动词的时态 导学案-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

动词的时态 （1） 动词的时态 1. 时态 -- 动词的结构 2.每个时态所代表的意义？时间状语？ 3. 时间线 4.有没有特殊的点？（将来、完成、进行） 5. 时态一致性原则 （主从句） 1. 时态的结构 动作方面 时间 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 V原/ Vs (be: am,is,are) am/is/are + Ving have/has + Vpp 过去 V-ed (be: was,were) were/was + Ving had + Vpp 将来 will/shall + V原 过去将来 would/should + V原 注意：shall 用于第一人称。 2. 时态的意义 & 时间状语（标志） 时态 意义 常见的时间状语 1. 一般现在 ①经常、反复发生的动作；②行为及现在的某种状况、状态。③主语具备的能力和性格。（可表将来） always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month...), once a week, on Sundays 2. 一般过去 ①过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；②过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3. 一般将来 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；②打算、计划或准备做某事。 tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow, etc. 4. 一般过去将来 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“立足过去，着眼未来”, 常用于宾语从句中。 the next day(morning, year…), the following month(week…), etc. 5. 现在进行 (不是所有动词都有进行时态) ① 说话时正在进行的动作及行为。②表示现阶段（动作并不是必须在说话时进行）。③与频度副词连用，表示某种强烈感情 always、forever。（可表将来） now, at present, at this time, these days, etc. 6. 过去进行 表示过去某段时间 或 某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 at this time yesterday, at that time, then, etc. 7. 现在完成 ①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，②从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 recently, lately, since...., for...., so far, up to now, in the past few years, etc. (for/since：动词不能用短暂性动词 die/ be dead.) 8. 过去完成 ①以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为；②在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。对过去有影响。 before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc. 3. 时间线 ( 过去的过去 ) ( 现在 ) ( 将来 ) ( 过去将来 ) ( 过去 ) Examples: 1. I often watch TV.  2. I watched TV just now. 3. We showed the visitors our new products yesterday. 4. I will visit the zoo on Sunday. 5. My mother told me she would visit the zoo next Sunday. 6. I am watching TV. 7. I was watching Tv when you came in. 8. I have finished my homework. 9.I had put my things away before I went to bed yesterday. 4. 时态注意事项： ( 4.1 将来时态 （will/ shall + V原） ) 1　 be going to do…… 2　 be about to do…… （不与具体时间连用，与when连用） 3　 be to do…… （是人所能安排的事情） 4　 be due to do…… 5　 进行，表将来 —— 一些表示动作转换的终止性动词。(位置移动) 6　 ( go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay, take off )现在表将来==主将从现（时间，条件，让步状语从句）。 Examples: 1. I shall leave for Canada next Friday. 2. I am going to sell my old house. 3. Be quiet. The film is about to start. 4. I am to go home by foot. 5. I am due to graduate from high school in June. 6. Wait a minute. I am coming. 7. If you leave tomorrow, I will see you off at the airport. ( 4.2 完成时态 have/ has/ had + Vpp ) ( ⑴ 区分： ) have / has gone to.... “去过”（去了没回来） have/ has been to..... “去过”（去了又回来了） ( ⑵ 句型 ：it + be + the + 序数词 + time + that + ....... (从句) ) 练习：1. It is the first time that I __________ (go) to the Great Wall. 2. It was the second time that I _________ (go) to the Summer Palace. ( 4.3 进行时态 be + Ving ) 短语：be doing ..... when ......... “正在做...发生了....” 5. 时态一致性： 复合句中，谓语动词(V)的变化 主句 从句 1. 谓语时态是现在 或 将来时 从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态。 2. 谓语动词是 过去时 谓语动词必须使用过去的范围时态 3. 主句不影响从句 从句是表示真理、自然现象、客观事实、格言和警句时，从句的谓语一律使用一般现在时。 4. 在时间、条件状语从句中，主句==将来时态时态 现在时态 (主将从现) 5. “命令，建议，要求、劝告”虚拟语气 从句 （should） + V原 1. ① He says that he lives in Beijing. ② We hope that there will be many people at your party today. ③ I don't know who bought the book. 2. ① He said he was writing a novel. ② The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. ③ He said his father had been an engineer. 3. ① The teacher told them light travels faster than sound. ② When I was a child, my teacher taught me that the earth circles around the sun. 4. ① I will go home by foot if it does not rain. ② Lucy will finish her work ahead of time when she gets extra money. ③ Although I help you, you should try your best at first. 5. My mother suggested that I (should) go to bed before 11 o’clock. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $