必修一 U2-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

必修1unt2词汇精讲 battle 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):战役：战斗：较量；斗争；例句：The battle lasted for several hours.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):与…作战；和…斗争；例句：They battled the enemy bravely.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。名词：battle 。形容词：battle-worn（久经战斗的；疲惫不堪的)；例句：The battle-worn soldiers returned home.(来源：韦氏大词典)动词过去式和过去分词：battled(规则变化，直接加-d):例句： They battled hard last year..（来源：朗文当代英语词典)动词现在分词：battling（去e加 -ing);例句：He is battling with illness..(来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：fght(v./n.):战斗；搏斗：例句：They had a fight over the money..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词：combat(n./v.):战斗；搏斗；例句：The soldiers were in combat.（来源：柯林 斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:battle with/against:与…作战；和…斗争；适用于描述对抗某人或某事的场景， 语法上with/against后接对抗的对象；例句：They battled with the enemy bravel以.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：battle for:为…而战：适用于描述为了某个目标而进行斗争的场景，语法上for后 接斗争的目标；例句：They are battling for their rights.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：in battle:在战斗中；适用于描述处于战斗状态的场景；例句：Many soldiers died in battle.,（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 短语4：win a battle:赢得一场战斗；适用于描述战斗结果的场景；例句：Our army won a great battle..(来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：Heis (battle)against cancer.（答案：battling) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配“battle with/against” ● 原题：They are (battle)with the difficulties..(答案：battling) 1 必修1unit2词汇精讲 roof 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):屋顶：顶部；例句：The heavy snow collapsed the roof..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：ceiling:名词，天花板：例句：The ceiling of the cathedral is very high.（来源：柯 林斯词典)- ·近义词：top:名词，顶部：例句：We reached the top of the mountain..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:under one's roof:在某人家里；适用于描述在他人住所的场景，语法上用于表示地 点；例句：I was glad to be under his roof when I was in trouble..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：hit the roof:大发雷霆：适用于描述人发怒的场景，语法上作谓语；例句：My father hit the roof when he saw my low grades.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：raise the roof::喧闹；大声抱怨；适用于描述吵闹或抱怨的场景，语法上作谓语；例 句：The crowd raised the roof when their team scored.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词复数形式 。原题：There are three (roof)in this picture..（答案：roofs) 2 必修1unit2词汇精讲 nest 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):鸟巢；鸟窝：巢穴：例句：The birds built a nest in the tree.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 。词义2(v.):筑巢；做窝：例句：Some birds nest in trees.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：nest 。动词：nest 。形容词：nestlike(似巢的)：例句：The nestlike structure was very interesting.（来源：韦氏 词典)动词现在分词：nesting;例句：The birds are nesting in the bushes.（来源：牛津高阶 词典)动词过去式和过去分词：nested;例句：The birds nested in the old barn.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：burrow:名词，地洞；动词，挖洞：例句：Rabbits often burrow in the ground.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：den:名词，兽穴；例句：The lion returned to its den.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：a nest of:一窝；一套；适用于描述多个同类事物聚集的场景，语法上of后接具体 事物；例句：A nest of mice lived under the house.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：nest in:在…里筑巢；适用于描述动物筑巢的场景，语法上in后接筑巢的地点： 例句：The swallows nested in the eaves.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：nest together:挤在一起；适用于描述多个物体或生物聚集在一起的场景：例句：The chicks nested together for warmth.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：There are several (nest)in the forest.(答案：nests) 考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：The birds are (nest)in the tall trees.(答案：nesting) 3 必修1unit2词汇精讲 teenager 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):青少年（指年龄在13至19岁之间的年轻人）：例句：Many teenagers like listening to pop music.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：teenage;例句：Teenage boys often like playing basketbal.（来源：柯林斯词典)；名 词复数：teenagers;例句：There are many teenagers in the park.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：adolescent:名词，青少年；例句：Adolescents often face many challenges.(来源： 牛津高阶词典)： ·近义词：youth:名词，青年；例句：The youth of today are full of energy.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:teenager problem:青少年问题；适用于讨论青少年成长过程中遇到的各种情况，语 法上为名词短语；例句：The teacher is trying to solve the teenager problem.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·短语2：teenager culture:青少年文化；适用于描述青少年群体特有的文化现象，语法上为 名词短语；例句：Teenager culture is always changing.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：teenager magazine:青少年杂志：适用于指面向青少年发行的刊物，语法上为名词 短语；例句：My sister likes reading teenager magazines.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的单复数形式 。原题：Many (teenager)are interested in this kind of game.(答案：teenagers) 必修1unit2词汇精讲 argument 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.)::争论；争吵；争辩；例句：We had an argument about politics..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义2(n.)::论据；理由；论点；例句：There are strong arguments against these measures.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义3（n.):辩论；讨论；例句：The argument continued long into the night.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 词性转换 。 动词：argue 。 形容词：arguable 。形容词：argumentative;:例句：He is an argumentative person.（来源：柯林斯词典)动词过 去式/过去分词：argued(规则变化，直接加-d);例句：They argued for hours about the plan.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：arguing(去e加-ing):例句：They are arguing about who should do the work..（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：dispute:名词，争论；争执 。 近义词：debate:名词，辩论；讨论 ·近义词：quarrel:名词，争吵；口角；例句：They had a quarrel about money.(（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:have an argument with sb.:与某人争论；适用于描述人与人之间发生争论的场景， 语法上with后接争论的对象；例句：I had an argument with my parents about my future.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：win/lose an argument:赢得/输掉一场争论；适用于描述争论结果的场景；例句：He always tries to w2 n an argument.(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：present an argument:提出论点；适用于辩论、写作等提出观点的场景；例句：you need to present a strong argument to support your idea.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：settle an argument:解决争论；适用于需要平息争论的场景；例句：We should try to settle this argument peacefully..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：The two (argument)are both reasonable.arguments) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配have an argument with sb. 原题：She had an (argue)with her brother yesterday..(答案： argument) 6 必修1unt2词汇精讲 tension 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.)::紧张局势（或关系、状况)：例句：The tension between the two countries is increasing..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词义2(n.):矛盾，对立；例句：There is a ten.sion between freedom and responsibility.（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):(情绪上的)紧张，烦躁；例句：He felt the tension in the room.（来源：韦 氏词典) 。词义4（n.):拉力，张力；例句：The tension in the rope was too great and it broke.（来 源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：tense;例句：The atmosphere in the meeting was very tense.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·动词：tense;例句：She tensed her muscles.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：strain(n.):紧张；压力：常指因负担过重而造成的身心压力：例句：The strain of work is too much for him.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：stress(n.):压力：强调外界因素对人造成的精神压力：例句：He can't bear the stress of modern life..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:ease the tension:缓和紧张局势；适用于描述缓解紧张关系或氛围的场景，语法上 ease后接tension;例句：The diplomat's words helped to ease the tension between the two sides.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：create tension:制造紧张气氛；适用于描述营造紧张氛围的场景，语法上create后 接tension;例句：The dark music created a lot of tension in the movie.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：under tension:处于紧张状态；适用于描述人或事物处于紧张的状况，语法上直接 使用under tension;例句：The rope is under great tension..（来源：朗文当代高级英语词典) 。短语4：tension between..and..:…和…之间的矛盾/紧张关系；适用于描述两者之间存 在的矛盾或紧张状况，语法上between后接两个相关的事物：例句：There is a tension between work and family.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的用法 ·原题：The (tension)between the two groups has been growing in recent months. (答案：tension) 考法2：考察固定搭配ease the tension 。原题：Ve need to find a way to (ease the tension)between the two countries.(答案：ease the tension) 6 必修1unit2词汇精讲 anxious 词义与词性 。词义1（adj.):焦虑的：忧虑的；担心的；例句：He was anxious about his exams.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(adj.):渴望的；急切的：例句：She's anxious to start work as soon as possible.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。副词：anxiously;例句：He looked at her anxiously..（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·名词：anxiety;例句：Parents often feel anxiety about their children's future.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 同近义词 。 近义词：uneasy:形容词，心神不安的；例句：She felt uneasy about the situation.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·近义词：nervous:形容词，紧张的；例句：The students were nervous before the exam.（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：eager:形容词，渴望的：例句：He is eager to learn new skills.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:be anxious about:为…担忧；适用于表达对某人或某事的担心场景，语法上about 后接担心的对象；例句：We're all anxious about her health.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：be anxious to do sth.:渴望做某事；适用于描述人有做某事的急切愿望的场景，语 法上to后接动词原形；例句：I'man2 ous to know the result..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：anxious for sth.:渴望得到某物；适用于表达人对某物的渴望场景，语法上for后接 渴望的事物；例句：He is anxious for a promotion.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作形容词，考察be anxious about这个固定搭配 ·原题：She is (anxious)about her son's safety.(答案：anxious) ·考法2：考察anxious后接动词不定式的用法 原题：Heis ● (anxious)to see his parents.(答案：anxious) 7 必修1unit2词汇精讲 shoot 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):发射；射击：开枪：例句：He shot an arrow at the target..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。词义2(v.):拍摄：拍照；例句：They shot a movie in the mountains..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3（v.):迅速移动；猛地一跳；例句：The car shot past us.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：shooter:射手；例句：The shooter hit the bull-eye.(来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去 式：shot;例句：He shot the bird last week.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去分词：shot;例 句：The deer has been shot..（来源：柯林斯词典)动词现在分词：shooting:例句：They are shooting a documentary.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：fre(v.):开枪；射击；同义词；例句：The soldiers fired at the enemy..（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。近义词：launch(v.):发射；发起；近义词；例句：They will launch a satellite next month. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：photograph(v.):拍照：摄影：近义词：例句：She likes to photograph beautiful scenery.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：shoot at:向…射击：适用于描述射击目标的场景，语法上at后接射击的对象；例 句：The hunter shot at the wolf.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：shoot down:击落：驳倒：适用于描述击落飞行器或反驳观点的场景，语法上后接 被击落的物体或被反驳的观点；例句：They shot down an enemy plane.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：shoot up:快速上升：猛增：适用于描述价格、数量等快速增长的场景，无特殊语 法要求；例句：The prices shot up last month.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：shoot a film:拍摄电影：适用于描述电影拍摄的场景，语法上shoot后接拍摄的对 象；例句：They are shooting a film about the war.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (shoot)a lot of wild ducks last winter.shot) 考法2：考察固定搭配shoot at 原题：Don't the birds.It's not allowed.(答案：shoot at) 8 必修1unit2词汇精讲 rate 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.::比率；率；速度；进度；价格；费用；等级；例句：The birth rate is increasing. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):认为：把…算作；给…定级；值得；应得；例句：I rate him highly as a colleague. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：rating:例句：The movie got a high rating..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·形容词：rateable;例句：The rateable value of this property is quite high.（来源：韦氏词典) 动词过去式和过去分词：rated;例句：They rated the performance highly..（来源：牛津高阶 词典)动词现在分词：rating:例句：He is rating the restaurants in the area.（来源：朗文 当代英语词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：speed:名词，速度；例句：The car was traveling at a high speed.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：proportion:名词，比例；例句：The proportion of boys to girls in this class is2:1. (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语I:at a rate of:以…的速度；适用于描述速度、比率等场景，语法上of后接具体的速 度或比率数值：例句：The train is moving at a rate of120 kilometers per hour.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 短语2：rate sb/sth as:认为某人/某物是：适用于表达观点的场景，语法上as后接描述 的内容：例句：I rate him as the best candidate.（来源：牛津高阶词典)） 短语3：at any rate:无论如何；至少；适用于强调观点、总结等场景：例句：At any rate, we should finish this task today.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语4：exchange rate:汇率；适用于金融、经济场景；例句：The exchange rate has changed a lot recently..（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 。考法l:作名词，考察其固定搭配ata..rate 。原题：The population is increasing a fast rate.(答案：at) 。考法2：作动词，考察其被动语态 。原题：This book (rate)as one of the best-selling novels this year.(答案：is rated) 9 必修1unit2词汇精讲 target 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):目标；指标：对象；靶子；例句：The sales target for this month is very high (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):把…作为目标；把…作为攻击目标；瞄准；例句：The company is targeting young consumers.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：target 。形容词：targeted;例句：The targeted audience of this advertisement is teenagers.（来源：牛 津高阶词典)动词现在分词：targeting;例句：They are targeting new markets.（来源：柯 林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：targeted;例句：The missiles targeted the military base. （来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：aim:名词，目标；例句：The aim of this project is to help the poor.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词：goal:名词，目标；例句：His goal is to become a doctor.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：objective::名词，目标；例句：The objective of the game is to score more points.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：set a target:设定目标；适用于制定计划、规划等场景，语法上set后接具体目标； 例句：We should set a target for our study..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：target at:针对：适用于描述目标对象的场景，语法上at后接目标对象；例句：This advertisement is targeted at women.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：reach the target:达到目标；适用于描述完成目标的场景；例句：We finally reached the target after hard work.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：hit the target:射中靶子；达到目的；适用于射击场景或完成任务场景；例句：He hit the target with one shot..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 。原题：The company has set several (target)for this year..（答案：targets) ·考法2：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 原题：The marketing campaign (target)young people is very successful.(答案： targeting) 10