专题03 Units 1～4 重难点及易错辨析（期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材沪教版

专题03 Units 1~4 重难点及易错辨析 单元 知识点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1~4 1.重难点及核心短语搭配 2.易错辨析 语法选择、完形填空、语法填空、语篇填词等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考查与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.突出应用能力：突出对学生英语应用能力的考查，强调英语作为一种交流工具的实用性。 知识点 （一）含 die 的动词短语 短语 含义 例句 die out 灭绝；消失（无被动，不接宾语） Dinosaurs died out about 66 million years ago. die of/from 因…… 而死（疾病、创伤等） He died of/from a heart attack. die away 逐渐减弱；消失（声音、光线等） The sound of their laughter died away. die off 相继死去 The cancer cells die off. die down 逐渐平息；变弱（火焰、情绪等） The flames finally died down. （二）whole 与 all 易混词 用法 例句 whole 表 “全部的”，强调不可分割整体；结构 “限定词 + whole + 名词” She studied the whole morning. all 表 “全部”，强调整体由个体组成；位于限定词前 All my money was lost. （三）agree的短语和句型 搭配 含义 例句 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点、意见或看法 I agree with you that we should start early.我同意你我们应该早点出发的看法。 agree about/on sth. 就…… 达成一致 We all agree on the plan for the trip.我们都就旅行计划达成了一致 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 He agreed to help me with my homework.他同意帮我做家庭作业。 agree that... 同意…… We agree that studying hard is important.我们同意努力学习是重要的。 （四）辨析die/ died/ dead/ death/ dying 单词 词性 核心含义 常用搭配/用法 例句 die 动词（原形） 死亡；熄灭（瞬间动作） die of/from（因…… 而死）；die out（灭绝）；die away（逐渐消失）等 Plants will die without water.植物没有水会死亡。 died 动词（过去式 / 过去分词） 死亡；熄灭（过去发生的动作） 用于一般过去时等时态 He died last year.他去年去世了。 dead 形容词 死的；无生命的；熄灭的（表状态） be dead（处于死亡的状态） The tree has been dead for a long time.这棵树已经死了很长时间了。 death 名词 死亡；死神；毁灭 the death of...（…… 的死亡） His death made us very sad.他的死亡让我们很伤心。 dying 1. 动词现在分词 / 动名词 2. 形容词 1. 正在死亡；渐渐熄灭（动作进行） 2. 垂死的；临终的；快要熄灭的（表状态） be dying（奄奄一息）；dying words（临终遗言） 1. The old man is dying.这位老人奄奄一息。 2. We should help the dying animals.我们应该帮助濒危动物。 （五）“花费” 相关动词（spend/cost/pay/take） 动词 主语 宾语类型 常用结构 例句 spend 人 时间 / 金钱 sb. spend(s) time/money on sth./(in) doing sth. She spends two hours on English homework every evening.她每天晚上花两小时做英语作业。 cost 物 金钱 sth.cost(s) (sb.) money This new mobile phone costs 3000 yuan.这部新手机价值 3000 元。 pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) money for sth. You need to pay 50 yuan for this magazine.你需要付 50 元买这本杂志。 take it / 物 时间 It takes sb. time to do sth./sth. takes time It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day.我每天步行去学校要花半小时。 （六）challenge的用法 单词形式 词性 核心含义 常用搭配/用法 例句 challenge 动词 1. 向（某人）挑战； 2. 质疑（权威、观点等） 1. 表 “挑战”：challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb. to do sth.向某人挑战做某事 2. 表 “质疑”：直接接宾语（如权威、理论等） 1.She challenged her brother to a chess match.她向哥哥挑战一场国际象棋比赛。 2. Some scientists challenged the old theory.一些科学家质疑这个古老的理论。 名词 挑战；艰巨任务 1. 常用搭配：a great challenge重大挑战、face a challenge面对挑战、meet a challenge应对挑战 2. 后接介词 “for”（对…… 而言的挑战） The new job is a great challenge for me.这份新工作对我来说是一项重大挑战。 （七）promise的用法 词性 常见搭配 例句 动词 promise sb. sth../promise sth.. to sb. He promised his son a present. promise to do sth.. My father promised to buy me a new computer. promise (sb.) that... You promised me that you’ll come to my party. 名词 make a promise（许诺）、keep/break a promise（守 / 违背诺言） She kept her promise to come back. （八）instead of、instead 辨析 易混词（组） 用法 例句 instead of 介词短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表 “代替”，含否定意味。 He decided to walk instead of taking a bus. She drank tea instead of coffee. instead 副词，单独使用，位于句首或句末，表 “反而”。 Let's fly instead. He didn't apologize. Instead, he argued with me. （九）take place 与 happen 易混词 用法 例句 take place 表 “发生”，指事先安排或计划的事件 The film festival will take place in October. happen 表 “发生”，指偶然事件 A car accident happened last night. （十）amount 与 number 短语 接词类型 主谓一致规则 例句 an amount of 仅接不可数名词（如 water, money, time） 谓语动词用单数，amount前通常用“small、large”修饰。 1. A large amount of electricity is used in summer.夏天会消耗大量电力。 2. She spent a large amount of energy on this project.她在这个项目上投入了大量精力。 the amount of 仅接不可数名词（如 rain, information, food） 谓语动词用单数，表 “…… 的数量”，侧重强调 “数量” 这一概念。 1. The amount of information on the Internet is growing rapidly.互联网上的信息量正在快速增长。 2. We need to reduce the amount of waste we produce.我们需要减少产生的垃圾数量。 a number of 仅接可数名词复数（如 students, cars, books） 谓语动词用复数 表 “若干；一些”，通常用“small、large”修饰number。 1. A number of trees were planted in the park last spring.去年春天公园里种了一些树。 2. He received a number of letters from his fans.他收到了粉丝寄来的若干封信。 the number of 仅接可数名词复数（如 people, houses, computers） 谓语动词用单数 表 “…… 的数量”，侧重强调 “数量” 这一概念，常与 “具体数字、增减趋势” 搭配 1. The number of people living in this city has reached 5 million.居住在这座城市的人数已达 500 万。 2. The number of new apps released each month is decreasing.每月发布的新应用数量在减少。 （十一）because 与 because of 词汇 词性 后接成分 例句 because 连词 接完整从句 She stayed at home because she felt tired.她待在家里，因为她觉得累了。 because of 介词短语 接名词、代词、动名词 We canceled the picnic because of the heavy rain. 我们取消了野餐，因为这场大雨。 （十二）for example/ for instance与 such as 易混短语 用法 例句 for example/ for instance 举例说明，用逗号隔开，可位于句首 / 中 / 末 Many ball games, for example football, are popular. such as 列举同类事物，后接名词 / 代词，无逗号 I like fruits such as apples and bananas. （十三）run out 与 run out of 易混词组 用法 例句 run out 不及物，主语为物，表 “被用完” The oil has run out. 石油已经耗尽了。 run out of 及物，主语为人，表 “用完某物” We ran out of the energy. 我们耗尽了能量。 （十四）invent/discover/create 动词 含义 例句 invent 发明（原本不存在的事物） Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。 discover 发现（原本存在但未知的事物） Columbus discovered America.哥伦布发现了美洲。 create 创造（精神产物或新事物） The writer created an interesting story.作者写了一个有趣的故事。 （十五）although 与 though 词汇 共同点 不同点 although 均表 “虽然”，引导让步状语从句，不与 but 连用，但能跟yet，still 一起用。 Although/ Though he is young, yet he has rich work experience.虽然他很年轻，但他有丰富的工作经验。 较正式，无副词用法 though 较口语化，可作副词表 “然而”，位于句末。 做连词时，though可用于倒装句。 He said he would come; he didn’t, though.他说他会来，然而他没来。 2.Tired though she was, she kept working.虽然她很累，但她仍在继续工作。 （十六）notice 的用法 常见搭配 含义 例句 notice sb. do sth.. 注意到某人做某事（全过程） I noticed her go into the church. notice sb. doing sth.. 注意到某人正在做某事（动作进行中） I didn't notice him leaving. notice (that) 从句 注意到…… I noticed that her hands were shaking. （十七）there be 句型与 have/has 类别 含义 用法特点 例句 there be 表示 “存在” 遵循 “就近原则”，强调客观存在 There is a pen and two books on the desk. have/has 表示 “所属关系” 主语为人或有生命的物体 I have a car. （十八）farther 与 further 易混词 用法 例句 farther 表 “更远的”，侧重物理距离 She lives farther from school. further 表 “更远的”（物理 / 抽象）；“更进一步的” I need further information./He walked further. （十九）warn的用法 搭配 含义 例句 warn sb (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事 The teacher warned us not to copy others' homework.老师警告我们不要抄别人的作业。 warn sb about sth. 就某事提醒 / 警告某人 My mother always warns me about the danger of crossing the road carelessly.妈妈总是提醒我过马路粗心大意有危险。 warn sb of sth. 向某人警示某事（多为潜在风险、危险等） The sign warns passengers of the possible delay of the train.这个标识向乘客警示火车可能会晚点。 warn sb against (doing) sth. 告诫某人不要做某事；提醒某人防范某事 The doctor warned him against eating too much sugar.医生告诫他不要吃太多糖。 warn that... 警告 / 警示……（后接从句说明具体情况） The weather report warned that a strong storm would hit the area tonight.天气预报警示今晚有强风暴会袭击该地区。 （二十）so...that/ so that 结构 含义 句型结构 例句 so ... that ... 如此…… 以至于…… 主语 + be 动词 + so + 形容词 + that + 结果从句 主语 + 动词 + so + 副词 + that + 结果从句 The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.这部电影太无聊了，以至于我睡着了。He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得如此快以至于我追不上他。 so that=in order that 为了……，以便…… 引导目的状语从句，强调前句的动作是为了实现从句的结果 Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.=Speak louder in order that everyone can hear you.说大声点，以便每个人都能听见。 （二十一）answer/ reply 单词 核心用法（作动词） 是否及物 常用搭配 例句 reply 侧重 “针对性回应”，如回应话语、邮件、消息等，动作更强调 “回应” 本身 不及物动词（后接宾语必须加介词 to） 1. reply to sb.（回应某人） 2. reply to sth.（回应某事，如 email/message）3. reply that...（回应说……） 1. She replied to my message quickly.（她很快回复了我的消息。） 2. He replied that he couldn’t come.（他回应说他来不了。） answer 侧重 “宽泛答复或应对”，可表示回答问题、接听电话、回应请求等，含 “解决、应对” 的含义 多作及物动词（可直接接宾语） 1. answer sth.（直接接宾语，如 question/phone/letter）2. answer to sb.（特殊搭配，表 “对某人负责”） 3. answer for sth.（特殊搭配，表 “为某事负责”） 1. Can you answer this question?（你能回答这个问题吗？）2. Dad answered the phone just now.（爸爸刚才接了电话。） （二十二）message/ news/ information 单词 含义 可数性 常用搭配 例句 message 侧重 “特定的信息、消息”，多为个人间传递的口头或书面内容，常含明确意图 可数名词（复数：messages） 1. send a message发消息 2. leave a message留口信 3. take a message捎口信 1. She sent me a message about the meeting.她给我发了一条关于会议的消息。 2. Can you take a message for me?你能帮我捎个口信吗？ news 侧重 “新闻、消息”，指近期发生的、公开的重要事件或信息，多为客观报道 不可数名词（无复数，表 “一则新闻” 用 a piece of news） 1. read the news看新闻 2. hear the news听到消息 3. breaking news突发新闻 1. Did you hear the news about the new school?你听说关于新学校的消息了吗？ 2. There’s a piece of good news for you.有一则好消息要告诉你。 information 侧重 “泛指的信息、资料”，指通过各种途径获取的、用于参考或帮助的内容 不可数名词（无复数） 1. collect information收集信息 2. provide information提供资料 3. useful information有用的信息 1. He needs more information about the job.他需要更多关于这份工作的信息。 2. The website provides useful information for students.这个网站为学生提供有用的资料。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1. He didn’t go to work ______ he was seriously ill, not ______ the bad weather. A. because; because of B. because of; because C. because; because D. because of; because of 2. —Can you give me some examples of healthy foods? —Sure. There are many, ______ fruits, vegetables and whole grains. 3. Many old traditions ______ because young people are not interested in them anymore. A. die of B. die out C. die down D. die off 4. My parents don’t ______ me to go out alone at night. A. agree with B. agree on C. agree to D. agree that 5.His grandfather ______ three years ago, and he still misses him very much. A. die B. died C. dead D. death 6.It usually ______ her 20 minutes to walk to school every morning. A. spends B. costs C. pays D. takes 7. My mother promised ______ a new storybook for me if I passed the English test.​ A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buys​ 8. I decided to stay at home and watch TV ______ going out with my friends. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because 9. The school sports meeting will ______ next Friday. We are all preparing for it. A. take place B. happen C. took place D. happened 10.______ money was spent on this new project, but the result was not good. A. A large amount of B. A large number of C. The amount of D. The number of 11. I like many kinds of fruits, ______ apples, bananas and oranges. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D.as 12.Our water ______ yesterday. We had to buy some from the supermarket. A. run out B. ran out C. run out of D. ran out of 13.Edison ______ the light bulb, which changed people’s life a lot. A. invented B. discovered C. created D. found out 14. ______ he is very young, he knows a lot about history. A. Although B. Because C. So D. But 15. ______ a book and two pens on the desk. You can use them if you need. A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has 提升突破（测试时间：15分钟） 1．I hear that ______ an English contest in our school next week. A．there is B．there are C．there will have D．there will be 2.______ the students in our grade took part in the sports meeting, and ______ them finished the 800-meter race. A. All; whole B. Whole; all C. All; all of D. Whole; all of 3.—I think students should be allowed to use dictionaries in English exams. —I ______ you. It helps them understand new words and avoid silly mistakes. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 4.It ______ the workers three years to build the high-speed railway between the two cities, and it ______ them a lot of money. A. took; cost B. spent; cost C. took; spent D. cost; took 5.He chose to walk to work ______ driving his car, because he wanted to reduce carbon emissions. A. instead of B. instead C. because of D. because 6.A big earthquake ______ in Sichuan in 2008, and it caused great damage. While the World Expo ______ in Shanghai in 2010, which attracted millions of visitors. A. happened; took place B. took place; happened C. happened; happened D. took place; took place 7.______ people attended the concert last night, and ______ money was raised for the poor children. A. A number of; a large amount of B. The number of; a large amount of C. A number of; the amount of D. The number of; the number of 8．—Did you notice Mr. Li ________ in his office? —Yes, he was going over our homework. A．work B．working C．works D．to work 9.We ______ all our paper, so we need to buy some more. And when the paper _____, please remember to tell me. A. ran out of; runs out B. ran out; runs out of C. ran out of; runs out of D. ran out; runs out 10. Due to long-term habitat loss and food shortage, the small animal species in this area finally ______completely. A. died off B. died out C. died down D. died of 11.Learning a foreign language well is a big ______ for many students, but they still keep trying.​ A. challenge B. promise C. schedule D. chance​ 12.We need to make ______ research to find out the cause of this problem. A. farther B. further C. far D. farthest 13. The teacher warned us ______ football in the street. It’s very dangerous.​ A. not to play B. to not play C. not playing D. to play not​ 14.The movie was ______ boring ______ I fell asleep halfway. A. so; that B. so that C. too; to D. such; that 15．Gilbert ________ electricity and Edison ________ the practical electric bulb. A．discovered; invented B．discovered; discovered C．invented; invented D．invented; discovered 拓展题（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 There are many wetlands (湿地) in China. And 1 of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. There 2 many different kinds of animals living there as home. The world’s largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. 3 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) in the world, 4 every winter you can see some in the Red-Crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands. The temperature in the wetlands is usually 5 too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. There are really good places for wildlife. 6 food or home to some special kinds of animals is not the only reason 7 we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they can 8 prevent (阻止) floods. But some people insist that they want 9 the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means that there will be 10 space for wildlife. Luckily, more and more people begin to realize the 11 of wetlands and wildlife at the moment. Every year 12 February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands. More and more wetland parks 13 around the world. They 14 not only protect some endangered animals, but also provide some good places for us to travel. Do you think it’s necessary for 15 to protect the wetlands? 1．A．little B．much C．any D．some 2．A．is B．are C．was D．were 3．A．Thousand B．Thousands C．Thousand of D．Thousands of 4．A．and B．but C．so D．because 5．A．either B．both C．neither D．none 6．A．Offer B．Offers C．Offering D．To offering 7．A．what B．which C．why D．when 8．A．also B．too C．either D．as well as 9．A．change B．changes C．to change D．changed 10．A．little B．less C．least D．the least 11．A．important B．importance C．importantly D．more importantly 12．A．on B．in C．at D．for 13．A．build B．is built C．was built D．are built 14．A．should B．can C．need D．must 15．A．ours B．our C．we D．us 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 （有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式。）。 China has many heroes in science. Nan Rendong is one of them who is well-known for his great 1 (achieve) in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), the largest radio telescope (无线电望远镜) in the world. Nan Rendong spent over twenty years 2 (work) on this project. At first, he had to go to many far-away places across the country. Without good paths, he had to walk for hours 3 (get) to proper spots. When he 4 (meet) bad weather, like heavy rain and strong winds, he never complained. He faced lots of problems, 5 he never stopped trying. His efforts and determination led to his success. Nan was undoubtedly a man of great 6 (intelligent) and responsibility (责任心). He always thought about the project first. When there was 7 problem, he was always the first to come and help. He actually devoted 8 (he) to his career. Even after his death, people still remember him and are proud 9 him. His story tells us that if we keep trying, we will solve any problem. He is 10 (real) a role model of our time. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Units 1~4 重难点及易错辨析 单元 知识点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1~4 1.重难点及核心短语搭配 2.易错辨析 语法选择、完形填空、语法填空、语篇填词等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考查与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 4.突出应用能力：突出对学生英语应用能力的考查，强调英语作为一种交流工具的实用性。 知识点 （一）含 die 的动词短语 短语 含义 例句 die out 灭绝；消失（无被动，不接宾语） Dinosaurs died out about 66 million years ago. die of/from 因…… 而死（疾病、创伤等） He died of/from a heart attack. die away 逐渐减弱；消失（声音、光线等） The sound of their laughter died away. die off 相继死去 The cancer cells die off. die down 逐渐平息；变弱（火焰、情绪等） The flames finally died down. （二）whole 与 all 易混词 用法 例句 whole 表 “全部的”，强调不可分割整体；结构 “限定词 + whole + 名词” She studied the whole morning. all 表 “全部”，强调整体由个体组成；位于限定词前 All my money was lost. （三）agree的短语和句型 搭配 含义 例句 agree with sb 同意某人的观点、意见或看法 I agree with you that we should start early.我同意你我们应该早点出发的看法。 agree about/on sth. 就…… 达成一致 We all agree on the plan for the trip.我们都就旅行计划达成了一致 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 He agreed to help me with my homework.他同意帮我做家庭作业。 agree that... 同意…… We agree that studying hard is important.我们同意努力学习是重要的。 （四）辨析die/ died/ dead/ death/ dying 单词 词性 核心含义 常用搭配/用法 例句 die 动词（原形） 死亡；熄灭（瞬间动作） die of/from（因…… 而死）；die out（灭绝）；die away（逐渐消失）等 Plants will die without water.植物没有水会死亡。 died 动词（过去式 / 过去分词） 死亡；熄灭（过去发生的动作） 用于一般过去时等时态 He died last year.他去年去世了。 dead 形容词 死的；无生命的；熄灭的（表状态） be dead（处于死亡的状态） The tree has been dead for a long time.这棵树已经死了很长时间了。 death 名词 死亡；死神；毁灭 the death of...（…… 的死亡） His death made us very sad.他的死亡让我们很伤心。 dying 1. 动词现在分词 / 动名词 2. 形容词 1. 正在死亡；渐渐熄灭（动作进行） 2. 垂死的；临终的；快要熄灭的（表状态） be dying（奄奄一息）；dying words（临终遗言） 1. The old man is dying.这位老人奄奄一息。 2. We should help the dying animals.我们应该帮助濒危动物。 （五）“花费” 相关动词（spend/cost/pay/take） 动词 主语 宾语类型 常用结构 例句 spend 人 时间 / 金钱 sb. spend(s) time/money on sth./(in) doing sth. She spends two hours on English homework every evening.她每天晚上花两小时做英语作业。 cost 物 金钱 sth.cost(s) (sb.) money This new mobile phone costs 3000 yuan.这部新手机价值 3000 元。 pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) money for sth. You need to pay 50 yuan for this magazine.你需要付 50 元买这本杂志。 take it / 物 时间 It takes sb. time to do sth./sth. takes time It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day.我每天步行去学校要花半小时。 （六）challenge的用法 单词形式 词性 核心含义 常用搭配/用法 例句 challenge 动词 1. 向（某人）挑战； 2. 质疑（权威、观点等） 1. 表 “挑战”：challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb. to do sth.向某人挑战做某事 2. 表 “质疑”：直接接宾语（如权威、理论等） 1.She challenged her brother to a chess match.她向哥哥挑战一场国际象棋比赛。 2. Some scientists challenged the old theory.一些科学家质疑这个古老的理论。 名词 挑战；艰巨任务 1. 常用搭配：a great challenge重大挑战、face a challenge面对挑战、meet a challenge应对挑战 2. 后接介词 “for”（对…… 而言的挑战） The new job is a great challenge for me.这份新工作对我来说是一项重大挑战。 （七）promise的用法 词性 常见搭配 例句 动词 promise sb. sth../promise sth.. to sb. He promised his son a present. promise to do sth.. My father promised to buy me a new computer. promise (sb.) that... You promised me that you’ll come to my party. 名词 make a promise（许诺）、keep/break a promise（守 / 违背诺言） She kept her promise to come back. （八）instead of、instead 辨析 易混词（组） 用法 例句 instead of 介词短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表 “代替”，含否定意味。 He decided to walk instead of taking a bus. She drank tea instead of coffee. instead 副词，单独使用，位于句首或句末，表 “反而”。 Let's fly instead. He didn't apologize. Instead, he argued with me. （九）take place 与 happen 易混词 用法 例句 take place 表 “发生”，指事先安排或计划的事件 The film festival will take place in October. happen 表 “发生”，指偶然事件 A car accident happened last night. （十）amount 与 number 短语 接词类型 主谓一致规则 例句 an amount of 仅接不可数名词（如 water, money, time） 谓语动词用单数，amount前通常用“small、large”修饰。 1. A large amount of electricity is used in summer.夏天会消耗大量电力。 2. She spent a large amount of energy on this project.她在这个项目上投入了大量精力。 the amount of 仅接不可数名词（如 rain, information, food） 谓语动词用单数，表 “…… 的数量”，侧重强调 “数量” 这一概念。 1. The amount of information on the Internet is growing rapidly.互联网上的信息量正在快速增长。 2. We need to reduce the amount of waste we produce.我们需要减少产生的垃圾数量。 a number of 仅接可数名词复数（如 students, cars, books） 谓语动词用复数 表 “若干；一些”，通常用“small、large”修饰number。 1. A number of trees were planted in the park last spring.去年春天公园里种了一些树。 2. He received a number of letters from his fans.他收到了粉丝寄来的若干封信。 the number of 仅接可数名词复数（如 people, houses, computers） 谓语动词用单数 表 “…… 的数量”，侧重强调 “数量” 这一概念，常与 “具体数字、增减趋势” 搭配 1. The number of people living in this city has reached 5 million.居住在这座城市的人数已达 500 万。 2. The number of new apps released each month is decreasing.每月发布的新应用数量在减少。 （十一）because 与 because of 词汇 词性 后接成分 例句 because 连词 接完整从句 She stayed at home because she felt tired.她待在家里，因为她觉得累了。 because of 介词短语 接名词、代词、动名词 We canceled the picnic because of the heavy rain. 我们取消了野餐，因为这场大雨。 （十二）for example/ for instance与 such as 易混短语 用法 例句 for example/ for instance 举例说明，用逗号隔开，可位于句首 / 中 / 末 Many ball games, for example football, are popular. such as 列举同类事物，后接名词 / 代词，无逗号 I like fruits such as apples and bananas. （十三）run out 与 run out of 易混词组 用法 例句 run out 不及物，主语为物，表 “被用完” The oil has run out. 石油已经耗尽了。 run out of 及物，主语为人，表 “用完某物” We ran out of the energy. 我们耗尽了能量。 （十四）invent/discover/create 动词 含义 例句 invent 发明（原本不存在的事物） Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。 discover 发现（原本存在但未知的事物） Columbus discovered America.哥伦布发现了美洲。 create 创造（精神产物或新事物） The writer created an interesting story.作者写了一个有趣的故事。 （十五）although 与 though 词汇 共同点 不同点 although 均表 “虽然”，引导让步状语从句，不与 but 连用，但能跟yet，still 一起用。 Although/ Though he is young, yet he has rich work experience.虽然他很年轻，但他有丰富的工作经验。 较正式，无副词用法 though 较口语化，可作副词表 “然而”，位于句末。 做连词时，though可用于倒装句。 He said he would come; he didn’t, though.他说他会来，然而他没来。 2.Tired though she was, she kept working.虽然她很累，但她仍在继续工作。 （十六）notice 的用法 常见搭配 含义 例句 notice sb. do sth.. 注意到某人做某事（全过程） I noticed her go into the church. notice sb. doing sth.. 注意到某人正在做某事（动作进行中） I didn't notice him leaving. notice (that) 从句 注意到…… I noticed that her hands were shaking. （十七）there be 句型与 have/has 类别 含义 用法特点 例句 there be 表示 “存在” 遵循 “就近原则”，强调客观存在 There is a pen and two books on the desk. have/has 表示 “所属关系” 主语为人或有生命的物体 I have a car. （十八）farther 与 further 易混词 用法 例句 farther 表 “更远的”，侧重物理距离 She lives farther from school. further 表 “更远的”（物理 / 抽象）；“更进一步的” I need further information./He walked further. （十九）warn的用法 搭配 含义 例句 warn sb (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事 The teacher warned us not to copy others' homework.老师警告我们不要抄别人的作业。 warn sb about sth. 就某事提醒 / 警告某人 My mother always warns me about the danger of crossing the road carelessly.妈妈总是提醒我过马路粗心大意有危险。 warn sb of sth. 向某人警示某事（多为潜在风险、危险等） The sign warns passengers of the possible delay of the train.这个标识向乘客警示火车可能会晚点。 warn sb against (doing) sth. 告诫某人不要做某事；提醒某人防范某事 The doctor warned him against eating too much sugar.医生告诫他不要吃太多糖。 warn that... 警告 / 警示……（后接从句说明具体情况） The weather report warned that a strong storm would hit the area tonight.天气预报警示今晚有强风暴会袭击该地区。 （二十）so...that/ so that 结构 含义 句型结构 例句 so ... that ... 如此…… 以至于…… 主语 + be 动词 + so + 形容词 + that + 结果从句 主语 + 动词 + so + 副词 + that + 结果从句 The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.这部电影太无聊了，以至于我睡着了。He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得如此快以至于我追不上他。 so that=in order that 为了……，以便…… 引导目的状语从句，强调前句的动作是为了实现从句的结果 Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.=Speak louder in order that everyone can hear you.说大声点，以便每个人都能听见。 （二十一）answer/ reply 单词 核心用法（作动词） 是否及物 常用搭配 例句 reply 侧重 “针对性回应”，如回应话语、邮件、消息等，动作更强调 “回应” 本身 不及物动词（后接宾语必须加介词 to） 1. reply to sb.（回应某人） 2. reply to sth.（回应某事，如 email/message）3. reply that...（回应说……） 1. She replied to my message quickly.（她很快回复了我的消息。） 2. He replied that he couldn’t come.（他回应说他来不了。） answer 侧重 “宽泛答复或应对”，可表示回答问题、接听电话、回应请求等，含 “解决、应对” 的含义 多作及物动词（可直接接宾语） 1. answer sth.（直接接宾语，如 question/phone/letter）2. answer to sb.（特殊搭配，表 “对某人负责”） 3. answer for sth.（特殊搭配，表 “为某事负责”） 1. Can you answer this question?（你能回答这个问题吗？）2. Dad answered the phone just now.（爸爸刚才接了电话。） （二十二）message/ news/ information 单词 含义 可数性 常用搭配 例句 message 侧重 “特定的信息、消息”，多为个人间传递的口头或书面内容，常含明确意图 可数名词（复数：messages） 1. send a message发消息 2. leave a message留口信 3. take a message捎口信 1. She sent me a message about the meeting.她给我发了一条关于会议的消息。 2. Can you take a message for me?你能帮我捎个口信吗？ news 侧重 “新闻、消息”，指近期发生的、公开的重要事件或信息，多为客观报道 不可数名词（无复数，表 “一则新闻” 用 a piece of news） 1. read the news看新闻 2. hear the news听到消息 3. breaking news突发新闻 1. Did you hear the news about the new school?你听说关于新学校的消息了吗？ 2. There’s a piece of good news for you.有一则好消息要告诉你。 information 侧重 “泛指的信息、资料”，指通过各种途径获取的、用于参考或帮助的内容 不可数名词（无复数） 1. collect information收集信息 2. provide information提供资料 3. useful information有用的信息 1. He needs more information about the job.他需要更多关于这份工作的信息。 2. The website provides useful information for students.这个网站为学生提供有用的资料。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1. He didn’t go to work ______ he was seriously ill, not ______ the bad weather. A. because; because of B. because of; because C. because; because D. because of; because of 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 “he was seriously ill” 是完整从句，用 “because”；B 选项 “because of” 后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接从句，排除；D 选项 “because of” 排除；第二空 “the bad weather” 是名词短语，用 “because of”；C 选项 “because” 后接从句，排除。故选 A。 2. —Can you give me some examples of healthy foods? —Sure. There are many, ______ fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A. for example B. such as C. likes D. as 【答案】B 【详解】A 选项 “for example” 后需逗号，本题空后无逗号，排除；B 选项 “such as” 后接名词 / 代词，无逗号，表 “列举同类事物”，符合 “列举健康食物” 的语境；C 选项 “like” 作介词时不能加“s”。D 选项 “as” 表 “例如” 时需 “such as” 或 “as...as” 结构，单独用 “as” 错误。故选 B。 3. Many old traditions ______ because young people are not interested in them anymore. A. die of B. die out C. die down D. die off 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查含 die 的动词短语辨析。A 选项 “die of” 表示 “因…… 而死”，后接疾病、情感等；B 选项 “die out” 表示 “灭绝；消失”，符合 “古老传统因年轻人不感兴趣而消失” 的语境；C 选项 “die down” 表示 “逐渐平息；变弱”，多形容火焰、情绪等；D 选项 “die off” 表示 “相继死去”，多形容生物群体。根据句意，应选 B。 4. My parents don’t ______ me to go out alone at night. A. agree with B. agree on C. agree to D. agree that 【答案】A 【详解】A 选项 “agree with” 后接 “sb.”，表示 “同意某人的观点”；符合本题考点；B 选项 “agree on” 后接 “sth.”，表示 “就某事达成一致”；C 选项 “agree to do sth.” 表示 “同意做某事”，D 选项 “agree that” 后接从句，本题无从句。故选 A。 5.His grandfather ______ three years ago, and he still misses him very much. A. die B. died C. dead D. death 【答案】B 【详解】本题空缺谓语动词，“three years ago”（三年前）表示过去时间，需用一般过去时。A 选项 “die” 是动词原形，用于一般现在时；B 选项 “died” 是动词过去式，符合一般过去时；C 选项 “dead” 是形容词，不能作谓语；D 选项 “death” 是名词，不能作谓语。故选 B。 6.It usually ______ her 20 minutes to walk to school every morning. A. spends B. costs C. pays D. takes 【答案】D 【详解】A 选项 “spends” 主语是人，结构为 “sb. spends time on sth./doing sth.”，本题主语是 “it”，排除；B 选项 “costs” 主语是物，后接 “金钱”，本题后接 “20 minutes”（时间），排除；C 选项 “pays” 主语是人，后接 “金钱”，结构为 “sb. pays money for sth.”，排除；D 选项 “takes” 主语是 “it” 或物，后接 “时间”，结构为 “It takes sb. time to do sth.”，符合本题语境。故选 D。 7. My mother promised ______ a new storybook for me if I passed the English test.​ A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buys​ 【答案】A​ 【详解】本题核心考点为 “promise + 不定式”，需明确 “promise” 后接不定式的固定规则。A 选项 “to buy” 是不定式，“promised to buy”（承诺买）符合 “promise to do” 的结构，且与 “通过英语考试” 的条件语境匹配；B 选项 “buying” 是动名词，不符合 “promise” 的搭配习惯，排除；C 选项 “bought” 是过去式，不能用于 “promised” 后表 “承诺的动作”，排除；D 选项 “buys” 是三单形式，无法与 “promised” 构成正确语法结构，排除。故选 A。 8. I decided to stay at home and watch TV ______ going out with my friends. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because 【答案】B 【详解】A 选项 “instead” 是副词，单独使用，不接宾语，本题空后有 “going out”（动名词），排除；B 选项 “instead of” 是介词短语，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表 “代替”，“instead of going out”（代替出去）符合语境；C 选项 “because of” 表 “因为”，不符合 “决定在家看电视而非出去” 的语境；D 选项 “because” 是连词，后接从句，本题无从句，排除。故选 B。 9. The school sports meeting will ______ next Friday. We are all preparing for it. A. take place B. happen C. took place D. happened 【答案】A 【详解】本题时间状语是 “next Friday”（下周五），用一般将来时，“will” 后接动词原形，排除 C、D；A 选项 “take place” 表示 “有计划、有安排地发生”，运动会是提前安排的活动，符合语境；B 选项 “happen” 表示 “偶然发生”，不符合运动会的计划性，排除。故选 A。 10.______ money was spent on this new project, but the result was not good. A. A large amount of B. A large number of C. The amount of D. The number of 【答案】A 【详解】“money” 是不可数名词，排除 B、D（“a number of”“the number of” 后接可数名词复数）；A 选项 “a large amount of” 后接不可数名词，表 “大量的”，符合 “在新项目上花了很多钱” 的语境；C 选项 “the amount of” 后接不可数名词，表 “…… 的数量”，不符合 “大量” 的含义，排除。故选 A。 11. I like many kinds of fruits, ______ apples, bananas and oranges. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D.as 【答案】C 【详解】A 选项 “for example”“for instance” 表 “举例说明”，后需用逗号隔开，且通常举一个例子；C 选项 “such as” 表 “列举同类事物”，后接名词 / 代词，无逗号，本题列举了 “apples, bananas and oranges” 三种水果，符合 “such as” 的用法；D 选项 as” 表 “作为”，不符合语境，排除。故选 C。 12.Our water ______ yesterday. We had to buy some from the supermarket. A. run out B. ran out C. run out of D. ran out of 【答案】B 【详解】本题时间状语是 “yesterday”（昨天），用一般过去时，排除 A、C；A 选项 “run out” 是不及物短语，主语是物，表 “被用完”，“our water” 是物，“ran out”（run out 的过去式）符合 “水被用完” 的语境；D 选项 “ran out of” 是及物短语，主语是人，后需接宾语，本题无宾语，排除。故选 B。 13.Edison ______ the light bulb, which changed people’s life a lot. A. invented B. discovered C. created D. found out 【答案】A 【详解】A 选项 “invented”（invent 的过去式）表 “发明原本不存在的事物”，灯泡是原本没有的，符合语境；B 选项 “discovered”（discover 的过去式）表 “发现原本存在但未知的事物”，不符合灯泡的属性；C 选项 “created”（create 的过去式）表 “创造精神产物或新事物”，更侧重 “创作、创造”，不如 “invent” 贴合 “发明发明物” 的语境；D 选项 “found out”（查明）指 “通过调查、研究弄清楚未知的事实或真相”（如查明真相、查明原因），与 “制作灯泡” 的语义无关，排除。故选 A。 14. ______ he is very young, he knows a lot about history. A. Although B. Because C. So D. But 【答案】A 【详解】A 选项 “although” 表 “虽然”，引导让步状语从句，“虽然年轻，但懂很多历史” 符合逻辑；B 选项 “because” 表 “因为”，C 选项 “so” 表 “所以”，均不符合让步关系；D 选项 “but” 表 “但是”，“although” 与 “but” 不能同时使用，排除。故选 A。 15. ______ a book and two pens on the desk. You can use them if you need. A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has 【答案】A 【详解】本题表示 “桌上有书和笔”，是客观存在，用 “there be” 句型，排除 C、D（“have/has” 表所属关系）；“there be” 句型遵循 “就近原则”，靠近 be 动词的 “a book” 是单数，故用 “there is”。故选 A。 提升突破（测试时间：15分钟） 1．I hear that ______ an English contest in our school next week. A．there is B．there are C．there will have D．there will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我听说下周我们学校将举行英语竞赛。根据时间词组next week可知，本句使用there be句型的一般将来时:there will be。故选D。 2.______ the students in our grade took part in the sports meeting, and ______ them finished the 800-meter race. A. All; whole B. Whole; all C. All; all of D. Whole; all of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们年级所有的学生都参加了运动会，而且他们所有人都完成了 800 米赛跑。“all” 可修饰复数名词 “the students”，“all the students”（所有学生）符合用法；“whole” 不能直接修饰复数名词，排除 B、D；第二空后 “them” 是代词，需用 “all of them”（他们中的所有人），“whole” 无法修饰代词，排除 A。故选 C。 3.—I think students should be allowed to use dictionaries in English exams. —I ______ you. It helps them understand new words and avoid silly mistakes. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 我认为应该允许学生在英语考试中使用词典。—— 我同意你的看法。A 选项 “agree with” 后接 “人或观点”，符合语境；B 选项 “agree to” 后接 “提议”，本题不是 “接受提议”，排除；C 选项 “agree on” 需 “双方就某事达成一致”，本题是个人对观点的认同，排除；D 选项 “agree about” 用法不常用，且侧重 “就某事有相同看法”，不如 “agree with” 贴合 “认同某人观点” 的语境。故选 A。 4.It ______ the workers three years to build the high-speed railway between the two cities, and it ______ them a lot of money. A. took; cost B. spent; cost C. took; spent D. cost; took 【答案】A 【详解】句意：工人们花了三年时间修建两座城市之间的高速铁路，而且这条铁路花了他们很多钱。第一空 “it” 作主语，表 “花费时间” 用 “took”，“It takes sb. time to do sth.” 是固定句型；第二空 “it” 指代 “high-speed railway”（物），表 “花费金钱” 用 “cost”。B 选项 “spent” 主语是人，第一空主语是 “it”，排除；C 选项 “spent” 第二空主语是 “it”（物），排除；D 选项 “cost” 第一空表 “花费时间”，用法错误，排除。故选 A。 5.He chose to walk to work ______ driving his car, because he wanted to reduce carbon emissions. A. instead of B. instead C. because of D. because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他选择步行去上班，而不是开车，因为他想减少碳排放。A 选项 “instead of” 后接动名词 “driving”，表 “代替开车”，符合语境；B 选项 “instead” 是副词，不接宾语，排除；C 选项 “because of” 表 “因为”，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，但本题是 “选择步行而非开车”，不是因果关系，排除；D 选项 “because” 是连词，后接从句，本题无从句，排除。故选 A。 6.A big earthquake ______ in Sichuan in 2008, and it caused great damage. While the World Expo ______ in Shanghai in 2010, which attracted millions of visitors. A. happened; took place B. took place; happened C. happened; happened D. took place; took place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：2008 年四川发生了一场大地震，造成了巨大损失；而 2010 年上海举办了世博会，吸引了数百万游客。第一空 “earthquake”（地震）是偶然发生的事件，用 “happened”；B 选项 “took place” 表 “有计划发生”，排除；第二空 “the World Expo”（世博会）是提前计划的活动，用 “took place”；C 选项 “happened” 表 “偶然发生”，排除；D 选项 “took place” 第一空用法错误，排除。故选 A。 7.______ people attended the concert last night, and ______ money was raised for the poor children. A. A number of; a large amount of B. The number of; a large amount of C. A number of; the amount of D. The number of; the number of 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 “people” 是可数名词复数，“A number of”（许多）后接可数名词复数，表 “昨晚许多人参加音乐会”，符合语境；“The number of”（…… 的数量）表 “数量”，不符合 “许多人” 的含义，排除 B、D；第二空 “money” 是不可数名词，“a large amount of”（大量的）后接不可数名词，表 “筹集了大量钱”，符合语境；“the amount of”（…… 的数量）表 “数量”，不符合 “大量” 的含义，排除 C。故选 A。 8．—Did you notice Mr. Li ________ in his office? —Yes, he was going over our homework. A．work B．working C．works D．to work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你注意到Mr. Li在他的办公室工作吗？——是的，他正在检查我们的作业。 考查动词的形式。根据答语“he was going over our homework.”可知本句需用现在分词描述动作的进行状态。“notice+宾语+现在分词”结构中，使用现在分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作。故选B。 9.We ______ all our paper, so we need to buy some more. And when the paper _____, please remember to tell me. A. ran out of; runs out B. ran out; runs out of C. ran out of; runs out of D. ran out; runs out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们已经用完了所有的纸，所以需要再买一些。当纸用完的时候，请记得告诉我。A 选项第一空 “ran out of” 是及物动词短语，主语 “We（人）” 为动作发出者，后接宾语 “all our paper”，符合 “人主动用完某物” 的用法；第二空 “runs out” 是不及物动词短语，主语 “the paper（物）” 为被耗尽的事物，后无宾语，且 “when” 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，语法和语义均正确。 B 选项第一空 “ran out” 是不及物短语，后不能接宾语 “all our paper”；第二空 “runs out of” 是及物短语，后无宾语，两处均错误，排除。C 选项第二空 “runs out of” 是及物短语，主语 “the paper” 后无宾语，语法错误，排除。D 选项第一空 “ran out” 是不及物短语，后不能接宾语 “all our paper”，语法错误，排除。 故选 A。 10. Due to long-term habitat loss and food shortage, the small animal species in this area finally ______completely. A. died off B. died out C. died down D. died of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于长期的栖息地丧失和食物短缺，该区域的小型动物物种最终完全消失。本题考查含 die 的动词短语辨析。A 选项 “died off” 表 “（群体中个体）相继死去”，不涉及物种消失，排除；B 选项 “died out” 指 “物种灭绝、彻底消失”，题干中 “long-term habitat loss and food shortage（长期栖息地丧失与食物短缺）” 是导致物种灭绝的典型原因，且明确提及 “the small animal species（小型动物物种）”，符合 “died out” 的核心用法；C 选项 “died down” 侧重 “（火焰、情绪等）逐渐平息”，与 “物种” 无关，排除；D 选项 “died of” 后需接具体死因（如疾病、饥饿等名词），本题空后无相关内容，排除。故选 B。 11.Learning a foreign language well is a big ______ for many students, but they still keep trying.​ A. challenge B. promise C. schedule D. chance​ 【答案】A​ 【详解】句意：学好一门外语对许多学生来说是一项重大的挑战，但他们仍然在坚持努力。本题空缺名词作 “is” 的表语，需结合 “学好外语对学生而言的属性” 选择合适名词。A 选项 “challenge”（挑战）符合 “学好外语有难度，但学生仍坚持尝试” 的语境，“a big challenge”（一项重大的挑战）搭配正确；B 选项 “promise”（承诺）指 “对某事的保证”，与 “学好外语” 的 “难度属性” 无关，排除；C 选项 “schedule”（日程表）指 “安排好的时间计划”，无法描述 “学好外语” 的本质特征，排除；D 选项 “chance”（机会）侧重 “可尝试的可能性”，而句中强调 “学习过程中的难度”，并非 “获得机会”，排除。故选 A。 12.We need to make ______ research to find out the cause of this problem. A. farther B. further C. far D. farthest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要做更进一步的研究来找出这个问题的原因。本题需填形容词修饰 “research”（研究），“research” 是抽象概念；A 选项 “farther” 侧重物理距离，不符合 “研究” 的抽象语境；B 选项 “further” 表 “更进一步的”，可修饰抽象名词，“further research”（进一步的研究）符合语境；C 选项 “far” 是原级，不符合 “需要更深入研究” 的含义；D 选项 “farthest” 是最高级，无比较范围，排除。故选 B。 13. The teacher warned us ______ football in the street. It’s very dangerous.​ A. not to play B. to not play C. not playing D. to play not​ 【答案】A​ 【详解】句意：老师警告我们不要在马路上踢足球，那非常危险。本题核心考查 “不定式否定形式” 及 “warn sb. (not) to do sth.” 的固定搭配。不定式的否定结构需将 “not” 置于 “to” 之前，即 “not to do”，不可出现 “to not do”“to do not” 等错误语序，也不可接动名词。故选 A。 14.The movie was ______ boring ______ I fell asleep halfway. A. so; that B. so that C. too; to D. such; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影太无聊了，以至于我中途睡着了。A 选项 “so; that” 表 “如此…… 以至于……”，“so + 形容词 + that 从句”，“so boring that I fell asleep”（如此无聊以至于我中途睡着了）符合结构；B 选项 “so that” 表 “为了”，不符合 “无聊导致睡着” 的结果关系；C 选项 “too; to” 表 “太…… 而不能……”，“too boring to fall asleep”（太无聊而不能睡着）与句意相反，排除；D 选项 “such; that” 表 “如此…… 以至于……”，“such + 名词 + that 从句”，“boring” 是形容词，排除。故选 A。 15．Gilbert ________ electricity and Edison ________ the practical electric bulb. A．discovered; invented B．discovered; discovered C．invented; invented D．invented; discovered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了实用的电灯泡。 考查动词辨析。discover发现（原本就存在的东西）；invent发明（原本不存在的东西）。根据“electricity”可知电本身就存在，故第一个空用discover；根据“the practical electric bulb”可知电灯泡是原本不存在的东西，用invent。故选A。 拓展题（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 There are many wetlands (湿地) in China. And 1 of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. There 2 many different kinds of animals living there as home. The world’s largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. 3 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) in the world, 4 every winter you can see some in the Red-Crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands. The temperature in the wetlands is usually 5 too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. There are really good places for wildlife. 6 food or home to some special kinds of animals is not the only reason 7 we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they can 8 prevent (阻止) floods. But some people insist that they want 9 the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means that there will be 10 space for wildlife. Luckily, more and more people begin to realize the 11 of wetlands and wildlife at the moment. Every year 12 February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands. More and more wetland parks 13 around the world. They 14 not only protect some endangered animals, but also provide some good places for us to travel. Do you think it’s necessary for 15 to protect the wetlands? 1．A．little B．much C．any D．some 2．A．is B．are C．was D．were 3．A．Thousand B．Thousands C．Thousand of D．Thousands of 4．A．and B．but C．so D．because 5．A．either B．both C．neither D．none 6．A．Offer B．Offers C．Offering D．To offering 7．A．what B．which C．why D．when 8．A．also B．too C．either D．as well as 9．A．change B．changes C．to change D．changed 10．A．little B．less C．least D．the least 11．A．important B．importance C．importantly D．more importantly 12．A．on B．in C．at D．for 13．A．build B．is built C．was built D．are built 14．A．should B．can C．need D．must 15．A．ours B．our C．we D．us 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国湿地的重要性、现状及保护措施。 1．句意：中国有许多湿地，其中一些已成为世界重要湿地。 little几乎没有；much许多（修饰不可数名词）；any任何；some一些。根据“many wetlands (湿地)”和“world’s important wetlands”可知，此处表示“一些湿地”，故选D。 2．句意：那里有许多不同种类的动物以湿地为家。 is是（主语是第三人称单数）；are是（主语是复数或you）；was是（过去式单数）；were是（过去式复数）。主语“many different kinds of animals”是复数，且为一般现在时，故选B。 3．句意：成千上万的麋鹿在那里自由生活。 Thousand千（单数）；Thousands千（复数）；Thousand of错误搭配；Thousands of成千上万的。固定搭配“Thousands of”表示泛指的数量，故选D。 4．句意：世界上丹顶鹤不多，但每年冬天你都能在黄海湿地看到一些。 and和；but但是；so所以；because因为。前后句为转折关系，应用but连接，故选B。 5．句意：湿地的温度通常既不太高也不太低。 either两者之一；both两者都；neither两者都不；none没有。此处是固定搭配“neither…nor…”，表示“既不……也不……”，故选C。 6．句意：为某些特殊动物提供食物或家园并不是我们需要保护湿地的唯一原因。 Offer提供（动词原形）；Offers提供（动词三单）；Offering提供（动名词）；To offering错误搭配。此处是作主语，需要用动名词形式，故选C。 7．句意：为某些特殊动物提供食物或家园并不是我们需要保护湿地的唯一原因。 what什么；which哪个；why为什么；when何时。此处是定语从句，先行词是reason，连接词需要用why，表示“原因”。故选C。 8．句意：湿地很重要，因为它们还能防止洪水。 also也（肯定句句中）；too也（肯定句句末）；either也（否定句句末）；as well as和。空格位于句中，表示“还能”，应用副词also，故选A。 9．句意：但有些人坚持想要改变湿地，为农田和建筑腾出更多空间。 change改变（动词原形）；changes改变（动词三单）；to change改变（动词不定式）；changed改变（动词过去式）。“want to do”为固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，故选C。 10．句意：这意味着野生动物的空间将更少。 little几乎没有（原级）；less更少（比较级）；least最少（最高级）；the least最少（最高级）。此处是与前句“more space”对应，表示“更少空间”，用less，故选B。 11．句意：幸运的是，目前越来越多的人开始意识到湿地和野生动物的重要性。 important重要的；importance重要性；importantly重要地；more importantly更重要地。“the…of”之间需要填名词，故选B。 12．句意：每年2月2日，都会举办许多活动来宣传湿地。 on用于具体日期；in用于年/月/季节；at用于时刻；for用于时间段。“February 2nd”是具体日期，用介词on，故选A。 13．句意：全球越来越多的湿地公园被建立。 build建造（动词原形）；is built被建造（一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数）；was built被建造（一般过去时的被动语态）；are built被建造（一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数）。主语“wetland parks”是复数，和动词build之间是被动关系，时态是一般现在时，D选项符合。故选D。 14．句意：它们不仅能保护濒危动物，还能为我们提供旅游的好地方。 should应该；can能够；need需要；must必须。根据“not only protect some endangered animals, but also provide some good places for us to travel. ”可知，湿地公园不仅能保护濒危动物，还能为我们提供旅游的好地方，所以用can。故选B。 15．句意：你认为我们有必要保护湿地吗？ ours我们的（名词性物主代词）；our我们的（形容词性物主代词）；we我们（主格）；us我们（宾格）。“for”后接宾格作宾语，故选D。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 （有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式。）。 China has many heroes in science. Nan Rendong is one of them who is well-known for his great 1 (achieve) in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), the largest radio telescope (无线电望远镜) in the world. Nan Rendong spent over twenty years 2 (work) on this project. At first, he had to go to many far-away places across the country. Without good paths, he had to walk for hours 3 (get) to proper spots. When he 4 (meet) bad weather, like heavy rain and strong winds, he never complained. He faced lots of problems, 5 he never stopped trying. His efforts and determination led to his success. Nan was undoubtedly a man of great 6 (intelligent) and responsibility (责任心). He always thought about the project first. When there was 7 problem, he was always the first to come and help. He actually devoted 8 (he) to his career. Even after his death, people still remember him and are proud 9 him. His story tells us that if we keep trying, we will solve any problem. He is 10 (real) a role model of our time. 【答案】 1．achievement/achievements 2．working 3．to get 4．met 5．but 6．intelligence 7．a 8．himself 9．of 10．really 【导语】本文讲述了中国科学家南仁东的生平事迹。 1．句意：南仁东就是他们其中之一，他以在建造世界上最大的射电望远镜——500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）方面的伟大成就而闻名。根据“is well-known for his great...in building the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)”以及所给单词可知，此处表示他的伟大成就。achievement“成就”，可用单数形式achievement，也可用复数形式achievements。故填achievement/achievements。 2．句意：南仁东在这个项目上花了二十多年的时间。spend time (in) doing sth“花费时间做某事”。故填working。 3．句意：没有好的道路，他不得不走几个小时来到达合适的地方。根据“he had to walk for hours...to proper spots.”以及所给单词可知，应填get的动词不定式形式to get，做目的状语。故填to get。 4．句意：当他遇到大雨和强风等恶劣天气时，他从不抱怨。根据主句中的“complained”可知，从句时态也为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式met。故填met。 5．句意：他面临着很多问题，但他从未停止过努力。根据“He faced lots of problems”和“he never stopped trying”可知，两者之间是转折关系，用连词but“但是”连接。故填but。 6．句意：毫无疑问，南是一个非常有智慧和责任心的人。根据“a man of great...and responsibility (责任心).”以及所给单词可知，应填intelligent的名词形式intelligence“智力、智慧”，和后面的responsibility并列。故填intelligence。 7．句意：当有问题时，他总是第一个来帮忙的。根据“When there was...problem, he was always the first to come and help.”可知，应填一个不定冠词，泛指一个问题，problem以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。 8．句意：他实际上全身心投入到了他的事业中。根据“He actually devoted...to his career.”以及所给单词可知，应填he的反身代词形式himself“他自己”，作宾语。devote oneself to“致力于、全身心投入”。故填himself。 9．句意：即使在他去世后，人们仍然记得他，并为他感到骄傲。be proud of“为……感到骄傲”。故填of。 10．句意：他真的是我们这个时代的榜样。根据“He is...a role model of our time.”以及所给单词可知，应填real的副词形式really“真正地”，作状语。故填really。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $