必修一 U1-2025高中英语单词讲解（译林版)

必修1unit1词汇精讲 potential 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):潜在的；可能的；例句：The new regulations have the potential to cause problems.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):潜力；可能性；例句：She has the potential to be a champion.（来源：柯林 斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：potentiality;例句：The new technology has great potentialities.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。副词：potentially;例句：This new policy could potentially change the whole situation..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：possible:形容词，可能的：例句：It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：prospective:形容词，预期的：例句：The prospective buyer showed great interest in the house..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：potential for sth.:…的可能性；适用于描述存在某种可能性的场景，语法上for 后接相关事物：例句：There is a potential for conflict between the two groups..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 短语2：realize one's potential:发挥某人的潜力：适用于描述个人发展的场景；例句：Wth good guidance,he can realize his potential..(来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：potential danger:潜在危险；适用于描述安全等方面存在的隐患场景；例句：We must be aware of the potential danger.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察形容词词义，作定语修饰名词 。原题：Although he is a new-comer,.he has shown (potential)ability.(答案： potential) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配potential for sth, 原题：There is a high (potential)for economic growth in this area.(答案：potential) 1 必修1unit1词汇精讲 senior 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):级别（或地位）高的；高级的：例句：She's a senior manager in charge of marketing.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(adj.)::年长的；例句：My senior brother is two years older than me.（来源：朗文 当代英语词典) 。词义3(n.):较年长的人；高年级学生；上级；例句：The seniors in our school often help the juniors.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：seniority;表示资历、年长；例句：Seniority is often considered when promoting employees. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：elder::形容词，年长的；例句：My elder sister is very kind..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：superior:形容词，级别高的；例句：He has a superior rank in the company..(来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：senior to:比…年长；比…级别高：适用于比较年龄或地位的场景，语法上to 后接比较的对象；例句：He is senior to me in the department..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：senior high school:高中；适用于教育场景；例句：I studied in a senior high school for three years.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式 。原题：Heis (senior）to me in this company..(答案：senior,注意senior比较级用 to连接) 2 必修1unit1词汇精讲 path 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):小路；小径；例句：We followed the path through the woods.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·词义2(n.):路线：道路；例句：The missile followed a curved path.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(n.):行动计划：成功途径；例句：Hard work is the path to success..(来源：牛津 高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：pathless;无路的，人迹罕至的；例句：They made their way through the pathless forest..(来源：韦氏大词典)名词复数：paths；规则变化，直接加-s;例句：There are many paths in the park..（来源：朗文当代词典) 同近义词 。同义词：trail:名词，小路；小径；例句：The trail led us to a beautiful lake.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·近义词：way:名词，道路；途径；例句：The best way to the village is this one..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 、 ·近义词：route:名词，路线；例句：What's the shortest route to the airport?（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：blaze a path:开辟道路；开创：适用于描述开创事业、新方法等场景，语法上blaze 用其适当形式；例句：The company blazed a path in the development of new technology.（来 源：剑桥词典) 短语2：follow the path:沿着小路走；遵循道路；适用于描述行走或遵循某种方式的场景， 语法上follow根据时态变化；例句：You should follow the path to get to the village.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·短语3：cross sb.'s path:偶然遇到某人；适用于描述意外遇见他人的场景，语法上cross用 适当形式；例句：I crossed his path in the supermarket.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语4：be on the path to:正在通往…的路上；即将达到；适用于描述朝着某个目标发 展的场景，语法上to后接目标；例句：The country is on the path to economic recovery.（来 源：朗文当代词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数变化 ● 原题：There are several (path)in the mountain.(答案：paths) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配blaze a path 原题：The scientist (blaze)a new path in the field of medicine.(答案：blazed) 3 必修1unit1词汇精讲 positive 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):积极的；正面的；乐观的；例句：You should take a positive attitude towards lfe.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):确实的；肯定的：明确的：例句：I'm positive that he'll come.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·词义3(（adj.):正的；阳性的：例句：The test result was positive.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：positivity;意为积极：乐观：例句：Her positivity inspired all of us..（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。副词：positively;意为肯定地；明确地；例句：He answered positivel4.(（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：optimistic:形容词，乐观的；例句：He has an optimistic outlook on life.(来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·近义词：constructive:形容词，建设性的；例句：We need some constructive suggestions..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:positive attitude:积极的态度；适用于描述人的心态场景，语法上attitude为名词； 例句：Keep a positive attitude even in difficult times.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：positive impact:积极的影响；适用于描述事物作用的场景，语法上impact为名词； 例句：His words had a positive impact on me.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：be positive about:对…有把握；适用于表达个人对某事的确定程度场景，语法上 about后接事物；例句：She's positive about her chances of winning.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：positive feedback:正面反馈；适用于评价、交流等场景，语法上feedback为名词； 例句：The teacher gave us positive feedback on our work.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词词义“积极的” 。原题：Ve should always have a (positive)attitude towards challenges.(答案： positive) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配be positive about 原题：Heis (positive)his future.（答案：positive about) 必修1unit1词汇精讲 thinking 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):思想，思考：思维；想法：见解：例句：He is ahead of his time in his thinking. (来源：《朗文当代高级英语锌典》) 。词义2(adj.):有思考力的；有理性的；深思熟虑的；例句：a thinking man（来源：《牛 津高阶英汉双解词典》) 词性转换 ·动词：think;过去式：thought;过去分词：thought;现在分词：thinking;例句：I thought about it last night..(来源：《柯林斯词典》) ·形容词：thoughtful:例句：It was very thoughtful of you to bring flowers..（来源：《牛津高 阶英汉双解词典》) 同近义词 ·近义词：thought:名词，思想；例句：His thoughts are very profound..（来源：《牛津高阶英 汉双解词典》) ·近义词：reflection:名词，思考；例句：After much reflection,he decided to change his plan (来源：《柯林斯词典》) 固定搭配 。短语1：thinking of:考虑；想起；适用于表达想法或回忆的场景，of后接考虑或想起的内 容；例句：I'm thinking of changing my job..（来源：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》) ·短语2：deep thinking:深思；适用于描述深入思考的场景；例句：He needs some time for deep thinking.（来源：《朗文当代高级英语锌典》) ·短语3：critical thinking:批判性思维；适用于学术或分析问题的场景；例句：We should develop our critical thinking skills.（来源：《柯林斯词典》) 。短语4：creative thinking:创造性思维；适用于创新、艺术等场景；例句：Creative thinking is very important in modern society..（来源：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》) 典型考法 。考法1：考察动名词形式作宾语 。原题：She spends a lot of time (think)about her future.（答案：thinking) 。考法2：考察固定搭配thinking of 。原题：Are you buying a new house?(答案：thinking of) 必修1unit1词汇精讲 challenge 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):挑战；艰巨的任务；例句：The job presents many challenges.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 。词义2(n.)::挑战书；邀请比赛：例句：He accepted the challenge to a game of chess..（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(v.):向…挑战；例句：I challenged him to a race.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义4(v.)::对…质疑；拒绝接受；例句：She challenged the decision.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：challenge ·形容词：challenging;例句：Climbing the mountain is a challenging task.（来源：牛津高阶 词典)动词过去式/过去分词：challenged;例句：He challenged me yesterday..（来源：柯 林斯词典)动词现在分词：challenging;例句：She is challenging the authority..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：defy:动词，公然反抗；例句：He defied the rules.（来源：牛津高阶词典)- ·近义词：provoke:动词，挑衅；例句：The boy provoked the dog.（来源：柯林斯词典)- ·近义词：dare:动词，敢：例句：I dare you to jump.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：challenge sb.to sth.:向某人挑战做某事；适用于邀请他人进行竞争的场景，语法 上to后接挑战的内容；例句：He challenged me to a tennis match.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：meet the challenge:迎接挑战：适用于描述应对困难的场景；例句：We must meet the challenge bravel4.(来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：pose a challenge:构成挑战；适用于说明某事物带来困难的场景；例句：The new problem poses a challenge to us..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：rise to the challenge:接受挑战：适用于表达积极应对困难的场景；例句：He rose to the challenge and solved the problem.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：He (challenge)his friend to a fight last week.(答案：challenged) 。考法2：考察固定搭配challenge sb.to sth. 。原题：She (challenge)her classmate to a spelling contest..(答案：challenged) ● 考法3：考察名词词义 。原题：Facing the (challenge),we should be brave.(答案：challenge) 6 必修1unit1词汇精讲 opportunity 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):机会；时机；例句：We had a good opportunity to learn from each other..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：opportune;例句：This is an opportune moment to raise the question..（来源：柯林 斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：chance(n.):机会；例句：He gave me a chance to prove myself.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：occasion(n.):时机；例句：I took the occasion to speak to him.(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:have an opportunity to do sth.:有机会做某事；适用于描述获得做某事机会的场景， 语法上to后接动词原形；例句：I had an opportunity to visit Paris.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：seize an opportunity:抓住机会；适用于想要把握时机的场景，语法上直接使用；例 句：You should seize the opportunity when it comes..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：miss an opportunity:错过机会；适用于描述未能把握时机的场景，语法上直接使 用；例句：Don't miss this opportunity.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：opportunity for sth.:做某事的机会；适用于描述针对某事的机会，语法上for后接 名词或动名词；例句：There are many opportunities for study here.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法l:考察固定搭配have an opportunity to do sth, 。原题：I have an (opportunity)to meet the famous writer.(答案：opportunity) ·考法2：考察名词单复数变化 原题：There are many (opportunity)in this city.(答案：opportunities) 7 必修1unt1词汇精讲 acquire 词义与词性 。词义1（v.)::获得；得到；购得；赢得例句：She has acquired a good knowledge of English. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2（v.):养成；染上（习惯等）例句：He acquired a habit of smoking.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。名词：acquisition:获得；习得：获得物；增添的人（或物）例句：The acquisition of knowledge is a lifelong process..（来源：牛津高阶词典)- 。形容词：acquired:后天获得的；习得的例句：Acquired skills can be very useful in the workplace （来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：obtain:动词，获得；得到例句：You can obtain the book from the library.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：gain:动词，获得：赢得例句：He gained a lot of experience from the job.（来源： 柯林斯词典) ·近义词：get:动词，得到；获得例句：I got a present from my friend.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:acquire knowledge:获得知识；适用于描述学习、求知的场景，语法上acquire后接 知识类名词；例句：Students should acquire knowledge through various ways.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·短语2：acquire a habit:养成习惯；适用于描述个人习惯养成的场景，语法上acquire后接 习惯相关名词；例句：It's easy to acquire a bad habit.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：acquire skills:获得技能：适用于描述技能学习的场景，语法上acquire后接技能类 名词；例句：You need to acquire some basic computer skills..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：She (acquire)a lot of skills during her internship.(答案：acquired) ·考法2：考察acquire与名词的搭配 原题：We should try our best to knowledge.(答案：acquire) 8 必修1unit1词汇精讲 effort 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.)::努力；尽力例句：He made an effort to control his temper.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。词义2(n.):费力的事；艰难的尝试例句：Climbing the stairs is an effort for her.(来源： 柯林斯词典) 。词义3(n.)::有组织的话动例句：The government's anti-pollution efforts are praiseworthy. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 。形容词：effortless 。副词：effortlessly 。动词：effortize(较少用)；例句：The dancer moved with effortless grace..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：endeavor:名词，努力；尝试例句：Despite his best endeavors,he failed.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·近义词：attempt:名词，尝试；企图例句：He made an attempt to break the record.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：make an effort:作出努力；适用于表达付出精力去做某事的场景，语法上an可根 据语境换为物主代词等：例句：You need to make an effort to arrive on time.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 短语2：spare no effort:不遗余力；适用于描述全力以赴做某事的场景；例句：They spared no effort to help the victims..（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 短语3：in an effort to:为了；试图；适用于表达目的的场景，to后接动词原形：例句：Im an effort to save money,,she cut down on her shopping.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语4：put effort into:在…上付出努力；适用于描述在某方面投入精力的场景，into后 接名词或动名词；例句：He put a lot of effort into his studies.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词单复数，在描述多次努力时用复数形式 。原题：All our (effort)were in vain.(答案：efforts) 。考法2：考察固定搭配make an effort 。原题：You should (make an effort)to improve your English. (答案：make an effort) 9 必修1unt1词汇精讲 amazing 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):令人惊奇的；惊人的；极好的；例句：The ama,2 ing thing about the Internet is its capacity to connect people from all over the world..(来源：《新视野大学英语》) 词性转换 。动词：amaze;例句：The magician's tricks never fail to amaze the audience.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。名词： amazement: 例句：To my amazement,,he passed the exam easil.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：astonishing(adj.),意为“惊人的；令人惊讶的”；例句：The results of the experiment were astonishing..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：wonderful(adj.),意为“精彩的；绝妙的”；例句：We had a wonderful time at the concert.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:an amazing experience:一次惊人的经历：适用于描述经历某件事情的场景，语法 上an后接可数名词单数；例句：Climbing the mountain was an amazing experience for me. (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 。短语2：amazing news:惊人的消息；适用于描述听到某消息的场景，语法上news是不可数 名词；例句：I've got some ama,zing news for yo.（来源：剑桥词典） ·短语3：look amazing:看起来棒极了；适用于描述人或事物外观的场景，语法上look是系 动词；例句：You look amazing in that dress.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作形容词，考察其在系表结构中的用法 。原题：The view from the top of the mountain is (amazing).(答案：amazing) 考法2：考察固定搭配an amazing. 原题：Ve had (amazing)party last night.（答案：an amazing) 10