考前押题05 词汇填空题（期中专项训练）高二英语上学期上海通用

专题05 选词填空题 话题1 语言与文化现象 话题4 社会消费与商业现象 话题2 人工智能与科技应用 话题5 健康与生活方式 话题3 科学研究与动物智能 话题6 社会公益与文化传承 话题 1 语言与文化现象 聚焦语言使用中的问题、语言与文化的关联以及语言在不同场景下的体现，探讨语言演变、文化对语言的影响等。 P1：《The Problem of Totally Epic Language Inflation》：论述语言膨胀现象，即 “epic”“brilliant” 等流行词汇的含义被弱化，数字表达也存在过度夸张的情况，导致语言意义贬值，还提及不同时代对词汇意义的影响及语言与精神文化的关联。 P2：讲述学习并非人类所独有，新的技术环境要求我们以多种方式改变我们的教育方式。 P3：《Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed...》：引用培根《论研究》中的观点，探讨书籍阅读方式与知识获取的关系，分析培根与蒙田散文风格的差异，展现语言在文学创作、知识传递中的作用，涉及英语散文发展的文化背景。 P4:《Would legal doping change the Olympics?》：虽主要讨论兴奋剂与奥运会，但文中涉及对 “doping（兴奋剂）” 相关概念的界定、不同观点的表达，以及体育文化中对公平、规则的语言表述，从侧面反映语言在体育文化领域的应用。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ease  B．fitting  C． force  D．modest  E. precisely  F. primarily G. robbed  H. awesome  I. encounter  J. starving  K. warned The Problem of Totally Epic Language Inflation Stan Carey recently wrote a short blog about language inflation, which ultimately creates devaluation in meaning. Today, popular expressions like epic and brilliant are used to express a more 1 meaning than their traditional uses. Brilliant actually means clever, and epic actually means surprising. Such is our desire to elevate words with power and importance, that we use hyperbole (夸张) to draw attention. The same tendency can be seen in numbers as well. Once giving 110% became cliché, people started insisting that they give 210%, 310%, and on and on. To create even more 2 behind the phrase, people will also throw in a literally. I literally gave 210%. This is no new trend. My generation destroyed words like awesome and totally. My parents and grandparents 3 of meaning words like incredible, wonderful, and fantastic. Irish novelist C． S. Lewis expressed concern over language inflation: “Don’t say infinitely when you mean very; otherwise, you’ll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite.” And this is 4 where we find ourselves right now. We have no words 5 when we want to say that something truly is awe-inspiring. This can also make it all the more difficult for modern readers to connect with older books. Particularly, it can cheapen our understanding of the Scriptures (圣经). As a child of the 80s, I was never at 6 calling God awesome, because as far as I knew, it meant something much less great. If my sunglasses are totally awesome, I need some other word for God! Our souls are 7 in the current culture. We neglect the spiritual aspects of our own existence more and more. It makes sense that the language would reflect that as well. Caring 8 for our physical needs, we run across fewer moments that inspire us with true awe. Those emotions would require a(n) 9 with the significant and the time to contemplate (沉思) it. But who’s got the time or the desire for that? We’ll settle for (将就) pretty good experiences and call them totally 10 . 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．B 6．A 7．J 8．F 9．I 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了当今的语言膨胀问题。 1．考查形容词。句意：今天，像史诗和辉煌这样的流行表达被用来表达比它们传统用法更谦虚的意思。根据句意和空格后的名词meaning可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰空格后的名词，且意义为“适度的；谦虚的”，所以，形容词modest填入空格处，符合语境。故选D项。 2．考查名词。句意：为了在这个短语背后制造更大的力量，人们还会加上一个字面上的。根据句意和空格前的动词create可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作宾语，且意义为“力量”，所以名词force填入空格处，符合语境。故选C项。 3．考查动词。句意：我的父母和祖父母剥夺了像不可思议、美妙和奇妙这样的词的含义。空格处应该填入一个动词作谓语，且意义为“剥夺”，所以，动词robbed填入空格处，符合语境。故选G项。 4．考查副词。句意：而这正是我们现在的处境。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，且意义为“正是；恰好地”，所以，副词precisely填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 5．考查形容词。句意：当我们想说一些真正令人敬畏的东西时，我们没有合适的词语。根据句意和空格前的名词words可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词words，且意义为“适合的；恰当的”，所以形容词fitting填入空格处，符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查名词。句意：作为一个80年代的孩子，我从来不会轻易地称上帝为“awesome”，因为据我所知，它的意思远没有那么伟大。根据句意和空格前的at可知，此处考查固定短语at ease“放松，轻松”。故选A项。 7．考查动词。句意：在当前的文化中，我们的灵魂正在挨饿。根据句意和空格前的are可知，空格处应该填入一个动词的现在分词形式，构成现在进行时，且意义为“挨饿”，starving填入空格处，符合语境。故选J项。 8．考查副词。句意：我们主要关心我们的身体需求，很少遇到让我们真正敬畏的时刻。根据句意和空格前的动词caring可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，修饰动词caring，且意义为“主要地，首要地，根本地”，副词primarily填入空格处，符合语境。故选F项。 9．考查名词。句意：这些情感需要与有意义的事物相遇，需要花时间去思考。根据句意和空格前的require a(n)可知，空格处应该填入一个单数名词作宾语，且意义为“相遇”，名词encounter填入空格处，符合语境。故选I项。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们会满足于非常好的体验，称它们非常棒。根据句意和空格前的call them可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作宾语补足语，且意义为“令人敬畏的；非常棒的”，形容词awesome填入空格处，符合语境。故选H项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in the blank with a proper word chosen from the box: Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dating        B．critically      C． covers      D．practically      E.  consists     AB．sinking  AC． physically   AD．deliver       AE. stick     BC． adapt          BD．approach Learning is not unique to humans. Scientists have observed many different animals teaching their young skills like how to find food and keep themselves safe. Among humans, educational practices can be traced back 1 as far as human life goes. Evidence of teaching and learning has been found from remnants of human life 2 back thousands of years BCE — and that’s just where we’ve found written evidence. Oral and practical education (for example, early humans 3 teaching their children to hunt for food) likely go back even further. Learning has continued all over the world throughout the history of human life, in more ways than we have time to write about here. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which refers to the rapid rise of new technologies, will have a massive impact on how we as a global society will 4 education in the future. Life in this new technological landscape demands that we change our 5 to education in a number of ways. To face a future of constant technological change, we’ll need to 6 to continuous learning as a new norm. In his book Future Shock, US writer and businessperson Alvin Toffler wrote that “the illiterate of the 21st Century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn and relearn.” The future of education 7 in integrating continuous learning into our everyday personal and professional lives even more than we already do. This might be why the Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra has proposed that compulsory, publicly funded education 8 not just elementary school — as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights puts forward — but continuous learning, too. Sitra cites US American biologist E. O. Wilson, who said “We are 9 in information, but we long for wisdom. Therefore, the world will be led by those who are able to collect the correct information at precisely the right moment while thinking 10 and making important decisions wisely.” 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．AC 4．AD 5．BD 6．BC 7．E 8．C 9．AB 10．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述学习并非人类所独有，新的技术环境要求我们以多种方式改变我们的教育方式。 1．考查副词。句意：在人类中，教育实践几乎可以追溯到有人类的生活开始。空处用副词作状语修饰be traced，根据句意，表示“几乎”应该用practically，故选D。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：从可追溯到公元前数千年的人类生活遗迹中发现了教与学的证据，而这正是我们发现书面证据的地方。这里指人类生活遗迹的时间可以追溯到公元前数千年，需要非谓语动词dating，意为“追溯到”，作后置定语，修饰remnants of human life。故选A。 3．考查副词。句意：口头和实践教育（例如，早期人类亲自教他们的孩子寻找食物）可能可以追溯到更早的时候。分析句意，这里指早期人类手把手教授他们的孩子寻找食物的教育，修饰teaching用副词physically“亲自”作状语。故选AC。 4．考查动词。句意：然而，第四次工业革命指的是新技术的迅速崛起，它将对未来我们作为一个全球社会如何提供教育产生巨大的影响。分析句意，这里指全球社会未来如何传递教育，所以需要动词deliver，意为“传递”，will后用动词原形。故选AD。 5．考查名词。句意：在这种新的技术环境中，生活要求我们以多种方式改变我们的教育方式。这里指我们要用多种方式改变我们的教育方式，所以用“方法”对应的名词approach，作宾语。故选BD。 6．考查动词。句意：面对一个技术不断变化的未来，我们需要将适应持续学习作为一种新常态。分析句意，要面对不断技术变革的未来，我们需要适应持续学习，adapt to“适应”。故选BC。 7．考查动词。句意：教育的未来在于将持续的学习融入到我们的日常个人生活和职业生活中，甚至比我们现在做的更多。分析句意，教育的未来应该是在于将持续学习融入我们的日常个人和职业生活，所以这里需要动词consist，构成短语consist in，意为“在于”，作谓语。主语为第三人称单数。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：这可能就是为什么芬兰创新基金Sitra提议，公立义务教育不仅包括小学——正如《世界人权宣言》所提出的那样——还包括持续学习。分析句意，公立义务教育不仅包括小学，还包括持续学习。所以这里需要及物动词cover，意为“包括，覆盖”，作谓语。主语为第三人称单数。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意：我们沉浸在信息中，却渴望智慧。根据but we long for wisdom可知，我们沉浸在信息中，sink in意思为：沉浸于，be动词后用现在分词构成现在进行时。故选AB。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，世界将由那些能够在正确的时刻收集正确信息，同时进行批判性思考和明智地做出重要决定的人领导。要做出重要的决定就需要进行批判性思考，所以这里需要“批判性地”对应的副词critically，作状语。故选B。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市同济大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assuming B．collection C． detailing D．digested E. exhibits F. expands G. lends  H. pointed I. promise J. ready K. wander Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and 1 . This line has been taken from the famous essay “Of Studies”, written by Francis Bacon. In his classic essay, Bacon explains how and why study — knowledge — is important. Along with Michel de Montaigne, who published his first essays less than twenty years before Francis Bacon published his first 2 in 1597. Bacon is considered the father of the English essay, with Montaigne the father of the French essay. Bacon’s essays differ from Montaigne’s in being more concise and formal. Where Montaigne conceived of the essays as an opportunity to explore a subject through mental association and a casual 3 of the mind, Bacon viewed the essay as an opportunity to offer advice. In “Of Studies”, Bacon lays out the value of knowledge in practical terms. Bacon considers to what use studies might be put. He is less interested in their theoretical 4 than in their practical utility—a natural tendency more English, perhaps, than French. Bacon’s writing in “Of Studies” is direct and 5 . It avoids the winding find-your-way free form of Montaigne’s essays. From his opening sentence Bacon gets directly to the point: “Studies serve for delight, for ornament (装饰), and for ability.” He then 6 on how studies are useful in these three ways. And he wastes no words in 7 the use of “studies” for a Renaissance gentleman. One of the attractions of Bacon’s essay is his skillful use of parallel sentence structure, as exemplified in the sentences like: “Reading maketh full man; conference a(n) 8 man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer (商议) little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning (狡黠的), to seem to know that he doth not.” This stylistic technique 9 clarity and order to the writing, as in “crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them,” which straightforwardly 10 confidence and elegance in addition to clarity and emphasis. 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．K 4．I 5．H 6．F 7．C 8．J 9．G 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了弗朗西斯·培根的著名散文《论研究》。 1．考查动词。句意：有些书可浅尝，有些书可囫囵吞枣，少数书则需细细咀嚼消化。根据“be chewed”可知，空处为动词不定式的被动语态形式digested“消化”。故填D。 2．考查名词。句意：还有米歇尔·德·蒙田，他在1597年弗朗西斯·培根出版他的第一部文集前不到20年发表了他的第一部随笔。名词作宾语，collection“文集”符合句意。故填B。 3．考查名词。句意：蒙田认为随笔是通过精神联想和不经意的思维漫游来探索一个主题的机会，而培根则认为随笔是提供建议的机会。名词作宾语，wander“漫游”符合句意。故填K。 4．考查名词。句意：蒙田认为随笔是通过精神联想和不经意的思维漫游来探索一个主题的机会，而培根则认为随笔是提供建议的机会。名词作宾语，promise“承诺”符合句意。故填I。 5．考查形容词。句意：培根在《论研究》中的写作是直接而尖锐的。形容词作定语，appointed“尖锐的”符合句意。故填H。 6．考查动词。句意：然后，他进一步阐述了研究在这三方面的用处。空处缺少谓语，expand on“阐述”符合句意。故填F。 7．考查动词。句意：他毫不费力地详细说明了文艺复兴时期绅士对“研究”一词的使用。动名词作宾语，detail“详细说明”符合句意。故填C。 8．考查形容词。句意：读书使人充实,讨论使人机敏,写作使人严谨。形容词作定语，ready“机敏的”符合句意。故填J。 9．考查动词。句意：这种文体技巧使写作清晰有序，就像“狡黠的人谴责学问，淳朴的人赞赏学问，聪明的人利用学问”，在清晰和强调之外，直率地表现出自信和优雅。空处缺少谓语，lends“提供”符合句意和语法结构。故填G。 10．考查动词。句意：这种文体技巧使写作清晰有序，就像“狡黠的人谴责学问，淳朴的人赞赏学问，聪明的人利用学问”，在清晰和强调之外，直率地表现出自信和优雅。空处缺少谓语，exhibits“展示，表现”符合句意和语法结构。故填E。 Passage4 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校等四校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cheats B．best C． distances D．disqualified E. discipline F. dismissed G. effect H. enduring I. ignored J. initial K. substantially Would legal doping change the Olympics? Trying to rid elite sport of drug cheats is an expensive and often thankless task. Competition organizers can never be sure that an event is clean: retests of samples from the Beijing and London games led to more than 100 medallists being 1 . A small minority—including Aron D’Souza, an Australian businessman—believe it is time to lift the ban and make drug-taking a legitimate means to boost performance. Mr. D’Souza plans to hold a doped competition, dubbed the Enhanced Games, in 2025. Most athletes have 2 his plan as absurd and dangerous. But he believes that doped competitors would beat plenty of official world records. Is that true? It could be, at least at first. Taking banned substances, such as anabolic steroids for strength events and hormones for high-intensity competitions, can improve performance, sometimes 3 . In athletics, the women’s world records for the 400m, shot put and discus are 39, 37 and 36 years old respectively. The records they replaced had stood for just two, three and four years. All three current records were set by athletes from countries where near-mandatory drug-taking was not uncommon. Their athletes also set long-standing records in men’s events and in other sports. Even significant improvements in training, nutrition and biomechanics over the past few decades have not allowed clean competitors to 4 them—but with drugs, they might. But legal doping would be unlikely to revolutionize sport in the way that proponents claim. If a new world record were set by a drug-taker, it would not mean that ever greater feats would follow—after the 5 boost, athletes’ chemically induced (导致) improvement would level off. Better drugs might be developed over time. But over the past few decades, new enhancing substances have not guaranteed victory for 6 over clean athletes, nor over old-school dopers, as the 7 records from the long-ago Olympics show. Athletes would probably continue to chip away at records, relying, as they do now, on a mix of factors to set them apart: technique, nutrition, coaching and innate physical gifts, such as the optimal mix of muscle fibres for their 8 , or a higher red-blood-cell count. If doping were legalized, it would in 9 become compulsory: few athletes with serious designs on winning titles would cede what could be a decisive advantage to their rivals. That might make times and 10 a little more impressive—but it would not revolutionize the Olympics. Many would argue that even if performances improved, the games would not. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．K 4．B 5．J 6．A 7．H 8．E 9．G 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论如果了合法使用兴奋剂是否会给奥运会带来变革。 1．考查动词。句意：比赛组织者永远无法保证一项赛事是干净的：北京和伦敦奥运会的样本重新检测导致100多名奖牌获得者被取消资格。根据上文“Competition organizers can never be sure that an event is clean”可知设空处是disqualify，意为“取消资格”，和being构成动名词的被动语态，应用过去分词disqualified，故选D。 2．考查动词。句意：大多数运动员都认为他的计划既荒谬又危险。根据上文“Mr. D’Souza plans to hold a doped competition, dubbed the Enhanced Games, in 2025.”和常识可知设空处dismiss，意为“摒弃；不予考虑”，短语dismiss…as…，意为“认为……怎么样”和have构成现在完成时，应用过去分词dismissed，故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：服用违禁药物，如力量项目的合成代谢类固醇和高强度比赛的激素，可以提高成绩，有时效果显著。根据上文“such as anabolic steroids for strength events and hormones for high-intensity competitions, can improve performance”和常识可知兴奋剂有时可以显著提高成绩，故设空处为substantially，意为“非常地；巨大地”作状语，故选K。 4．考查动词。句意：在过去的几十年里，即使在训练、营养和生物力学方面取得了巨大的进步，也没有让干净的运动员超越他们——但有了药物，他们可能会。根据下文“- but with drugs, they might”可知上下文为转折关系，所应是没有让干净的运动员超越他们，空处为best，意为“打败，胜过”，故选B。 5．考查形容词。句意：如果一个服用药物的人创造了新的世界纪录，这并不意味着会有更伟大的成就随之而来——在最初的刺激之后，运动员的化学反应导致的进步会趋于平稳。根据句意和后面的名词可知应用形容词initial，意为“最初的”作定语，故选J。 6．考查名词。句意：但在过去的几十年里，新的兴奋剂并不能保证作弊者能战胜干净的运动员，也不能保证战胜老派的兴奋剂服用者，就像很久以前奥运会的持久记录所显示的那样。根据下文“over clean athletes”和句意可知空处为cheat，意为“作弊者”，这里泛指，应用复数形式作宾语，故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：同上。根据下文名词“records”和句意可知空处为形容词enduring，意为“持久的”作定语，故选H。 8．考查名词。句意：运动员很可能会像现在一样，依靠各种因素使自己与众不同：技术、营养、教练和天生的身体天赋，比如适合自己训练的最佳肌肉纤维组合，或者更高的红细胞计数。根据上文“the optimal mix of muscle fibres”和句意可知最佳肌肉纤维组合，或者更高的红细胞计数是要适合运动员的训练，空处为discipline，意为“训练”作宾语。故选E。 9．考查名词。句意：如果兴奋剂被合法化，它实际上将成为强制性的：很少有真正想要赢得冠军的运动员会把可能是决定性优势的东西让给竞争对手。根据句意可知考查固定短语in effect，意为“实际上”，故空处为effect，故选G。 10．考查名词。句意：这可能会让时间和距离更令人印象深刻，但它不会给奥运会带来革命性的变化。根据上文的“times”可知是distance，意为“距离”，这里和times并列，应用复数形式，作宾语。故选C。 话题 2 人工智能与科技应用 涵盖人工智能技术的发展、应用场景、面临的问题及对相关行业的影响，展现科技与生活、行业的结合。 P1：《Moral Considerations of Artificial Intelligence》：讨论人工智能发展中如何将人类价值观转化为可编程代码，让 AI 可靠运行，提及 AI 学习人类价值观的方式、开发中存在的测试不足等问题，以及解决 AI 伦理问题的方法。 P2：《Creating colorful objects on a screen at high speed wasn’t the original purpose...》：介绍图形处理器（GPU）从最初用于游戏视觉处理，到后来在视频编辑、加密货币挖掘、人工智能训练等领域的应用，以及 AI 对游戏行业的影响，如辅助游戏设计、难度评估等。 P3：《How do AI chatbots answer my questions》：解释 AI 聊天机器人的工作原理，即通过预测下一个单词来生成回答，以具体例子说明其处理信息、得出答案的过程，提及语言模型对知识的需求及学习方式。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市第三女子中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words or phrases in the boxes. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need in each of the passage. A．addressed    B．proper    C． course    D．translated    E. custom    F. pattern G. instruction    H. sufficient    I. complicated    J. available    K. reliable Moral Considerations of Artificial Intelligence As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly 1 , there is a growing concern that robots could become a threat to human beings in the near future. However, this danger can be 2 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, by figuring out how to turn human values into programmable codes that robots can understand. In other words, if human morals can be successfully 3 into AI language, the AI machines will then perform in a trustworthy way. Normally, robots learn human values by drawing a common 4 from large sets of data on human behaviors. So, the robot designers and programmers must be extremely careful while they are “teaching” the machines. It is of great necessity to set out human values as clear rules during the 5 of creating more advanced AI machines. Recently, some robots have already been programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots in hotels are programmed to keep a(n) 6 distance from humans. Obviously, there are cultural differences in social distancing, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you would feel uncomfortable and wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a well-educated person would do. Another concern about AI development is that manufacturers may fail to do 7 testing before production to help robots cope with unexpected situations. For instance, if we humans are not quite sure about the correctness of a decision, we would go and ask somebody else. Nevertheless, this kind of human intelligence has not been 8 to AI machines. It remains unknown whether the robot will choose to conduct or stop an unethical 9 , such as throwing away a lovely pet. In order to solve the problem, one simple check is to write a code that the robots will make some noises like beeps if any unusual circumstances appear. In conclusion, the most challenging step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we human beings believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots and AI technologies could become further 10 soon. 【答案】 1．I 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．C 6．B 7．H 8．J 9．G 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的道德考量，包括人工智能可能对人类构成的威胁、如何将人类价值观转化为AI可理解的可编程代码、人工智能学习人类价值观的方式、人工智能发展中存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法等。 1．考查形容词。句意：随着人工智能变得越来越复杂，人们越来越担心机器人可能在不久的将来成为人类的威胁。空处用于becomes之后，应用形容词作表语，描述人工智能的特点，complicated“复杂的”，为形容词，符合语境。故选I项。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，据计算机科学教授斯图尔特·罗素说，这种危险是可以通过找出如何将人类价值观转化为机器人能理解的可编程代码来解决的。空处用于can be之后，应用动词过去分词形式，构成情态动词的被动语态。addressed“处理；解决”为过去分词形式，符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查动词。句意：换句话说，如果人类道德能够成功地被翻译成人工智能语言，那么人工智能机器就会以值得信赖的方式运行。空处用于can be之后，应用动词过去分词形式，构成情态动词的被动语态。translated“翻译”为过去分词，符合语境。故选D项。 4．考查名词。句意：通常，机器人通过从大量关于人类行为的数据中总结出一个共同的模式来学习人类价值观。根据空前的a common可知，空处应用可数名词单数形式。pattern“模式”为名词，符合语境。故选F项。 5．考查名词。句意：在创造更先进的人工智能机器的过程中，明确地将人类价值观设定为清晰的规则是非常必要的。根据空前的during the可知，空处应填入名词，course意为“过程”，为名词，符合语境。故选C项。 6．考查形容词。句意：例如，酒店里的移动机器人被编程为与人类保持适当的距离。根据空前的a(n)以及空后的distance可知，空处应为形容词作定语。proper“适当的”，为形容词，符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查形容词。句意：另一个关于人工智能发展的担忧是，制造商可能在生产前没有进行足够的测试，以帮助机器人应对意外情况。空处修饰名词testing，应用形容词形式作定语，sufficient“足够的”为形容词，符合语境。故选H项。 8．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种人类智能还没有被应用到人工智能机器上。根据空前的has not been可知，空处应用形容词作表语，描述主语this kind of human intelligence，available“可用的”为形容词，符合语境。故选J项。 9．考查名词。句意：尚不清楚机器人是否会选择执行或停止不道德的指令，比如扔掉一只可爱的宠物。根据空前的an unethical可知，空处应用单数名词，nstruction“指令”为名词，符合语境。故选G项。 10．考查形容词。句意：但是，如果我们找到了答案，机器人和人工智能技术很快就会变得更加可靠。根据空前的become可知，空处应用形容词作表语，描述主语robots and AI technologies，reliable“可靠的”为形容词，符合语境。故选K项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市吴淞中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中试卷英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．aiming  B．applications  C． edge  D．assessing  E. established  F. exceptionally  G. extensive  H. favor  I. emerged  J. highlight  K. significantly Creating colorful objects on a screen at high speed wasn’t the original purpose of computer central processing units (CPUs). To address this, arcade machine (街头游戏机) manufacturers introduced the graphics-processing unit(GPU), specifically designed for handling video game visuals alongside the CPU’s tasks. Over time, GPUs found 1 beyond gaming, including video editing, cryptocurrency (加密货币) mining, and more recently, artificial intelligence (AI) training. AI is now making waves in the very industry it 2 from, with generative AI disrupting entertainment, especially the gaming sector. According to a venture-capital firm, the interactive nature of games, which requires 3 content design, stands to benefit the most from AI. This technology can 4 reduce both time and budget restrictions in game development. Recent developments showcased at the Game Developers Conference 5 how AI is being integrated into the gaming world. Ubisoft unveiled Ghostwriter, a tool for generating a platform that uses text commands for game material creation. Even personalized AI-driven commentary for games, like Straight4 Studios’ “GTR Revival,” is becoming a reality. Major game developers such as King and Electronic Arts are embracing AI for tasks like 6 difficulty levels and game testing. Unity, a game development engine, plans to create a marketplace for Al tools, 7 to level the playing field for developers of all resource levels. Despite the rise of AI, big studios remain relevant. While AI may enable smaller firms to explore new game quickly, larger studios can maintain their 8 with more high-quality releases. The increasing choices in the gaming industry, similar to the music and video sectors, might 9 those with significant marketing budgets. Additionally, 10 studios may have better solutions for the copyright challenges surrounding AI-generated content. 【答案】 1．B 2．I 3．G 4．K 5．J 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．H 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了计算机图形处理器（GPU）的原始用途及其在游戏、视频编辑、加密货币挖掘和人工智能等领域的广泛应用。特别强调了人工智能（AI）在游戏行业的兴起，包括其在游戏设计、难度评估、游戏测试等方面的应用，以及AI对游戏行业带来的变革和潜在影响。 1．考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，GPU发现了游戏以外的应用，包括视频编辑、加密货币挖掘，以及最近的人工智能（AI）训练。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据后文的including video editing, cryptocurrency mining, and more recently, artificial intelligence (AI) training可知，此处强调GPU发现了游戏以外的应用。表示“应用”用application，此处表示复数意义。故选B。 2．考查动词时态。句意：如今，人工智能正在它原本所在的行业掀起波澜，生成式人工智能颠覆了娱乐业，尤其是游戏行业。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。此处表示“出现”用emerge。故选I。 3．考查形容词。句意：根据一家风险投资公司的说法，游戏的互动性需要广泛的内容设计，这将从人工智能中获益最多。设空处使用形容词作定语，此处表示“广泛的，大量的”用形容词extensive。故选G。 4．考查副词。句意：这种技术可以显著减少游戏开发中的时间和预算限制。设空处使用该副词作状语，修饰动词reduce。significantly符合语境，表示“显著地”。故选K。 5．考查动词时态。句意：最近在游戏开发者大会上展示的发展突出了AI是如何融入游戏世界的。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“突显，突出”用highlight。故选J。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：像 King 和 Electronic Arts 这样的大型游戏开发商正在利用人工智能来评估游戏难度等级和进行游戏测试等工作。设空处使用动名词作like的宾语。表示“评估”用动词assess。故选D。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：游戏开发引擎Unity计划为人工智能工具创建一个市场，旨在为所有资源水平的开发者提供公平的竞争环境。句中plans为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，表示“旨在”用aim，Unity与aim之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故选A。 8．考查名词。句意：虽然AI可以让小公司更快地探索新游戏，但大工作室可以通过发行更多高质量的游戏来保持优势。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“优势”用edge。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意：与音乐和视频行业一样，游戏行业中越来越多的选择可能更青睐那些拥有大量营销预算的公司。设空处置于情态动词might之后，故使用动词原形。此处表示“喜欢，支持，青睐”用favor。故选H。 10．考查形容词。句意：此外，成熟的工作室可能有更好的解决方案来应对围绕AI生成内容的版权挑战。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词studios，此处表示“老牌的，成熟的”用形容词established。故选E。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市洋泾中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．auto-complete B．determine C．essentially D．grammatical E.grouped F.indicating G.instructions H.likely I.resembles J.define K.advanced How do AI chatbots answer my questions Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are 1 an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models-a kind of algorithm (算法)trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written 2 that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentence it comes across to 3 the answer. Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI Chabot: “The cat sat on the________.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make 4 sense.But it can’t be any noun-the cat can't sit on the “democracy," for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might 5 the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most 6 answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a Chabot “How are you?”, it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are. The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision 7 how the human brain behaves. “Simple as this task-predicting the most probable response-is, it actually requires an incredibly 8 knowledge of both how language works and how the world works, ” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to strictly 9 any rules or grammar for them to follow. An Al chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters 10 together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases. 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．H 7．I 8．K 9．J 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了AI聊天机器人回答用户问题的原理。 1．考查副词。句意：但如果你仔细观察，它们本质上是一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子。根据上文“Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people(聊天机器人可能看起来是复杂的健谈者，他们的反应就像真人一样)”可知，此处描述了聊天机器人可能给人的印象，即它们像真人一样进行复杂的对话。然而，接下来的句子通过转折词“But(但是)”引入了一个对比的观点“an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next(一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子)”，即如果仔细观察，聊天机器人其实并非如此复杂，所以要填入的词应该用来描述聊天机器人的本质，分析待选项，C项“essentially(本质上)”表达的含义符合语境，副词作状语。故选C。 2．考查名词。句意：更简单地说，它们是人类编写的指令，告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算。根据下文“tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation(告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算)”可知，此处上下文说的是人类给计算机编写的指令，表示“多个指令”，用复数形式。故选G。 3．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子来自动完成答案。根据上文“the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentences it comes across(算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子)”可推理出空白处应填表示“自动完成”含义的动词，to后接动词原形。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：首先，语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词才能有语法意义。根据上文“the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun(语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词)”可知此处说的是语法，形容词作定语。故选D。 5．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，它可能会确定猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上。根据下文“the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“确定”含义的动词，might后接动词原形。故选B。 6．考查形容词。句意：然后，该模型会给出最有可能的答案：“椅子”。根据上文“the cat sits on the“laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可知，模型是根据可能性给出答案，空白处应填表示“可能的”含义的形容词，作定语。故选H。 7．考查动词。句意：这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式有点像人脑的行为方式。根据上文“The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision(这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式)”以及下文“the human brain behaves(人脑的行为方式)”可知此处上下文说的是两者的方式有点相似，空白处应填表示“类似于”含义的动词，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：尽管这项任务——预测最可能的回应——看起来很简单，但实际上它需要对语言是如何运作的以及世界是如何运作的有非常深入的了解。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的句子，其中使用了as来引导这个从句，为倒装结构，这种结构用于表达尽管某件事情在表面上看起来是某种情况，但实际上却并非如此。根据下文“it actually requires an incredibly advanced knowledge of both how language works and how the world works(它实际上它要求有对语言和世界运作方式的深入了解)”可推理出空白处应填表示“简单的”含义的形容词，故选K。 9．考查副词。句意：语言模型的美妙之处在于，研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法。根据下文“An AI chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements(人工智能聊天机器人通过获取文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子)”可推理出上文说的是研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法，空白处应填表示“严格地”含义的副词，作状语，修饰动词。故选J。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能聊天机器人通过消耗文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子，文本元素是从书籍、文章和网站的原始文本中组合在一起的常见字符序列。根据上文“sequences of characters(字符)”以及下文“taken from the raw text(从原始文本中提取)”可知，此处描述这些字符序列是如何被获取的，分析待选项，E项“grouped(集合)”表达的含义符合语境，在本句中意思是这些字符序列是从原始文本中被聚集或组合起来的。过去分词作定语。故选E。 话题 3 科学研究与动物智能 围绕动物的认知能力、科学实验及相关研究展开，展现动物在学习、计算等方面的潜在能力及科学研究的发现与争议。 P1：《Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic》：研究表明蜜蜂虽大脑小但很聪明，能理解零的概念、正确指出物体数量大小，还能进行加减法等精确数字计算，同时提及不同学者对蜜蜂是否真有数学运算概念的争议。 P2：《In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus...》：通过让健康志愿者接触感冒或流感病毒的实验，发现性格开朗、情绪积极的人更不容易生病，探讨积极情绪风格对免疫系统和疾病抵抗的影响。 P3：《Birdman of Los Angeles》：介绍专业鸟类行为学家 Chan Quach 训练金刚鹦鹉的方法，包括培养亲密关系、进行自由飞行训练等，展现鹦鹉的学习能力与行为特点，同时提及外界对其训练方式的争议。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市松江区第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need A．acquire    B．adding    C．alternative    D．cautious    E．company    F．correctly G．essential    H．persistently    I．processing    J．rule    K．survival Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic Honeybees can learn to add and abstract, according to research showing that while the insects have tiny brains, they are still surprisingly clever. Researchers behind the study have previously found that honeybees can apparently understand the concept of zero, and learn to 1 indicate which of two groups of objects is the smaller. But now they say insects can learn to carry out exact numerical calculations such as adding and subtracting a given number. “Their brain can manage a long-term 2 and apply that to a mathematical problem to come up with a correct answer,” said Dr. Adrian Dyer, co-author of the research from RMIT University in Australia. “That is a different type of number 3 .” If the team are right, the insects are in good 4 . While it was once thought that only humans could manage such calculations, the authors note recent research has revealed an enormous number of creatures can keep track of numbers or even add or subtract. The team say the latest research adds to a growing body of evidence that language is not 5 for learning how to manipulate numbers. And there’s more. “It is teaching us a lot about what brains can do and what necessary structures you might need in brains to achieve certain outcomes,” said Dyer. However, Paul Graham, professor of neuroethology at the University of Sussex, was 6 , and said it was not clear that the bees really did have a concept of mathematical operations, or even numbers. “In reality, you don’t really know what the animal has done, because you are not investigating how it is doing it,” he said, 7 it was hard to design an experiment to exclude other simpler explanations for the bees’ behaviour. Writing in the journal Science Advances, Dyer said the prevalence (普遍性) of numerical competence across the animal kingdom was “suspicious”, leading him to believe it might be a widespread phenomenon in animals that aids 8 . However, he added it was difficult to test this, and said there was a(n) 9 explanation-the real phenomenon is the ability to make associations and solve problems, rather than have or 10 numerical skills. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．I 4．E 5．G 6．D 7．B 8．K 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，蜜蜂可以学会添加和提取，尽管这种昆虫的大脑很小，但它们仍然非常聪明。这项研究背后的研究人员此前发现，蜜蜂显然能够理解零的概念，并学会正确地指出两组物体中哪一组较小。 1．考查副词。句意：这项研究背后的研究人员此前发现，蜜蜂显然能够理解零的概念，并学会正确地指出两组物体中哪一组较小。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词indicate，correctly“正确地”为副词，符合句意。故选F项。 2．考查名词。句意：他们的大脑可以管理长期规则，并将其应用于数学问题，从而得出正确答案。分析句子可知，空前long-term为形容词短语，此处为名词形式作宾语成分，rule“规则”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 3．考查名词。句意：这是一种不同的数字处理方式。分析句子可知，空前of为介词，此处为名词形式，和number构成名词短语作宾语，number processing“数字处理方式”为名词短语，符合句意。故选I项。 4．考查固定短语。句意：研究团队是正确的，那么蜜蜂有很多能进行类似计算的同伴。分析句子可知，此处“in good company”为固定短语，意为“有伴儿，不孤单”，满足句意要求。故选E项。 5．考查形容词。句意：研究小组表示，这项最新研究进一步证明，语言对于学习如何操作数字并不重要。分析句子可知，空前is为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，essential“重要的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查形容词。句意：然而，苏塞克斯大学（University of Sussex）神经行为学教授保罗·格雷厄姆（Paul Graham）对此持谨慎态度，他说，目前还不清楚蜜蜂是否真的有数学运算或偶数的概念。分析句子可知，空前was为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，cautious“谨慎的”作表语，符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：“实际上，你并不真正知道这种动物做了什么，因为你没有研究它是如何做到的，”他说，并补充说，很难设计一个实验来排除蜜蜂行为的其他更简单的解释。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，adding“补充”为现在分词，符合句意。故选B项。 8．考查名词。句意：戴尔在《科学进展》杂志上撰文称，动物王国中普遍存在的数字能力是“可疑的”，这使他相信这可能是动物中帮助生存的普遍现象。分析句子可知，空前aids为动词，此处为名词作宾语形式，survival“生存”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，他补充说，很难验证这一点，并表示有另一种解释——真正的现象是建立联系和解决问题的能力，而不是拥有或获得数字技能。分析句子可知，空后explanation为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，alternative“可替代的，另类的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 10．考查动词。句意：然而，他补充说，很难验证这一点，并表示有另一种解释——真正的现象是建立联系和解决问题的能力，而不是拥有或获得数字技能。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语成分，acquire“获得”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exposed     B．containing      C． conditions    D．based    E. style   F. data G. enhancing       H. resist     I. definitely     J. frequently    K. complete In an experiment that 1 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny temper were less likely to fall ill. The findings were built on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to 2 the common cold and other illness. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness 3 immune function and subjective as in happy people being less disturbed by a sore throat or running nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have active immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their ilness as being less severe.” Actually, 34 on the previous study results, Cohen and his colleagues have been 35 certain that pleasant people are, for most cases, less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether a person’s character itself brings about the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults 4 standard measures of personality tendency, self-conscious health and emotional “style”. Those who tend to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional 5 while those who were often unhappy, tense and opposed had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal (鼻子的) drops 6 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six years, the researchers collected 7 like daily mucus (唾液) protection. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective analysis of nose 8 , happy people were less likely to develop a cold. 【答案】 1．A 2．H 3．G 4．D 5．I 6．K 7．E 8．B 9．F 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员通过一系列实验发现，拥有积极情绪风格（即通常情绪较为阳光、乐观）的人更不容易患上感冒或其他疾病。 1．考查时态。句意：在一项让健康志愿者接触感冒或流感病毒的实验中，研究人员发现，脾气开朗的人不太可能生病。由“healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus”可知，句子表示“在一项让健康志愿者接触感冒或流感病毒的实验中，研究人员发现，脾气开朗的人不太可能生病”，空格处意为“使接触”，是expose，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选A。 2．考查不定式。句意：这些发现是建立在“积极的情绪风格”有助于抵抗普通感冒和其他疾病的证据基础上的。由“people with a generally sunny temper were less likely to fall ill”可知，句子表示“这些发现是建立在“积极的情绪风格”有助于抵抗普通感冒和其他疾病的证据基础上的”，空格处意为“抵抗”，是resist，help to do是固定短语，意为“帮助做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选H。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员认为，原因可能既有客观的，比如快乐能增强免疫功能，也有主观的，比如快乐的人不那么容易受到喉咙痛或流鼻涕的困扰。由上文““positive emotional style” can help to resist the common cold and other illness”可知，句子表示“快乐能增强免疫功能”，空格处意为“增强”，是enhance，may be是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，happiness和enhance之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作后置定语，故选G。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，根据之前的研究结果，科恩和他的同事们已经确定，在大多数情况下，随和的人不太容易感冒，但仍然存在一些问题，即一个人的性格本身是否会产生这种影响。由下文“on the previous study results”可知，句子表示“根据之前的研究结果”，空格处意为“以……为基础”，是base，“have been ____”是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，Cohen and his colleagues和base之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词作状语，故选D。 5．考查副词。句意：事实上，根据之前的研究结果，科恩和他的同事们已经确定，在大多数情况下，随和的人不太容易感冒，但仍然存在一些问题，即一个人的性格本身是否会产生这种影响。由上文“based on the previous study results”和下文“certain that pleasant people are, for most cases, less likely to catch a cold”可知，句子表示“根据之前的研究结果，科恩和他的同事们已经确定，在大多数情况下，随和的人不太容易感冒”，空格处意为“明确地”，用副词修饰形容词certain，是definitely，故选I。 6．考查不带to的不定式。句意：在这项新研究中，研究人员让193名健康的成年人完成了人格倾向、自我意识健康和情感“风格”的标准测试。由“standard measures of personality tendency, self-conscious health and emotional “style””可知，句子表示“研究人员让193名健康的成年人完成了人格倾向、自我意识健康和情感“风格”的标准测试”，空格处意为“完成”，是complete，have sb. do sth.是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选K。 7．考查名词。句意：那些快乐、精力充沛、随和的人被认为具有积极的情感风格，而那些经常不快乐、紧张和对立的人则被认为具有消极的情感风格。由前面的“emotional “style””可知，句子表示“那些快乐、精力充沛、随和的人被认为具有积极的情感风格”，空格处意为“风格”，是style，空前有a，空格处用单数名词，故选E。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员给他们使用了含有感冒病毒或某种特定流感病毒的鼻滴剂。由第一段“exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus”和下文“either a cold virus or a particular flu virus”可知，句子表示“研究人员给他们使用了含有感冒病毒或某种特定流感病毒的鼻滴剂”，空格处意为“含有”，是contain，句中谓语是gave，空格处用非谓语动词，drops和contain之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作后置定语，故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：在接下来的六年里，研究人员收集了日常粘液保护等数据。由上文“the researchers collected”可知，句子表示“在接下来的六年里，研究人员收集了日常粘液保护等数据”，空格处意为“数据”，是data，是不可数名词，故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：Cohen和他的同事们发现，基于对鼻子状况的客观分析，快乐的人不太可能患感冒。由上文“gave them nasal (鼻子的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six years, the researchers collected data like daily mucus (唾液) protection”可知，句子表示“Cohen和他的同事们发现，基于对鼻子状况的客观分析，快乐的人不太可能患感冒”，空格处意为“状况”，是condition，不止一个，因此空格处用复数。故选C。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．expose   B．fastened   C． aggression   D．commanding   E. cautiously   F. stimulation   G. vulnerable H. obediently  I. imprison   J. dedicated   K modeling Birdman of Los Angeles As he throws his outstretched arms toward the sky, Chan Quach’s six royal blue and fire- engine red macaws (金刚鹦鹉) pump their wings. Even more impressive is when upon command, one by one, his majestic hyacinth macaws — the world’s largest parrots by length — return 1 to land on his arms. Quach is a professional bird behaviorist focused on treating and preventing problematic behaviors by pet birds. He spent 15 years training birds, 2 proper behavior to his birds when they are young.“Parrots are like eternal toddlers — they are smart, curious. and bore easily, so you have to keep a close eye on them and provide them with regular 153 His core belief of training birds is the importance of building unbreakable bonds with them— similar to owners’ trust in their dogs. Quach’s birds are allowed to sleep cage less on perches (栖木) in his bedroom.“ They very 3 creep onto my body just after sunrise, and soon I’m covered in six birds,” says Quach. Proper bird behavior training are vital because “an unhappy bird can experience psychosis, which can lead to 4 , feather plucking, even eating themselves, which is very scary.” Free flying, a kind of training practice, is growing in popularity — the TikTok hashtag # free flight birds has more than 540 million views. The practice has its critics, who argue that free flights 5 pet birds to dangers including predators, power lines and bad weather. However, Quach free flies his macaws without using a GPS or telemetry tracker 6 to their tail feathers or wrapped around an ankle. Other owners have told Quach it’s irresponsible to fly expensive and endangered birds without using technology for the bird’s safety. But Quach’s technique of free flying his birds together as a flock provides safety in numbers, he says, and the birds also help call each other back when it’s time to return. His hyacinth macaws are listed as 7 on a renowned risk- assessment tool for species extinction, which has led to even more criticism of his free- flying practices. However, he says, “I don’t acquire or collect birds to 8 them. I want them to live their best lives, flying safely. If I can build a true friendship, that’s greater than anything technology can offer me.” “He’s very 9 to his birds,” says Lisa Woodworth of Eclectus Ark, a nonprofit bird resource and conservation institute. “While he does not fly them with transmitters, macaws are different from some other species of birds in that they have a very strong pair bond; they see him as the being they’ re linked with, so they return to him.” 【答案】 1．H 2．K 3．F 4．E 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．G 9．I 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了一位专业的鸟类行为学家Chan Quach，他被称为“洛杉矶鸟人”，并详细叙述了他与金刚鹦鹉之间的亲密关系、他的训练方法、对自由飞行的看法以及他这一行为所引发的争议和外界的评价。 1．考查副词。句意：更令人印象深刻的是，在他的指令下，一只又一只威风凛凛的紫蓝金刚鹦鹉——这是世界上体型最长的鹦鹉——会乖乖地飞回来，落在他的手臂上。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词；再根据全文内容可知，这些鹦鹉会乖乖飞回来。选项H“obediently”，副词，意为“乖乖地”，符合句意。故选H。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了15年时间训练鸟类，在它们年幼时就为它们树立正确的行为模式。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当状语；根据上文“He spent 15 years training birds”可知，空处和“训练”鸟类有关。选项K“modeling”，意为“塑造”，符合句意。故选K。 3．考查名词。句意：鹦鹉就像永远长不大的小孩——它们聪明、好奇，而且很容易厌倦，所以你必须时刻关注它们，为它们提供持续的刺激。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。根据上文“Parrots are like eternal toddlers — they are smart, curious. and bore easily”可知，本段内容和训练鹦鹉有关，且鹦鹉就像小孩子一样。因此训练鹦鹉的时候需要提供刺激。选项F“stimulation”，名词，意为“刺激”，符合句意。故选F。 4．考查副词。句意：“太阳刚升起时，它们就小心翼翼地爬到我身上，很快我就被六只鸟儿盖住了，”Chan Quach说道。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词；选项E“cautiously”，意为“谨慎地、小心翼翼地”，符合本句句意。故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：正确的鸟类行为训练至关重要，因为“一只不快乐的鸟儿可能会患上精神病，这会导致它们具有攻击性、啄羽，甚至自残，这非常可怕。” 分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。根据下文“feather plucking, even eating themselves”可知，这些都是暴力行为。选项C“aggression”，名词，意为“攻击性行为”，符合句意。故选C。 6．考查谓语动词。句意：然而，这种做法也招致了一些批评者的反对，他们认为自由飞行会使宠物鸟面临包括捕食者、电线和恶劣天气在内的危险。分析句子成分可知，空处为从句的谓语动词，根据下文“pet birds to dangers”可推测，空处考查短语：expose…to…，意为“使……面临……”。选项A“expose”，符合句意。故选A。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：不过，Chan Quach放飞金刚鹦鹉时，不会在它们的尾羽上固定或使用脚踝缠绕。根据空前“a GPS or telemetry tracker”以及空后“to their tail feathers”可推测，GPS或遥测追踪器是系在尾羽上。选项B“fastened”，意为“系在”，符合句意。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：他的紫蓝金刚鹦鹉已被列入一个著名的物种灭绝风险评估工具的脆弱名单，这导致他的自由飞行做法受到了更多批评。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式；根据空后的“on a renowned risk- assessment tool for species extinction”可推测，这种鹦鹉在濒危动物名单上。选项G“vulnerable”，意为“脆弱的”，符合句意。故选G。 9．考查动词。句意：然而，他表示：“我饲养或收集鸟儿不是为了囚禁它们。我希望它们过上最好的生活，安全地飞翔。如果我能与它们建立真正的友谊，那就比任何技术所能提供给我的都要伟大。”根据下文“I want them to live their best lives, flying safely.”可知，他饲养或收集鸟儿不是为了囚禁它们。选项I“imprison”，意为“囚禁”，符合句意。故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：“他非常热爱他的鸟儿，”非营利性鸟类资源和保护机构Eclectus Ark的Lisa Woodworth说道。根据上文以及句意可知，他非常热爱自己的鸟。选项J“dedicated”可构成短语：be dedicated to，意为“热爱……、投入……”，符合句意。故选J。 话题 4 社会消费与商业现象 围绕消费行为、商业趋势、品牌发展及相关社会现象展开，分析消费观念、商业策略对市场和消费者的影响。 P1：《Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica》：介绍平价替代品（dupes）的流行对高端运动品牌 Lululemon Athletica 的冲击，分析消费者选择平价替代品的原因，如价格低、质量相近，以及 Lululemon 自身存在的产品问题导致消费者流失。 P2：《Wedding Bills》：阐述中国婚礼的现状，指出婚礼常成为赚钱活动，涉及婚礼费用承担、礼金习俗、婚礼照片拍摄等方面，反映当下社会婚礼中的消费观念和商业行为。 P3：《War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion》：讨论超市和生产商为减少塑料包装采取的措施，如真空包装肉类、取消部分塑料部件等，以及这些措施引发的消费者争议，体现社会对环保消费和商业包装的不同态度。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appealing B．bargains C． credited D．identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) 1 alternative, particularly for younger shoppers. That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica, the company that 2 high- end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm. “The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding 3 is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost 4 , so why pay more? The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of 5 that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too 6 and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to 7 seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties. Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, 8 the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium 9 and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have 10 a success.” 【答案】 1．A 2．I 3．B 4．D 5．H 6．G 7．E 8．C 9．F 10．K 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了平价替代品（dupes）的流行，特别是针对高端运动品牌Lululemon Athletica的影响，以及消费者选择平价替代品的原因和动机。 1．考查形容词。句意：高档产品的低价版已成为一种颇具吸引力的选择，尤其是对年轻消费者而言。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，appealing意为“吸引人的”，符合语境。故选A项。 2．考查动词。句意：这已成为Lululemon Athletica公司的一个问题，该公司率先推出了高端运动服装，并使100美元的打底裤成为常态。此处是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，空处应填动词，根据后文的made可知，用一般过去时，所以pioneered意为“开创”，符合语境。故选I项。 3．考查名词。句意：“品牌标识已不再像过去那样具有吸引力，”22 岁的大学生Mikayla Kitsopoulos说道，“寻找物美价廉的商品才是新的身份象征。”空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，bargain意为“便宜货”，符合语境，为可数名词，根据句意，此处用复数形式。故选B项。 4．考查形容词。句意：她说，质量和合身度几乎一样，为什么要多付钱呢?空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，identical意为“相同的”，符合语境。故选D项。 5．考查名词。句意：竞争加剧之际，Lululemon犯下了一系列失误，甚至让一些最忠实的粉丝也失去了兴趣。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处指Lululemon犯了一系列错误，missteps意为“失误”，符合语境。故选H项。 6．考查形容词。句意：其他错误还包括配色过于有限，以及一些产品(如小号打底裤)数量不足。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，此处指颜色调色板太有限，limited意为“有限的”，符合语境。故选G项。 7．考查副词。句意：这些失败促使Natalie Assink等人有意寻找不同的品牌。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰，此处指这些失误促使人们故意寻找不同的品牌，intentionally意为“故意地”，符合语境。故选E项。 8．考查动词。句意：Moring Consult公司的品牌分析师Ellyn Briggs将冒牌服装越来越受欢迎归因于通货膨胀，但也归因于社交媒体的兴起。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，此处指将平价替代品的日益流行归因于通货膨胀，credit…to…意为“把……归因于……”，符合语境，根据句意，此处描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：他们还想测试一下便宜的版本是否和高级产品一样好，然后在TikTok或其他平台上发布有关它们的信息。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处指便宜版本是否和高端产品一样好，items意为“产品”，符合语境。故选F项。 10．考查动词。句意：Briggs说：“这不仅仅是一笔交易。他们想分享他们取得成功的事实。”根据句意，此处表达已完成之事，用现在完成时，空前已有have，所以空处应填过去分词形式，此处指他们想分享他们取得成功的事实，scored意为“取得”，符合语境。故选K项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoringly   B．charging   C．exhausting   D．criticized   E．packaged F．physically   G．praised   H．transfer   I．stress   J．celebrate K．brainwashed Wedding Bills Girls are supposed to dream about it since childhood. When their big day arrives, walk like a princess with all their friends and family dressed to the nines, watching 1 in the audience. Growing up, little girls are 2 into believing that their wedding is the most important day of their lives. But real life isn’t directed by Disney and in reality. Weddings are anything but fairy tale. In China, weddings are 3 and more often than not, it’s a money-making event not just for the wedding planner, but also for the bride and groom. It’s all a transaction 4 in a white veil. So how’s a typical wedding in China different? First of all, in China, the groom’s family is expected to pay for the wedding. Weddings in China tend to be massive events, and the culture and local belief that the more people come to 5 , the more luck the couple will have plays a huge part in that . In the US, it’s common for the couple to have a gift registry. But in China, you bring cash in red envelopes. In recent years some bridesmaids have even been seen wearing QR codes around their necks for wedding guests to scan to 6 their wedding gift money. Online, some have 7 this trend as providing safety and convenience for the couple. Others call it tacky(俗气的), comparing it to 8 an admission fee to watch a spectacle. It’s also an unspoken custom in China that even if you can’t 9 attend someone’s wedding, your money is expected to make an appearance. Moving on to the wedding photos. In China when you arrive at the venue(场地), you’ll most likely see a giant poster of the couple in their wedding clothes. Here, there’s no such thing as bad luck for the groom to see the bride in her wedding dress before the big day, so most couples would take their wedding photos in a studio in advance. To be frank, I find this the most reasonable way to do it. There is already enough 10 on the wedding day, so why add to it by throwing a photo shoot in there too? 【答案】 1．A 2．K 3．C 4．E 5．J 6．H 7．G 8．B 9．F 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在中国婚礼的陋习——把婚礼当作赚钱的活动，大肆收礼金。 1． 考查副词。句意：当他们的大日子到来时，像公主一样和他们所有的朋友和家人一起打扮得漂漂亮亮，大家在观众中深情地观看。修饰动词watching应用副词，作状语；结合常识和“When their big day arrives, walk like a princess”可知，此处是指家人和朋友都崇拜的看着新娘，副词adoringly“崇拜地”符合题意。故选A。 2．考查动词。句意：在成长过程中，小女孩们被洗脑，相信她们的婚礼是她们一生中最重要的一天。此空应填动词过去分词与前面tare构成被动语态，再由后文“But real life isn’t directed by Disney and in reality”可知，这里指小女孩们被洗脑，认为婚姻是最重要的一天。动词过去分词brainwashed“被洗脑”符合题意。故选K项。 3． 考查形容词。句意：在中国，婚礼很累人，而且很多时候，这不仅是婚礼策划人的赚钱活动，也是新娘和新郎的赚钱活动。空处作表语，描述中国婚礼的特征，应用形容词；根据“it’s a money-making event not just for the wedding planner, but also for the bride and groom.”可知，此处谈论中国婚礼不好的方面，因此形容词exhausting“令人疲惫的”符合题意。故选C。 4． 考查动词。句意：这一切都是包裹在婚纱里的交易。上文提到中国婚礼是一场赚钱的活动，已经失去了原本的意义，由此可知，它是一场包裹着婚纱的交易，动词package“包裹”符合句意，和名词transaction是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选E。 5．考查动词。句意：在中国，婚礼往往是大型活动，来庆祝的人越多，这对夫妇的运气就越好，这种文化和当地人的认为在其中起着重要作用。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形与前面to构成不定式，再由“the more luck the couple will have”可知，这里指来庆祝的人越多，这对夫妇的运气就越好，动词celebrate“庆祝”符合题意。故选J。 6． 考查动词。句意：近年来，一些伴娘甚至被看到脖子上戴着二维码，供婚礼宾客扫描转账礼金。空处应填动词原形，根据“wearing QR codes”和“their wedding gift money”可知，此处是指通过扫描二维码转账礼金，因此动词transfer“转移”符合题意。故选H。 7．考查动词。句意：在网上，一些人称赞这一趋势为这对夫妇提供了安全和便利。此空应填动词过去分词，与前面have构成现在完成时，再由“providing safety and convenience for the couple”可知，这里是在赞扬这种趋势，动词过去分词praised“表扬”符合题意。故选G。 8．考查动词。句意：其他人则称之为俗气，将其比作观看奇观的入场费。结合上文提到婚礼送红包，甚至通过二维码收取礼金推知，一些认为这种做法俗气的人把这种行为看作是收取入场费观看奇观，动词charge“收费”符合句意，介词to后用其动名词形式。故选B。 9． 考查副词。句意：在中国，即使你不能亲自参加某人的婚礼，你的钱也会出现在婚礼上，这也是一个不言而喻的习俗。空处应填副词修饰动词attend，根据“your money is expected to make an appearance”可知，此处是指如果不能亲自参加婚礼，礼金也要送到，副词physically“身体上”符合题意。故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：婚礼当天已经有足够的压力了，为什么还要在婚礼上再拍一张照片呢?空处应填名词作主语，结合上文提到婚礼当天新人忙着收礼金可知，作者认为这已经很有“压力”了（一种讽刺的说法），没有“精力”再拍照，故名词stress“压力”符合题意，为不可数名词。故选I。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．reassessing   B．implementation   C． resembled  D．crucially   E. eliminating   F. quantity G. boasted   H. trialing   I. distinctly   J. outnumbered   K. due War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion First it was the yogurt pot lids, colored milk bottle top s and best-before labels removed in the name of the war on plastic. But when one supermarket sucked the air out of packets of meat, for some shoppers it was a bridge too far. Sainsbury’s had 1 a “supermarket first” but its vacuum-packed meat made some uncomfortable. Minus the air, meat becomes a dense red slice, with one customer complaining it 2 a body part, even if the packing method did cut 450 tomes of plastic a year. Supermarkets and manufacturers are rapidly 3 the packaging of every product in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste. A deposit return scheme is 4 to start in Scotland this summer and in the rest of the U.K. in 2025. The measure also includes the introduction of a consistent household recycling scheme in England that will mandate (授权) local authorities to collect the same items and materials. The 5 date has yet to be confirmed. Another is the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, which requires manufacturers to pay the full cost of packaging waste. It kicked in this year with companies now required to collect data on the 6 of packaging they put on the market, with the first fees due to be collected in 2024. The major supermarkets are all signatories (签署方) to the U.K. Plastics Pact, led by the sustainability charity Wrap. It has set targets to hit by 2025 including 7 problem plastic and ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or compostable (可用作堆肥的). In its annual report, Catherine David, director of the U.K. Plastics Pact, listed the wins, which included the removal of 620m plastic items from supermarket shelves since 2018; that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable and that nearly half of its members were 8 reuse and refill systems. The Guardian asked readers for their views on the packaging changes they were seeing and, 9 , whether they thought they were an improvement. While some steps, like the removal of plastic packaging from Easter egg boxes, were universally welcomed, readers said others might be wrong-headed. They questioned the removal of hard plastic lids from spill-prone yogurt and dip pots, and the decision to switch ice-cream out of plastic containers and into cardboard. A small number said they would be taking their meat business to Marks & Spencer or local butchers rather than buying vacuum-packed portions. But they were 10 by those who backed the change that Sainsbury’s said would stop 765,000 hard trays a year being thrown away. 【答案】 1．G 2．C 3．A 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．E 8．H 9．D 10．J 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论超市和生产商为减少塑料包装对环境的影响而采取的各种措施及其对消费者的影响。 1．考查动词。句意：塞恩斯伯里曾吹嘘“首个超市”，但其真空包装的肉类让一些人感到不舒服。句中缺少谓语，空处可使用动词，根据后文中带引号的“supermarket first(首个超市)”以及后文中“but its vacuum- packed meat made some uncomfortable(但其真空包装的肉类让一些人感到不舒服)”可知，此处有表示夸大的含义，空处可使用动词boasted(吹嘘；夸耀)在句中作谓语。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：没有了空气，肉就变成了浓密的红色切片，一位顾客抱怨说，它就像身体的一部分，尽管这种包装方法每年确实能减少450吨塑料。前文提到顾客对这种包装形式有所抱怨，因此“a dense red slice(浓密的红色切片)”应该是“像”身体的一部分，空处可使用动词resembled(与……相似)在句中作谓语。故选C。 3．考查动词。句意：超市和制造商正在根据政府旨在减少浪费的收集和包装改革，迅速重新评估每种产品的包装。前文提到，尽管对塑料包装有所改变，但也不是人人都能接受，且后文提到“in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste(正在根据政府旨在减少浪费的收集和包装改革)”因为政府提出包装改革，所以要对产品进行“重新评估”，动词reassessing(重新评估)符合文意。故选A。 4．考查固定短语。句意：存款返还计划将于今年夏天在苏格兰启动，并于2025年在英国其他地区启动。句中提到“this summer”及“2025”说明此处表示与预期的计划，此处可使用固定短语be due to do sth.，意为“预计做某事”。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：实施日期尚未确定。后文提到“has yet to be confirmed(还未确定)”说明前文提到的存款返还计划的实施日期还未确定。空处可使用名词implementation(实施，执行)。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：该法案于今年启动，各公司现在被要求收集它们投放市场的包装数量的数据，首批费用将于2024年收取。后文提到“with the first fees due to be collected in 2024(首批费用于2024年收取)”，说明各公司要收集投放到市场中的包装“数量”，才能收取一定的费用，空处可使用名词quantity(数量)作宾语。故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：它设定了到2025年实现的目标，包括消除问题塑料，并确保100%的塑料包装可以重复使用、可回收或可堆肥。根据后文“ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or     compostable(并确保100%的塑料包装可以重复使用、可回收或可堆肥)”可知，此处表示2025年的要实现的目标应该包括“消除”问题塑料。空处可使用eliminating(排除)作宾语。故选E。 8．考查动词。句意：现在，92%的硬质塑料包装是可回收的，近一半的成员正在尝试再利用和再填充系统。前文提到“that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable(92%的硬质塑料包装是可回收的)”，硬质塑料包装是可以回收的，因此可以尝试将其再次利用。空处与were构成过去进行时，因此空处可使用动词trialing(试验)作谓语。故选H。 9．考查副词。句意：《卫报》向读者询问了他们对包装变化的看法，最重要的是，他们是否认为这是一种进步。此处表示的是对包装变化更进一步的看法，空处可使用副词crucially(最重要的是)作状语。故选D。 10．考查动词。句意：但支持这一改变的人太多了。塞恩斯伯里表示，这一改变每年将阻止76.5万个硬托盘被丢弃。前文提到一小部分人会去玛莎百货或者当地肉店卖肉，转折连词but(但是)表示情况有所不一样，说明支持这一改变的人变多了，空处与were构成一般过去时的被动语态，空处可使用动词outnumbered(超过，比……多)作谓语。故选J。 话题 5 健康与生活方式 关注健康观念、生活习惯对健康的影响，以及不同生活场景下的健康相关问题，倡导积极健康的生活方式。 P1：《Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight》：指出以减肥为主要目的的运动效果有限，分析运动减肥效果不佳的原因，如运动消耗热量少、身体会通过增加食欲等方式补偿，倡导关注健康而非体重的运动观念。 P2：《Most people assume that life in the rat race is bad for your health...》：研究发现传统性别角色反转对男性健康有影响，男性成为家庭主夫会增加心脏病发作风险，分析原因如社会支持不足、男性低估家务劳动难度等，涉及生活角色与健康的关联。 P3：《Hannah and Alexander Laman》：虽主要讲双胞胎捐赠书籍，但文中提及阅读对儿童成长的重要性，阅读作为一种健康的生活习惯，能丰富知识、提升素养，从侧面体现健康生活方式的构建。 Passage 1 【来源】2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．backfire B．compensate      C． extend  D．impressive    E. meaningful F. measure G. needle  H. overall  I. perceive J. punishment  K. typically Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well 1 . For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is 2 ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda. Studies 3 show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself. When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not 4 . Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months. In studies where exercise has produced 5 weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often 6 by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed. Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into 7 . How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner? The point is that we’re more likely to 8 exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger. Of course, the benefits of physical activity 9 well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy. By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the 10 on the scale. 【答案】 1．A 2．K 3．H 4．D 5．E 6．B 7．J 8．I 9．C 10．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么不应该通过运动来减肥的几个原因。 1．考查动词。句意：但如果主要是为了减肥，你的新年决心很可能适得其反。分析句子可知，空前为情态动词could，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，同时被副词well所修饰，backfire“适得其反”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 2．考查副词。句意：首先，运动——至少是我们大多数人做的那种——对减肥通常是无效的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词ineffective，typically“通常”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。 3．考查副词。句意：总的来说，研究表明，做中等强度的有氧运动，比如每天步行30分钟，每周五天——这是保持身体健康的推荐量——通常只会产生很少或根本没有减肥效果。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词show，overall“总的来说”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 4．考查形容词。句意：当适度的运动加入到饮食中，结果同样不令人印象深刻。分析句子可知，空前为are系动词，此处应为形容词作表语，impressive“令人印象深刻的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 5．考查形容词。句意：在一些研究中，锻炼产生了显著的减肥效果，参与者每周坚持五天或更长时间，每次锻炼至少燃烧400到500卡路里。分析句子可知，空后weight loss为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，meaningful“有意义的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 6．考查动词。句意：即使我们付出了那么多的努力，我们的身体也会通过增加食欲和降低新陈代谢来进行补偿，随着时间的推移，这些影响会限制我们减掉的体重。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，compensate“补偿”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 7．考查名词。句意：也许通过锻炼来减肥的最大问题是，它把体育锻炼变成了一种惩罚。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语turn sth into sth“把……变成……”，所以此处为名词形式，punishment“惩罚”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：关键是，当我们关注自己的健康而不是体重时，我们更有可能积极地看待运动，并真正去做。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do，所以此处为动词形式，perceive“看待”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查动词。句意：当然，体育锻炼的好处远远不止这些。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，extend“扩展，伸出”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 10．考查名词。句意：但是为了提高成功的几率，把注意力集中在运动如何帮助你在身体和情感上感觉更好，而忘记它是如何在体重秤上移动指针的。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处应为名词形式，needle“指针”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市金山区华师大三附中2018-2019学年高一上英语10月月考英语试题 Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Most people assume that life in the rat race is bad for your health.But reversing the traditional gender roles is a stressful 121 , according to the latest research by American scientists. By giving up their jobs in order to become house husbands, men 1 their risk of heart attacks by as much as 82%, according to research based on a 10-year study of 2,500 people in Boston, USA． According to Dr Eaker, the key to the problem is that some man became 123 about performing a role not 2 assigned to them by society. Men who stay at home tend not to have the same levels of support from fiends and family as women who do the same. Jack O’Sullivan, of the Father’s Direct group, was quoted as saying: “Society expects the main carer to be a woman, and society is 3 around that. Daycare is called mother and toddle groups and some men feel 4 about belong to those groups.” Professor Gary Cooper, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, said many men tend to 5 the task of caring for a family. He said:“Most men think being a house husband involves putting on a bit of washing , taking the kids to school and then putting their feet up with a cup of coffee. They are crazy. Most men are not used to performing a 6 of activities at the same time-the kind of multi-tasking which is second 7 to most of women.” It is estimated that men have taken over the main homemaker’s role in one seven homes, as increasing numbers of women become the main breadwinner. The study also found that women in high-powered jobs were more likely to develop heart disease than those in more 8 positions. 【答案】 1．F 2．K 3．A 4．H 5．G 6．I 7．B 8．E 9．C 10．J 【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了从性别上转变传统意义上的角色任务分配，比如男性作为“家庭主夫”照顾孩子是一件有压力的事情。 1．考查名词。句意：但是根据美国科学家的最新研究，改变传统的性别角色是一件有压力的事情。 空之前为a stressful, 为不定冠词+形容词结构，之后应接名词，根据句意和语境理解，F项business，意为“事情”符合分析，故选F项。 2．考查动词和句子结构。句意：根据美国波士顿一项对2500人进行的一项为期10年的研究，男性为了成为家庭丈夫而放弃工作，其心脏病发作的风险增加了82%。men 为句子主语，之后应接谓语动词，且与之后宾语their risk 搭配，K项increase 为动词，意为“增加”，可构成increase the risk of 固定结构，意为“增加…的风险”。故选K项。 3．考查形容词。句意：根据埃克博士的说法，问题的关键在于，一些男性对履行社会赋予他们的传统职责感到压力很大。became 为连系动词，之后接形容词做表语。根据句意和语境理解，此处应表达因为扮演一个传统上不是由社会分配给他们的角色而感到压力。且与之前提到“reversing the traditional gender roles is a stressful business”相呼应。A项stressed 形容词，意为“有压力的”。故选A项。 4．考查副词。句意：根据埃克博士的说法，问题的关键在于，一些男性对履行社会赋予他们的传统职责感到压力很大。分析句子可知，not_____4_____ assigned to them by society作之前 a role 的后置定语，所填空应修饰动词assigned，选择副词形式。根据句意和语境，跟前文reversing the traditional gender roles相照应。可知，H项traditionally 副词，意为“传统上；习惯上”，符合语境要求，故选H项。 5．考查动词和被动语态。句意：社会期望主要的照顾者是女性，而社会正是围绕着这一点构建的。分析句子可知，society 为主语，理解为社会被构建,即句子应为被动结构。因句中已有“is”存在，故选择“done”形式。structure做动词，“组织，安排”，be structured around，围绕...安排/进行G项，structured， 为动词structure“构建”的过去分词形式，符合语境语义要求，故选G项。 6．考查形容词。句意：托儿所被称为母婴团体，一些男人为属于这些群体感到尴尬。feel 为感官系动词，之后接形容词作表语。I项embarrassed 形容词，意为“尴尬的”，符合语境分析和要求，故选I项。 7．考查动词和固定结构。句意：曼彻斯特大学的心理学家加里·库珀教授说，许多男人往往低估了照顾家庭的任务。空之前为tend to ,此处考查不定式结构，即tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”，需选择动词原形。因此，结合语境分析，B项underestimate 为动词，意为“低估”，符合语境要求。故选B项。 8．考查名词和固定结构。句意：大多数男性不习惯在同一时间做很多不同的事情，而这是大多数女性的第二天性。 a_______ of 结构中不定冠词之后接名词，且与之后的of 一起构成固定搭配，意为“很多”。E项variety 为名词，意为“多样；种类”，可构成固定结构a variety of =various。故选E项。 9．考查名词。句意：大多数男性不习惯在同一时间做很多不同的事情，而这是大多数女性的第二天性。 second为序数词，之后接名词形式。根据前一句，大多数男性不能同时做多种任务，与此相对，女性比较擅长，这是女性的天性所致。因此，选项C nature 为名词，意为“（人或动物的）秉性或天性”，与second搭配，意为“第二天性”，符合语境需求。故选C项。 10．考查形容词。句意：研究还发现，从事高权力工作的女性比从事低级职位的女性更容易患心脏病。空之后为positions，名词形式，因此空应为形容词形式，且之前有more存在，之后可接双音节或多音节形容词构成比较级。J项 junior“级别低的，职位低的，初级的”，与前文high-powered jobs相照应，符合语境需求。故选J项。 Passage 3 话题 6 社会公益与文化传承 围绕社会公益活动、文化遗产保护、文化传播等展开，展现个人或组织在公益事业、文化传承中的努力与影响。 P1：《Hannah and Alexander Laman》：讲述 11 岁双胞胎 Hannah 和 Alexander Laman 因热爱阅读，创立 “Adopt A Book” 组织，向有需要的学校和项目捐赠书籍，还通过 “小免费图书馆” 促进儿童识字，体现公益精神与对阅读文化的推广。 P2：《Black Myth: Wukong, China’s first 3A game becomes a global hit》：介绍中国首款 3A 游戏《黑神话：悟空》全球走红，该游戏基于中国经典传说《西游记》改编，带动相关书籍、电视剧的传播，促进山西等地的旅游发展，体现文化 IP 的传承与创新及对文化传播的推动。 P3：《There’s been a warning about the immediate death of literate civilization...》：讨论尽管面临电影、电视、互联网等冲击，文字阅读并未消亡反而蓬勃发展，强调文学在理解快速变化世界中的重要性，呼吁保护文学阅读这一文化传承方式，避免碎片化阅读带来的负面影响。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市崇明中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ignore       B．created    C． donating    D．opportunity    E. pick    F. purchase G. promoting    H. recycle    I. rewarding    J. serving       K. started Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio, love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 1 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not,” Hannah said. So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have access to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t 2 . In 2011, they 3 Adopt A Book, an organisation that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 4 by sharing their own books, and then the organisation grew by taking book donations from others. So far, the twins’ organisation has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 5 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe. With a successful book- 6 organisation that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 7 literacy for children through their Little Free Library. “The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book.” the twins’ mum, Angela, explained. This has encouraged many kids and adults to 8 their reading materials and also encourage others to read. The twins have received many rewards through improving literacy. “Other kids have the 9 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 10 part of sharing books with others.” said Hannah. Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference! 【答案】 1．E 2．A 3．B 4．K 5．J 6．C 7．G 8．H 9．D 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个月度杰出孩子——汉娜和亚历山大·拉曼。 1．考查动词。句意：他们都非常喜欢读书，几乎不可能找到他们最喜欢的书。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是pick意为“挑选”符合语境。故选E。 2．考查动词。句意：因此，当这两个年轻的书虫听说有些孩子没有机会读书时，他们认为这是一个他们不能忽视的问题。空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是ignore意为“忽视”符合语境。故选A。 3．考查动词。句意：2011年，他们创立了Adopt A Book，一个向有需要的学校和项目捐赠书籍的组织。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据时间状语In 2011可知，用一般过去时，根据句意，应是created意为“创立”符合语境。故选B。 4．考查动词。句意：他们从分享自己的书开始，然后这个组织通过接受别人的书籍捐赠而发展壮大。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是start意为“开始”符合语境，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故选K。 5．考查动词。句意：到目前为止，这对双胞胎的组织已经向学校捐赠了超过45000本书，并为从辛辛那提到遥远的津巴布韦的需要帮助的孩子们提供了服务。根据语境可知，此处应是serve意为“为……服务”符合语境，本句已有谓语动词，所以serve用非谓语形式，位于谓语后，用动名词形式。故选J。 6．考查动词。句意：随着一家成功的图书捐赠组织不断扩张，这两个孩子的未来会是怎样的呢？根据句意，此处应是donate意为“捐赠”符合语境，空前是连词符号，用非谓语形式，和book是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选C。 7．考查动词。句意：汉娜和亚历山大正在通过他们的小免费图书馆促进儿童识字。根据句意，此处应是promote意为“促进”符合语境，此处描述正在发生的事，用现在进行时，空前已有be动词，用现在分词形式。故选G。 8．考查动词。句意：这鼓励了许多孩子和成年人回收他们的阅读材料，也鼓励其他人阅读。空前的to是不定时的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是recycle意为“回收”符合语境。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：其他孩子有机会阅读和拥有自己的书。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是opportunity意为“机会”符合语境。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：“其他孩子有机会阅读和拥有自己的书。这是与他人分享书籍最有价值的部分，”汉娜说。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是rewarding意为“值得的，有意义的”符合题意。故选I。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．requests  B．fueled  C． wave  D．essence  E. extending  F. sacred  G. based  H. tapped  I. boom  J. lifting  K. sought-after Black Myth: Wukong, China’s first 3A game becomes a global hit The debut (首次亮相) of Black Myth: Wukong, the first Chinese-made AAA game, sparked a global sensation and drove demand across various industries since its global debut on Tuesday, 1 its reach far beyond Chinese players and the gaming industry.   The popularity of the action role-playing game of the Monkey King Wukong, 2 on the Chinese legend Journey to the West, ignited (点燃) a “Monkey 3 ” on international social media, revitalized a 40-year-old TV drama among foreign audiences, and boosted demand for tourism, hardware and related stocks.   Books and TV dramas about the Journey to the West were recommended among overseas communities to better understand the 4 of the Wukong game. The 1986 TV drama was often mentioned and suggested on social media like Instagram.   Moreover, the game’s success 5 demand for tourism while driving up the value of related stocks in the publishing and hardware sectors.   Black Myth: Wukong was filmed at 36 scenic spots in China, with up to 27 locations in Shanxi Province. The search 6 for Shanxi destinations surged over 20 percent, according to Trip.com, China’s largest tourism platform. The most 7 spots in Shanxi are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong; Mount Wutai, a 8 Buddhist mountain; and the ancient city of Pingyao. All three destinations are UNESCO World Heritage sites.   Shanxi is not alone in benefiting from the surge in tourism, as many other provinces and cities have joined the race to attract travelers by riding the video game’s 9 of popularity. China has a profound history, and has culture yet to be fully 10 by modern technologies and ideas. The success of Black Myth and the popularity of “set-jetting” tourism will boost the confidence of domestic companies and create more products with cultural, social and economic benefits. 【答案】 1．E 2．G 3．I 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．K 8．F 9．C 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了《黑神话：悟空》这部网游风靡全球。 1．考查动词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》是第一款中国制造的AAA级游戏，自周二在全球首次亮相以来，引发了全球轰动，并推动了各个行业的需求，其影响力远远超出了中国玩家和游戏行业。根据空后的“its reach far beyond Chinese players and the gaming industry”可知，这里指其影响范围扩大，extend意为“扩大，扩展”，为及物动词，和逻辑主语Black Myth: Wukong之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选E。 2．考查动词。句意：根据中国传说《西游记》改编的动作角色扮演游戏《悟空》的流行，在国际社交媒体上引发了“猴子热潮”，使一部40年前的电视剧在外国观众中重新焕发活力，并促进了对旅游、五金和相关股票的需求。根据空后的“on the Chinese legend Journey to the West”可知，这里指这部游戏以中国传说《西游记》为基础改编而成，base意为“以……为基础”，这里the Monkey King Wukong和base之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故选G。 3．考查名词。句意参考上题。根据“ignited (点燃)”可知，这里表示引发了“猴子热潮”，应用名词boom，意为“流行，繁荣”。故选I。 4．考查名词。句意：关于《西游记》的书籍和电视剧在海外社区被推荐，以更好地了解悟空游戏的本质。根据“Books and TV dramas about the Journey to the West”和“better understand”可知，推荐《西游记》书籍和电视剧是为了帮助海外玩家更好地理解这款游戏的本质。空前有the，这里应用名词。essence意为“本质，精髓”。故选D。 5．考查动词。句意：此外，该游戏的成功推动了旅游业的需求，同时推高了出版和五金行业相关股票的价值。根据空后的“demand for tourism”和上文中的“drove demand”可知，这里指推动需求。fuel意为“增强，加强”，结合上下文可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：根据中国最大的旅游平台携程的数据，山西目的地的搜索请求激增了20%以上。surged是谓语，The search 　　6　　for Shanxi destinations作主语，这里表示山西目的地的搜索请求。request意为“请求”，用复数形式。故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：山西最受欢迎的景点是大同云冈石窟；五台山，佛教圣山；平遥古城。空处作定语修饰spots，应用形容词，这里表示最受欢迎的景点。sought-after意为“广受欢迎的”。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意参考上题。空处作定语修饰Buddhist mountain，应用形容词。根据空后的“Buddhist mountain”可知，这里指神圣的佛山。sacred意为“神圣的”。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：山西并不是唯一一个从旅游业激增中受益的省份，因为许多其他省市也加入了通过搭乘这款电子游戏的流行浪潮来吸引游客的竞赛中。空前有“the video game’s”，空处应用名词。根据riding和空后的“of popularity”可知，这里指搭乘这部游戏的流星浪潮。wave意为“波浪，风潮”。故选C。 10．考查动词。句意：中国有着悠久的历史，有文化尚未被现代技术和思想充分挖掘。根据“has culture yet to be fully”和“by modern technologies and ideas”可知，这里指有文化尚未被现代技术和思想充分挖掘。tap意为“利用，开发”，为及物动词。空前有be，这里表示被动，空处应用过去分词。故选H。 Passage 3 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digest    B．survived    C． barely    D．resemble    E. literate    F. unlimited G. thinking    H. connectivity    I. arguably    J. remade    K. evaluation There’s been a warning about the immediate death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to bring disaster for the written world. None did. Reading 1 ; in fact, it has thrived. The world is more 2 than ever before — there are more and more readers, and more books. The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry about. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has 3 shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Amazon’s Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book. As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are now available. Inter-connectivity allows for a reading experience that was 4 imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with a(n) 5 number of links: to texts, pictures and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history and philosophy will 6 nothing seen in the past. On the other hand, there is the danger of underestimating. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “ 7 ” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation (碎片化) of reading. There is the danger that the high- speed 8 of the internet will reduce our attention span — that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep 9 . In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be 10 each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature, and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology as well as make sense of a dynamic yet confusing world. 【答案】 1．B 2．E 3．I 4．C 5．F 6．D 7．A 8．H 9．G 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了尽管面临数字化和电子化革命的冲击以及技术带来的新型阅读和写作方式，文学和文字阅读并未消亡反而蓬勃发展，但同时也需警惕碎片化阅读的危险，强调文学在理解快速变化世界中的重要性。 1．考查动词时态。句意：阅读幸存了下来；事实上，它还在蓬勃发展。根据后文的“in fact，it has thrived”可知，阅读并没有消亡，反而蓬勃发展。设空处使用动词作谓语，表示“幸存，继续存在”用survive，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时即survived。故选B。 2．考查形容词。句意：这个世界比以往任何时候都更有文化——读者越来越多，书籍也越来越多。设空处应该使用形容词作表语，描述世界的特点。根据后文的“there are more and more reader，and more books”可知，世界上有越来越多的读者和书籍，说明世界变得更加有文化、有知识。literate意为“有文化的，有知识的”符合语境。故选E。 3．考查副词。句意：过去二十年的电子和数字革命可以说为阅读和写作指明了前进的方向。设空处使用副词作状语修饰动词。arguably表示“可以争辩地，可以说”符合语境。故选I。 4．考查副词。句意：互联性提供了一种以前几乎无法想象的阅读体验。设空处使用副词修饰形容词作状语。barely意为“几乎不，勉强”符合语境。故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意：传统的书籍只能靠照片和插图来凑合，而电子书可以为读者提供无限数量的链接：文本、图片和视频。此处表示“电子书可以为读者提供无限数量的链接”。unlimited意为“无限的”符合语境，作定语。故选F。 6．考查动词时态。句意：在未来，人们写小说、历史和哲学的方式将与过去完全不同。设空处使用动词与空前的will构成一般将来时。此处表示“在未来，人们写小说、历史和哲学的方式将与过去完全不同”。resemble意为“相似”符合语境。故选D。 7．考查名词。句意：一个推特群组为其关注者提供了几部伟大小说的单句“摘要”。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示“推特群提供伟大小说的单句‘摘要’”。digest表示“摘要”符合语境。故选A。 8．考查名词。句意：有一种危险是，互联网的高速连接将缩短我们的注意力持续时间——我们将无法阅读任何长度或需要深入思考的东西。设空处使用名词作主语。句子表示“互联网的高速连接性可能会降低我们的注意力跨度”。connectivity意为“连接性”符合语境。故选H。 9．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处使用名词作宾语。此处表示“我们可能无法阅读任何有长度或需要深入思考的内容”。thinking意为“思考”符合语境。故选G。 10．考查形容词。句意：在这样一个瞬息万变的世界里，现实似乎每天都在被重塑，我们需要有能力集中注意力，理解发生在我们身上的事情。设空处使用形容词作表语，此处表示“现实似乎每天都在被重塑”。remade意为“被重塑的”符合语境。故选J。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 选词填空题 话题1 语言与文化现象 话题4 社会消费与商业现象 话题2 人工智能与科技应用 话题5 健康与生活方式 话题3 科学研究与动物智能 话题6 社会公益与文化传承 话题 1 语言与文化现象 聚焦语言使用中的问题、语言与文化的关联以及语言在不同场景下的体现，探讨语言演变、文化对语言的影响等。 P1：《The Problem of Totally Epic Language Inflation》：论述语言膨胀现象，即 “epic”“brilliant” 等流行词汇的含义被弱化，数字表达也存在过度夸张的情况，导致语言意义贬值，还提及不同时代对词汇意义的影响及语言与精神文化的关联。 P2：讲述学习并非人类所独有，新的技术环境要求我们以多种方式改变我们的教育方式。 P3：《Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed...》：引用培根《论研究》中的观点，探讨书籍阅读方式与知识获取的关系，分析培根与蒙田散文风格的差异，展现语言在文学创作、知识传递中的作用，涉及英语散文发展的文化背景。 P4:《Would legal doping change the Olympics?》：虽主要讨论兴奋剂与奥运会，但文中涉及对 “doping（兴奋剂）” 相关概念的界定、不同观点的表达，以及体育文化中对公平、规则的语言表述，从侧面反映语言在体育文化领域的应用。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ease  B．fitting  C． force  D．modest  E. precisely  F. primarily G. robbed  H. awesome  I. encounter  J. starving  K. warned The Problem of Totally Epic Language Inflation Stan Carey recently wrote a short blog about language inflation, which ultimately creates devaluation in meaning. Today, popular expressions like epic and brilliant are used to express a more 1 meaning than their traditional uses. Brilliant actually means clever, and epic actually means surprising. Such is our desire to elevate words with power and importance, that we use hyperbole (夸张) to draw attention. The same tendency can be seen in numbers as well. Once giving 110% became cliché, people started insisting that they give 210%, 310%, and on and on. To create even more 2 behind the phrase, people will also throw in a literally. I literally gave 210%. This is no new trend. My generation destroyed words like awesome and totally. My parents and grandparents 3 of meaning words like incredible, wonderful, and fantastic. Irish novelist C． S. Lewis expressed concern over language inflation: “Don’t say infinitely when you mean very; otherwise, you’ll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite.” And this is 4 where we find ourselves right now. We have no words 5 when we want to say that something truly is awe-inspiring. This can also make it all the more difficult for modern readers to connect with older books. Particularly, it can cheapen our understanding of the Scriptures (圣经). As a child of the 80s, I was never at 6 calling God awesome, because as far as I knew, it meant something much less great. If my sunglasses are totally awesome, I need some other word for God! Our souls are 7 in the current culture. We neglect the spiritual aspects of our own existence more and more. It makes sense that the language would reflect that as well. Caring 8 for our physical needs, we run across fewer moments that inspire us with true awe. Those emotions would require a(n) 9 with the significant and the time to contemplate (沉思) it. But who’s got the time or the desire for that? We’ll settle for (将就) pretty good experiences and call them totally 10 . Passage 2 【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in the blank with a proper word chosen from the box: Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dating        B．critically      C． covers      D．practically      E.  consists     AB．sinking  AC． physically   AD．deliver       AE. stick     BC． adapt          BD．approach Learning is not unique to humans. Scientists have observed many different animals teaching their young skills like how to find food and keep themselves safe. Among humans, educational practices can be traced back 1 as far as human life goes. Evidence of teaching and learning has been found from remnants of human life 2 back thousands of years BCE — and that’s just where we’ve found written evidence. Oral and practical education (for example, early humans 3 teaching their children to hunt for food) likely go back even further. Learning has continued all over the world throughout the history of human life, in more ways than we have time to write about here. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which refers to the rapid rise of new technologies, will have a massive impact on how we as a global society will 4 education in the future. Life in this new technological landscape demands that we change our 5 to education in a number of ways. To face a future of constant technological change, we’ll need to 6 to continuous learning as a new norm. In his book Future Shock, US writer and businessperson Alvin Toffler wrote that “the illiterate of the 21st Century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn and relearn.” The future of education 7 in integrating continuous learning into our everyday personal and professional lives even more than we already do. This might be why the Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra has proposed that compulsory, publicly funded education 8 not just elementary school — as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights puts forward — but continuous learning, too. Sitra cites US American biologist E. O. Wilson, who said “We are 9 in information, but we long for wisdom. Therefore, the world will be led by those who are able to collect the correct information at precisely the right moment while thinking 10 and making important decisions wisely.” Passage 3 【来源】上海市同济大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．assuming B．collection C． detailing D．digested E. exhibits F. expands G. lends  H. pointed I. promise J. ready K. wander Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and 1 . This line has been taken from the famous essay “Of Studies”, written by Francis Bacon. In his classic essay, Bacon explains how and why study — knowledge — is important. Along with Michel de Montaigne, who published his first essays less than twenty years before Francis Bacon published his first 2 in 1597. Bacon is considered the father of the English essay, with Montaigne the father of the French essay. Bacon’s essays differ from Montaigne’s in being more concise and formal. Where Montaigne conceived of the essays as an opportunity to explore a subject through mental association and a casual 3 of the mind, Bacon viewed the essay as an opportunity to offer advice. In “Of Studies”, Bacon lays out the value of knowledge in practical terms. Bacon considers to what use studies might be put. He is less interested in their theoretical 4 than in their practical utility—a natural tendency more English, perhaps, than French. Bacon’s writing in “Of Studies” is direct and 5 . It avoids the winding find-your-way free form of Montaigne’s essays. From his opening sentence Bacon gets directly to the point: “Studies serve for delight, for ornament (装饰), and for ability.” He then 6 on how studies are useful in these three ways. And he wastes no words in 7 the use of “studies” for a Renaissance gentleman. One of the attractions of Bacon’s essay is his skillful use of parallel sentence structure, as exemplified in the sentences like: “Reading maketh full man; conference a(n) 8 man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer (商议) little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning (狡黠的), to seem to know that he doth not.” This stylistic technique 9 clarity and order to the writing, as in “crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them,” which straightforwardly 10 confidence and elegance in addition to clarity and emphasis. Passage4 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校等四校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cheats B．best C． distances D．disqualified E. discipline F. dismissed G. effect H. enduring I. ignored J. initial K. substantially Would legal doping change the Olympics? Trying to rid elite sport of drug cheats is an expensive and often thankless task. Competition organizers can never be sure that an event is clean: retests of samples from the Beijing and London games led to more than 100 medallists being 1 . A small minority—including Aron D’Souza, an Australian businessman—believe it is time to lift the ban and make drug-taking a legitimate means to boost performance. Mr. D’Souza plans to hold a doped competition, dubbed the Enhanced Games, in 2025. Most athletes have 2 his plan as absurd and dangerous. But he believes that doped competitors would beat plenty of official world records. Is that true? It could be, at least at first. Taking banned substances, such as anabolic steroids for strength events and hormones for high-intensity competitions, can improve performance, sometimes 3 . In athletics, the women’s world records for the 400m, shot put and discus are 39, 37 and 36 years old respectively. The records they replaced had stood for just two, three and four years. All three current records were set by athletes from countries where near-mandatory drug-taking was not uncommon. Their athletes also set long-standing records in men’s events and in other sports. Even significant improvements in training, nutrition and biomechanics over the past few decades have not allowed clean competitors to 4 them—but with drugs, they might. But legal doping would be unlikely to revolutionize sport in the way that proponents claim. If a new world record were set by a drug-taker, it would not mean that ever greater feats would follow—after the 5 boost, athletes’ chemically induced (导致) improvement would level off. Better drugs might be developed over time. But over the past few decades, new enhancing substances have not guaranteed victory for 6 over clean athletes, nor over old-school dopers, as the 7 records from the long-ago Olympics show. Athletes would probably continue to chip away at records, relying, as they do now, on a mix of factors to set them apart: technique, nutrition, coaching and innate physical gifts, such as the optimal mix of muscle fibres for their 8 , or a higher red-blood-cell count. If doping were legalized, it would in 9 become compulsory: few athletes with serious designs on winning titles would cede what could be a decisive advantage to their rivals. That might make times and 10 a little more impressive—but it would not revolutionize the Olympics. Many would argue that even if performances improved, the games would not. 话题 2 人工智能与科技应用 涵盖人工智能技术的发展、应用场景、面临的问题及对相关行业的影响，展现科技与生活、行业的结合。 P1：《Moral Considerations of Artificial Intelligence》：讨论人工智能发展中如何将人类价值观转化为可编程代码，让 AI 可靠运行，提及 AI 学习人类价值观的方式、开发中存在的测试不足等问题，以及解决 AI 伦理问题的方法。 P2：《Creating colorful objects on a screen at high speed wasn’t the original purpose...》：介绍图形处理器（GPU）从最初用于游戏视觉处理，到后来在视频编辑、加密货币挖掘、人工智能训练等领域的应用，以及 AI 对游戏行业的影响，如辅助游戏设计、难度评估等。 P3：《How do AI chatbots answer my questions》：解释 AI 聊天机器人的工作原理，即通过预测下一个单词来生成回答，以具体例子说明其处理信息、得出答案的过程，提及语言模型对知识的需求及学习方式。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市第三女子中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words or phrases in the boxes. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need in each of the passage. A．addressed    B．proper    C． course    D．translated    E. custom    F. pattern G. instruction    H. sufficient    I. complicated    J. available    K. reliable Moral Considerations of Artificial Intelligence As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly 1 , there is a growing concern that robots could become a threat to human beings in the near future. However, this danger can be 2 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, by figuring out how to turn human values into programmable codes that robots can understand. In other words, if human morals can be successfully 3 into AI language, the AI machines will then perform in a trustworthy way. Normally, robots learn human values by drawing a common 4 from large sets of data on human behaviors. So, the robot designers and programmers must be extremely careful while they are “teaching” the machines. It is of great necessity to set out human values as clear rules during the 5 of creating more advanced AI machines. Recently, some robots have already been programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots in hotels are programmed to keep a(n) 6 distance from humans. Obviously, there are cultural differences in social distancing, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you would feel uncomfortable and wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a well-educated person would do. Another concern about AI development is that manufacturers may fail to do 7 testing before production to help robots cope with unexpected situations. For instance, if we humans are not quite sure about the correctness of a decision, we would go and ask somebody else. Nevertheless, this kind of human intelligence has not been 8 to AI machines. It remains unknown whether the robot will choose to conduct or stop an unethical 9 , such as throwing away a lovely pet. In order to solve the problem, one simple check is to write a code that the robots will make some noises like beeps if any unusual circumstances appear. In conclusion, the most challenging step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we human beings believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots and AI technologies could become further 10 soon. Passage 2 【来源】上海市吴淞中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中试卷英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．aiming  B．applications  C． edge  D．assessing  E. established  F. exceptionally  G. extensive  H. favor  I. emerged  J. highlight  K. significantly Creating colorful objects on a screen at high speed wasn’t the original purpose of computer central processing units (CPUs). To address this, arcade machine (街头游戏机) manufacturers introduced the graphics-processing unit(GPU), specifically designed for handling video game visuals alongside the CPU’s tasks. Over time, GPUs found 1 beyond gaming, including video editing, cryptocurrency (加密货币) mining, and more recently, artificial intelligence (AI) training. AI is now making waves in the very industry it 2 from, with generative AI disrupting entertainment, especially the gaming sector. According to a venture-capital firm, the interactive nature of games, which requires 3 content design, stands to benefit the most from AI. This technology can 4 reduce both time and budget restrictions in game development. Recent developments showcased at the Game Developers Conference 5 how AI is being integrated into the gaming world. Ubisoft unveiled Ghostwriter, a tool for generating a platform that uses text commands for game material creation. Even personalized AI-driven commentary for games, like Straight4 Studios’ “GTR Revival,” is becoming a reality. Major game developers such as King and Electronic Arts are embracing AI for tasks like 6 difficulty levels and game testing. Unity, a game development engine, plans to create a marketplace for Al tools, 7 to level the playing field for developers of all resource levels. Despite the rise of AI, big studios remain relevant. While AI may enable smaller firms to explore new game quickly, larger studios can maintain their 8 with more high-quality releases. The increasing choices in the gaming industry, similar to the music and video sectors, might 9 those with significant marketing budgets. Additionally, 10 studios may have better solutions for the copyright challenges surrounding AI-generated content. Passage 3 【来源】上海市洋泾中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．auto-complete B．determine C．essentially D．grammatical E.grouped F.indicating G.instructions H.likely I.resembles J.define K.advanced How do AI chatbots answer my questions Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are 1 an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models-a kind of algorithm (算法)trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written 2 that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentence it comes across to 3 the answer. Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI Chabot: “The cat sat on the________.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make 4 sense.But it can’t be any noun-the cat can't sit on the “democracy," for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might 5 the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most 6 answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a Chabot “How are you?”, it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are. The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision 7 how the human brain behaves. “Simple as this task-predicting the most probable response-is, it actually requires an incredibly 8 knowledge of both how language works and how the world works, ” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to strictly 9 any rules or grammar for them to follow. An Al chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters 10 together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases. 话题 3 科学研究与动物智能 围绕动物的认知能力、科学实验及相关研究展开，展现动物在学习、计算等方面的潜在能力及科学研究的发现与争议。 P1：《Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic》：研究表明蜜蜂虽大脑小但很聪明，能理解零的概念、正确指出物体数量大小，还能进行加减法等精确数字计算，同时提及不同学者对蜜蜂是否真有数学运算概念的争议。 P2：《In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus...》：通过让健康志愿者接触感冒或流感病毒的实验，发现性格开朗、情绪积极的人更不容易生病，探讨积极情绪风格对免疫系统和疾病抵抗的影响。 P3：《Birdman of Los Angeles》：介绍专业鸟类行为学家 Chan Quach 训练金刚鹦鹉的方法，包括培养亲密关系、进行自由飞行训练等，展现鹦鹉的学习能力与行为特点，同时提及外界对其训练方式的争议。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市松江区第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need A．acquire    B．adding    C．alternative    D．cautious    E．company    F．correctly G．essential    H．persistently    I．processing    J．rule    K．survival Spelling Bees? No, But They Can Do Arithmetic Honeybees can learn to add and abstract, according to research showing that while the insects have tiny brains, they are still surprisingly clever. Researchers behind the study have previously found that honeybees can apparently understand the concept of zero, and learn to 1 indicate which of two groups of objects is the smaller. But now they say insects can learn to carry out exact numerical calculations such as adding and subtracting a given number. “Their brain can manage a long-term 2 and apply that to a mathematical problem to come up with a correct answer,” said Dr. Adrian Dyer, co-author of the research from RMIT University in Australia. “That is a different type of number 3 .” If the team are right, the insects are in good 4 . While it was once thought that only humans could manage such calculations, the authors note recent research has revealed an enormous number of creatures can keep track of numbers or even add or subtract. The team say the latest research adds to a growing body of evidence that language is not 5 for learning how to manipulate numbers. And there’s more. “It is teaching us a lot about what brains can do and what necessary structures you might need in brains to achieve certain outcomes,” said Dyer. However, Paul Graham, professor of neuroethology at the University of Sussex, was 6 , and said it was not clear that the bees really did have a concept of mathematical operations, or even numbers. “In reality, you don’t really know what the animal has done, because you are not investigating how it is doing it,” he said, 7 it was hard to design an experiment to exclude other simpler explanations for the bees’ behaviour. Writing in the journal Science Advances, Dyer said the prevalence (普遍性) of numerical competence across the animal kingdom was “suspicious”, leading him to believe it might be a widespread phenomenon in animals that aids 8 . However, he added it was difficult to test this, and said there was a(n) 9 explanation-the real phenomenon is the ability to make associations and solve problems, rather than have or 10 numerical skills. Passage 2 【来源】上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exposed     B．containing      C． conditions    D．based    E. style   F. data G. enhancing       H. resist     I. definitely     J. frequently    K. complete In an experiment that 1 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny temper were less likely to fall ill. The findings were built on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to 2 the common cold and other illness. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness 3 immune function and subjective as in happy people being less disturbed by a sore throat or running nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have active immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their ilness as being less severe.” Actually, 34 on the previous study results, Cohen and his colleagues have been 35 certain that pleasant people are, for most cases, less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether a person’s character itself brings about the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults 4 standard measures of personality tendency, self-conscious health and emotional “style”. Those who tend to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional 5 while those who were often unhappy, tense and opposed had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal (鼻子的) drops 6 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six years, the researchers collected 7 like daily mucus (唾液) protection. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective analysis of nose 8 , happy people were less likely to develop a cold. Passage 3 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．expose   B．fastened   C． aggression   D．commanding   E. cautiously   F. stimulation   G. vulnerable H. obediently  I. imprison   J. dedicated   K modeling Birdman of Los Angeles As he throws his outstretched arms toward the sky, Chan Quach’s six royal blue and fire- engine red macaws (金刚鹦鹉) pump their wings. Even more impressive is when upon command, one by one, his majestic hyacinth macaws — the world’s largest parrots by length — return 1 to land on his arms. Quach is a professional bird behaviorist focused on treating and preventing problematic behaviors by pet birds. He spent 15 years training birds, 2 proper behavior to his birds when they are young.“Parrots are like eternal toddlers — they are smart, curious. and bore easily, so you have to keep a close eye on them and provide them with regular 153 His core belief of training birds is the importance of building unbreakable bonds with them— similar to owners’ trust in their dogs. Quach’s birds are allowed to sleep cage less on perches (栖木) in his bedroom.“ They very 3 creep onto my body just after sunrise, and soon I’m covered in six birds,” says Quach. Proper bird behavior training are vital because “an unhappy bird can experience psychosis, which can lead to 4 , feather plucking, even eating themselves, which is very scary.” Free flying, a kind of training practice, is growing in popularity — the TikTok hashtag # free flight birds has more than 540 million views. The practice has its critics, who argue that free flights 5 pet birds to dangers including predators, power lines and bad weather. However, Quach free flies his macaws without using a GPS or telemetry tracker 6 to their tail feathers or wrapped around an ankle. Other owners have told Quach it’s irresponsible to fly expensive and endangered birds without using technology for the bird’s safety. But Quach’s technique of free flying his birds together as a flock provides safety in numbers, he says, and the birds also help call each other back when it’s time to return. His hyacinth macaws are listed as 7 on a renowned risk- assessment tool for species extinction, which has led to even more criticism of his free- flying practices. However, he says, “I don’t acquire or collect birds to 8 them. I want them to live their best lives, flying safely. If I can build a true friendship, that’s greater than anything technology can offer me.” “He’s very 9 to his birds,” says Lisa Woodworth of Eclectus Ark, a nonprofit bird resource and conservation institute. “While he does not fly them with transmitters, macaws are different from some other species of birds in that they have a very strong pair bond; they see him as the being they’ re linked with, so they return to him.” 话题 4 社会消费与商业现象 围绕消费行为、商业趋势、品牌发展及相关社会现象展开，分析消费观念、商业策略对市场和消费者的影响。 P1：《Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica》：介绍平价替代品（dupes）的流行对高端运动品牌 Lululemon Athletica 的冲击，分析消费者选择平价替代品的原因，如价格低、质量相近，以及 Lululemon 自身存在的产品问题导致消费者流失。 P2：《Wedding Bills》：阐述中国婚礼的现状，指出婚礼常成为赚钱活动，涉及婚礼费用承担、礼金习俗、婚礼照片拍摄等方面，反映当下社会婚礼中的消费观念和商业行为。 P3：《War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion》：讨论超市和生产商为减少塑料包装采取的措施，如真空包装肉类、取消部分塑料部件等，以及这些措施引发的消费者争议，体现社会对环保消费和商业包装的不同态度。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appealing B．bargains C． credited D．identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) 1 alternative, particularly for younger shoppers. That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica, the company that 2 high- end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm. “The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding 3 is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost 4 , so why pay more? The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of 5 that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too 6 and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to 7 seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties. Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, 8 the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium 9 and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have 10 a success.” Passage 2 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoringly   B．charging   C．exhausting   D．criticized   E．packaged F．physically   G．praised   H．transfer   I．stress   J．celebrate K．brainwashed Wedding Bills Girls are supposed to dream about it since childhood. When their big day arrives, walk like a princess with all their friends and family dressed to the nines, watching 1 in the audience. Growing up, little girls are 2 into believing that their wedding is the most important day of their lives. But real life isn’t directed by Disney and in reality. Weddings are anything but fairy tale. In China, weddings are 3 and more often than not, it’s a money-making event not just for the wedding planner, but also for the bride and groom. It’s all a transaction 4 in a white veil. So how’s a typical wedding in China different? First of all, in China, the groom’s family is expected to pay for the wedding. Weddings in China tend to be massive events, and the culture and local belief that the more people come to 5 , the more luck the couple will have plays a huge part in that . In the US, it’s common for the couple to have a gift registry. But in China, you bring cash in red envelopes. In recent years some bridesmaids have even been seen wearing QR codes around their necks for wedding guests to scan to 6 their wedding gift money. Online, some have 7 this trend as providing safety and convenience for the couple. Others call it tacky(俗气的), comparing it to 8 an admission fee to watch a spectacle. It’s also an unspoken custom in China that even if you can’t 9 attend someone’s wedding, your money is expected to make an appearance. Moving on to the wedding photos. In China when you arrive at the venue(场地), you’ll most likely see a giant poster of the couple in their wedding clothes. Here, there’s no such thing as bad luck for the groom to see the bride in her wedding dress before the big day, so most couples would take their wedding photos in a studio in advance. To be frank, I find this the most reasonable way to do it. There is already enough 10 on the wedding day, so why add to it by throwing a photo shoot in there too? Passage 3 【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．reassessing   B．implementation   C． resembled  D．crucially   E. eliminating   F. quantity G. boasted   H. trialing   I. distinctly   J. outnumbered   K. due War on plastic packaging divides consumer opinion First it was the yogurt pot lids, colored milk bottle top s and best-before labels removed in the name of the war on plastic. But when one supermarket sucked the air out of packets of meat, for some shoppers it was a bridge too far. Sainsbury’s had 1 a “supermarket first” but its vacuum-packed meat made some uncomfortable. Minus the air, meat becomes a dense red slice, with one customer complaining it 2 a body part, even if the packing method did cut 450 tomes of plastic a year. Supermarkets and manufacturers are rapidly 3 the packaging of every product in light of government collection and packaging reforms designed to slash waste. A deposit return scheme is 4 to start in Scotland this summer and in the rest of the U.K. in 2025. The measure also includes the introduction of a consistent household recycling scheme in England that will mandate (授权) local authorities to collect the same items and materials. The 5 date has yet to be confirmed. Another is the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, which requires manufacturers to pay the full cost of packaging waste. It kicked in this year with companies now required to collect data on the 6 of packaging they put on the market, with the first fees due to be collected in 2024. The major supermarkets are all signatories (签署方) to the U.K. Plastics Pact, led by the sustainability charity Wrap. It has set targets to hit by 2025 including 7 problem plastic and ensuring that 100% of plastic packaging can be reusable, recyclable or compostable (可用作堆肥的). In its annual report, Catherine David, director of the U.K. Plastics Pact, listed the wins, which included the removal of 620m plastic items from supermarket shelves since 2018; that rigid plastic packaging was now 92% recyclable and that nearly half of its members were 8 reuse and refill systems. The Guardian asked readers for their views on the packaging changes they were seeing and, 9 , whether they thought they were an improvement. While some steps, like the removal of plastic packaging from Easter egg boxes, were universally welcomed, readers said others might be wrong-headed. They questioned the removal of hard plastic lids from spill-prone yogurt and dip pots, and the decision to switch ice-cream out of plastic containers and into cardboard. A small number said they would be taking their meat business to Marks & Spencer or local butchers rather than buying vacuum-packed portions. But they were 10 by those who backed the change that Sainsbury’s said would stop 765,000 hard trays a year being thrown away. 话题 5 健康与生活方式 关注健康观念、生活习惯对健康的影响，以及不同生活场景下的健康相关问题，倡导积极健康的生活方式。 P1：《Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight》：指出以减肥为主要目的的运动效果有限，分析运动减肥效果不佳的原因，如运动消耗热量少、身体会通过增加食欲等方式补偿，倡导关注健康而非体重的运动观念。 P2：《Most people assume that life in the rat race is bad for your health...》：研究发现传统性别角色反转对男性健康有影响，男性成为家庭主夫会增加心脏病发作风险，分析原因如社会支持不足、男性低估家务劳动难度等，涉及生活角色与健康的关联。 P3：《Hannah and Alexander Laman》：虽主要讲双胞胎捐赠书籍，但文中提及阅读对儿童成长的重要性，阅读作为一种健康的生活习惯，能丰富知识、提升素养，从侧面体现健康生活方式的构建。 Passage 1 【来源】2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．backfire B．compensate      C． extend  D．impressive    E. meaningful F. measure G. needle  H. overall  I. perceive J. punishment  K. typically Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well 1 . For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is 2 ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda. Studies 3 show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself. When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not 4 . Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months. In studies where exercise has produced 5 weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often 6 by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed. Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into 7 . How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner? The point is that we’re more likely to 8 exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger. Of course, the benefits of physical activity 9 well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy. By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the 10 on the scale. Passage 2 【来源】上海市金山区华师大三附中2018-2019学年高一上英语10月月考英语试题 Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Most people assume that life in the rat race is bad for your health.But reversing the traditional gender roles is a stressful 121 , according to the latest research by American scientists. By giving up their jobs in order to become house husbands, men 1 their risk of heart attacks by as much as 82%, according to research based on a 10-year study of 2,500 people in Boston, USA． According to Dr Eaker, the key to the problem is that some man became 123 about performing a role not 2 assigned to them by society. Men who stay at home tend not to have the same levels of support from fiends and family as women who do the same. Jack O’Sullivan, of the Father’s Direct group, was quoted as saying: “Society expects the main carer to be a woman, and society is 3 around that. Daycare is called mother and toddle groups and some men feel 4 about belong to those groups.” Professor Gary Cooper, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, said many men tend to 5 the task of caring for a family. He said:“Most men think being a house husband involves putting on a bit of washing , taking the kids to school and then putting their feet up with a cup of coffee. They are crazy. Most men are not used to performing a 6 of activities at the same time-the kind of multi-tasking which is second 7 to most of women.” It is estimated that men have taken over the main homemaker’s role in one seven homes, as increasing numbers of women become the main breadwinner. The study also found that women in high-powered jobs were more likely to develop heart disease than those in more 8 positions. Passage 3 话题 6 社会公益与文化传承 围绕社会公益活动、文化遗产保护、文化传播等展开，展现个人或组织在公益事业、文化传承中的努力与影响。 P1：《Hannah and Alexander Laman》：讲述 11 岁双胞胎 Hannah 和 Alexander Laman 因热爱阅读，创立 “Adopt A Book” 组织，向有需要的学校和项目捐赠书籍，还通过 “小免费图书馆” 促进儿童识字，体现公益精神与对阅读文化的推广。 P2：《Black Myth: Wukong, China’s first 3A game becomes a global hit》：介绍中国首款 3A 游戏《黑神话：悟空》全球走红，该游戏基于中国经典传说《西游记》改编，带动相关书籍、电视剧的传播，促进山西等地的旅游发展，体现文化 IP 的传承与创新及对文化传播的推动。 P3：《There’s been a warning about the immediate death of literate civilization...》：讨论尽管面临电影、电视、互联网等冲击，文字阅读并未消亡反而蓬勃发展，强调文学在理解快速变化世界中的重要性，呼吁保护文学阅读这一文化传承方式，避免碎片化阅读带来的负面影响。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市崇明中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ignore       B．created    C． donating    D．opportunity    E. pick    F. purchase G. promoting    H. recycle    I. rewarding    J. serving       K. started Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio, love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 1 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not,” Hannah said. So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have access to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t 2 . In 2011, they 3 Adopt A Book, an organisation that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 4 by sharing their own books, and then the organisation grew by taking book donations from others. So far, the twins’ organisation has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 5 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe. With a successful book- 6 organisation that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 7 literacy for children through their Little Free Library. “The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book.” the twins’ mum, Angela, explained. This has encouraged many kids and adults to 8 their reading materials and also encourage others to read. The twins have received many rewards through improving literacy. “Other kids have the 9 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 10 part of sharing books with others.” said Hannah. Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference! Passage 2 【来源】上海市黄浦区上海市大同中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．requests  B．fueled  C． wave  D．essence  E. extending  F. sacred  G. based  H. tapped  I. boom  J. lifting  K. sought-after Black Myth: Wukong, China’s first 3A game becomes a global hit The debut (首次亮相) of Black Myth: Wukong, the first Chinese-made AAA game, sparked a global sensation and drove demand across various industries since its global debut on Tuesday, 1 its reach far beyond Chinese players and the gaming industry.   The popularity of the action role-playing game of the Monkey King Wukong, 2 on the Chinese legend Journey to the West, ignited (点燃) a “Monkey 3 ” on international social media, revitalized a 40-year-old TV drama among foreign audiences, and boosted demand for tourism, hardware and related stocks.   Books and TV dramas about the Journey to the West were recommended among overseas communities to better understand the 4 of the Wukong game. The 1986 TV drama was often mentioned and suggested on social media like Instagram.   Moreover, the game’s success 5 demand for tourism while driving up the value of related stocks in the publishing and hardware sectors.   Black Myth: Wukong was filmed at 36 scenic spots in China, with up to 27 locations in Shanxi Province. The search 6 for Shanxi destinations surged over 20 percent, according to Trip.com, China’s largest tourism platform. The most 7 spots in Shanxi are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong; Mount Wutai, a 8 Buddhist mountain; and the ancient city of Pingyao. All three destinations are UNESCO World Heritage sites.   Shanxi is not alone in benefiting from the surge in tourism, as many other provinces and cities have joined the race to attract travelers by riding the video game’s 9 of popularity. China has a profound history, and has culture yet to be fully 10 by modern technologies and ideas. The success of Black Myth and the popularity of “set-jetting” tourism will boost the confidence of domestic companies and create more products with cultural, social and economic benefits. Passage 3 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．digest    B．survived    C． barely    D．resemble    E. literate    F. unlimited G. thinking    H. connectivity    I. arguably    J. remade    K. evaluation There’s been a warning about the immediate death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to bring disaster for the written world. None did. Reading 1 ; in fact, it has thrived. The world is more 2 than ever before — there are more and more readers, and more books. The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry about. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has 3 shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Amazon’s Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book. As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are now available. Inter-connectivity allows for a reading experience that was 4 imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with a(n) 5 number of links: to texts, pictures and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history and philosophy will 6 nothing seen in the past. On the other hand, there is the danger of underestimating. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “ 7 ” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation (碎片化) of reading. There is the danger that the high- speed 8 of the internet will reduce our attention span — that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep 9 . In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be 10 each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature, and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology as well as make sense of a dynamic yet confusing world. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $