Unit 3 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版 (2024) 八年级英语上册

Unit 3 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 内容概况 1、基础知识清单 · 重点单词、重点短语、重点句子 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 · 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 · 完成句子。 基础知识清单 英语单词 词性 中文意思 1. cough n. 咳嗽 2. fever n. 发烧 3. sore adj. (发炎) 疼痛的；酸痛的 4. throat n. 咽喉；喉咙 5. headache n. 头痛 6. toothache n. 牙痛 7. stomachache n. 胃痛 8. temperature n. 体温；温度 9. medicine n. 药，药物 10. junk food n. 垃圾食品 11. slim adj. 苗条的 12. diet n. 日常饮食 13. screen n. 屏幕；荧屏 14. sugar n. 糖；食糖 15. ache n. (身体某部位的) 疼痛 16. examine v. 检查，检验 17. hamburger n. 汉堡包 18. chip n. 炸薯条 19. fried adj. 油炸的 20. pork n. 猪肉 21. pepper n. 胡椒粉 22. iced adj. 冰镇的 23. Coke n. 可乐 24. pill n. 药丸；药片 25. outgoing adj. 外向的；爱交际的 26. shy adj. 羞怯的；腼腆的 27. snack n. 点心；小吃 28. chocolate n. 巧克力 29. cookie n. 曲奇饼 30. ice cream n. 冰激凌 31. cream n. 奶油 32. jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 33. lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒散的 34. condition n. 健康状况；状态 35. uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的 36. diary n. 日记；日记簿 37. positive adj. 积极乐观的；积极的 38. benefit n. 益处；优势 39. mood n. 心情；情绪 40. volleyball n. 排球运动 41. energy n. 精力；能量 42. glad adj. 高兴；愉快 43. confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 44. absent adj. 缺席；不在 45. moment n. 片刻；瞬间 46. oneself pron. 自己；亲自 47. seem v. 好像，似乎 48. unhealthy adj. 不健康的 49. empty adj. 空的；无意义的 50. stomach n. 胃 51. living n.；adj. 生活方式；生活的；活着的 52. nonsense n. 胡扯；胡言乱语 53. improper adj. 不正确的；不适当的 54. clearly adv. 明显地；清楚地 55. sleepy adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的 56. worse adj. 更差的；更糟的 57. rid v. 摆脱 58. fridge n. 冰箱 59. weight n. 重量 60. potato n. 马铃薯；土豆 61. corn n. 玉米；谷物 62. candy n. 糖果；一块糖 63. biscuit n. 饼干 64. beef n. 牛肉 65. cucumber n. 黄瓜 66. lifestyle n. 生活方式；工作方式 67. prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢…… 多于…… 68. bean n. 豆；豆荚 69. though conj. 虽然；尽管 70. method n. 方法；办法 71. focus v.；n. 集中 (注意力等); 中心点；关注 72. smell n. 气味；嗅觉 73. mostly adv. 通常；主要地 74. sauce n. 调味汁；酱 75. serve v. 端上；服务 76. hobby n. 业余爱好 77. hurry n.；v. 匆忙；急忙；匆忙 (做某事) 78. mad adj. 很生气；气愤 79. fit adj. 健壮的；健康的 80. physical adj. 身体的 81. balanced adj. 保持 (或显示) 平衡的 82. runner n. 奔跑的人 (或动物) 83. spread v.；n. 蔓延；扩散 重 点 短 语 1. take one's temperature 量体温 2. lose one's voice 失声；嗓子哑 3. stay up late 熬夜 4. have a fever 发烧 5. stay/keep away from 远离...... 6. take an active part in 积极参与 7. not ... at all 一点也不；根本不 8. take some pills 服药 9. in one's opinion 在某人看来 10. for one thing 一来；一方面 11. for another 另一方面 12. a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法 13. do some exercise 做运动 14. right away 立刻；马上 15. in many ways 在很多方面 16. according to 根据 17. step by step 逐步地 18. keep a diary 写日志 19. communicate with sb. 与某人交流 20. make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 21. come across 偶然发现 (某物)；偶然遇见 (某人) 22. live a happy life 过幸福的生活 23. get through 度过 (难关、困境等)；通过 24. by chance 偶然；巧合 25. be absent from 缺席 26. be bad for 对...... 有害 27. what's worse 更糟糕的是 28. get rid of 摆脱 29. lose weight 减肥 30. take care of 照顾 31. hand in 上交 32. worry about 担心 33. on the other hand 另一方面 34. focus on 专注于 35. take up 开始从事 (某项活动)；占用 (时间、空间等) 36. stay/keep fit 保持健康 37. plenty of 大量 38. grow up 成长 句 子 总 结 1. I have a bad cough. (我咳得很厉害。) 2. What’s wrong with you? (你怎么了？) 3. You need to see a doctor. (你需要看医生。) 4. I’m sorry to hear that. (听到这个消息我很难过。) 5. I feel very sick and have a stomachache. (我感到很不舒服，胃也疼。) 6. You ate too much junk food. (你吃了太多垃圾食品。) 7. Take an active part in doing sports. (积极参加体育运动。) 8. Doing exercise is good for us in many ways. (锻炼在许多方面对我们有益。) 9. Jogging is good for our legs and hearts. (慢跑对我们的腿和心脏有益。) 10. Talking to ourselves is a useful way. (与自己对话是个有用的方法。) 11. It is impossible to keep healthy without good habits. (没有好习惯不可能保持健康。) 12. Don’t eat too much junk food, or you will feel uncomfortable. (别吃太多垃圾食品，否则你会不舒服。) 13. She dislikes ice cream because it’s bad for her teeth. (她不喜欢冰淇淋，因为对牙齿不好。) 14. You needn’t stay up late. (你不必熬夜。) 15. We need to get enough sleep every day. (我们每天需要充足睡眠。) 16. Chocolate and candy are bad for your teeth. (巧克力和糖果对牙齿有害。) 17. Kids need to do physical activity every day. (孩子们需要每天进行体育活动。) 过关练 一、单项选择 1．Tom felt his legs were very ________ after running for half an hour. A．sore B．cold C．healthy D．broken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆跑了半小时后，感觉他的腿非常酸痛。 考查形容词辨析。sore疼痛的，酸痛的；cold冷的；healthy健康的；broken断了的。根据“after running for half an hour”可知，跑步半小时后，腿部最有可能出现的情况是感到酸痛。故选A。 2．I had a bad ________ last night. I will go to see the dentist. A．fever B．toothache C．headache D．cough 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚我牙疼得厉害，今天要去看牙医。   考查名词辨析。fever发烧；toothache牙疼；headache头疼；cough咳嗽。根据“see the dentist”可知，此处指“牙疼”，应用toothache。故选B。 3．If you feel sick, you should take some ________. A．medicine B．medicines C．bandage 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你感觉生病了，你应该吃些药。 考查名词。medicine药；medicines（不同种类的）药；bandage绷带。根据“If you feel sick, you should take some...”可知，生病了应该吃药，此处指药物的总称，是不可数名词。故选A。 4．Oh, my dear. Your head is very hot. Maybe you have a ________. A．sore back B．fever C．sore throat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哦，亲爱的。你的头很热，也许你发烧了。 考查名词辨析。sore back背疼；fever发烧；sore throat嗓子疼。根据“Your head is very hot.”可知，头很热，可能是发烧了。故选B。 5．—Hi, doctor, I’m not feeling well. —Let me take your ________ first. A．weight B．goal C．message D．temperature 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，医生，我感觉不舒服。——让我先量一下你的体温。 考查名词辨析。weight重量；goal目标；message信息；temperature体温。根据“I’m not feeling well.”可知，不舒服应该先测量体温。故选D。 6．Let me take your temperature to see if you have a ________. A．cough B．fever C．headache 【答案】B 【详解】句意：让我给你量一下体温，看看你是否发烧了。 考查名词辨析。cough咳嗽；fever发烧；headache头疼。根据“Let me take your temperature to see if you have a...”可知，量体温，所以与发烧相关，故选B。 7．—Kids shouldn’t buy snacks from the shops that are without any licenses (证件). —You are right. They may easily cause a ________. A．headache B．stomachache C．toothache 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 孩子们不应该从没有任何证件的商店购买零食。 —— 你说得对。它们可能很容易引发腹痛。 考查名词辨析。headache头痛；stomachache胃疼；toothache牙痛。根据“Kids shouldn’t buy snacks”可知，句子围绕“无证件商店买零食”展开，无证件商店的零食质量无保障，食用后可能引发肠胃问题。故选B。 8．Would you please pass me the ________? I need it for my coffee. A．menu B．sugar C．salad D．salt 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请把糖递给我好吗？我的咖啡需要加糖。 考查名词辨析。menu菜单；sugar糖；salad色拉；salt盐。根据“I need it for my coffee.”并结合常识可知，此处是想在咖啡中加糖。故选B。 9．The old machine can’t work if the ________ becomes too high. A．fact B．talent C．temperature D．hope 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果温度变得太高，这台旧机器就不能工作了。 考查名词辨析。fact事实；talent天赋；temperature温度；hope希望。根据“The old machine can’t work if the...becomes too high.”可知，机器在工作时会产生热量，如果温度过高，可能会影响机器的正常运行甚至导致损坏。故选C。 10．People in the UK say “biscuit” while people in the USA say “________” A．soccer B．cookie C．lorry D．eraser 【答案】B 【详解】句意：英国人说“biscuit”，而美国人说“cookie”。 考查名词辨析。soccer足球；cookie曲奇饼；lorry运货汽车；eraser橡皮。根据“biscuit”可知，在英式英语中，该词表示“饼干”，等同于美式英语中的cookie。故选B。 11．Lucy was so ________ that she fell ________ in a minute. A．asleep; sleepy B．sleep; asleep C．sleepy; asleep D．sleep; sleepy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：露西如此困倦以至于她马上睡着了。 考查形容词辨析。asleep睡着的，形容词；sleepy困倦的，形容词；sleep睡觉，动词或名词。根据“Lucy was so...that she fell...”可知，第一个空应填形容词sleepy，作表语，表示露西如此困倦；fall asleep“睡着”，所以第二个空应该填形容词asleep。故选C。 12．________ vegetables are not always tasty, they keep us healthy and strong. A．So B．Because C．And D．Though 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管蔬菜并不总是好吃，但它们能让我们保持健康和强壮。 考查连词辨析。So因此；Because因为；And和；Though尽管。根据“vegetables are not always tasty”与“they keep us healthy and strong”之间的逻辑关系，前半句说蔬菜不总是好吃，后半句说它们有益健康，存在让步关系，故选D。 13．My coach ________ running in the morning to staying up late at night. A．prefers B．enjoys C．decides D．practices 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的教练比起熬夜更喜欢晨跑。 考查动词辨析。prefers更喜欢；enjoys喜欢；decides决定；practices练习。根据“My coach…up late at night.”可知，此处指的是我的教练更喜欢晨跑。prefer doing A to doing B是固定搭配，意为“比起做B，更喜欢做A”，故选A。 14．The flowers in the garden ________ so sweet. A．taste B．smell C．sound 【答案】B 【详解】句意：花园里的花闻起来很香。 考查动词辨析。taste尝起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来。根据“sweet”可知，花闻起来很香。故选B。 15．—Most people like this restaurant because it ________ delicious French cooking. —Really? I’ll come and have a try next time. A．plants B．smells C．serves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——大部分人喜欢这家餐厅，因为它提供美味的法国菜。——真的吗？下次我来试试。 考查动词辨析。plants种植；smells闻起来；serves提供。根据“...delicious French cooking”可知，此处指饭店提供美味的法国菜。故选C。 16．Tina is very ________ . She is afraid of speaking in front of the class. A．shy B．beautiful C．smart 【答案】A 【详解】句意：蒂娜非常害羞。她害怕在全班同学面前讲话。 考查形容词辨析。shy害羞的；beautiful美丽的；smart聪明的。根据“She is afraid of speaking in front of the class.”可知，蒂娜害怕在全班同学面前讲话，说明她性格内向、容易害羞。故选A。 17．—Why didn’t you come to school yesterday, Jane? —I got a cold and was absent ________ school. A．with B．at C．from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jane，你昨天为什么没去学校？——我感冒了，没去学校。 考查介词辨析。with和……一起；at在某时刻；from从……。be absent from意为“缺席”，形容词短语，故此处要用介词from。故选C。 18．Tom likes sports, and prefers ________ to ________. A．swim; running B．swim; run C．swimming; running 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆喜欢运动，比起跑步更喜欢游泳。 考查固定搭配。prefer doing A to doing B“宁愿做A而不愿做B”，是固定搭配。故选C。 19．—I want to set up a Nanyin club in our school. —That’s a good idea! It is quite necessary for us ________ this traditional art. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想在学校成立一个南音社。——好主意。传播这种传统艺术对我们来说很有必要。 考查非谓语动词。spread传播，动词原形；spreading动名词；to spread不定式。It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”，所以设空处填写不定式作真正主语。故选C。 20．At the beginning of the new year, I’m going to ________ a hobby, like painting or taking photos. A．take up B．make up C．dress up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新年伊始，我打算培养一个爱好，比如画画或拍照。 考查动词短语辨析。take up开始从事；make up组成；dress up打扮。根据“I’m going to...a hobby”可知，是培养一个爱好，故选A。 二、根据句意、首字母、音标或汉语提示填写单词。 21．Tina is a /ʃaɪ/ girl. 【答案】shy 【详解】句意：Tina是个害羞的女孩。根据音标提示/ʃaɪ/ 可知，英文表达是shy，意为“害羞的”，形容词作定语。故填shy。 22．Bob has great (业余爱好) because they can make him healthy and fit. 【答案】hobbies 【详解】句意：鲍勃有很棒的业余爱好，因为它们能让他健康且健壮。“业余爱好”的英文是hobby，根据“they”可知，前面的“业余爱好”是复数概念，“hobby”的复数形式是“hobbies。故填hobbies。 23．The man （较喜欢）living a real life to dreaming. 【答案】prefers 【详解】句意：这个人较喜欢过真实的生活而不是空想。根据汉语提示可知，prefer doing sth. to doing sth.“喜欢做某事而不喜欢做另一件事”，主语The man为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，prefer的第三人称单数是prefers。故填prefers。 24．I had a bad (咳嗽), so my mum took me to see the doctor. 【答案】cough 【详解】句意：我咳嗽得很厉害，所以我妈妈带我去看医生了。“a”后接可数名词单数，“cough”作名词时，意为“咳嗽”，是可数名词单数形式。故填cough。 25．When we meet some problems in our life, we should be (积极乐观的). 【答案】positive 【详解】句意：当我们在我们的生活中遇到一些问题时，我们应该要积极乐观。根据汉语提示可知，positive表示“积极乐观的”。故填positive。 26．The turkey is so big that we have to cook it at a very high t for a long time. 【答案】(t)emperature 【详解】句意：这个火鸡太大了，我们必须以高温煮很长时间。根据“The turkey is so big that we have to cook it at a very high … for a long time.”和首字母提示可知，火鸡太大了，所以要以高温煮很长时间。at a very high temperature“在非常高的温度下”，temperature“温度”。故填(t)emperature。 27．My brother is very (外向的) and he has many friends. 【答案】outgoing 【详解】句意：我哥哥很外向，他有很多朋友。根据空格前“is”，结合中文提示可知，此处应该填入outgoing，形容词，作表语，指的是“我”哥哥很外向。故填outgoing。 28．The little boy is very l . He never does his homework. 【答案】(l)azy 【详解】句意：这个小男孩非常懒惰。他从不做家庭作业。根据“The little boy is very... He never does his homework.”可知，他非常懒惰，lazy“懒惰的”，在句中作表语。故填(l)azy。 29．My deskmate doesn’t feel well so he is a from class. 【答案】(a)bsent 【详解】句意：我的同桌感觉不舒服，所以他没来上课。“be absent from”是固定短语，意为“缺席……”，此处需要用形容词“absent”，译为“缺席的”。故填(a)bsent。 30．The doctor advised him to take the m three times a day. 【答案】(m)edicine 【详解】句意：医生建议他一天吃三次这种药。根据“The doctor advised him to take the ...”和首字母提示可知，此处应指医生建议他吃药，take the medicine“吃药”，固定搭配。故填(m)edicine。 31．After enough sleep, your brain can deal with difficult problems more (清晰地). 【答案】clearly 【详解】句意：充足的睡眠后，你的大脑能更清晰地处理难题。“清晰地”clearly，副词修饰动词。故填clearly。 32．Using phones late at night makes you feel (困倦的) the next day. 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意：深夜使用手机会让你第二天感到困倦。feel后跟形容词作表语，结合中文提示可知，此处应该填入sleepy，形容词。故填sleepy。 33．Before hard exercise, don’t keep an (空的) stomach. 【答案】empty 【详解】句意：在进行剧烈运动之前，不要空腹。根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处考查empty“空的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰名词“stomach”。故填empty。 34．Running in the morning gives you e to feel active all day. 【答案】(e)nergy 【详解】句意：晨跑能让你一整天都感到精力充沛。根据“feel active all day”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示“能量”或“精力”。energy意为“能量，精力”，不可数名词，符合句意。故填(e)nergy。 35．Feeling positive has many b . 【答案】(b)enefits 【详解】句意：感觉积极有很多益处。根据“Feeling positive has many…”，结合首字母提示可知，此处应该填入benefits，可数名词，作宾语，意为“益处”，表达感觉积极有很多益处。故填(b)enefits。 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 36．Students should be encouraged to do more exercise to improve their fitness. (physics) 【答案】physical 【详解】句意：应该鼓励学生多做体育锻炼来增强体质。“physics”是名词，意为“物理”，其形容词形式“physical”意为“身体的；体育的”，在句中作定语，修饰“exercise”，“physical exercise”表示“体育锻炼”，符合语境。故填physical。 37．Bob 75kg now, so he has to do some exercise to lose . (weigh) 【答案】 weighs weight 【详解】句意：Bob现在体重75公斤，所以他需要做一些运动来减肥。第一空是作谓语，应用动词weigh。时态是一般现在时，主语是Bob，动词用三单形式；第二空是固定短语lose weight“减肥”。故填weighs；weight。 38．Lily can’t sleep well since the bed in her school dormitory (宿舍) is . She cannot wait to come back home in the winter holiday and have a rest in her own bed. (comfortable) 【答案】 uncomfortable comfortably 【详解】句意：莉莉睡不好，因为她学校宿舍的床不舒服。她迫不及待地想在寒假回家，在自己的床上躺着舒服地休息。根据“Lily can’t sleep well”可知，第一空指的是床不舒服，uncomfortable“不舒服的”，作表语；第二空指莉莉想在寒假里舒适地休息，修饰动词短语“have a rest”，需用副词comfortably“舒服地”。故填uncomfortable；comfortably。 39．Our dining experience was truly unforgettable because of the delicious food and fabulous provided by the restaurant. (serve) 【答案】service 【详解】句意：我们的用餐体验太令人难忘了，因为餐厅提供了美味的食物和极好的服务。根据“because of the delicious food and fabulous...”可知，此处应填名词，serve“服务”，是动词，名词形式是service，意为“服务”，是不可数名词。故填service。 40．In our (opinion), eating different kinds of food is key to staying healthy. 【答案】opinion 【详解】句意：在我们看来，吃不同种类的食物是保持健康的关键。根据“In our... (opinion)”以及所给提示词可知，此处使用固定短语“in one’s opinion”，表示“在某人看来”，“our”后接名词“opinion”，且“opinion”用单数形式即可。故填opinion。 41．We need (eat) healthy food to start the day. 【答案】to eat 【详解】句意：我们需要吃健康的食物来开启新的一天。need to do sth.“需要做某事”，固定搭配，要用动词不定式to eat。故填to eat。 42．Eating fruits and vegetables every day is important for good health, (especial) for the growing students. 【答案】especially 【详解】句意：每天吃水果和蔬菜对身体健康很重要，尤其是对正在成长的学生们。根据“Eating fruits and vegetables every day is important for good health, ...for the growing students.”以及英文提示可知，此处需要一个副词来表示强调，especial是形容词，其副词形式是especially，意为“尤其，特别”，用于引出强调的内容。故填especially。 43．I have a (stomach) because I ate too much junk food. 【答案】stomachache 【详解】句意：我胃痛，因为我吃了太多垃圾食品。根据“because I ate too much junk food”可知，吃了太多垃圾食品，应会导致胃痛，stomachache“胃痛”。故填stomachache。 44． a good mood, he can study (good) and work (efficient). 【答案】 In well efficiently 【详解】句意：心情好时，他能学得好且工作高效。in a good mood意为“心情好”，为固定短语；根据“he can study...and work...”可知，第二个空和第三个空需填副词修饰动词，good的副词是well“很好地”，efficient的副词是efficiently“高效地”。故填In；well；efficiently 45．Yinuo is never (absence) from football matches and feels (confidence) when playing. 【答案】 absent confident 【详解】句意：一诺从不缺席足球比赛，并且在踢球时感到自信。第一空，根据“is never … from”可知，此处考查be absent from“缺席……”，形容词短语，应用absence的形容词形式absent“缺席的”，在句中作系动词“is”的表语；第二空，空前为系动词“feels”，此处应用confidence的形容词形式confident“自信的”，在句中作系动词“feels”的表语。故填absent；confident。 46．Wenwen has meals with (few) salt, while Xiaolu often eats (hamburger). 【答案】 little hamburgers 【详解】句意：文文吃饭时用很少的盐，而小璐经常吃汉堡包。“salt”是不可数名词，“few”修饰可数名词复数，“little”修饰不可数名词，所以用“little”，表示“很少的；几乎没有的（修饰不可数名词）”，说明文文吃饭时盐的用量少；“hamburger”是可数名词，“often”（经常）表明是多次吃，要用复数形式“hamburgers”，体现小璐经常吃汉堡包这一行为。故填little；hamburgers。 47．In (I) opinion, junk food is (complete) unhealthy. 【答案】 my completely 【详解】句意：在我看来，垃圾食品是完全不健康的。第一空“In my opinion”是固定搭配，表示“在我看来”。第二空需要填入副词形式修饰形容词unhealthy。complete的副词形式是completely。故填my；completely。 48．Fried food and iced drinks are (health) and should be avoided (避免). 【答案】unhealthy 【详解】句意：油炸食品和冰镇饮料是不健康的，应该被避免。根据“should be avoided”可知，上一句指油炸食品和冰镇饮料是不健康的；此处用health的形容词unhealthy“不健康的”。故填unhealthy。 49．She took her (temperature) and found she had a fever. 【答案】temperature 【详解】句意：她测了体温发现她发烧了。temperature“温度”，take one’s temperature“量体温”符合语境，故填temperature。 50．I feel so (sleep) that I can hardly open my eyes. 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意：我感觉如此困倦，以至于几乎睁不开眼睛。根据“I feel so…that I can hardly open my eyes”可知，此处需用形容词描述“感觉”的状态。sleep的形容词形式sleepy表示“困倦的”，符合语境。故填sleepy。 四、完成句子 51．根据医生的建议，青少年应该避免熬夜。 the doctor’s advice, teenagers should avoid . 【答案】 According to staying up late 【详解】根据句意可知，第一二空处表示“根据”，用介词短语“according to”，且位于句首，首字母大写，所以第一二空填According；to；第三四五空表示“熬夜”，用“stay up late”，又因为“avoid doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，所以此处stay要用动名词形式staying。故填According；to；staying；up；late。 52．我们运动是为了保持活力和充沛的精力。 We play sports to and full of energy. 【答案】 stay active 【详解】 stay active“保持活力”；填不定式作目的状语。故填stay；active。 53．三天之内完成这项工作似乎是不可能的。 to finish the work in three days. 【答案】 It doesn’t seem possible 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“似乎是不可能的”英文表达。It doesn’t seem+形容词+to do sth. “做某事似乎是不……的”，固定句型，possible“可能的”，形容词。故填It；doesn’t；seem；possible。 54．我们用酱料让食物味道更好，而且土豆常被当作主食。 We use sauces to make foods taste better, and potatoes are often the main food. 【答案】 served as 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用be served as“被当作”；句子为被动语态，are后接动词的过去分词served，as表示“作为”。故填served；as。 55．巧克力和糖果对你的牙齿不好。 Chocolate and candies your teeth. 【答案】 are bad for 【详解】be bad for“对……不好”，时态为一般现在时，主语“Chocolate and candies”为复数，所以be用are。故填are；bad；for。 56．如果有食物和健康饮食方面的问题，随时问我。 Please ask me about food and healthy diets. 【答案】 feel free to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“随时”，feel free to do sth.“随便做某事”，是固定搭配，根据“Please”可知，此句是祈使句，所以动词用原形。故填feel；free；to。 57．土豆是不错的蔬菜，但薯片是垃圾食品。 Potatoes are good vegetables, but potato chips are . 【答案】 junk food 【详解】垃圾食品：junk food，名词短语；表示不健康的食物，为不可数名词。故填junk；food。 58．这次我一定能做到，我相信自己也有这个能力。 This time I’ll , I know I can, too. 【答案】make it 【详解】由汉语提示可知，此处缺少“做到”，对应英文为“make it”；由空前的“I’ll”可知，此处用动词原形。故填make it。 59．你不必担心你的成绩。 You your grades. 【答案】 needn’t worry about 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处使用情态动词need的否定形式表示“不必”，worry about表示“担心”。故填needn’t；worry；about。 60．我们每天需要获得足够的睡眠。 We get every day. 【答案】 need to enough sleep 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“需要”和“足够的睡眠”。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”；enough“足够的”；sleep“睡眠”。故填need；to；enough；sleep。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 内容概况 1、基础知识清单 · 重点单词、重点短语、重点句子 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 · 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 · 完成句子。 基础知识清单 英语单词 词性 中文意思 1. cough n. 咳嗽 2. fever n. 发烧 3. sore adj. (发炎) 疼痛的；酸痛的 4. throat n. 咽喉；喉咙 5. headache n. 头痛 6. toothache n. 牙痛 7. stomachache n. 胃痛 8. temperature n. 体温；温度 9. medicine n. 药，药物 10. junk food n. 垃圾食品 11. slim adj. 苗条的 12. diet n. 日常饮食 13. screen n. 屏幕；荧屏 14. sugar n. 糖；食糖 15. ache n. (身体某部位的) 疼痛 16. examine v. 检查，检验 17. hamburger n. 汉堡包 18. chip n. 炸薯条 19. fried adj. 油炸的 20. pork n. 猪肉 21. pepper n. 胡椒粉 22. iced adj. 冰镇的 23. Coke n. 可乐 24. pill n. 药丸；药片 25. outgoing adj. 外向的；爱交际的 26. shy adj. 羞怯的；腼腆的 27. snack n. 点心；小吃 28. chocolate n. 巧克力 29. cookie n. 曲奇饼 30. ice cream n. 冰激凌 31. cream n. 奶油 32. jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 33. lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒散的 34. condition n. 健康状况；状态 35. uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的 36. diary n. 日记；日记簿 37. positive adj. 积极乐观的；积极的 38. benefit n. 益处；优势 39. mood n. 心情；情绪 40. volleyball n. 排球运动 41. energy n. 精力；能量 42. glad adj. 高兴；愉快 43. confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 44. absent adj. 缺席；不在 45. moment n. 片刻；瞬间 46. oneself pron. 自己；亲自 47. seem v. 好像，似乎 48. unhealthy adj. 不健康的 49. empty adj. 空的；无意义的 50. stomach n. 胃 51. living n.；adj. 生活方式；生活的；活着的 52. nonsense n. 胡扯；胡言乱语 53. improper adj. 不正确的；不适当的 54. clearly adv. 明显地；清楚地 55. sleepy adj. 困倦的；瞌睡的 56. worse adj. 更差的；更糟的 57. rid v. 摆脱 58. fridge n. 冰箱 59. weight n. 重量 60. potato n. 马铃薯；土豆 61. corn n. 玉米；谷物 62. candy n. 糖果；一块糖 63. biscuit n. 饼干 64. beef n. 牛肉 65. cucumber n. 黄瓜 66. lifestyle n. 生活方式；工作方式 67. prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢…… 多于…… 68. bean n. 豆；豆荚 69. though conj. 虽然；尽管 70. method n. 方法；办法 71. focus v.；n. 集中 (注意力等); 中心点；关注 72. smell n. 气味；嗅觉 73. mostly adv. 通常；主要地 74. sauce n. 调味汁；酱 75. serve v. 端上；服务 76. hobby n. 业余爱好 77. hurry n.；v. 匆忙；急忙；匆忙 (做某事) 78. mad adj. 很生气；气愤 79. fit adj. 健壮的；健康的 80. physical adj. 身体的 81. balanced adj. 保持 (或显示) 平衡的 82. runner n. 奔跑的人 (或动物) 83. spread v.；n. 蔓延；扩散 重 点 短 语 1. take one's temperature 量体温 2. lose one's voice 失声；嗓子哑 3. stay up late 熬夜 4. have a fever 发烧 5. stay/keep away from 远离...... 6. take an active part in 积极参与 7. not ... at all 一点也不；根本不 8. take some pills 服药 9. in one's opinion 在某人看来 10. for one thing 一来；一方面 11. for another 另一方面 12. a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法 13. do some exercise 做运动 14. right away 立刻；马上 15. in many ways 在很多方面 16. according to 根据 17. step by step 逐步地 18. keep a diary 写日志 19. communicate with sb. 与某人交流 20. make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 21. come across 偶然发现 (某物)；偶然遇见 (某人) 22. live a happy life 过幸福的生活 23. get through 度过 (难关、困境等)；通过 24. by chance 偶然；巧合 25. be absent from 缺席 26. be bad for 对...... 有害 27. what's worse 更糟糕的是 28. get rid of 摆脱 29. lose weight 减肥 30. take care of 照顾 31. hand in 上交 32. worry about 担心 33. on the other hand 另一方面 34. focus on 专注于 35. take up 开始从事 (某项活动)；占用 (时间、空间等) 36. stay/keep fit 保持健康 37. plenty of 大量 38. grow up 成长 句 子 总 结 1. I have a bad cough. (我咳得很厉害。) 2. What’s wrong with you? (你怎么了？) 3. You need to see a doctor. (你需要看医生。) 4. I’m sorry to hear that. (听到这个消息我很难过。) 5. I feel very sick and have a stomachache. (我感到很不舒服，胃也疼。) 6. You ate too much junk food. (你吃了太多垃圾食品。) 7. Take an active part in doing sports. (积极参加体育运动。) 8. Doing exercise is good for us in many ways. (锻炼在许多方面对我们有益。) 9. Jogging is good for our legs and hearts. (慢跑对我们的腿和心脏有益。) 10. Talking to ourselves is a useful way. (与自己对话是个有用的方法。) 11. It is impossible to keep healthy without good habits. (没有好习惯不可能保持健康。) 12. Don’t eat too much junk food, or you will feel uncomfortable. (别吃太多垃圾食品，否则你会不舒服。) 13. She dislikes ice cream because it’s bad for her teeth. (她不喜欢冰淇淋，因为对牙齿不好。) 14. You needn’t stay up late. (你不必熬夜。) 15. We need to get enough sleep every day. (我们每天需要充足睡眠。) 16. Chocolate and candy are bad for your teeth. (巧克力和糖果对牙齿有害。) 17. Kids need to do physical activity every day. (孩子们需要每天进行体育活动。) 过关练 一、单项选择 1．Tom felt his legs were very ________ after running for half an hour. A．sore B．cold C．healthy D．broken 2．I had a bad ________ last night. I will go to see the dentist. A．fever B．toothache C．headache D．cough 3．If you feel sick, you should take some ________. A．medicine B．medicines C．bandage 4．Oh, my dear. Your head is very hot. Maybe you have a ________. A．sore back B．fever C．sore throat 5．—Hi, doctor, I’m not feeling well. —Let me take your ________ first. A．weight B．goal C．message D．temperature 6．Let me take your temperature to see if you have a ________. A．cough B．fever C．headache 7．—Kids shouldn’t buy snacks from the shops that are without any licenses (证件). —You are right. They may easily cause a ________. A．headache B．stomachache C．toothache 8．Would you please pass me the ________? I need it for my coffee. A．menu B．sugar C．salad D．salt 9．The old machine can’t work if the ________ becomes too high. A．fact B．talent C．temperature D．hope 10．People in the UK say “biscuit” while people in the USA say “________” A．soccer B．cookie C．lorry D．eraser 11．Lucy was so ________ that she fell ________ in a minute. A．asleep; sleepy B．sleep; asleep C．sleepy; asleep D．sleep; sleepy 12．________ vegetables are not always tasty, they keep us healthy and strong. A．So B．Because C．And D．Though 13．My coach ________ running in the morning to staying up late at night. A．prefers B．enjoys C．decides D．practices 14．The flowers in the garden ________ so sweet. A．taste B．smell C．sound 15．—Most people like this restaurant because it ________ delicious French cooking. —Really? I’ll come and have a try next time. A．plants B．smells C．serves 16．Tina is very ________ . She is afraid of speaking in front of the class. A．shy B．beautiful C．smart 17．—Why didn’t you come to school yesterday, Jane? —I got a cold and was absent ________ school. A．with B．at C．from 18．Tom likes sports, and prefers ________ to ________. A．swim; running B．swim; run C．swimming; running 19．—I want to set up a Nanyin club in our school. —That’s a good idea! It is quite necessary for us ________ this traditional art. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread 20．At the beginning of the new year, I’m going to ________ a hobby, like painting or taking photos. A．take up B．make up C．dress up 二、根据句意、首字母、音标或汉语提示填写单词。 21．Tina is a /ʃaɪ/ girl. 22．Bob has great (业余爱好) because they can make him healthy and fit. 23．The man （较喜欢）living a real life to dreaming. 24．I had a bad (咳嗽), so my mum took me to see the doctor. 25．When we meet some problems in our life, we should be (积极乐观的). 26．The turkey is so big that we have to cook it at a very high t for a long time. 27．My brother is very (外向的) and he has many friends. 28．The little boy is very l . He never does his homework. 29．My deskmate doesn’t feel well so he is a from class. 30．The doctor advised him to take the m three times a day. 31．After enough sleep, your brain can deal with difficult problems more (清晰地). 32．Using phones late at night makes you feel (困倦的) the next day. 33．Before hard exercise, don’t keep an (空的) stomach. 34．Running in the morning gives you e to feel active all day. 35．Feeling positive has many b . 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 36．Students should be encouraged to do more exercise to improve their fitness. (physics) 37．Bob 75kg now, so he has to do some exercise to lose . (weigh) 38．Lily can’t sleep well since the bed in her school dormitory (宿舍) is . She cannot wait to come back home in the winter holiday and have a rest in her own bed. (comfortable) 39．Our dining experience was truly unforgettable because of the delicious food and fabulous provided by the restaurant. (serve) 40．In our (opinion), eating different kinds of food is key to staying healthy. 41．We need (eat) healthy food to start the day. 42．Eating fruits and vegetables every day is important for good health, (especial) for the growing students. 43．I have a (stomach) because I ate too much junk food. 44． a good mood, he can study (good) and work (efficient). 45．Yinuo is never (absence) from football matches and feels (confidence) when playing. 46．Wenwen has meals with (few) salt, while Xiaolu often eats (hamburger). 47．In (I) opinion, junk food is (complete) unhealthy. 48．Fried food and iced drinks are (health) and should be avoided (避免). 49．She took her (temperature) and found she had a fever. 50．I feel so (sleep) that I can hardly open my eyes. 四、完成句子 51．根据医生的建议，青少年应该避免熬夜。 the doctor’s advice, teenagers should avoid . 52．我们运动是为了保持活力和充沛的精力。 We play sports to and full of energy. 53．三天之内完成这项工作似乎是不可能的。 to finish the work in three days. 54．我们用酱料让食物味道更好，而且土豆常被当作主食。 We use sauces to make foods taste better, and potatoes are often the main food. 55．巧克力和糖果对你的牙齿不好。 Chocolate and candies your teeth. 56．如果有食物和健康饮食方面的问题，随时问我。 Please ask me about food and healthy diets. 57．土豆是不错的蔬菜，但薯片是垃圾食品。 Potatoes are good vegetables, but potato chips are . 58．这次我一定能做到，我相信自己也有这个能力。 This time I’ll , I know I can, too. 59．你不必担心你的成绩。 You your grades. 60．我们每天需要获得足够的睡眠。 We get every day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $