 【教材原句】： Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) be capable of(doing) sth 有能力做某事 (2) capability n. 能力；才能 (3) incapable adj. 没有能力的；不能的（反义词） ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇) She is perfectly capable of handling the difficult situation on her own. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空) The young man proved himself capable of overcoming any challenge he faced. ③　(2020年浙江卷语法填空) Only those who are capable of working under pressure will be considered for the position. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I believe I am capable of organizing this event successfully, as I have gained relevant experience from previous volunteer work.（我相信我有能力成功组织这次活动，因为我在之前的志愿者工作中获得了相关经验。） 读后续写：Capable of solving the most difficult math problems, the shy boy found himself completely at a loss when it came to expressing his feelings to others.（能够解决最难的数学问题，这个害羞的男孩在向他人表达感情时却完全不知所措。） 单句语法填空 ①　He is ______(capable) of finishing the task within two days. ②　Her ______(capable) as a leader was recognized by all the team members. ③　The injured bird was ______(capable) of flying, so we took it home to take care of it. 6. relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；宽慰；解脱 【教材原句】： Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) in relief 如释重负；松了口气 (2) to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 (3) relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；解除 (4) relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的 ①　(2022年全国甲卷完形填空) To his great relief, his lost wallet was found and returned to him. ②　(2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇) The medicine brought immediate relief to the patient's pain. ③　(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) She sighed in relief when she heard that her son had arrived safely. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：To my great relief, all the arrangements for the school sports meeting have been completed ahead of schedule.（令我大为欣慰的是，学校运动会的所有安排都已提前完成。） 读后续写：To her relief, the missing child was found safe and sound in the library, and she hugged him tightly, tears streaming down her cheeks.（令她欣慰的是，失踪的孩子在图书馆被找到，安然无恙，她紧紧地抱住他，泪水顺着脸颊流下。） 单句语法填空 ①　______ his relief, he passed the final examination with flying colors. ②　The doctor gave him some medicine ______(relieve) his pain. ③　She felt a sense of ______(relieve) when she finally finished the difficult project. 7. aim n. 目的；目标 vi. & vt. 力求达到；瞄准 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） (1) with the aim of 以……为目的 (2) achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标 (3) aim to do sth 力求做某事；旨在做某事 (4) be aimed at 旨在；针对 ①　(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇) The program is aimed at helping young people develop their leadership skills. ②　(2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇) We aim to finish the project by the end of this month. ③　(2020年江苏卷阅读理解A篇) The charity event was organized with the aim of raising funds for the poor children. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Our club was established with the aim of promoting cultural exchange among students from different countries.（我们俱乐部的建立旨在促进来自不同国家的学生之间的文化交流。） 读后续写：Aiming to win the first prize, the young pianist practiced day and night, her fingers dancing across the keys with increasing confidence and skill.（为了赢得一等奖，这位年轻钢琴家日夜练习，她的手指在琴键上飞舞，越来越自信和熟练。） 单句语法填空 ①　The new policy is aimed ______ improving the quality of education. ②　We should set a clear ______(aim) before we start the project. ③　The organization aims ______(provide) free medical care to the poor. 8. assume vt. 以为；假设；认为 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） (1) assume sb/sth to be... 假定某人/某物为…… (2) It is assumed that... 人们认为…… (3) assumption n. 假定；假设 ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇) Many people assume that classical music is boring, but this is not true. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇) We assumed him to be the best candidate for the position. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I assume that you have already received the invitation letter, and I am writing to confirm your attendance at the ceremony.（我假设您已经收到了邀请函，我写信是为了确认您是否出席仪式。） 读后续写：Assuming that everyone had left the classroom, the little girl quietly took out her lunch and shared it with the stray cat hiding under the desk.（以为所有人都离开了教室，小女孩悄悄地拿出午餐，与躲在桌下的流浪猫分享。） 单句语法填空 ①　We ______(assume) that the meeting would be held on Friday, but it was actually on Monday. ②　It ______(assume) that the ancient city was built over 2,000 years ago. ③　His ______(assume) that everyone would agree with him turned out to be wrong. （一）词汇检测 根据句子的上下文及所给的中文提示，写出符合句意的单词，每空限填一词。 1. The famous orchestra will ________ (表演) all of Beethoven's symphonies this season. 2. The plot of the novel is so ________ (复杂的) that you need to read it carefully. 3. The smell of the ocean ________ (唤起) happy memories of her childhood holidays. 4. Blues music ________ (起源) in the deep south of the United States. 5. The song has a strong ________ (节拍) that makes you want to tap your feet. 6. As a child, she showed a remarkable ________ (天赋) for languages. 7. The conference brought together scientists from diverse academic ________ (背景). 8. His writing style shows a strong ________ (影响) of classical Chinese poetry. 9. Listening to gentle music can help ________ (减轻) anxiety and promote relaxation. 10. The musical was a massive ________ (成功), running on Broadway for over ten years. 11. The ________ (歌词) of the song are about peace and love. 12. She has a very unique ________ (嗓音) that is easy to recognize. 13. The band is going on a world ________ (巡演) next year. 14. The ________ (旋律) of this folk song is beautiful and sad. 15. The music ________ (行业) has changed dramatically with the rise of streaming services. （二）课文综合语法填空练习 Music is a universal language that can bring people together from all over the world. There are many different styles of music, each with its own unique characteristics and history. Classical music, 1. ______ is often considered complex, requires great skill and discipline to perform. It 2. ______ (write) by composers like Mozart and Beethoven centuries ago. 3. ______ contrast, folk music is usually simple and reflects the daily lives and traditions of common people. It 4. ______ (pass) down from one generation to another. Jazz, 5. ______ (originate) in the United States, is known for its improvisation and syncopated rhythms. It 6. ______ (have) a major influence on many other music genres. Then came rock and roll in the 1950s, 7. ______ quickly became popular among young people. Its strong beat and electric guitars shocked many parents at that time. 8. ______ (Recent), country music has gained a wide audience. It often tells stories about love, heartbreak, and the simple life. Hip hop, which includes rapping and DJing, started in African American and Latino communities in New York. It is more than just music; it is a culture that includes art, dance, and fashion. With the 9. ______ (develop) of technology, the way we experience music 10. ______ (change) dramatically. We can now listen to music streaming online, 11. ______ (create) personal playlists, and share our favourite songs with friends instantly. 12. ______ is amazing is that anyone with a computer can become a musician, producing and distributing their own music online. Music allows us 13. ______ (express) our feelings and emotions. It can make us happy, calm us down, or energize us. 14. ______ (attend) a live concert is a fantastic experience because you can feel the energy of the crowd and the musicians. Whether you are a performer 15. ______ a listener, music can enrich your life and connect you to others. 三、语法清单 过去分词作表语和状语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."Everyone was excited about the upcoming festival." "excited" 作表语，放在系动词 "was" 后，描述主语 "Everyone" 的状态，“感到兴奋的”。 2. "Built in the 15th century, the temple has a long history." "Built in the 15th century" 作状语，表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 "After it was built in the 15th century"。 3. "Deeply moved by his words, she decided to change her mind." "Deeply moved by his words" 作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句 "Because she was deeply moved by his words"。 （二）高考真题感知 1.（2024 全国卷模拟）______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Saw 2.（2020 天津卷短文改错）The window was remained open all night. 3.（2022 浙江卷）______ in a friendly way, the problem was solved easily. A. Handling B. Handled C. To handle D. Handle 4.（2021 全国乙卷）______ by the teacher, Li Ming worked harder than ever before. A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Encourage 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）用法分类 过去分词作表语 1.位置与功能：位于系动词（如 be, seem, feel, look, become, remain, get 等）之后，描述主语的状态、特征或感受。此时过去分词形容词化。 例句：He seemed disappointed at the news. （他对消息似乎感到失望。） 例句：The door remained locked. （门仍然是锁着的。） 2.与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语：强调主语所处的状态。 例句：The glass is broken. （玻璃杯是碎的。 状态） 被动语态：强调动作本身。 例句：The glass was broken by Tom. （玻璃杯被汤姆打碎了。 动作） 典例：判断：The store is closed now. (状态) / The store is closed at 6 p.m. every day. (动作) 3.常见作表语的过去分词：多表示人的情感或状态，如 interested, excited, moved, tired, pleased, satisfied, surprised, frightened, worried, disappointed, exhausted, bored 等。 例句：We were satisfied with the result. （我们对结果感到满意。） 过去分词作状语 1.功能：过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 2.各类型状语详解： 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句：Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. (= When the park is seen from the hill...) 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。 例句：Seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately. (= Because he was seriously injured...) 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。 例句：Given more time, we could do it better. (= If we were given more time...) 让步状语：相当于一个让步状语从句。 例句：Although built decades ago, the bridge is still in good condition. (= Although it was built decades ago...) 方式或伴随状语：表示动作发生的方式或伴随状态。 例句：She came in, followed by her dog. （她进来了，后面跟着她的狗。） 3.省略：过去分词作状语时，前面常可带有连词 when, while, if, unless, although, though, as if 等，使句意更清晰。 例句：When asked about his opinion, he kept silent. （当被问及他的意见时，他保持沉默。） 例句：Even if invited, I won't go. （即使被邀请，我也不会去。） 4.与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词：与主语构成被动关系（Deeply moved, she thanked them.） 现在分词：与主语构成主动关系（Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.） 典例：选择：______ (Seeing/Seen) from space, the earth looks blue. （二）特殊注意事项 1.悬垂结构：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为悬垂结构，是常见错误。 ✘ 错误：Punished by the teacher, the book was taken away. （书不会被老师惩罚） ✔ 正确：Punished by the teacher, the boy had his book taken away. （男孩被老师惩罚） 典例：改正句子：Running quickly, the finish line was crossed. 2.固定结构：有些过去分词短语已成固定搭配，无需考虑逻辑主语（如 strictly speaking, generally considered, judging from等）。 例句：Judging from his accent, he is from the south. （从他的口音判断...） （一）单句填空 1.The audience got ______ (bore) during the long speech. 2.______ (Give) enough support, they will succeed. 3.The girl sat in the corner, ______ (absorb) in her book. （二）选项填空 1.______ twice, he didn't want to try again. A. Failing B. Failed C. Having failed D. To fail 2.The news sounds ______. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. encouragement 3.______ in white, she looks like a nurse. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. To dress D. Dress （三）翻译句子 1.如果被给予机会，我会毫不犹豫地去国外学习。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.因为深受感动，她承诺要帮助那些需要帮助的人。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.那位教授虽然年逾古稀，但仍然精力充沛。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 围绕音乐的文化价值、情感传递、传统与现代融合等角度展开，常见体裁包括说明文（如传统音乐介绍）、记叙文（如学乐器经历）、观后感（如音乐会评论）。 结构参考： 1. 开头： 引入音乐背景或个人经历，说明写作缘由。例如：介绍一种传统乐器、一场音乐会，或音乐在生活中的意义。 2. 主体： 详细描述相关内容，可包括： 音乐的历史起源、文化内涵； 个人与音乐的故事、感受体验； 传统音乐与现代音乐的碰撞与融合； 音乐传承与保护的重要性。 3. 结尾： 总结音乐的价值，强调其对文化、情感的意义，呼吁重视音乐传承或分享音乐带来的感悟。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1.开头常用语 (1) It's universally acknowledged that music serves as a bridge connecting different cultures and emotions. 不可否认，音乐是连接不同文化与情感的桥梁。 (2) These days, the power of music to heal, inspire, and unite people has become a hot topic of discussion. 如今，音乐治愈、激励与凝聚人心的力量已成为热议话题。 2. 主体部分常用语 (1) On the one hand, traditional music preserves cultural heritage: instruments like the guzheng carry the soul of Chinese history, while folk songs record the stories of ancestors. 一方面，传统音乐保存文化遗产：古筝等乐器承载着中国历史的灵魂，而民歌记录着祖先的故事。 (2) On the other hand, modern music faces challenges: the commercialization of pop music sometimes overshadows its artistic value, and traditional musical forms are at risk of fading away. 另一方面，现代音乐面临挑战：流行音乐的商业化有时掩盖了其艺术价值，传统音乐形式也面临失传的风险。 (3) A deeper understanding of music reveals its dual role: while it entertains, it also serves as a mirror reflecting the spiritual needs of society. 深入理解音乐可知其双重角色：它既提供娱乐，也作为反映社会精神需求的镜子。 3. 结尾常用语 (1) In conclusion, music is not just a collection of notes, but a living legacy that deserves to be preserved and celebrated across generations. 总之，音乐不仅是音符的集合，更是值得代代传承与歌颂的鲜活遗产。 (2) Let's embrace both the traditional and the modern in music, ensuring that its power to connect and inspire continues to thrive in the digital age. 让我们在音乐中拥抱传统与现代，确保其连接与激励的力量在数字时代持续绽放。 相关词汇 traditional instrument 传统乐器 cultural heritage 文化遗产 melody 旋律 rhythm 节奏 compose 作曲 concert 音乐会 folk song 民歌 artistic value 艺术价值 【示例·分步写作】 写一篇关于学习传统乐器经历的短文。 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 人称 第一人称 时态 一般过去时（经历）、一般现在时（感悟） 框架 第一段：引入学习的乐器及缘由； 第二段：学习过程中的挑战与收获； 第三段：乐器对个人或文化的意义。 第二步：要点翻译 1. 三年前我开始学习古琴。 I started learning the guqin three years ago. 2. 起初指法很难，但坚持后发现它能平静我的心情。 The finger techniques were difficult at first, but after persistence, I found it could calm my mind. 3. 我意识到保护传统乐器就是保护文化记忆。 I realized that protecting traditional instruments is protecting cultural memories. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句合并句子，添加分词短语 The guqin has a history of over 3,000 years. It is known as the "instrument of the sages". ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 用Not only...but also...倒装结构强调并列影响 Playing the guqin relieves my stress. It connects me to my cultural roots. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 用Only+状语从句倒装，结合动名词作宾语 We should practice traditional instruments. We can keep the culture alive. ___________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 The Guqin: A Melody Connecting Past and Present ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 列出作文中高级语法与结构： 1. 主从复合句： ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 非谓语动词： ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 倒装句： ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 高级连接词： ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.高级词汇与短语： ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5 Music 一、词汇句型清单 阅读词汇 1.virtual adj. 很接近的;事实上的;虚拟的 2.composition n. 成分;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品 3.studio n. 演播室;(音乐的)录音棚;工作室 4.composer n. 作曲者;作曲家 5.conductor n. (乐队、合唱团等的)指挥;(公共汽车的)售票员 6.phenomenon (pl.phenomena) n. 现象 7.rap n. 快速敲击;说唱音乐 vi.& vt. 敲击;(说唱歌中的)念白 8.romantic adj. 浪漫的 n. 浪漫的人 9.album n. 相册;集邮簿;音乐专辑 10.repetition n. 重复;重做 11.simile n. 明喻 12.outline n.& vt. 概述;概要 写作词汇 1.soul n.灵魂;心灵 2.altogether adv.(用以强调)全部;总共 3.thus adv.如此;因此 4.band n.乐队;带子 5.nowadays adv.现在;目前 6.cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施 7.previous adj.先前的;以往的 8.impact n.巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力 9.aim n.目的;目标 vi.& vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在 10.ache vi.& n.疼痛 11.lean vt.依靠;倾斜 12.being n.身心;存在;生物 13.somehow adv.以某种方式(或方法);不知怎么地 派生词 1.energy n.能源;能量;精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的 2.perform vi.& vt.表演;履行;执行→performance n.表演;演技;表现→performer n.表演者;演员 3.enable vt.使能够;使可能→able adj.有能力的→ability n.能力→disable vt.使丧失能力;使残疾→disability n.残疾;缺陷→unable adj.不能的;没有能力的 4.prove vt.证明;展现→proof n.证据 5.original adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作→originally adv.最初;原来→origin n.起源 6.gradual adj.逐渐的;渐进的→gradually adv.逐渐地 7.capable adj.有能力的;有才能的→incapable adj.没有能力的→capacity n.容量;能力 8.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→relieve vt.使减轻;缓解→relieved adj.轻松的;解脱的 9.unemployed adj.失业的;待业的→employ vt.雇用;利用→employment n.就业;使用;雇用;工作→employer n.雇主→employee n.雇员 10.equipment n.设备;装备→equip vt.装备;配备 11.talent n.天才;天资;天赋→talented adj.有天赋的;天才的 12.piano n.钢琴→pianist n.钢琴家 13.assume vt.以为;假设→assumption n.假设;推断→assuming conj.假设;假定 14.addition n.添加;加法;增加物→additional adj.附加的;另外的→add vt.添加;增加 15.treatment n.治疗;对待;处理→treat vt.治疗;对待;招待 n.乐趣;款待 16.satisfaction n.满足;满意;欣慰→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfactory adj.令人满意的 17.various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→variety n.多样性→vary v.变化 18.repetition n.重复;重做→repeat vt.重复 19.reaction n.反应;回应→react vi.(对……)作出反应 短语 一、重点短语 1.fall in love with 爱上 2.absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志 3.set sth up 安装好(设备或机器);成立;创立 4.try out 参加……选拔(或试演)  5.in addition (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还) 6.from (then) on 从(那)时起 7.get through (设法)处理;完成;打通(电话);通过;用完;度过(困难时期)  8.touch one’s heart/soul 触动某人的心灵 9.enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 10.graduate from 毕业于 二、课本必背词块 1. be uploaded onto the Internet 上传到互联网上 2. become part of the global community 成为全球社区的一部分 3. go through various periods 经历不同时期 4. receive a master’s degree 获得硕士学位 5. original compositions 原创歌曲 6. make the world a better place 使世界变得更美好 7. go through a two-hour medical treatment 接受两个小时的治疗 8. give me hope and a sense of satisfaction 给我希望和满足感 9. treasure music 珍爱音乐 熟词生义 1. form 常见义项：n. 形式；表格 生义：v. 组成；组建；形成 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：They formed a band in 2018 and quickly became popular.（他们于2018年组建了一支乐队，并迅速走红。） ▶ 常见义项例句：Fill in the form with your personal information.（用你的个人信息填写表格。） ▶ 生义例句：A plan began to form in her mind.（一个计划开始在她脑海中形成。） 2. rock 常见义项：n. 岩石；摇滚乐 生义：v. （使）摇晃；震动 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页词汇表）：rock n. 岩石；摇滚乐 v. 摇晃；震动 ▶ 常见义项例句：The mountain is covered with huge rocks.（这座山覆盖着巨大的岩石。） ▶ 生义例句：The boat rocked gently on the water.（船在水面上轻轻摇晃。） 3. hit 常见义项：v. 打击；碰撞 生义：n. 成功；热门作品（如歌曲、电影等） ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第33页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：Their first single was a huge hit.（他们的第一首单曲大获成功。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He hit his head on the door.（他的头撞到了门上。） ▶ 生义例句：The song became a hit all over the world.（这首歌风靡全球。） 4. record 常见义项：n. 记录；唱片 /ˈrekɔːd/ 生义：v. 录制；记录 /rɪˈkɔːd/ ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：They went to the studio to record their new album.（他们去录音室录制新专辑。） ▶ 常见义项例句：She broke the world record for the 100 meter dash.（她打破了100米短跑的世界纪录。） ▶ 生义例句：We need to record every detail of the experiment.（我们需要记录实验的每个细节。） 5. play 常见义项：v. 玩耍；演奏（乐器） 生义：n. 戏剧；剧本 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第37页词汇表）：play n. 戏剧；剧本 v. 玩耍；演奏 ▶ 常见义项例句：He likes to play the guitar in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间弹吉他。） ▶ 生义例句：Shakespeare’s plays are still popular today.（莎士比亚的戏剧如今依然受欢迎。） 6. case 常见义项：n. 情况；案例 生义：n. 容器；盒子（如琴盒、行李箱） ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第31页阅读课文“THE BAND THAT WASN’T”）：He carried his violin case into the concert hall.（他提着小提琴盒走进音乐厅。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a special case that requires careful consideration.（这是一个需要仔细考虑的特殊情况。） ▶ 生义例句：She packed her clothes into a small case.（她把衣服装进一个小箱子里。） 7. tap 常见义项：v. 轻敲；轻拍 生义：n. 水龙头 ▶ 教材语境：Don’t leave the tap running when you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention.（他轻拍我的肩膀以引起我的注意。） 8. concert 常见义项：n. 音乐会 生义：n. 和谐；一致（书面语） ▶ 教材语境：The colors in the painting are in perfect concert.（这幅画的色彩十分和谐。） ▶ 常见义项例句：They bought tickets for the rock concert.（他们买了摇滚音乐会的门票。） 句型 · 句型公式1. as引导非限制性定语从句 【教材原句】： As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to ...forget my problems. With music, I become someone else.”（出自人教版必修二Unit5第44页Reading and Thinking课文 “THE VIRTUAL CHOIR”） （2021年全国乙卷 阅读理解）As the research shows, listening to music can reduce stress and improve concentration. （2020年浙江卷语法填空改编）As is known to all, music plays an important role in emotional healing. · 句型公式2. it’s an honour to do sth做某事感到非常荣幸 【教材原句】： It’s an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life.（出自人教版必修二Unit5第45页Reading and Thinking部分 “The Power of Music”） （2022年浙江卷 书面表达）It’s an honour to be invited to share my experience in learning traditional music. （2021年天津卷）It’s an honour for me to attend the international music festival as a volunteer. · 句型公式3. way作先行词的定语从句 【教材原句】： During those times, music can help you in the same way that it helped me.（出自人教版必修二Unit5第46页Reading for Writing部分 “Music: My Forever Friend”） （2021年全国甲卷 语法填空）She showed me the way that/which music could connect people worldwide.（真题原题改编） （2020年江苏卷）The way in which he composed music inspired many young artists.（真题原题，出自阅读理解选项） 语法 过去分词作表语和状语 （一）词形转换语境填空练习 1. (energy) 基础版：Solar power is a clean ______. He is always_____________ and never runs out of ______. 进阶层1：Solar power, a clean ______, benefits the environment. He’s_____________ and never lacks ______. 进阶层2：As a clean ______, solar power is eco-friendly; he, always ______, never seems to run out of ______. 2. (perform) 基础版：The band will_____________ tonight. Their_____________ was amazing, and the_____________ got applause. 进阶层1：The band plans to_____________ tonight. Their_____________ amazed us, and the_____________ received much applause. 进阶层2：Tonight, the band will ______—their past ______, which was amazing, earned the_____________ loud applause. 3. (able) 基础版：This technology will_____________ us to work faster. She’s_____________ to speak three languages, with impressive ______. An accident_____________ him, but he fought his ______—he was_____________ to walk later. 进阶层1：This new technology will_____________ faster work. She’s_____________ in three languages, showing great ______. An accident_____________ him, yet he overcame his_____________ and became_____________ to walk. 进阶层2：Designed to_____________ faster work, this technology helps us; she,_____________ in three languages, has impressive ______. Though an accident_____________ him, he defied his_____________ and grew_____________ to walk. 4. (prove) 基础版：He needs to_____________ his innocence. There’s no_____________ he was at the scene. 进阶层1：He must_____________ he’s innocent. No_____________ supports his presence at the scene. 进阶层2：To clear his name, he needs to_____________ his innocence; there’s no_____________ linking him to the scene. 5. (origin) 基础版：The_____________ idea came from a dream. This is the ______,_____________ created in 1990, from a French village—its ______. 进阶层1：The_____________ idea originated in a dream. This ______,_____________ made in 1990, traces its_____________ to a French village. 进阶层2：Born from a dream, the_____________ idea inspired this ______,_____________ created in 1990; its_____________ is a small French village. 6. (gradual) 基础版：The_____________ change was hard to notice. The sun_____________ set behind mountains. 进阶层1：The_____________ change went unnoticed at first. The sun_____________ set behind the mountains. 进阶层2：At first, the_____________ change was unnoticeable; the sun, too,_____________ set behind the mountains. 7. (capable) 基础版：She is_____________ of solving the problem. He’s_____________ alone, and the machine’s_____________ is 500 liters. 进阶层1：She is_____________ of solving the problem. He’s_____________ of finishing alone, with the machine’s_____________ at 500 liters. 进阶层2：______ of solving the problem, she starts immediately; he,_____________ of working alone, uses a machine with a_____________ of 500 liters. 8. (relieve) 基础版：A walk can_____________ stress. She felt_____________ after finishing work, with a_____________ smile. 进阶层1：Taking a walk can_____________ stress. She felt_____________ post-work, her_____________ smile showing ease. 进阶层2：To_____________ stress, take a walk; she, feeling_____________ after finishing work, wore a_____________ smile. 9. (employ) 基础版：Many were_____________ during the crisis. The company will_____________ more, with rising_____________ rates. The_____________ treats_____________ well. 进阶层1：The crisis left many ______. The company plans to_____________ more, as_____________ rates rise. The_____________ treats_____________ well. 进阶层2：During the crisis, many became ______; the company, to grow, will_____________ more, with_____________ rates rising. The_____________ treats its_____________ well. 10. (equip) 基础版：The lab is_____________ with modern tools. We need new_____________ for the project. 进阶层1：The lab,_____________ with modern tools, works efficiently. We need new_____________ for the project. 进阶层2：______ with modern tools, the lab functions well; the project requires new ______. 11. (talent) 基础版：He has a_____________ for music. The_____________ singer won easily. 进阶层1：Music is his ______. The_____________ singer won the competition easily. 进阶层2：His_____________ for music shines; the_____________ singer, with great skill, won easily. 12. (piano) 基础版：She plays the_____________ well. The_____________ will perform tonight. 进阶层1：She is good at playing the ______. The_____________ will give a concert tonight. 进阶层2：Skilled at the ______, she plays beautifully; the_____________ will perform at tonight’s concert. 13. (assume) 基础版：We_____________ he’s truthful. His_____________ was wrong—______ it rains, we’ll stay home. 进阶层1：We_____________ he tells the truth. His_____________ proved wrong;_____________ rain, we’ll stay home. 进阶层2：______ he’s truthful, we listen; his ______, however, was wrong._____________ it rains, we’ll stay home. 14. (add) 基础版：Please_____________ sugar to coffee. There’s an_____________ delivery charge, and new members’_____________ strengthened the team. 进阶层1：______ sugar to the coffee, please. An_____________ delivery charge applies, and the team grew with new members’ ______. 进阶层2：To sweeten it,_____________ sugar to the coffee; an_____________ delivery charge exists, and the team’s strength comes from new members’ ______. 15. (treat) 基础版：The doctor will_____________ his illness. She got good_____________ in the hospital, and kind_____________ comforted her. 进阶层1：The doctor plans to_____________ his illness. She received good_____________ in the hospital, with kind_____________ easing her pain. 进阶层2：To cure him, the doctor will_____________ his illness; she, given good_____________ in the hospital, felt better due to kind ______. 16. (satisfy) 基础版：Your work will_____________ your parents. We’re_____________ with the result, and their_____________ faces showed_____________ service pleased them. 进阶层1：Your hard work will_____________ your parents. We’re_____________ with the result—their_____________ faces proved the service was ______. 进阶层2：Your efforts will_____________ your parents; we,_____________ with the result, saw their_____________ faces, a sign the service was ______. 17. (vary) 基础版：There are_____________ ways to solve this._____________ of opinions livened the discussion, and weather_____________ daily. 进阶层1：______ ways exist to solve this. The_____________ of opinions made the discussion lively, with weather_____________ daily. 进阶层2：______ in solutions exist for this problem; the discussion, lively due to_____________ of opinions, mirrored weather that_____________ daily. 18. (repeat) 基础版：You needn’t_____________ the words. The experiment’s_____________ ensured accuracy. 进阶层1：No need to_____________ the words. The experiment’s_____________ guaranteed accurate results. 进阶层2：______ the words is unnecessary; the experiment’s_____________ ensured accurate results. 19. (react) 基础版：How did he_____________ to the news? Her_____________ was quick, and the audience’s_____________ surprised the speaker. 进阶层1：What was his_____________ to the news? Her_____________ was fast, and the audience’s_____________ shocked the speaker. 进阶层2：We wondered how he’d_____________ to the news; her quick_____________ and the audience’s_____________ surprised the speaker. 【答案】： 1. (energy) 基础版: energy, energetic, energy 进阶层1: energy, energetic, energy 进阶层2: energy, energetic, energy 2. (perform) 基础版: perform, performance, performer 进阶层1: perform, performance, performer 进阶层2: perform, performance, performer 3. (able) 基础版: enable, able, ability, disabled, disability, able 进阶层1: enable, able, ability, disabled, disability, able 进阶层2: enable, able, ability, disabled, disability, able 4. (prove) 基础版: prove, proof 进阶层1: prove, proof 进阶层2: prove, proof 5. (origin) 基础版: original, object, originally, origin 进阶层1: original, object, originally, origin 进阶层2: original, object, originally, origin 6. (gradual) 基础版: gradual, gradually 进阶层1: gradual, gradually 进阶层2: gradual, gradually 7. (capable) 基础版: capable, capable, capacity 进阶层1: capable, capable, capacity 进阶层2: Capable, capable, capacity 8. (relieve) 基础版: relieve, relieved, relieved 进阶层1: relieve, relieved, relieved 进阶层2: relieve, relieved, relieved 9. (employ) 基础版: unemployed, employ, unemployment, employer, employees 进阶层1: unemployed, employ, unemployment, employer, employees 进阶层2: unemployed, employ, unemployment, employer, employees 10. (equip) 基础版: equipped, equipment 进阶层1: equipped, equipment 进阶层2: Equipped, equipment 11. (talent) 基础版: talent, talented 进阶层1: talent, talented 进阶层2: talent, talented 12. (piano) 基础版: piano, pianist 进阶层1: piano, pianist 进阶层2: piano, pianist 13. (assume) 基础版: assume, assumption, assuming 进阶层1: assume, assumption, assuming 进阶层2: Assuming, assumption, Assuming 14. (add) 基础版: add, additional, addition 进阶层1: Add, additional, addition 进阶层2: add, additional, addition 15. (treat) 基础版: treat, treatment, treatment 进阶层1: treat, treatment, treatment 进阶层2: treat, treatment, treatment 16. (satisfy) 基础版: satisfy, satisfied, satisfied, satisfactory 进阶层1: satisfy, satisfied, satisfied, satisfactory 进阶层2: satisfy, satisfied, satisfied, satisfactory 17. (vary) 基础版: various, Variety, varies 进阶层1: Various, variety, varies 进阶层2: Variety, variety, varies 18. (repeat) 基础版: repeat, repetition 进阶层1: repeat, repetition 进阶层2: Repeating, repetition 19. (react) 基础版: react, reaction, reaction 进阶层1: react, reaction, reaction 进阶层2: react, reaction, reaction （二）选用以下方框内的短语填空，使句子意思合理完整。 fall in love with,absorbed in sth/sb,set sth up,try out,in addition (to sb/sth),from (then) on,get through,touch one’s heart/soul,enable sb to do sth,graduate from 1.When the manager retired, his capable assistant decided to_____________ the company's operations. 2.While exploring the old attic, we hoped to_____________ some long forgotten family treasures. 3.The city authorities plan to_____________ the new neighborhood to the main road for better connectivity. 4.The rebellious region attempted to_____________ the union, sparking a major political crisis. 5.You should always_____________ for signs of wear and tear on your car's tires. 6.This antique watch_____________ my great grandfather and is a cherished family heirloom. 7.The charity event was a huge success, thanks to the volunteers who were_____________ of different tasks. 8.The new policy will_____________ traditional values_____________ modern educational methods. 9.Her warm smile and kind words really_____________ the way people see our brand. 答案： 1.have a great influence on 2.join ...to ... 3.as well as 4.take over 5.break away (from sb/sth) 6.leave behind 7.belong to 8.in charge 9.keep your eyes open (for) 二、知识点精讲 1. stringed adj. 有弦的 【教材原句】： stringed instrument(出自教材unit4词汇表，在词汇表中与instrument搭配为stringed instrument弦乐器) (1) stringed instrument 弦乐器 (2) string n. 线；绳；一串；弦 ①　(2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇) The musician carefully tuned the stringed instrument before the performance. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解D篇) Different cultures have developed various types of stringed instruments over the centuries. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解A篇) The exhibition features a collection of ancient stringed instruments from around the world. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Our school music club is planning to buy some stringed instruments, and we would appreciate your advice on the selection.（我们学校音乐俱乐部计划购买一些弦乐器，如果您能在选择上提供建议，我们将不胜感激。） 读后续写：Seated by the window, the old man gently played his stringed instrument, the soft melody carrying memories of his youth through the quiet night.（坐在窗边，老人轻轻弹奏着他的弦乐器，柔和的旋律在寂静的夜晚中承载着他青春的记忆。） 单句语法填空 ①　The ______(string) instrument produces a beautiful sound that is very different from wind instruments. ②　She is learning to play several ______(string) instruments, including the violin and the guitar. ③　The concert featured a variety of ______(string) and wind instruments. 2. composition n. 成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品 【教材原句】： The place where he studied musical composition.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1)musical composition 音乐作品；乐曲 (2) compose vt. 作曲；创作；组成 (3) composer n. 作曲者；作曲家 ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇) Beethoven's later compositions are considered among the greatest works in classical music. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) The composer spent three years finishing this musical composition. ③　(2020年江苏卷阅读理解B篇) The chemical composition of the soil affects the growth of plants in this area. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I am writing to recommend a musical composition that I believe would be perfect for our school's upcoming art festival.（我写信推荐一首音乐作品，我相信它非常适合我们学校即将到来的艺术节。） 读后续写：Having composed the melody in just one night, the young musician could hardly contain his excitement when the audience burst into thunderous applause.（只用了一晚就创作出这首旋律，当观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声时，这位年轻音乐家几乎难以抑制自己的兴奋。） 单句语法填空 ①　Beethoven is one of the greatest ______(compose) in the history of Western music. ②　The band is ______(compose) of five talented musicians from different countries. ③　She spent months writing a new musical ______(compose) for the orchestra. 3. perform vi. & vt. 表演；履行；执行 【教材原句】： Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) perform one's duty/promise 履行某人的责任/诺言 (2) perform well/badly 表现得好/差 (3) performance n. 表演；表现 (4) performer n. 表演者；演员 ①　(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇) The young pianist performed beautifully at the concert last night. ②　(2021年全国甲卷语法填空) The doctor performed the operation successfully and saved the patient's life. ③　(2020年浙江卷阅读理解A篇) Each member of the team performed his own duty perfectly during the project. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I am writing to invite you to perform at our school's annual New Year's concert, which will be held in the auditorium on December 30th.（我写信邀请您在我们学校一年一度的新年音乐会上表演，音乐会将于12月30日在礼堂举行。） 读后续写：Although she had never performed in front of such a large audience before, the young singer stepped onto the stage with a confident smile.（尽管她从未在这么多观众面前表演过，这位年轻歌手还是带着自信的微笑走上了舞台。） 单句语法填空 ①　The band will ______(perform) at the music festival next weekend. ②　Her ______(perform) in the competition impressed all the judges. ③　The soldier was praised for ______(perform) his duty bravely. 4. enable vt. 使能够；使可能 【教材原句】： A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 (2) able adj. 有能力的；能干的 (3) ability n. 能力；才能 ①　(2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇) The new technology enables farmers to monitor their crops more efficiently. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇) Online learning enables students to access educational resources from anywhere in the world. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇) The invention of the Internet has enabled people to communicate instantly across great distances. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Participating in this volunteer program will enable you to gain valuable experience and develop essential life skills.（参加这个志愿者项目将使你获得宝贵的经验并培养必要的生活技能。） 读后续写：The kind stranger's timely help enabled the lost child to find his way back home, and tears of gratitude streamed down his mother's face.（这位好心陌生人及时的帮助使迷路的孩子找到了回家的路，感激的泪水顺着孩子母亲的脸颊流下。） 单句语法填空 ①　The scholarship ______(enable) him to continue his studies abroad. ②　Regular exercise enables people ______(stay) healthy and energetic. ③　The new software ______(able) users to edit videos more easily. 5. capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的 【教材原句】： Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) be capable of(doing) sth 有能力做某事 (2) capability n. 能力；才能 (3) incapable adj. 没有能力的；不能的（反义词） ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇) She is perfectly capable of handling the difficult situation on her own. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空) The young man proved himself capable of overcoming any challenge he faced. ③　(2020年浙江卷语法填空) Only those who are capable of working under pressure will be considered for the position. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I believe I am capable of organizing this event successfully, as I have gained relevant experience from previous volunteer work.（我相信我有能力成功组织这次活动，因为我在之前的志愿者工作中获得了相关经验。） 读后续写：Capable of solving the most difficult math problems, the shy boy found himself completely at a loss when it came to expressing his feelings to others.（能够解决最难的数学问题，这个害羞的男孩在向他人表达感情时却完全不知所措。） 单句语法填空 ①　He is ______(capable) of finishing the task within two days. ②　Her ______(capable) as a leader was recognized by all the team members. ③　The injured bird was ______(capable) of flying, so we took it home to take care of it. 6. relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；宽慰；解脱 【教材原句】： Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） (1) in relief 如释重负；松了口气 (2) to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 (3) relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；解除 (4) relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的 ①　(2022年全国甲卷完形填空) To his great relief, his lost wallet was found and returned to him. ②　(2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇) The medicine brought immediate relief to the patient's pain. ③　(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) She sighed in relief when she heard that her son had arrived safely. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：To my great relief, all the arrangements for the school sports meeting have been completed ahead of schedule.（令我大为欣慰的是，学校运动会的所有安排都已提前完成。） 读后续写：To her relief, the missing child was found safe and sound in the library, and she hugged him tightly, tears streaming down her cheeks.（令她欣慰的是，失踪的孩子在图书馆被找到，安然无恙，她紧紧地抱住他，泪水顺着脸颊流下。） 单句语法填空 ①　______ his relief, he passed the final examination with flying colors. ②　The doctor gave him some medicine ______(relieve) his pain. ③　She felt a sense of ______(relieve) when she finally finished the difficult project. 7. aim n. 目的；目标 vi. & vt. 力求达到；瞄准 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） (1) with the aim of 以……为目的 (2) achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标 (3) aim to do sth 力求做某事；旨在做某事 (4) be aimed at 旨在；针对 ①　(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇) The program is aimed at helping young people develop their leadership skills. ②　(2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇) We aim to finish the project by the end of this month. ③　(2020年江苏卷阅读理解A篇) The charity event was organized with the aim of raising funds for the poor children. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：Our club was established with the aim of promoting cultural exchange among students from different countries.（我们俱乐部的建立旨在促进来自不同国家的学生之间的文化交流。） 读后续写：Aiming to win the first prize, the young pianist practiced day and night, her fingers dancing across the keys with increasing confidence and skill.（为了赢得一等奖，这位年轻钢琴家日夜练习，她的手指在琴键上飞舞，越来越自信和熟练。） 单句语法填空 ①　The new policy is aimed ______ improving the quality of education. ②　We should set a clear ______(aim) before we start the project. ③　The organization aims ______(provide) free medical care to the poor. 8. assume vt. 以为；假设；认为 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） (1) assume sb/sth to be... 假定某人/某物为…… (2) It is assumed that... 人们认为…… (3) assumption n. 假定；假设 ①　(2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇) Many people assume that classical music is boring, but this is not true. ②　(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空) It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. ③　(2020年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇) We assumed him to be the best candidate for the position. 写作佳句：​ 应用文：I assume that you have already received the invitation letter, and I am writing to confirm your attendance at the ceremony.（我假设您已经收到了邀请函，我写信是为了确认您是否出席仪式。） 读后续写：Assuming that everyone had left the classroom, the little girl quietly took out her lunch and shared it with the stray cat hiding under the desk.（以为所有人都离开了教室，小女孩悄悄地拿出午餐，与躲在桌下的流浪猫分享。） 单句语法填空 ①　We ______(assume) that the meeting would be held on Friday, but it was actually on Monday. ②　It ______(assume) that the ancient city was built over 2,000 years ago. ③　His ______(assume) that everyone would agree with him turned out to be wrong. 【答案】： 1. stringed ① stringed ② stringed ③ stringed 2. composition ① composers ② composed ③ composition 3. perform ① perform ② performance ③ performing 4. enable ① enabled ② to stay ③ enables 5. capable ① capable ② capability ③ incapable 6. relief ① To ② to relieve ③ relief 7. aim ① at ② aim ③ to provide 8. assume ① assumed ② is assumed ③ assumption （一）词汇检测 根据句子的上下文及所给的中文提示，写出符合句意的单词，每空限填一词。 1. The famous orchestra will ________ (表演) all of Beethoven's symphonies this season. 2. The plot of the novel is so ________ (复杂的) that you need to read it carefully. 3. The smell of the ocean ________ (唤起) happy memories of her childhood holidays. 4. Blues music ________ (起源) in the deep south of the United States. 5. The song has a strong ________ (节拍) that makes you want to tap your feet. 6. As a child, she showed a remarkable ________ (天赋) for languages. 7. The conference brought together scientists from diverse academic ________ (背景). 8. His writing style shows a strong ________ (影响) of classical Chinese poetry. 9. Listening to gentle music can help ________ (减轻) anxiety and promote relaxation. 10. The musical was a massive ________ (成功), running on Broadway for over ten years. 11. The ________ (歌词) of the song are about peace and love. 12. She has a very unique ________ (嗓音) that is easy to recognize. 13. The band is going on a world ________ (巡演) next year. 14. The ________ (旋律) of this folk song is beautiful and sad. 15. The music ________ (行业) has changed dramatically with the rise of streaming services. 【答案】： 1. perform(“表演”音乐作品。) 2. complex(“复杂的”，与 simple 反义。) 3. arouses / awakened(arouse/awaken memories “唤起回忆”。) 4. originated(originate in “起源于”。) 5. beat(“节拍， beats”。) 6. talent(a talent for “有…方面的天赋”。) 7. backgrounds(from diverse backgrounds “来自不同背景”。) 8. influence(show the influence of “显示出…的影响”。) 9. relieve(“减轻，缓解”压力、焦虑等。) 10.success(a massive success “巨大的成功”。) 11.lyrics(歌词，常用复数。) 12.voice(嗓音。) 13.tour(go on a tour “进行巡演”。) 14.melody(旋律，曲调。) 15.industry(the music industry “音乐产业”。) （二）课文综合语法填空练习 Music is a universal language that can bring people together from all over the world. There are many different styles of music, each with its own unique characteristics and history. Classical music, 1._____________ is often considered complex, requires great skill and discipline to perform. It 2._____________ (write) by composers like Mozart and Beethoven centuries ago. 3._____________ contrast, folk music is usually simple and reflects the daily lives and traditions of common people. It 4._____________ (pass) down from one generation to another. Jazz, 5._____________ (originate) in the United States, is known for its improvisation and syncopated rhythms. It 6._____________ (have) a major influence on many other music genres. Then came rock and roll in the 1950s, 7._____________ quickly became popular among young people. Its strong beat and electric guitars shocked many parents at that time. 8._____________ (Recent), country music has gained a wide audience. It often tells stories about love, heartbreak, and the simple life. Hip hop, which includes rapping and DJing, started in African American and Latino communities in New York. It is more than just music; it is a culture that includes art, dance, and fashion. With the 9._____________ (develop) of technology, the way we experience music 10._____________ (change) dramatically. We can now listen to music streaming online, 11._____________ (create) personal playlists, and share our favourite songs with friends instantly. 12._____________ is amazing is that anyone with a computer can become a musician, producing and distributing their own music online. Music allows us 13._____________ (express) our feelings and emotions. It can make us happy, calm us down, or energize us. 14._____________ (attend) a live concert is a fantastic experience because you can feel the energy of the crowd and the musicians. Whether you are a performer 15._____________ a listener, music can enrich your life and connect you to others. 【答案】： 1. which (考点：非限制性定语从句关系代词。指代“Classical music”，在从句中作主语。) 2. was written (考点：动词时态语态。主语“It”指代“Classical music”，与动词“write”是被动关系，且时间是“centuries ago”，故用一般过去时的被动语态。) 3. In (考点：固定搭配。“In contrast”意为“相比之下”。) 4. is passed (考点：动词时态语态。主语“It”指代“folk music”，与动词“pass down”是被动关系，且是客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。) 5. originating (考点：非谓语动词（现在分词作状语）。主语“Jazz”与动词“originate”是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句“which originated...”。) 6. has had (考点：动词时态。强调爵士乐的影响从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响，用现在完成时。) 7. which (考点：定语从句关系代词。指代“rock and roll”，在从句中作主语。) 8. Recently (考点：词性转换。此处需要副词修饰整个句子“country music has gained...”。) 9. development (考点：词性转换。介词“with”后面需要接名词形式。) 10. has changed (考点：动词时态。主语“the way”是单数，且强调变化已经发生并对现在造成影响（现在我们可以...），用现在完成时。) 11. create (考点：非谓语动词（并列结构）。此处与前面的“listen to”和后面的“share”并列，共同作“can”的谓语动词，故用动词原形。) 12. What (考点：主语从句连接词。“__ is amazing”是整个句子主语，从句中缺少主语，指代“anyone with a computer can become a musician”这件事，故用“What”。) 13. to express (考点：非谓语动词（动词不定式作宾语补足语）。“allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配。) 14. Attending (考点：非谓语动词（动名词作主语）。动词原形“attend”不能作主语，需变为动名词形式。) 15. or (考点：并列连词。“whether... or...”是固定搭配，意为“无论是...还是...”。) 三、语法清单 过去分词作表语和状语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."Everyone was excited about the upcoming festival." "excited" 作表语，放在系动词 "was" 后，描述主语 "Everyone" 的状态，“感到兴奋的”。 2. "Built in the 15th century, the temple has a long history." "Built in the 15th century" 作状语，表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 "After it was built in the 15th century"。 3. "Deeply moved by his words, she decided to change her mind." "Deeply moved by his words" 作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句 "Because she was deeply moved by his words"。 （二）高考真题感知 1.（2024 全国卷模拟）______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Saw 【答案】：B。解析：过去分词短语"Seen from the top of the mountain"作状语，表条件或时间， city与see是被动关系，“当从山顶看时/如果从山顶看”。 2.（2020 天津卷短文改错）The window was remained open all night. 【答案】：remained 改为 left。解析：remain 为系动词，后接形容词open作表语，本身无被动语态。表示“被保持/被留下”某种状态应用过去分词left作表语，即was left open。 3.（2022 浙江卷）______ in a friendly way, the problem was solved easily. A. Handling B. Handled C. To handle D. Handle 【答案】：B。解析：过去分词短语"Handled in a friendly way"作原因状语，problem与handle是被动关系，“因为以友好的方式被处理”。 4.（2021 全国乙卷）______ by the teacher, Li Ming worked harder than ever before. A. Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Encourage 【答案】：B。解析：过去分词短语"Encouraged by the teacher"作原因状语，Li Ming与encourage是被动关系，“因为受到老师的鼓励”。 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）用法分类 过去分词作表语 1.位置与功能：位于系动词（如 be, seem, feel, look, become, remain, get 等）之后，描述主语的状态、特征或感受。此时过去分词形容词化。 例句：He seemed disappointed at the news. （他对消息似乎感到失望。） 例句：The door remained locked. （门仍然是锁着的。） 2.与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语：强调主语所处的状态。 例句：The glass is broken. （玻璃杯是碎的。 状态） 被动语态：强调动作本身。 例句：The glass was broken by Tom. （玻璃杯被汤姆打碎了。 动作） 典例：判断：The store is closed now. (状态) / The store is closed at 6 p.m. every day. (动作) 【答案】：第一句强调状态“关着门的”，第二句强调动作“被关闭”。 3.常见作表语的过去分词：多表示人的情感或状态，如 interested, excited, moved, tired, pleased, satisfied, surprised, frightened, worried, disappointed, exhausted, bored 等。 例句：We were satisfied with the result. （我们对结果感到满意。） 过去分词作状语 1.功能：过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 2.各类型状语详解： 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句：Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. (= When the park is seen from the hill...) 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。 例句：Seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately. (= Because he was seriously injured...) 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。 例句：Given more time, we could do it better. (= If we were given more time...) 让步状语：相当于一个让步状语从句。 例句：Although built decades ago, the bridge is still in good condition. (= Although it was built decades ago...) 方式或伴随状语：表示动作发生的方式或伴随状态。 例句：She came in, followed by her dog. （她进来了，后面跟着她的狗。） 3.省略：过去分词作状语时，前面常可带有连词 when, while, if, unless, although, though, as if 等，使句意更清晰。 例句：When asked about his opinion, he kept silent. （当被问及他的意见时，他保持沉默。） 例句：Even if invited, I won't go. （即使被邀请，我也不会去。） 4.与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词：与主语构成被动关系（Deeply moved, she thanked them.） 现在分词：与主语构成主动关系（Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.） 典例：选择：______ (Seeing/Seen) from space, the earth looks blue. 【答案】：Seen。解析：earth与see是被动关系，“被从太空看”。 （二）特殊注意事项 1.悬垂结构：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为悬垂结构，是常见错误。 ✘ 错误：Punished by the teacher, the book was taken away. （书不会被老师惩罚） ✔ 正确：Punished by the teacher, the boy had his book taken away. （男孩被老师惩罚） 典例：改正句子：Running quickly, the finish line was crossed. 【答案】：Running quickly, he crossed the finish line. (原句主语finish line不能run)] 2.固定结构：有些过去分词短语已成固定搭配，无需考虑逻辑主语（如 strictly speaking, generally considered, judging from等）。 例句：Judging from his accent, he is from the south. （从他的口音判断...） （一）单句填空 1.The audience got_____________ (bore) during the long speech. 【答案】：bored。解析：get作系动词，后接过去分词作表语，描述主语"audience"的感受“感到无聊”。 2.______ (Give) enough support, they will succeed. 【答案】：Given。解析：过去分词短语作条件状语，they与give是被动关系，“如果被给予足够的支持”。 3.The girl sat in the corner,_____________ (absorb) in her book. 【答案】：absorbed。解析：过去分词短语作伴随状语，girl与absorb是被动关系，“沉浸于书中”。 （二）选项填空 1.______ twice, he didn't want to try again. A. Failing B. Failed C. Having failed D. To fail 【答案】：C。解析：现在分词的完成式"Having failed"作原因状语，表主动且动作在先。若用"Failed"则表被动，不合逻辑。 2.The news sounds ______. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. encouragement 【答案】：A。解析：sound作系动词，后接现在分词"encouraging"（令人鼓舞的）修饰物"news"。若用"encouraged"（感到鼓舞的）则修饰人。 3.______ in white, she looks like a nurse. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. To dress D. Dress 【答案】：B。解析：过去分词短语"Dressed in white"作原因或方式状语，she与dress是被动关系，“因为穿着白色衣服”或“以穿着白色衣服的样子”。 （三）翻译句子 1.如果被给予机会，我会毫不犹豫地去国外学习。 Given the opportunity, I would not hesitate to study abroad. 2.因为深受感动，她承诺要帮助那些需要帮助的人。 Deeply moved, she promised to help those in need. 3.那位教授虽然年逾古稀，但仍然精力充沛。 Although advanced in years, the professor is still energetic. 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 围绕音乐的文化价值、情感传递、传统与现代融合等角度展开，常见体裁包括说明文（如传统音乐介绍）、记叙文（如学乐器经历）、观后感（如音乐会评论）。 结构参考： 1. 开头： 引入音乐背景或个人经历，说明写作缘由。例如：介绍一种传统乐器、一场音乐会，或音乐在生活中的意义。 2. 主体： 详细描述相关内容，可包括： 音乐的历史起源、文化内涵； 个人与音乐的故事、感受体验； 传统音乐与现代音乐的碰撞与融合； 音乐传承与保护的重要性。 3. 结尾： 总结音乐的价值，强调其对文化、情感的意义，呼吁重视音乐传承或分享音乐带来的感悟。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1.开头常用语 (1) It's universally acknowledged that music serves as a bridge connecting different cultures and emotions. 不可否认，音乐是连接不同文化与情感的桥梁。 (2) These days, the power of music to heal, inspire, and unite people has become a hot topic of discussion. 如今，音乐治愈、激励与凝聚人心的力量已成为热议话题。 2. 主体部分常用语 (1) On the one hand, traditional music preserves cultural heritage: instruments like the guzheng carry the soul of Chinese history, while folk songs record the stories of ancestors. 一方面，传统音乐保存文化遗产：古筝等乐器承载着中国历史的灵魂，而民歌记录着祖先的故事。 (2) On the other hand, modern music faces challenges: the commercialization of pop music sometimes overshadows its artistic value, and traditional musical forms are at risk of fading away. 另一方面，现代音乐面临挑战：流行音乐的商业化有时掩盖了其艺术价值，传统音乐形式也面临失传的风险。 (3) A deeper understanding of music reveals its dual role: while it entertains, it also serves as a mirror reflecting the spiritual needs of society. 深入理解音乐可知其双重角色：它既提供娱乐，也作为反映社会精神需求的镜子。 3. 结尾常用语 (1) In conclusion, music is not just a collection of notes, but a living legacy that deserves to be preserved and celebrated across generations. 总之，音乐不仅是音符的集合，更是值得代代传承与歌颂的鲜活遗产。 (2) Let's embrace both the traditional and the modern in music, ensuring that its power to connect and inspire continues to thrive in the digital age. 让我们在音乐中拥抱传统与现代，确保其连接与激励的力量在数字时代持续绽放。 相关词汇 traditional instrument 传统乐器 cultural heritage 文化遗产 melody 旋律 rhythm 节奏 compose 作曲 concert 音乐会 folk song 民歌 artistic value 艺术价值 【示例·分步写作】 写一篇关于学习传统乐器经历的短文。 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 记叙文 人称 第一人称 时态 一般过去时（经历）、一般现在时（感悟） 框架 第一段：引入学习的乐器及缘由； 第二段：学习过程中的挑战与收获； 第三段：乐器对个人或文化的意义。 第二步：要点翻译 1. 三年前我开始学习古琴。 I started learning the guqin three years ago. 2. 起初指法很难，但坚持后发现它能平静我的心情。 The finger techniques were difficult at first, but after persistence, I found it could calm my mind. 3. 我意识到保护传统乐器就是保护文化记忆。 I realized that protecting traditional instruments is protecting cultural memories. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句合并句子，添加分词短语 The guqin has a history of over 3,000 years. It is known as the "instrument of the sages". The guqin, having a history of over 3,000 years, is known as the "instrument of the sages", which reflects the spiritual pursuit of ancient Chinese scholars. （用现在分词短语“having a history...”作定语；用which引导从句说明意义。） 2. 用Not only...but also...倒装结构强调并列影响 Playing the guqin relieves my stress. It connects me to my cultural roots. Not only does playing the guqin relieve my daily stress, but it also deeply connects me to the cultural wisdom hidden in its melodies. （Not only置于句首引起倒装；过去分词短语“hidden in...”作定语。） 3. 用Only+状语从句倒装，结合动名词作宾语 We should practice traditional instruments. We can keep the culture alive. Only by practicing traditional instruments like the guqin can we ensure the survival of cultural art forms, turning ancient music into a bridge between past and present. （Only+状语倒装；动名词短语“turning...into...”作结果状语。） 第四步：连句成篇 The Guqin: A Melody Connecting Past and Present Three years ago, I stumbled upon the guqin at a cultural exhibition, a traditional Chinese instrument having a history of over 3,000 years. Drawn by its elegant appearance, I decided to learn it, though the initial days were filled with struggles— the finger techniques, which required precise control, felt almost impossible to master. As I practiced daily, the guqin gradually became more than a hobby. Not only did playing its strings relieve the pressure of schoolwork, but the melodies also transported me to ancient times, where poets composed verses while listening to such music. One moment that struck me was when my teacher said, "Each note on the guqin is a letter from our ancestors." That day, I realized the instrument was a living record of Chinese philosophy. Today, as I play "Guangling San" on the guqin, I see the strings as bridges connecting me to sages like Confucius. Only by preserving such musical traditions can we prevent cultural memories from fading, for music is not just sound but a legacy that defines who we are. The guqin has taught me that in every pluck of its strings, the past whispers to the present, urging us to listen. 列出作文中高级语法与结构： 1. 主从复合句： “which required precise control”（定语从句） “where poets composed verses...”（定语从句） “that the instrument was a living record”（宾语从句） 2. 非谓语动词： “having a history of...”（现在分词作定语） “hidden in its melodies”（过去分词作定语） “connecting me to sages”（现在分词作定语） 3. 倒装句： “Not only did playing the guqin relieve...”（Not only倒装） “Only by preserving...can we prevent...”（Only倒装） 4. 高级连接词： “stumbled upon”“drawn by”“urging us to”等，替代基础词汇“found”“attracted by”“asking us to”。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $