必修三 U2-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

必修3unit2词汇精讲 disaster 词义与词性 。词义1（n.)::灾难；灾祸；灾害；例句：The earthquake was a terrible disaster..(来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·词义2(n.):彻底的失败；例句：The party was a disaster.(来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：disastrous;例句：The oil spill had a disastrous effect on the environment..(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：calamity:名词，大灾难；例句：The floods were a calamity for the whole region.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 近义词：catastrophe:名词，大灾难；例句：The hurricane was a major catastrophe.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:natural disaster:自然灾害：适用于描述自然现象造成的灾害场景，语法上为常见 名词短语；例句：Tsunamis are one of the most destructive natural disasters.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·短语2：disaster area:灾区；适用于描述受灾地区的场景，语法上为名词短语：例句：The government sent aid to the disaster area.(来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：a disaster for sb/sth:对某人/某物来说是一场灾难；适用于描述某事对人或事物造 成严重负面影响的场景，语法上for后接受影响的对象：例句：The new policy is a disaster for small businesses..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数形式 。原题：Many natural (disaster)have happened this year.(答案：disasters) ● 考法2：考察名词词义 ·原题：The drought is a serious (disaster）for the farmers.(答案：disaster) 1 必修3unit2词汇精讲 injure 词义与词性 。词义1（v.)::伤害；使受伤：例句：He injured his back when he fell..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):损害；伤害（名誉、自尊等）；例句：His words injured her pride.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：injury;动词过去式和过去分词：injured;:现在分词：injuring:例句：He suffered serious injuries in the accident.（来源：牛津高阶词典)：The driver was injured in the crash.(来源： 柯林斯词典)：The boy was in danger of injuring himself..(来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：hurt:动词，伤害；例句：I didn't mean to hurt your feelings..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：harm:动词，损害；例句：Smoking can harm your health.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：damage:动词，损坏；例句：The storm damaged several houses.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:injure oneself:使自己受伤：适用于描述某人自身受伤的场景，语法上oneself根据 主语变化；例句：He injured himself while playing basketball..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：be injured in:在…中受伤：适用于描述受伤的具体事件场景，语法上in后接具 体事件：例句：She was injured in a car accident..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：seriously injured:受重伤；适用于描述受伤程度严重的场景，语法上常作表语或后 置定语；例句：The seriously injured man was sent to the hospital at once.（来源：朗文当代 英语词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：(2023某地模拟题)He (injure)his leg in the football match last week.(答案： injured) 。考法2：考察固定搭配be injured in 。原题：(2023某地高考真题)Many people were (injure)in the traffic accident (答案：injured) 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 reaction 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.)::反应；回应：例句：What was his reaction to the news?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):（对食物、药物等的)不良反应，过敏；例句：Some people have an allergic reaction to certain drugs.(来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(n.)::化学反应；例句：The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen produces water, (来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。动词：react;例句：How did she react to the news?（来源：牛津高阶词典)- 。形容词：reactive;例句：This chemical is highly reactive.(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：response:名词，反应；例句：I got no response to my letter.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：feedback:名词，反馈；例句：We need more feedback from the consumers.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:reaction to sth.:对…的反应：适用于描述人或事物对特定情况、事件等的反应场 景，语法上to后接引起反应的事物；例句：What was her reaction to the proposal?(来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：chemical reaction:化学反应；适用于化学学科相关场景；例句：A chemical reaction takes place when you mix these two substances.(来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：have a reaction to:对…有不良反应；适用于描述身体对食物、药物等的不良反 应场景；例句：She had a reaction to the penicillin.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的常用搭配 。原题：（某地模拟题）What's your (reaction)to the new policy?(答案：reaction) ·考法2：考察名词的单复数形式 。原题：（某地高考真题）The (reaction)of the audience were very positive.(答案： reactions) 3 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 crash 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.)::碰撞；撞击：坠毁；例句：The plane crashed in the mountains..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·词义2（v.):猛冲；突然闯入；例句：He crashed through the door.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):碰撞；坠毁；例句：The crash killed three people.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(n.):暴跌；倒闭；例句：the stock-narket crash（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：crash;例句：The car crash was a terrible sight.（来源：柯林斯词典)- 。形容词：crash（应急的；速成的)；例句：a crash course in French(来源：牛津高阶词典) 动词过去式/过去分词：crashed(规则变化，直接加-ed):例句：The truck crashed into a wall last night.（来源：牛津高阶词典)-动词现在分词：crashing（直接加-ing);例句：The waves are crashing against the rocks..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：collide(v.):碰撞；冲突：例句：Two trains collided head-on.(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：smash(v.):猛击：撞碎；例句：He smashed the window with a brick.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:crash into:撞上；撞到…上；适用于描述物体猛烈碰撞的场景，语法上into后接 被撞的物体；例句：The car crashed into a tree.,（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：crash out:睡一觉：适用于描述临时睡觉的场景，语法上为不及物短语：例句：Iwas so tired I crashed out on the sofa..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：stock-market crash:股市暴跌：适用于金融领域描述股市情况的场景，语法上为 名词短语；例句：The stock-market crash led to many bankruptcies.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：crash course:速成课程；适用于学习场景，语法上为名词短语；例句：She took a crash course in typing.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：Acar (crash)into a tree last night.(答案：crashed) 考法2：考察固定搭配crash into 原题：The motorcycle a bus on the road.(答案：crashed into) 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 exit 词义与词性 。词义1（n.)::出口；通道：例句：We found the nearest erit and left the building.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(n.):退场；退出；例句：His sudden exit from the party surprised everyone.（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(v.):出去；离去；例句：He exited the room quickly.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：exit 。动词：exit;现在分词：exiting:去t加-ing;例句：The passengers are exiting the train..（来 源：柯林斯词典)过去式和过去分词：exited:规则变化，直接加-ed;例句：She exited the stage gracefully..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：outlet:名词，出口；例句：The outlet of the cave was blocked..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：depart:动词，离开：例句：The train will depart in an hour..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:make an exit:离去；适用于描述人离开某个场所的场景，语法上无特殊要求：例 句：It's time to make an exit.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：exit from:从…出去；适用于描述离开某个具体地点的场景，语法上from后接地 点；例句：You can exit from the back door.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (exit)the building without saying a word.exited) ● 考法2：考察名词词义 。原题：We should find the nearest (exit)in case of fire..(答案：exit) 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 signal 词义与词性 ·词义1（(n.):信号；暗号：标志；预示：例句：A red light is usually a signal of danger.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):发信号；示意；标志着；例句：The policeman signaled the drivers to stop.(来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义3（adj.):显著的；重大的；信号的；例句：This is a signal achievement..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 词性转换 名词：signal ● 动词：signal 。形容词：signal ·副词：signally;例句：He performed signally well in the exam.（来源：韦氏词典)：动词现 在分词：signaling（美式)/signalling（英式)：例句：The driver is signaling to turn left.（来 源：牛津高阶词典)；动词过去式和过去分词：signaled(美式)/signalled(英式)；例句：The ship signaled that it was in distress.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：indication:名词，指示；迹象；例句：There are indications that the situation is improving..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：gesture:名词，手势：姿势；例句：He made a rude gesture.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：hint:名词，暗示；提示；例句：Can you give me a hint?(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：signal to sb.:向某人发信号；适用于需要传达信息给某人的场景，语法上to后接 接收信号的人；例句：He signaled to the waiter to bring the bill..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：signal for sth.:发信号要求某物；适用于需要借助信号获取物品或服务的场景，语 法上for后接需求的事物：例句：The passenger signaled for a tari..(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：give a signal:发出信号；适用于需要传达某种指令或信息的场景，语法上give后接 具体的信号；例句：The coach gave a signal for the players to start..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语4：a signal of:…的信号：适用于描述某种情况或状态的标志场景，语法上of后接 被标志的事物；例句：A smile is often a signal of happiness.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The teacher (signal)us to be quiet just now.(答案：signaled/signalled) 考法2：考察固定搭配signal to sb. 原题：He me to come closer.(答案：signaled to) 6 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 stair 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.)::楼梯；梯级；例句：She ran down the stairs..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：step(n.):台阶；梯级：指楼梯的一级；例句：Watch your step on the stairs..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：goup/down the stairs:上/下楼梯；适用于描述人在楼梯上移动的场景，语法上up 表示向上，down表示向下；例句：He went up the stairs quickly.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：on the stairs:在楼梯上；适用于描述位置的场景，语法上表示人或物处于楼梯的某 个位置；例句：I saw her on the stairs.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：stair case:楼梯间；适用于描述建筑物内楼梯所在空间的场景，语法上是名词短语； 例句：The staircase is very beautiful.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词复数形式 。原题：There are two (stair)in this building.(答案：stairs) 7 必修3unit2词汇精讲 roll 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):滚动：转动：例句：The ball rolled under the table..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2（v.)::(使)翻滚，打滚：例句：The dog rolled on the grass.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(n.):面包卷；小圆面包；例句：She had a ham and cheese roll for lunch.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：roller;例句：You can use a paint-roller to paint the wall..（来源：柯林斯词典)动 词过去式和过去分词：rolled;例句：He rolled a ball to the dog..(来源：牛津高阶词典)动 词现在分词：rolling;例句：The rolling hills look beautiful..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：rotate:动词，旋转；例句：The earth rotates around the sun.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：revolve:动词，旋转：例句：The wheels revolved slowly..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：roll up:卷起；适用于描述卷起衣物、纸张等物品的场景，语法上为动副结构：例 句：Roll up your trousers so they don't get wet..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：roll over:翻身；适用于描述人或动物翻身的场景，语法上为动副结构：例句：The baby can roll over now.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：roll out::推出：适用于描述推出新产品、新政策等场景，语法上为动副结构：例句： The company is planning to roll out a new software.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：The snowball (rol)down the hill and became bigger and bigger..（答案： rolled) 。考法2：考察固定搭配roll up ·原题：He (roll)up his sleeves and got to work.(答案：rolled) 8 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 orderly 词义与词性 。词义1(adj.)::有秩序的：整齐的：有条理的；例句：The books in the library are arranged in an orderly manner.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(adv.)::有秩序地；整齐地；例句：The children lined up orderly to enter the classroom. (来源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 。名词：order 。形容词：orderly ·动词：order;例句：You need to put your life in order.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：systematic(adj.):有系统的；有条理的；例句：They made a systematic study of the problem.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：tidy(adj.):整齐的：整洁的；例句：She keeps her room tid.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：in an orderly way:以有序的方式；适用于描述做事方式的场景，语法上作状语；例 句：The evacuation was carried out in an orderly way..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：orderly queue:有序的队伍；适用于描述排队的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句： People formed an orderly queue at the bus stop.(来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在描述事物状态的用法 。原题：The students left the classroom in an (order)manner.(答案orderly) 9 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 procedure 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::程序；手续；步骤；例句：The standard procedure is to search everyone on the premises..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。形容词：procedural;例句：Procedural fairness is an important principle in law.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：process:名词，过程；例句：Learning a lanquage is a slow process.(来源：牛津高 阶词典) 。近义词：routine: 名词，常规：例句：The routine of daily life in the army is very strict.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:standard procedure:标准程序；适用于描述规范操作流程的场景，语法上为名词短 语；例句：It's standard procedure to check all luggage.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：follow the procedure:遵循程序：适用于强调按规定做事的场景，语法上follow为 动词：例句：You must follow the procedure when you apply for a job.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：legal procedure:法律程序：适用于法律相关场景，语法上为名词短语：例句：The legal procedure can be very time-consuming.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语4：simplify the procedure:简化程序；适用于想要减少操作步骤的场景，语法上simplify 为动词；例句：We should simplify the procedure to improve efficiency..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的用法 。原题：The (procedure)for applying for a visa is quite complicated.(答案：proce- dure) 10