必修三 U1-2025高中英语单词讲解（外研版）

必修3一unit1词汇精讲 agony 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):极大的痛苦；苦恼；刷痛；例句：He was in agony from a bad tooth.（来源： 《新英汉大辞典》) 词性转换 ·形容词：agonizing;例句：The wait was agonizing.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·副词：agonizingly;例句：The process was agonizingly slow.（来源：韦氏词典) 同近义词 ·同义词：anguish(n.):极度痛苦；例句：She was in anguish over her lost child.（来源：韦 氏词典)；- ·近义词：torment(n.):折磨；例句：He endured the torment of a bad back.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:in agony:处于极度痛苦中；适用于描述人或动物身体或精神上痛苦的场景，语法 上常作表语：例句：The wounded soldier was in agony.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 。短语2：agonies of:…的极度痛苦；适用于描述某种特定情况带来的痛苦，语法上of后接 导致痛苦的事物；例句：the agonies of defeat（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：put sb.out of their agony:使某人不再痛苦；适用于想要结束他人痛苦的场景，语 法上sb.为承受痛苦的对象；例句：Just tell him the result and put him out of his agony..（来 源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：考察名词用法 。原题：He suffered great (agony)when his mother died.(答案：agony) 1 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 lip 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):嘴唇；例句：She moistened her lips with her tongue.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(n):(容器或洞的)边，口；例句：thel仰of a cup（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 。形容词：lipless;例句：The lipless statue looked a bit strange.（来源：自创合理例句)名词 复数：lips;例句：Her lips are very red.(来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：mouth:名词，嘴：例句：Open your mouth.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：rim:名词，边缘；例句：the rim of a bowl(来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：on the lips of:在…中流传；适用于描述消息、话语等传播的场景，语法上后接传 播的对象；例句：The news was on the lips of everyone..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：lip service:口头支持；适用于描述只在口头上表达支持，而无实际行动的场景：例 句：He pays lip service to environmental protection.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：bite one'slip:咬嘴唇；适用于表达紧张、克制等情绪的场景；例句：She bit her lip to stop from crying.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词单复数 。原题：She put on some lipstick on her (lip).（答案：lips) 必修3unit1词汇精讲 loose 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.):松的；宽松的：不紧的：例句：She was wearing a loose dress.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。词义2(adj.):未系紧的；未固定的；例句：One of the buttons has come loose.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.):零散的；散装的；例句：He bought some loose cigarettes..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·词义4(v.):释放；放开；松开；例句：He loosed the dog from its chain.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 词性转换 。副词：loosely;例句：The rope was tied loosely.（来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式：loosed; 过去分词：loosed;例句：He loosed an arrow.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：relaxed:形容词，放松的；例句：He looked relazed and at ease.（(来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：slack:形容词，松弛的；例句：The rope was slack.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：free:形容词，自由的：例句：The bird is now free.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：let loose:释放：放开；适用于描述释放人或动物的场景，语法上let后接宾语，loose 为副词：例句：They let loose the balloons into the air.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：loose ends:未了结的小事：适用于描述事情未完成的场景，语法上用复数形式：例 句：We need to tie up the loose ends of this project.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。短语3：cut loose:摆脱束缚；适用于描述摆脱限制或约束的场景，语法上为动词短语：例 句：He decided to cut loose from his old life.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：loose talk:信口开河；适用于描述说话不谨慎的场景，语法上为名词短语：例句： His loose talk got him into trouble..（来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作形容词，考察其比较级形式 。原题：This belt is too tight.I need a (1oose)one.(答案：looser) 考法2：考察固定搭配let loose 原题：The children were let (loose)in the park.(答案：loose) 3 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 steam 词义与词性 ·词义1(n.):蒸汽；水汽；水蒸气：例句：The cool water soon began to give off steam.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 。词义2(v.):蒸发；散发蒸汽；例句：The kettle was steaming on the stove.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) 。词义3（v.):蒸煮；例句：Steam the carrots until they are just tender..(来源：剑桥词典) 词性转换 。形容词：steamy(充满蒸汽的；雾重的)；例句：It was a hot,steamy day.（来源：牛津高阶 词典)-现在分词：steaming;例句：The steaming coffee smelt good.（来源：柯林斯词典) 过去式和过去分词：steamed;例句：I steamed the fish for10 minutes.（来源：剑桥词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：vapor(n.):蒸汽；水汽；例句：The cold air made the vapor condense.（来源：柯 林斯词典) ·近义词：boil(v.):煮沸；烧开；例句：Boil the water before you drink it.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。 短语1：steam up:使蒙上水汽；适用于描述玻璃、镜子等表面因蒸汽而模糊的场景，语法 上为动副结构：例句：The windows steamed up.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：run out of steam:失去动力；筋疲力尽；适用于描述人或事物失去动力的场景，语 法上为不及物短语；例句：He ran out of steam before the end of the race.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。 短语3：steam ahead:勇往直前：继续努力：适用于描述积极推进事情进展的场景，语法上 为不及物短语：例句：Ve should steam ahead with our plans.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语4：under one's own steam:凭自己的力量；独自地；适用于描述依靠自身能力完成某 事的场景，语法上为介词短语；例句：He managed to finish the job under his oun steam.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：She (steam)the dumplings last night.(答案：steamed) 。考法2：考察固定搭配run out of steam 。原题：After working for hours,he (run out of steam).(答案： ran out of steam) 必修3unit1词汇精讲 strategy 词义与词性 。词义1(n.)::策略；计策；行动计划；例句：The government is devising a new strategy to combat crime.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):战略；战略学；例句：By careful strategy she negotiated a substantial pay rise.. （来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：strategic;例句：The island is of strategic importance to France..（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·副词：strategically;例句：The new factory is strategically located near the motorway.（来 源：柯林斯词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：tactic:名词，策略；例句：The team used a new tactic in the second half of the game. (来源：牛津高阶词典) 。近义词：scheme:名词，计划，策略；例句：They came up with a scheme to solve the problem, (来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语l:marketing strategy:营销策略；适用于商业领域，描述市场推广的计划，语法上 marketing为名词作定语修饰strategy;例句：The company needs to develop a new marketing strategy.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：military strategy:军事战略；适用于军事领域，语法上military为形容词修饰strategy: 例句：The general discussed the military strategy with his officers.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·短语3：strategy for sth.:针对某事的策略：适用于描述应对特定事情的计划，语法上for后 接具体事情；例句：We need a strategy for dealing with this problem.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语4：long-term strategy:长期战略；适用于规划长远目标的场景，语法上long-term 为形容词短语修饰strategy;例句：The company's long-term strategy is to expand overseas. (来源：柯林斯词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察名词的单复数形式 。原题：The company has several different (strategy)to achieve its goals.(答案： strategies) 。考法2：考察固定搭配strategy for sth. 。原题：They are working on a improving the quality of products.(答案： strategy for) 5 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 sink 词义与词性 。词义1(v.):下沉；沉没：例句：The sh迎sank to the bottom of the sea.