必修三 U2-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

必修3一unit2词汇精讲 contribution 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):贡献；捐献；捐赠；例句：Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):投稿；文稿：例句：All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3(n.)::(给慈善事业或集款的)捐款；捐资；例句：We're asking for contributions of 50.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。动词：contribute(贡献；捐赠；投稿)；例句：He contributed a lot of money to the charity. (来源：柯林斯词典)- 形容词：contributory(促成的；起作用的)：例句：Stress is often a contributory factor in heart disease.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：donation(n.):捐赠：捐款；例句：The hospital received a large donation.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：offering(n.):提供；奉献；例句：The offering of help was well-received.（来源： 柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:make a contribution to:对…做出贡献；适用于描述个人或团体为某事付出努力 并产生积极影响的场景，to后接贡献的对象；例句：Scientists have made great contributions to the development of society.(来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：financial contribution:经济上的贡献；适用于涉及金钱捐赠或支持的场景，为名词 短语；例句：The company made a significant financial contribution to the project.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 短语3：contribution to sth.:对…的贡献：适用于说明贡献的方面，to为介词；例句：His contribution to literature is remarkable.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法l:考察固定搭配make a contribution to 。原题：（某地模拟题）All the students should make a (contribute)to making our school a better place.(答案：contribution) 考法2：考察名词的单复数形式 ● 原题：（某地高考真题）Many great (contribution)have been made by Chinese scientists.(答案：contributions?) 1 必修3unit2词汇精讲 relief 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):宽慰；轻松；解脱；例句：Much to my relief,,I passed the exam.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.)::缓解：减轻；消除；例句：This medicine will give you some relief from pain. (来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3（n.)::救济；救援物资；例句：The government sent relief to the flood-stricken area. (来源：朗文当代词典) 词性转换 。形容词：relieved::宽慰的；放心的；例句：She felt relieved when she heard the news.（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。动词：relieve:缓解：减轻；使宽慰；例句：The drug can relieve your headache..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：comfort(n.):安慰；舒适；例句：His words brought her some comfort..（来源：牛 津高阶词典)- ·近义词：ease(n.):轻松；舒适；例句：He passed the exam with ease..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:in relief::如释重负：松了口气：适用于描述人在压力解除后的状态，语法上作状语； 例句：She smiled in relief when she found her lost child.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：to one's relief::使某人宽慰的是；适用于表达结果让人满意，语法上to后接某人； 例句：To our relief,the missing plane was found.（来源：朗文当代词典）) 短语3：relief from:从…中解脱；缓解…；适用于描述摆脱某种负面状态，语法上from 后接负面事物；例句：The cream provides relief from itching.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察固定搭配to one's relief ·原题：（某地模拟题） (令我们欣慰的是)，the problem was finally solved.(答案：To our relief) 。考法2：考察名词作主语 。原题：（某地高考真题）The (relief)that he felt was obvious on his face.（答案： relief) 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 shortage 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::不足；缺少；短缺；例句：There is a shortage of fresh water in many parts of the world..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：short;例句：The rope is too short.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。副词：shortly;例句：He will be back shortly.(来源：柯林斯词典) ·动词：shorten;例句：You should shorten your speech.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：scarcity(n.):缺乏；不足；例句：The scarcity of resources is a big problem.（来 源：柯林斯词典)； ·近义词：lack(n.):缺乏；没有；例句：The lack of experience led to his failure.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:a shortage of:…的短缺：适用于描述各种事物缺乏的场景，语法上of后接缺乏 的事物；例句：There is a shortage of doctors in rural areas.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：shortage in:在…方面的短缺；适用于描述某个领域或方面的不足情况，语法上 in后接具体领域：例句：There is a shortage in funding for the project.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词形式 。原题：There is a (shortage)of skilled workers in this area.(答案：shortage) 考法2：考察固定搭配a shortage of 原题：The country is facing a food.(答案：shortage of) 3 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 internal 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.)::内部的：里面的；体内的：例句：Doctors discovered an internal injury.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.)::国内的：内政的：例句：The country needs to solve its internal problems.. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):内心的；精神的；例句：She struggled with internal conflicts.（来源：韦氏 大词典) 词性转换 。名词：internality;例句：We should consider the internality of the matter.（来源：韦氏大 词典) 。副词：internally;例句：The organization is well-structured internally.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 。同义词：inner(adj.):内部的；内心的；例句：She has deep inner strength.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) ·近义词：domestic(adj.):国内的；家庭的：例句：The domestic market is growing..（来源： 柯林斯词典) ·近义词：interior(adj.):内部的：室内的：例句：The interior design of the house is beautiful.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:internal affairs::内政：国内事务；适用于描述国家政治、管理等方面的内部事务场 景，语法上作名词短语；例句：Each country has the right to handle its own internal affairs,. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：internal structure:内部结构：适用于描述物体、组织等的内部构造场景，语法上作 名词短语；例句：The scientist studied the internal structure of the cel.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：internal organs:内脏；体内器官；适用于医学、生物学等描述人体或动物体内器官 的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：The doctor examined her internal organs..（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察形容词用法 。原题：The company is facing some (internal)problems.（答案：internal) 。考法2：考察固定搭配internal affairs ·原题：The government should focus on dealing with (internal affairs). (答案：internal affairs) 必修3unit2词汇精讲 effective 词义与词性 ·词义1(adj.):有效的；产生预期结果的：有效果的：例句：The new teaching method is very effective.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):实际的；事实上的；例句：The effective leader of the group is someone else. (来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·副词：effectively;例句：We should use our time effectively..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·名词：effectiveness;例句：The effectiveness of this new policy remains to be seen..(来源：柯 林斯词典) 同近义词 。近义词：efficient:形容词，效率高的；例句：The efficient worker finished the task quickly.. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：useful:形容词，有用的：例句：This useful book provides a lot of information..（来 源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：fruitfuls:形容词，有成效的；例句：They had a fruitful discussion.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:be effective in:在…方面有效：适用于描述某事物在某个领域或方面能产生效果 的场景，语法上in后接具体的方面：例句：This medicine is effective in treating coughs.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：become effective:生效：适用于描述规则、法律、协议等开始起作用的场景；例句： The new law will become effective next month..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：cost-effective:性价比高的：适用于评价事物在成本和效果方面的关系，语法上可 作定语或表语；例句：This product8 very cost-effective.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作形容词，考察其在句中作定语的用法 。原题：This is an (effect)way to solve the problem.(答案：effective) ● 考法2：考察副词形式effectively 。原题：You should learn to manage your time (effect).(答案：effectively) 必修3unit2词汇精讲 fund 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):基金；专款：例句：The school has set up a special fund for poor students..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):资金；现款；例句：They are short of funds to carry out the project..（来源： 柯林斯词典) 。词义3(v.):为…提供资金；资助；例句：The research is funded by the government..（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：fund 。形容词：funded ● 动词：fund;例句：The project is externally funded..（来源：柯林斯词典)；动词现在分词： funding;例句：They are funding a new research project..（来源：牛津高阶词典)；名词复数： fnds;例句：The funds are not enough for the whole project.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 同近义词 。近义词：finance(v.):提供资金；例句：The bank agreed to finance the construction of a new bridge..（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：sponsor(v.):赞助；资助；例句：The company sponsored the football match..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。近义词：endow(v.):资助；捐赠；例句：The rich man endowed the university with a large sum of money..（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 固定搭配 。短语l:set up a fund:设立基金；适用于描述建立资金储备的场景，语法上set up后接基 金名称；例句：They set up a fund to help the homeless..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：raise funds:筹集资金；适用于描述为某目的筹集钱款的场景，语法上raise后接fund 的复数形式；例句：We need to raise funds for the charity event..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：fund sth.with sth.:用某物资助某事；适用于说明资助方式的场景，语法上with后 接资助的资金来源；例句：They funded the project with their own savings.（来源：朗文当代 英语词典) 。短语4：a fund of:大量的：丰富的：适用于描述数量多的场景，语法上a fund of后接可数 或不可数名词：例句：He has a fund of knowledge about history..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其复数形式 ·原题：The government has provided large (fund)for the development of education. (答案funds) 。考法2：作动词，考察其被动语态 。原题：The scientific research (fund）by the local government last year.(答案was funded) 6 必修3一unit2词汇精讲 recycle 词义与词性 ·词义1（v.):回收利用；再利用；例句：We should recycle waste paper to save trees.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):使再循环；重新使用；例句：The water can be recycled and used again.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。名词：recycling:例句：Recycling is an important way to protect the environment.(来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·名词：recycler;例句：The recycler collects waste materials.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：reuse:动词，再利用；例句：You can reuse these plastic bags.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：repurpose::动词，重新利用；例句：We can repurpose old furniture..（来源：柯林 斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：recycle sth.into sth.:把某物回收制成某物；适用于描述回收物品再加工的场景， 语法上into后接制成的物品；例句：They recycle plastic bottles into new products..(来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。短语2：recycle waste:回收废物；适用于环保相关场景，语法上recycle后接需要回收的废 物；例句：We should recycle waste properl.（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其现在分词形式 。原题：They are (recycle)waste to make new products.(答案：recycling) 考法2：考察名词形式 原题： (recycle)helps reduce waste.(答案：Recycling) 7 必修3unit2词汇精讲 fountain 词义与词性 。词义1(n.):喷泉：人工喷泉；例句：The city square has a beautiful fountain.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):源泉；根源；例句：The library is a fountain of knowledge.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。形容词：fountainlike:像喷泉的；例句：The fireworks created a fountainlike display..（来源： 自拟，因权威词典暂未找到合适例句，仅作词性转换示例) 同近义词 。同义词：jet(n.):喷射流；指喷泉中喷出的水流；例句：The jet of water from the fountain reached high into the air.（来源：柯林斯词典)- ·近义词：spring(n.):泉；源泉；侧重于自然的泉；例句：The mountain spring is a natural fountain of water..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语I:fountain pen:钢笔；适用于描述书写工具的场景，语法上作名词短语；例句：He wrote the letter with a fountain pen.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：drinking fountain::(公共场所的)饮水喷泉；适用于描述公共设施的场景，语法上 作名词短语：例句：You can get a drink from the drinking fountain over there.（来源：柯林 斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察其单复数形式 ·原题：There are many beautiful (fountain)in the park.(答案：fountains) 8 必修3unit2词汇精讲 donate 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):捐赠；赠送；捐献；例句：He donated a lot of money to the charity.(来源： 牛津高阶词典) 词性转换 ·名词：donation;例句：The museum received a large donation from a benefactor.（来源：柯 林斯词典)动词过去式和过去分词：donated:例句：She donated her books to the library last year.(（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：donating:例句：He is donating blood at the noment.（来源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：give(v.),给予；例句：He gave his old clothes to the poor.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：contribute(v.),贡献；捐献；例句：We should all contribute to the relief fund.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：donate sth.tosb./sth.:把某物捐赠给某人/某物：适用于描述捐赠物品的场景，语 法上to后接接受捐赠的对象；例句：She donated her paintings to the local art gallery..(来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：donate blood:献血；适用于描述献血的场景，是固定表达；例句：Many people donate blood regularly..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：She (donate)some clothes to the people in need last month.(答案：donated) 考法2：考察固定搭配donate sth.tosb./sth 。原题：He decided to his collection the museum.(答案：donate;to) 9 必修3unit2词汇精讲 earn 词义与词性 ·词义1(v.):赚得，挣得；例句：He earns a high salary as a software engineer..（来源：柯 林斯词典) 。词义2(v.):获得，赢得；例句：His hard work earned him a promotion.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 词性转换 。名词：earnings;:表示收入、收益；例句：His earnings have increased this year.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 。形容词：earned;表示应得的、挣得的：例句：The athlete's earned reputation is well-mowm. (来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：gain(v.):获得：例句：You can gain a lot of knowledge from reading..（来源：牛 津高阶词典) ·近义词：make(v.):赚得；例句：He makes a fortune in the business.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:earn one's living:谋生；适用于描述个人获取生活所需费用的场景，语法上one's根 据主语变化；例句：He earns his living by writing..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：earn money:赚钱；适用于描述获取金钱的场景，语法上money为宾语；例句：She earns money by doing part-time jobs..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：earn respect:赢得尊重；适用于描述获得他人尊重的场景，语法上respect为宾语； 例句：His honesty earned him respect from others.（来源：韦氏词典) 。 短语4：earn a reputation:赢得声誉；适用于描述获得某种声誉的场景，语法上a reputation 为宾语；例句：The hotel has earned a good reputation for its service..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式和过去分词形式 。原题：He (earm)a lot of money last year.(答案earned) 考法2：考察固定搭配earn one's living 。原题：Many people in this area their by fishing.(答案：earn;living) 10