选修二 U1-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

选修2一unit1词汇精讲 release 词义与词性 。词义1(v.)::释放；放出；放走；例句：The farmers released the cows into the field..(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):发布；发行；公布；例句：The company will release its annual report next week.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(n.):释放；放出；例句：The prisoner was granted early release..（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：release ·形容词：releasable;动词过去式和过去分词：released;动词现在分词：releasing;例句：The releasable energy of this chemical reaction is very large..（来源：专业化学词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：free:动词，释放：例句：They freed the hostages.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：publish:动词，发布；例句：The newspaper published an article about the event.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:release from从…释放；适用于描述释放某人或某物的场景，语法上from后接 被释放的来源；例句：He was released from prison.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：release sb/sth to:把某人/某物交给；适用于描述移交的场景，语法上to后接接收 的对象；例句：The police released the suspect to his lawyer.(来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：release into:释放到：适用于描述将某物放入某个空间的场景，语法上into后接放 入的空间；例句：They released the fish into the river.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：on general release:(影片)公映；适用于描述影片上映的场景；例句： The movie wrill be on general release next week.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The new software (release)last month.(答案released) ·考法2：考察固定搭配release from 。原题：The bird was (release)from the cage.(答案：released) 1 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 trap 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):陷阱；罗网；夹子；圈套；诡计：例句：The police set a trap to catch the thief.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.)::使落入险境：使陷入困境；例句：They were trapped in the burning building. (来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.):卡住；夹住；绊住；缠住；例句：She trapped her finger in the door.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：trapper;指设陷阱捕猎的人；例句：The trapper caught a lot of animals this winter, (来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式/过去分词：trapped;规则变化，直接加ed;例句：The mouse was trapped in the cage.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：trapping:直t接加-ing: 例句：He is trapping animals in the forest..（来源：牛津高阶词典） 同近义词 ·近义词：snare(n./v.):陷阱；诱捕；侧重于用圈套捕捉；例句：The hunter used a snare to catch the rabbit.（来源：韦氏词典)- ·近义词：entrap(v.):使陷入圈套；诱捕；更强调用计谋诱使；例句：The police entrapped the suspect.(（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:set a trap for sb.:给某人设圈套；适用于描述设计陷害他人的场景，语法上for后 接被陷害的对象；例句：They set a trap for the enemy.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：be trapped in:被困在…；适用于描述人或物陷入某种困境的场景，语法上in后 接被困的地点或情况；例句：The miners were trapped in the mine..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：trap sb.into(doing)sth.:诱使某人做某事；适用于描述通过欺骗等手段让某人做 某事的场景，语法上into后接动词-ing形式或名词；例句：He trapped me into signing the contract..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The bear (trap)in the net yesterday.(答案：was trapped) ●. 考法2：考察固定搭配be trapped in ● 原题：Many people were (trap)in the traffic jam this morning.（答案：trapped) 2 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 critical 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):关键的，至关重要的；例句：This decision is critical to our future.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（adj.):批评的，批判性的；例句：He has a critical attitude towards everything.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(adj.):危急的，严重的；例句：The patient is in a critical condition.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 词性转换 。副词：critically;例句：You need to think critically about this problem.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·名词：criticism;例句：He couldn't accept the criticism..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。名词：critic;例句：The play was well-received by the critics.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：crucial(adj.):关键的；例句：Speed is crucial in an emergency.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：important(adj.):重要的：例句：Health is important..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：fault-finding(adj.):爱挑剔的；例句：He is a fault-finding person..（来源：韦 氏词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：be critical of:对…持批评态度；适用于表达个人观点场景，语法上of后接被批 评的对象；例句：She is always critical of her students..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：at a critical moment:在关键时刻；适用于描述时间节点场景；例句：He showed his courage at a critical moment.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：critical condition:危急状况；适用于描述病人病情或事物状态场景；例句：The city is in a critical condition after the earthquake.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：critical thinking:批判性思维；适用于教育、学习场景；例句：We should develop critical thinking sk2lls.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察形容词词义“关键的” 。原题：（某地高考模拟题）This is a moment in our history..(答案：critical)) 考法2：考察固定搭配be critical of 原题：（某地模拟题）Don't be so others..(答案：critical of) 3 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 dozen 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):(一)打，十二个；例句：I bought a dozen eggs.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):(几十)个，许多；例句：I're been there dozens of times.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：score:名词，二十；例句：A score of people were present.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:a dozen:一打，十二个；适用于描述数量为十二个的场景，语法上后接可数名词复 数；例句：She bought a dozen roses..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：dozens of:许多，几十；适用于描述数量较多的场景，后接可数名词复数；例句： Dozens of students participated in the activity.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：half a dozen:半打，六个；适用于描述数量为六个的场景，后接可数名词复数；例 句：I'd like half a dozen eggs.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：several dozen:几打；适用于描述数量为多个十二的场景，后接可数名词复数：例 句：He sold several dozen shirts..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法l:考察dozen的单复数用法 。原题：I need three dozen)apples.(答案：dozen) 考法2：考察固定搭配dozens of 原题： (dozen)of tourists visit the city every year.(答案：Dozens) 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 construction 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):建造；建设：施工；例句：The construction of the new bridge will take two years.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词义2(n.):建筑物；建造物：例句：The ancient construction attracts many tourists.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3（n.):解释；说明；例句：The construction of this law is still controversial.（来源： 韦氏词典) 词性转换 。动词：construct 。形容词：constructive ·副词：constructively;例句：We should give some constructive advice.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：building(n.):建筑物；例句：The building is very tal.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：erection(n.):a建造；搭建；例句：The erection of the monument took several months.. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：under construction:正在建设中；适用于描述建筑物等处于建设状态的场景，语法 上直接用于描述对象；例句：The new hospital is under construction.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：construction site:建筑工地；适用于描述建筑施工的地点场景，语法上作名词短语： 例句：There are many workers on the construction site.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：construction work:建筑工程；适用于描述建筑相关的工作场景，语法上作名词短 语；例句：The construction work will be finished next year..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其常用词义 。原题：The (construct)of the railway is of great importance.(construction) ● 考法2：考察与该词相关的搭配 。原题：The city is famous for its modern (construct).(答案：constructions) 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 extend 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):延伸：延长；扩展；例句：The road extends for miles into the mountains.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):提供；给予；例句：They extended a warm welcome to us..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3（v.)::使竭尽全力；例句：You'll have to extend yourself more if you want to pass your exams.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：extensive;广阔的，广泛的；例句：He has extensive knowledge of history.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。名词：extension;延伸，扩展；例句：The extension of the railway will bring more tourists to the area..（来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：extended;例句：The deadline has been extended to next Friday..（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：extending;例句：The company is extending its business overseas.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：stretch:动词，伸展；例句：She stretched her arms out.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：expand:动词，扩大；例句：The business has expanded rapidly in recent years.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。近义词：ofer:动词，提供；例句：He offered to help me.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：extend to:延伸到：适用于描述空间或时间的延伸场景，语法上to后接延伸的地点 或时间：例句：The forest extends to the river.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：extend sth.tosb.:向某人提供某物；适用于给予帮助、邀请等场景，语法上to后 接接受的人；例句：We should extend a helping hand to those in need.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：extend for:延续；适用于描述距离或范围的延续场景；例句：The beach extends for miles..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：extend one''s thanks to sb.:向某人表示感谢；适用于表达感激的场景；例句：I'd like to extend my thanks to all of you.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：The school (extend)the summer vacation last year.extended) 考法2：考察固定搭配extend sth.tosb. 原题：They decided to an invitation the new neighbors..（答案：extend to) 6 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 bath 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):沐浴；洗澡；例句：I take a bath every night.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（n.):浴缸；浴盆；例句：Fill the bath with warm water.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(v.)::给…洗澡；例句：I bath my baby every evening.（来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 。名词：bather;例句：The bather swam out to sea.(来源：柯林斯词典) ·动词：bathe:例句：You should bathe the wound regulark以.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去 式和过去分词：bathed;例句：She bathed the child and put him to bed.（来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 。同义词：shower:名词，淋浴；例句：I prefer to have a shower in the morning..（来源：牛 津高阶词典)- 。近义词：bathe:动词，给…洗澡；例句：She bathed her baby genthy.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:take a bath:洗澡；适用于描述个人清洁行为的场景，语法上用take a bath表示进 行洗澡这个动作；例句：I like to take a bath before going to bed.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：have a bath:洗澡：与take a bath意思相近，同样适用于描述洗澡的场景；例句： She had a bath to relax.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：bath in:沉浸于；适用于描述沉浸在某种氛围或环境中的场景，语法上n后接沉浸 的对象：例句：The city is bathed in sunlight.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式 。原题：There are two (bath)in this house.(答案baths) 。考法2：作动词，考察其过去式形式 原题：She (bath)her dog yesterday..(答案bathed) 7 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 scream 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):尖叫；高声喊；呼啸；发出尖锐刺耳的声音；例句：She screamed when she saw the mouse.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音；例句：We heard screams coming from the house..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：scream 。形容词：screaming 。副词：screamingly;例句：The child let out a screaming cry.（来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在 分词：screaming;例句：The fans were screaming with excitement..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词过去式和过去分词：screamed;例句：She screamed that there was a snake under the bed, (来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：shriek:动词，尖叫；例句：She shrieked in fright..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：yel:动词，大喊；例句：He yelled at the children to be quiet..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：screech::动词，尖叫；例句：The brakes screeched as the car stopped.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：scream at sb.:对某人大声叫嚷；适用于生气或情绪激动时对人说话的场景，语法 上at后接被叫嚷的人；例句：Don't scream at me!（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：scream for sth.:强烈要求；适用于表达强烈需求的场景，语法上for后接需求的事 物；例句：The people are screaming for justice..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：scream out::突然大叫：适用于突然发出尖叫的场景；例句：She screamed out in paim.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语4：scream with sth.:因…而尖叫；适用于描述因某种情绪而尖叫的场景，语法上with 后接情绪；例句：The girls screamed with terror.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：The kids were (scream)with laughter.(答案：screaming) 考法2：考察固定搭配scream at sb. 。原题：You shouldn't your mother like that..（答案：scream at) 8 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 minor 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):较小的：次要的；轻微的；例句：He suffered a minor injury in the accident. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义2(n.):未成年人；辅修科目；例句：In many countries,,it is illegal to sell alcohol to minors..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义3(v.):辅修；例句：She minors in French.（来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 ● 形容词：minor 。名词：minority ● 动词：minor 。副词：minimally;例句：The minority of students supported the new policy.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：secondary:形容词，次要的 。近义词：inferior:形容词，次要的 ·近义词：subordinate::形容词，次要的；例句：This is a secondary issue..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：minor in:辅修适用于描述学习课程的场景，语法上in后接辅修的科目；例句：I minor in mus2c.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：a minor role:次要角色；适用于描述戏剧、电影等场景，语法上role用单数；例句： He played a minor role in the pla.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：minor injury:轻伤：适用于描述受伤的场景，语法上injury用单数：例句：He has a minor injury in his leg..(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：minor issue::次要问题；适用于描述讨论问题的场景，语法上issue用单数；例句： This is just a minor issue.（来源：柯林斯词典)》 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级和最高级形式 。原题：This problem is (minor)than that one.(答案：more minor) 考法2：考察名词形式minority 原题：The (minor)of people prefer reading books to watching TV.(答案：minority) 9 选修2一unit1词汇精讲 cigarette 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):香烟，卷烟；例句：He lit a cigarette and puffed on it.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：cigaret:名词，香烟；例句：He offered me a cigaret..（来源：韦氏大词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:a pack of cigarettes:一包香烟；适用于描述购买或持有香烟数量的场景，语法上用 a pack of修饰可数名词复数；例句：He bought a pack of cigarettes at the store.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·短语2：smoke a cigarette:吸烟；适用于描述吸烟行为的场景，语法上smoke后接香烟；例 句：He likes to smoke a cigarette after dinner..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：light a cigarette:点烟：适用于描述开始吸烟的动作场景，语法上light后接香烟； 例句：She lit a cigarette and took a deep puff.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词复数形式 。原题：He smokes three (cigarette)every day.（答案：cigarettes) 10