必修三 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解(译林版)

2025-09-30
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必修3一unit4词汇精讲 broad 词义与词性 。词义1(adj.)::宽的,广阔的:例句:The river is very broad..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.)::广泛的,普遍的;例句:We need to take broad measures to solve this problem. (来源:柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):概括的,大致的;例句:Give me a broad idea of what happened..(来源:朗 文当代词典) 词性转换 。副词:broadly:广泛地,大体上;例句:Broadly speaking,.the plan is a good one..(来源:牛 津高阶词典) 。名词:breadth;宽度,广度;例句:The breadth of the river is about2O0 meters.(来源:柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词:wide(adj.):宽的:例句:The wide road can hold four cars side by side.(来源:牛 津高阶词典) ·近义词:extensive(adj.):广泛的:例句:He has extensive knowledge of history.(来源:柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1:broad daylight:大白天,光天化日之下:适用于描述在白天公开发生某事的场景, 语法上常作时间状语;例句:The robbery happened in broad daylight.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。短语2:broad mind:宽宏大量的心胸:适用于描述人的性格特点场景,语法上作名词短语; 例句:A person with a broad mind is easy to get along with.(来源:朗文当代词典) 。短语3:broad range:广泛的范围:适用于描述事物涵盖范围的场景,语法上作名词短语: 例句:This store offers a broad range of products.(来源:柯林斯词典) 短语4:broad hint:明显的暗示;适用于描述暗示程度的场景,语法上作名词短语;例句: He gave me a broad hint that he wanted to leave.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1:考察形容词作定语修饰名词 。原题:We have a (broad)understanding of the problem.(答案:broad) 。考法2:考察固定搭配broad range of 。原题:The library has a books.(答案:broad range of) 1 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 deadly 词义与词性 。词义1(adj.):致命的,致死的;例句:Snake bites can be deadly.(来源:柯林斯词典) 。词义2(adj.):极度的,十足的:例句:He has a deadly fear of heights.(来源:牛津高阶 词典) ·词义3(adv.)::非常,极;例句:The silence was deadly.(来源:韦氏词典) 词性转换 。名词:death;例句:His death was a great shock to us.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。动词:die;例句:The old man died last year.(来源:柯林斯词典) ·形容词:dead;例句:The fish is dead.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词:fatal(adj.):致命的;例句:The accident was fatal to him.(来源:牛津高阶词典) ·近义词:lethal(adj.):致命的;例句:This chemical is lethal if swallowed.(来源:柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:deadly weapon:致命武器;适用于描述武器危险性的场景,语法上直接修饰名词; 例句:A gun is a deadly weapon..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2:deadly enemy:死敌:适用于描述敌对关系的场景,语法上修饰名词:例句:They are deadly enemies..(来源:柯林斯词典) 。 短语3:deadly poison:致命毒药:适用于描述毒药性质的场景,语法上修饰名词;例句: This is a deadly poison..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 短语4:deadly silence:极度寂静:适用于描述安静氛围的场景,语法上修饰名词;例句: There was a deadly silence in the room.(来源:韦氏词典) 典型考法 ·考法1:作形容词,考察其修饰名词的用法 。原题:The (deadly)virus has caused many deaths.(答案:deadly) ● 考法2:考察固定搭配“deadly weapon” 原题:The police found a in the suspect's house.(答案:deadly weapon) 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 survival 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):生存:存活:例句:The fittest creatures have the best chance of survival..(来 源:牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):幸存事物:遗物:例句:This tradition is a survival from pre-Christian times. (来源:柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。动词:survive;例句:The man survived the plane crash..(来源:牛津高阶词典)- ·形容词:survivable;例句:The injury is survivable.(来源:韦氏词典)- 。名词:survivor;例句:There were few survivors from the accident.(来源:柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。同义词:existence(n.):存在;例句:Scientists are searching for the existence of extraterrestrial f.(来源:牛津高阶词典) ·近义词:persistence(n.):持续;坚持;例句:His persistence in the face of difficulties is admirable.,(来源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:survival rate:存活率;适用于描述生物、患者等存活比例的场景,语法上rate是名 词;例句:The survival rate of this disease has increased in recent years..(来源:牛津高阶 词典) 。 短语2:survival skills:生存技能;适用于野外生存等场景,语法上skills是名词复数;例句: Learning survival skills is very important for outdoor activities.(来源:柯林斯词典) 短语3:the struggle for survival:生存斗争;适用于描述生物或人在艰难环境中求生存的场 景,语法上struggle是名词;例句:The struggle for survival in the wild is fierce..(来源:牛 津高阶词典) 。 短语4:survival instinct:生存本能;适用于解释生物应对危险等的自然反应场景,语法上 instinct是名词;例句:Animals have a strong survival instinct..(来源:柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1:考察名词词义 ·原题:(某地模拟题)The (survival)of the species depends on the protection of its habitat.(答案:survival) 。考法2:由动词转换为名词的词形变化 。原题:(某地高考真题)Many people failed to (survival)the earthquake.(答案: survive) 3 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 herb 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):草本植物;药草;香草例句:Fresh herbs can add a lot of flavor to your cooking. (来源:牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词:herbal(草药的:草本的)例句:Herbal teas are very popular these days.(来源:柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词:weed:名词,野草例句:The garden was full of weeds.(来源:牛津高阶词典) ·近义词:plant:名词,植物例句:All plants need light and water.(来源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:herb garden:药草园;适用于描述种植药草的场所场景,语法上herb作定语修饰 garden;例句:She has a beautiful herb garden in her backyard..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 短语2:herb tea:草药茶;适用于饮品相关场景,herb作定语修饰tea;例句:I like to drink herb tea before going to bed.(来源:柯林斯词典) 短语3:medicinal herb:草药;适用于医药相关场景,medicinal作定语修饰herb;例句:This medicinal herb can help with digestion.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1:考察名词单复数形式 。原题:Many (herb)are used in traditional medicine.(答案:herbs) 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 intend 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):打算;计划;想要;例句:I intend to take a trip next month.(来源:牛津 高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):意指;意思是;例句:What did you intend by that remark?(来源:柯林斯 词典) 。词义3(v.):为…打算(或设计):例句:This book is intended for beginners.(来源:牛 津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词:intended(有意的;预期的);例句:The intended result of the experiment was achieved.. (来源:牛津高阶词典) 。名词:intention(意图;目的);例句:I have no intention of changing my plan.(来源:柯 林斯词典) 。副词:intentionally(故意地有意地):例句:He intentionally ignored me..(来源:牛津高 阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词:mean(v.):打算;意思是;例句:I didn't mean to hurt your feelings..(来源:牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词:plan(v.):计划;例句:We plan to start a business.(来源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。 短语I:intend to do sth.:打算做某事;适用于表达个人计划或想法的场景,语法上to后 接动词原形:例句:She intends to study abroad.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 短语2:be intended for:为…打算(或设计);适用于描述物品、服务等的用途场景,语 法上for后接对象;例句:This gift is intended for your mother.(来源:柯林斯词典) 短语3:with the intention of:怀着…的意图;适用于描述行为背后的目的场景;例句:He came here with the intention of borrowing money..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1:作动词,考察其过去式和过去分词形式 ·原题:He (intend)to visit his grandparents last weekend.(答案:intended) 。考法2:考察固定搭配intend to do sth. 。原题:I (intend)to finish this task today..(答案:intend) 5 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 extract 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):提取;提炼:例句:They can extract iron from ore.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):索取:设法得到;例句:The police extracted a confession from him.(来源: 柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):摘录;选段:例句:Here is an extract from his latest novel..(来源:牛津高 阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词:extractable;例句:This substance is extractable from plants.(来源:韦氏词典) ·名词:extraction;例句:The extraction of oil takes a lot of time.(来源:牛津高阶词典)动 词过去式/过去分词:extracted;例句:They extracted the data last week..(来源:柯林斯 词典)动词现在分词:extracting;例句:He is extracting juice from the fruit..(来源:牛津 高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词:draw:动词,提取;例句:We can draw water from a well.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。近义词:derive:动词,提取;引出;例句:Thousands of English words derive from Latin. (来源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:extract sth.from sth.:从某物中提取某物;适用于描述提取物质、信息等场景,语 法上from后接被提取的对象;例句:They extracted gold from the rocks..(来源:牛津高阶 词典) ·短语2:extract information from sb.:从某人那里获取信息;适用于获取信息的场景,语法 上from后接提供信息的人;例句:The detective tried to extract information from the witness. (来源:柯林斯词典) 短语3:in extract:作为摘录:适用于提及文章、书籍等的摘录内容时,语法上一般用于句 首或句中;例句:In extract,,this passage shows the author's attitude..(来源:韦氏词典) 典型考法 。考法1:作动词,考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题:The scientists (extract)a new kind of medicine from the plant last month. (答案extracted) 。考法2:考察固定搭配extract sth.from sth, 。原题:They managed to some important information the documents. (答案:extract from) 6 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 limited 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):有限的:不多的;时间、数量、范围等方面受到限制;例句:They have only a limited amount of time to finish the task.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·动词:limit;例句:We should limit our spending.(来源:柯林斯词典) ·名词:limitation;例句:Everyone has his limitations.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词:restricted(adj.):受限制的;例句:This area is restricted to the public.(来源:柯 林斯词典)- ·近义词:finite(adj.):有限的;例句:Our resources are finite.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1:be limited to:局限于;适用于描述范围、数量等被限制的场景,语法上to后接被 限制的内容;例句:The offer is limited to one per customer.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。短语2:limited company:有限公司;适用于商业场景,是特定的商业组织形式;例句:He works for a limited company..(来源:柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1:考察形容词词义 ·原题:Our time is (imit),so we must hurry up.(答案:limited) 考法2:考察固定搭配be limited to 。原题:The number of people allowed in the room is ten.(答案:limited to) 7 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 experiment 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):实验;试验;例句:The students are doing a chemistry experiment.(来源: 牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):做试验;进行实验;例句:He likes to experiment with new methods.(来源: 柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词:experiment ● 动词:experiment 。形容词:experimental 。副词:experimentally;例句:This is an experimental approach.(来源:牛津高阶词典):The drug is being tested experimentally.(来源:柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词:test:名词/动词,测试;例句:We need to do a test on this machine.(来源:牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词:trial::名词,试验;例句:The new drug is still on trial.(来源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1:carry out an experiment:进行实验;适用于描述开展实验的场景,语法上carry out 后接实验名称;例句:They carried out an experiment to test the theory..(来源:牛津高阶 词典) ·短语2:do an experiment:做实验;适用于日常表达做实验的场景,语法上do后接实验; 例句:We did an experiment on plants.(来源:朗文当代英语词典) 。短语3:experiment on/with:用…做实验;适用于说明实验对象或材料的场景,语法上 on后接实验对象,with后接实验材料;例句:They experimented on rats..(来源:柯林斯词 典):He experimented with different chemicals..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1:作名词,考察其复数形式 。原题:The scientists conducted several (experiment)last year..(答案:experiments) 。考法2:作动词,考察其现在分词形式 。原题:Heis (experiment)with a new way to solve the problem.(答案:experi- menting) 8 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 trial 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):审判:审理;试验:试用;考验:磨难;例句:The trial lasted for five days. (来源:牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):试验性的;尝试性的:例句:We'll have a trial run before the formal per- formance.(来源:柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。动词:try;例句:He tried his best to solve the problem.(来源:牛津高阶词典) ·形容词:trialing:例句:The trialing period is three months..(来源:自编合理示例) 同近义词 ·同义词:test(n.):测试:试验 。近义词:experiment(n.):实验;试验 。近义词:attempt(n.):尝试;试图 固定搭配 。短语1:on trial:在受审;在试验中;适用于描述人接受审判或事物进行试验的场景,语法 上一般作表语:例句:The suspect is on trial.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2:trial and error:反复试验:不断摸索;适用于描述通过尝试不同方法来解决问题的 场景,语法上一般作状语;例句:We found the solution by trial and error..(来源:柯林斯 词典) ·短语3:give sth.a trial::试用某物;适用于描述对新事物进行尝试的场景,语法上give后 接要试用的物品;例句:You should give this new software a trial.(来源:自编合理示例) 。短语4:put sb.on trial:将某人送交审判;适用于法律场景,语法上put后接受审的人;例 句:They put the criminal on trial..(来源:自编合理示例) 典型考法 ·考法1:作名词,考察其单复数形式 。原题:The (trial)of the new products are very important.(答案:trials) ● 考法2:考察固定搭配on trial 。原题:The new drug is to see if it's effective.(答案:on trial) 9 必修3一unit4词汇精讲 container 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):容器;例句:The sugar is in the blue container.(来源:牛津高阶词典)) 。词义2(n.)::集装箱:例句:Containers are used to transport goods all over the world.(来 源:柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·动词:contain;:例句:The box contains a lot of books.(来源:牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 。同义词:vessel:名词,容器;例句:The vessel is used to hold water..(来源:韦氏大词典)- ·近义词:receptacle:名词,容器;例句:A waste-paper receptacle stood in the corner..(来 源:柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:shipping container:海运集装箱;适用于描述货物运输的场景,语法上直接使用;例 句:The goods are packed in shipping containers..(来源:牛津高阶词典) 。短语2:storage container:储存容器:适用于描述存放物品的场景,语法上直接使用;例句: We use storage containers to keep food fresh.(来源:柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1:考察名词的单复数形式 。原题:There are many (container)in the port.(答案:containers) 10

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必修三 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解(译林版)
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必修三 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解(译林版)
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必修三 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解(译林版)
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必修三 U4-2025高中英语单词讲解(译林版)
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