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 。词义2(v.):使下沉；使沉没；例句：The torpedo sank the ship.（来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(v.):下降；降低；例句：The sun sank below the horizon.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义4(n.)::水槽；洗碗池；例句：She washed the dishes in the sink.（来源：柯林斯词典) 词性转换 ·名词：sinker;例句：The fisherman put a sinker on his line..（来源：韦氏词典)动词过去式： sank;例句：The boat sank quickly.（来源：牛津高阶词典)动词过去分词：sunk;例句：The Titanic had sunk before help arrived.（来源：柯林斯词典)现在分词：sinking;例句：The sinking ship sent out distress signals.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：submerge(v.):使浸没；同义词，使下沉；例句：The diver submerged into the water. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：descend(v.):下降：同义词，下降；例句：The plane began to descend.（来源：柯 林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：sink into:陷入；沉入：适用于描述物体进入某种状态或位置的场景，语法上into 后接陷入的对象；例句：The roots of the tree sank into the ground..(来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：sink to:下降到：沉沦到：适用于描述数量、程度等下降的场景，语法上to后接下 降的程度：例句：The temperature sank to below zero last night..(来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：sink one's teeth into:认真处理；全力以赴做；适用于描述投入精力做某事的场景， 语法上into后接要做的事情；例句：He sank his teeth into the project.（来源：韦氏词典) 短语4：sink or swim:成败全靠自己；适用于描述面临挑战需独自应对的场景；例句：Im this job,t's sink or swim.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 ·原题：The Titanic (sink)in1912.(答案：sank) 。考法2：考察固定搭配sink into 。原题：The knife (sink)into the wood.（答案：sank) 6 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 resolve 词义与词性 。词义1(v.)::解决（问题、困难等)；例句：We must resolve this problem immediately.（来 源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(v.):决定；决心；例句：She resolved to work harder.（来源：柯林斯词典) 。词义3（n.):决心；坚定的信念；例句：He showed great resolve in the face of difficulties (来源：朗文当代英语词典) 词性转换 。形容词：resolute;坚决的，有决心的；例句：He was a resolute leader..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。名词：resolution;决心，决议；例句：She made a New Year's resolution to exercise regularly.. (来源：柯林斯词典)动词过去式/过去分词：resolved;例句：They resolved their differences,. (来源：牛津高阶词典)动词现在分词：resolving;例句：He is resolving the issue.（来源：朗 文当代英语词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：determine(v.):决定，决心；例句：He determined to win the game.（来源：牛津 高阶词典) ·近义词：settle(v.):解决；例句：They settled the argument..（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：resolve to do sth.:决定做某事；适用于表达个人决定的场景，语法上to后接动词 原形；例句：I resolved to learn a new language this year..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语2：resolve on sth..：就某事做出决定；适用于对事情做出决策的场景，语法上on后接 决定的事情；例句：They resolved on a course of action..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：resolve into:分解成：适用于描述事物分解的场景，语法上imto后接分解后的成分； 例句：Water can be resolved into hydrogen and orygen.（来源：朗文当代英语词典) 短语4：resolve a problem:解决问题；适用于描述解决困难的场景，语法上problem是resolve 的宾语；例句：We need to resolve this problem quickly.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 ·考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 ·原题：He (resolve)to improve his English last month.resolved) 。考法2：考察固定搭配resolve to do sth. 。原题：She (resolve)study harder next term.(答案：resolved to) 7 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 fault 词义与词性 ·词义1（n.):过错：过失：责任；例句：It'my fault that we're late.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。词义2(n.):缺点；毛病；缺陷；例句：The report revealed various faults in the system. (来源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(v.):找…的缺点；挑剔；指责；例句：Why are you always faulting me?(来源： 韦氏大词典) 词性转换 ·形容词：faulty:有错误的：有缺点的：例句：The machine was found to be faulty..（来源： 牛津高阶词典) 。副词：faultily;有错误地；不完善地；例句：The instructions were faultily written.（来源： 韦氏大词典) 。名词：faultiness;有错误：不完善；例句：The faultiness of the plan led to its failure.（来源： 韦氏大词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：blame:名词，责备；责任；例句：The blame for the accident lies with the driver. (来源：牛津高阶词典) ·近义词：defect:名词，缺点；缺陷；例句：The new car had several defects.（来源：柯林斯 词典) 。近义词：aw:名词，瑕疵：缺点：例句：The diamond has a small faw.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) 固定搭配 。 短语1：find fault with:挑剔；批评：适用于表达对人或事物不满的场景，语法上with后接 被挑剔的对象：例句：He's alwvays finding fault with my work.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语2：at fault:有责任；出毛病；适用于描述责任归属或事物出现问题的场景：例句：The driver was clearly at fault in the accident..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 短语3：it'sone's fault:是某人的错；适用于明确责任归属的场景；例句：It's your fault that we missed the train.（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语4：to a fault:过分地；适用于描述某种特质程度过深的场景；例句：She is kind to a fault..（来源：韦氏大词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作名词，考察固定搭配it'sone's fault 。原题：一Sorry,I made a mistake again. Practice more and you'll succeed. (答案：It's not your fault) 考法2：考察名词单复数 原题：The report pointed out some (fault)in the design.(答案：faults) 8 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 annoyed 词义与词性 ·词义1（adj.)::恼怒的：生气的；例句：She was annoyed at his stupid remarks..（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 词性转换 。动词：annoy;例句：The mosquitoes annoyed me all night..(来源：柯林斯词典) ·名词：annoyance;例句：To her annoyance,he didn't show up.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：irritated:形容词，恼怒的：例句：He seemed irritated by the question.（来源：牛 津高阶词典) 。 近义词：vexed:形容词，恼怒的；例句：He was vexed at his failure.（来源：柯林斯词典) 固定搭配 ·短语1：be annoyed at sth.:因某事而恼怒；适用于表达对某事不满的场景，语法上at后接 令人恼怒的事情：例句：She was annoyed at the delay..（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。 短语2：be annoyed with sb.:对某人生气；适用于表达对某人不满的场景，语法上with后 接生气的对象：例句：I'n annoyed with him for his carelessness..（来源：柯林斯词典) 。 短语3：get annoyed:变得恼怒；适用于描述情绪变化的场景，语法上get为系动词；例句： Don't get annoyed s0easy.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 典型考法 。考法1：考察其形容词词性作表语 。原题：She looked (annoy)when she heard the news.(答案：annoyed) 考法2：考察由annoy转换来的名词形式 原题：Tomy (annoy),he was late again.（答案：annoyance) 9 必修3一unit1词汇精讲 signal 词义与词性 。词义1（n.):信号；暗号：标志：预示；例句：A red sky at night is a signal of good weather the next da以.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·词义2(v.):发信号；示意；例句：The policeman signaled the traffic to move forward.(来 源：柯林斯词典) ·词义3(adj.)::显著的；重大的；信号的；例句：This is a signal victory for our team.（来 源：韦氏词典) 词性转换 。名词：signal ● 形容词：signal ·动词：signal:现在分词：signaling（美式)/signalling(英式)：过去式和过去分词：signaled (美式)/signalled(英式)：例句：The teacher signaled the students to be quiet.(来源：牛津 高阶词典) 同近义词 ·近义词：sign:名词，迹象；标志；例句：Dark clouds are a sign of rain.（来源：牛津高阶 词典) ·近义词：indication:名词，指示；迹象；例句：There are some indications that the economy is improving..（来源：柯林斯词典) ·近义词：gesture:名词，手势；姿势：例句：He made a rude gesture at me.（来源：牛津高 阶词典) 固定搭配 。短语1：signal to sb.:向某人发信号；适用于需要传达信息的场景，语法上to后接接收信 号的人；例句：He signaled to me to come closer.（来源：牛津高阶词典) ·短语2：signal for sth.:发信号要求某物；适用于请求物品或服务的场景，语法上for后接所 请求的事物；例句：The passenger signaled for the waiter..（来源：柯林斯词典) 短语3：give a signal:发出信号；适用于发出指令或提醒的场景；例句：The coach gave a signal and the players started to run.（来源：牛津高阶词典) 。短语4：take the signal:接受信号：适用于接收指令的场景：例句：The soldiers took the signal and began to move.(来源：韦氏词典) 典型考法 。考法1：作动词，考察其过去式形式 。原题：The driver (signal)to turn left just now.（答案：signaled/signalled) ● 考法2：考察固定搭配signal to sb. 原题：The captain the sailors to set sail.（答案：signaled to) 10