必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关Word课时作业（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 [话题　DNA数据存储技术的突破] Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data, not just biological, but also digital.Yet while DNA is a great storage material, it's also quite delicate.Water or heat can damage it easily unless it's given an amber­like(似琥珀) coating.That new idea was borrowed from the 1993 movie Jurassic Park, in which scientists cloned dinosaurs from DNA trapped in amber. DNA is the world's oldest data storage device.The most amazing thing about DNA is that it can potentially be used to store any type of data.Putting information into DNA uses a process called encoding.“Your computer stores information in a binary format(二进制)，zeroes and ones，” notes Karishma Matange, a computational biologist.“Encoding works to change these zeroes and ones into A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can store information.” The order of the bases in DNA is called sequence(序列), which spells out the information it holds.To pull information back out from the DNA, you rewind the process. Scientists can store DNA for long periods.But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and dangerous chemicals, which makes the process costly.James Banal, a scientist in San Carlos, California, and his team came up with a new method T­REX.His team uses this method to trap DNA in a material similar to plastic.“Plastics are durable.” Banal points out.Besides, T­REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA. To test it, the team encoded the Jurassic Park theme music and a person's genome into DNA.Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic.Damp and heat are DNA's biggest threats.But the T­REX material keeps damp out.The researchers heated it up to 75° Celsius.Later, they got the DNA by breaking the coating down.The best part, Banal says, is that the broken­down material can be reused to store DNA again. Banal and his colleagues want to use the T­REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store biological samples that will be launched into space.And we might one day use it to store the massive amounts of data people generate every day. 1．How is digital information stored into DNA? A．By turning binary code into DNA bases. B．By freezing the DNA at low temperatures. C．By coating the DNA with amber material. D．By sequencing DNA from ancient samples. 2．What is the main advantage of the T­REX method for DNA storage? A．Breaking DNA down with chemicals. B．Offering cost­effective storage of DNA. C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness. D．Withdrawing whole DNA from dinosaurs. 3．What will the DNA storage technology be used for in the future? A．Cloning extinct dinosaurs. B．Reducing global plastic pollution. C．Preserving diverse samples. D．Speeding future space exploration. 4．What's the main idea of the text? A．A breakthrough in DNA data storage technology. B．How digital technology advances DNA analysis. C．The biological applications of DNA repairing system. D．How Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservation research. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了DNA存储数据的原理，传统存储的缺陷及T­REX新方法，其成本低、耐用，未来或用于多领域存储。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Putting information into DNA uses a process called...that can store information.”可知，数字信息是通过将二进制数据转换为DNA的四种碱基(A、C、G、T)进行存储的。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Besides, T­REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA.(此外，T­REX是包裹DNA的廉价替代品。)”和第四段“But the T­REX material keeps damp out.The researchers heated...store DNA again.(但T­REX材料可以防潮。研究人员将其加热至75摄氏度。后来，他们通过分解涂层获得了DNA。Banal说，最好的部分是，分解的材料可以再次用于存储DNA。)”可知，T­REX方法既成本低廉，又能防潮，并且可以重复使用材料来存储DNA，因此，T­REX方法的主要优势是提供了一种经济有效的DNA存储方式。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Banal and his colleagues want to use...amounts of data people generate every day.(Banal和他的同事们希望使用T­REX方法来保存遗传数据，甚至安全地存储将被发射到太空的生物样本。有一天，我们可能会用它来存储人们每天生成的大量数据。)”可知，DNA存储技术未来将用于保存多样化的样本。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data, not just biological, but also digital.Yet while DNA is a great storage material, it's also quite delicate.”和文章第三段“James Banal, a scientist in San Carlos, California, and... is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA.”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们一直在研究使用DNA来存储各种类型的数据，并介绍了DNA作为存储材料的优缺点，以及一种新的DNA存储方法T­REX的研发和应用。因此，文章的主旨大意是DNA数据存储技术的突破。] Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题　探讨成功人士的关键特质] We celebrate successful people around us, but what characteristics make successful people 　__1__　？ While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 　__2__　.And many examples prove that this is 　__3__　 for you to achieve your goals. Consider this: if a high school senior passes a kindergarten math exam, it's not seen as an 　__4__　 because the challenge is too easy.However, if the same student passes a college­level exam, that's a true success.　__5__　， every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities.Many people 　__6__　 starting because they fear failure and focus only on what could go 　__7__　.They forget to consider the positive aspect. The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__　.It' s about following your instincts(直觉), 　__9__　 the fear of failure.Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 　___10___　 anyway.Without this courage, you will never know if you have the 　___11___　 to succeed. Think about the goals you haven't 　___12___　 yet — starting a business, applying for a job, or writing a book.Often, the fear of failure holds us back.　___13___　 asking, “What if I fail? ”， ask “How can I succeed？” By 　___14___　 your mindset(思维模式), you enable yourself to take action and move closer to your goals.The next time 　___15___　 arises, remember: What if you try and succeed? 1．A.step aside　　　　　 B．stand out C．cheer up D．calm down 2．A.fail B．stop C．change D．dream 3．A.legal B．optional C．necessary D．acceptable 4．A.achievement B．assessment C．exploration D．adjustment 5．A.Gradually B．Luckily C．Finally D．Similarly 6．A.consider B．avoid C．regret D．risk 7．A.fast B．normally C．smoothly D．wrong 8．A.expected B．guaranteed C．evaluated D．recognized 9．A.overcoming B．hiding C．understanding D．checking 10．A.refuse B．wonder C．wait D．try 11．A.reason B．experience C．probability D．right 12．A.pursued B．shared C．appreciated D．judged 13．A.As for B．Instead of C．In addition to D．By comparison with 14．A.examining B．treasuring C．shifting D．preserving 15．A.danger B．accident C．inspiration D．doubt [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了成功人士的关键特质——敢于失败的勇气，论述挑战自我、克服恐惧对实现目标的重要性。 1．B　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们庆祝身边成功的人，但什么特质让成功人士脱颖而出？A.step aside让开；B.stand out突出；C.cheer up振作；D.calm down冷静。根据上文的“We celebrate successful people”可知，此处询问让成功人士“突出”的特质。] 2．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们可能有计划和策略，但迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气。A.fail失败；B.stop停止；C.change改变；D.dream梦想。根据下文“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__　.”可知，成功的第一步是敢于“失败”。] 3．C　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多例子证明，这是实现目标的必要条件。A.legal合法的；B.optional可选的；C.necessary必要的；D.acceptable可接受的。根据常识和上文的“While they may have plans and strategies, the first step towards success is the courage to 　__2__　.”可知，迈向成功的第一步是敢于失败的勇气，由此可知，敢于失败的勇气是“必要的”。] 4．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：试想：如果一个高三学生通过了幼儿园数学考试，这不算成就，因为挑战太容易了。A.achievement成就；B.assessment评估；C.exploration探索；D.adjustment调整。根据下文的“because the challenge is too easy.”可知，轻松完成的事不算“成就”。] 5．D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，每一个有价值的目标都必须挑战我们当前的能力。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Finally最终；D.Similarly 同样地。根据上文的“However, if the same student passes a college­level exam, that's a true success.”与下文的“every worthwhile goal must challenge us beyond our current abilities”可知，前文用学生考试的例子类比，此处强调目标需挑战能力的道理“同样”成立。] 6．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人避免开始，因为他们害怕失败，只关注可能出错的地方。A.consider考虑；B.avoid避免；C.regret后悔；D.risk冒险。根据下文的“because they fear failure”可知，害怕失败导致人们“避免”开始行动。] 7．D　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多人避免开始，因为他们害怕失败，只关注可能出错的地方。A.fast快地；B.normally正常地；C.smoothly顺利地；D.wrong错误地。根据上文的“because they fear failure”以及下文的“They forget to consider the positive aspect.”可知，因为害怕失败，所以人们只关注事情“出错”的可能性，而忽略了积极的方面，go wrong为固定搭配。] 8．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：敢于失败意味着即使成功没有保证，也要继续前进。A.expected期待；B.guaranteed保证；C.evaluated评估；D.recognized认可。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't”可知，此处解释了失败的勇气的意义，由此可推断，此处指的是即使在成功没有“保证”时，仍要前进，符合语境。] 9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是追随你的直觉，克服对失败的恐惧。A.overcoming克服；B.hiding隐藏；C.understanding理解；D.checking检查。根据上文的“The courage to fail means moving forward even when success isn't 　__8__　.”可知，敢于失败需要“克服”恐惧，才能不断前进。] 10．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：非常成功的人经常面临失败的可能，但无论如何都敢于尝试。A.refuse拒绝；B.wonder想知道；C.wait等待；D.try尝试。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure”以及but可知，成功人士经常面对失败的可能，而成功人士之所有成功在于敢于“尝试”。] 11．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种勇气，你永远不会知道自己是否有成功的可能性。A.reason原因；B.experience经验；C.probability可能性；D.right权利。根据上文的“Highly successful people often face the possibility of failure but dare to 　__10__　anyway.”可知，尝试是成功人士成功的关键，结合“Without this courage”可推断，此处指的是不尝试则无法知晓成功的“可能性”符合语境。] 12．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想你还没有追求的目标——创业、求职或写书。A.pursued追求；B.shared分享；C.appreciated欣赏；D.judged判断。根据下文的 “starting a business, applying for a job”可知，此处指的是尚未“追求”的目标。] 13．B　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：不要问“如果我失败了怎么办？”，而是问“我怎样才能成功？”A.As for至于；B.Instead of代替，而不是；C.In addition to除了；D.By comparison with与……相比。根据语境和下文的“What if I fail？”以及“ask ‘How can I succeed？’”，这是两种对待失败或成功的不同态度，所以此处强调用积极问题“代替”消极问题。] 14．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过转变你的思维模式，你能够采取行动，更接近你的目标。A.examining检查；B.treasuring珍惜；C.shifting转变；D.preserving保存。根据上文的“　__13__　 asking, ‘What if I fail？’”， ask ‘How can I succeed？’”可知，从消极到积极的提问是“转变”思维模式。] 15．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：下次怀疑出现时，记住：如果你尝试并成功了呢？A.danger危险；B.accident事故；C.inspiration灵感；D.doubt怀疑。根据语境和上文的“What if I fail？”可知，此处指对失败的“怀疑”。] Ⅲ.语法填空 [话题　银河系中宇宙尘埃特征的首个三维地图] Chinese astronomers have created the first three­dimensional map of the features of cosmic(宇宙的) dust in the Milky Way, using data from China's Large Sky Area Multi­Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope (LAMOST) and European Space Agency's Gaia space observatory.1.　____________　 (publish) as a cover story in Science on Friday, this cosmic map collection solves a decade­old challenge in astronomy by disclosing how cosmic dust makes starlight less bright and turns it redder across the galaxy(星系)．The breakthrough is likely 2.　____________　 (transform) studies of star formation and exoplanets. For 3.　____________　 (decade), astronomers had to correct observations using oversimplified models, 4.　__________　 (assume) even dust behaved uniformly.“But dust features vary across regions.Using a general pattern for all situations was like following a map with a faulty GPS，” said Zhang Xiangyu, a Chinese doctoral student, 5.　__________　 conducted the study with his 6.　____________　 (instruct), Gregory M．Green. The team combined two million fixed star spectra(光谱) from LAMOST with positional and spectroscopic data from the European Gaia space observatory, creating a dynamic 3D map that tracks how dust extinction changes location and wavelength.“For the first time, we can see the Milky Way's dust ‘fingerprints’ in full dimensionality.So far this map 7.　________　 (open) a whole new window for studying dust and the Milky Way, probably offering new perspectives on issues such 8.　________　 astrochemistry, star formation and the origins of life，” Zhang said. The team plans to expand the map using LAMOST's ongoing surveys, 9.　____________　 (possible) uncovering links between dust evolution 10.　_________　 galactic history. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国天文学家利用LAMOST和盖亚空间天文台的数据，创建了银河系中宇宙尘埃特征的首个三维地图，并阐述了该地图对天文学研究的重要意义。 1．Published　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这张宇宙地图合集于周五作为封面故事发表在《科学》杂志上，它通过揭示宇宙尘埃如何使星光变暗并变红，解决了天文学中一个长达十年的挑战。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词“solves”，所以空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“this cosmic map collection”和动词“publish”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Published。] 2．to transform　[考查固定搭配。句意：这一突破可能会改变对恒星形成和系外行星的研究。“be likely to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to transform。] 3．decades　[考查名词复数。句意：几十年来，天文学家不得不使用过于简化的模型来修正观测结果，假设甚至尘埃的行为也是均匀的。“decade”是可数名词，空前无冠词，所以此处应用复数形式，“for decades”意为“几十年来”。故填decades。] 4．assuming　[考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，天文学家不得不使用过于简化的模型来修正观测结果，假设甚至尘埃的行为也是均匀的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词“had to correct”，所以空处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语“astronomers”和动词“assume”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填assuming。] 5．who　[考查定语从句。句意：中国博士生张翔宇和他的导师Gregory M．Green一起进行了这项研究，他说：“但尘埃特征在不同区域是不同的。在所有情况下都使用一个通用的模式，就像跟着一个有故障的GPS的地图走一样。”分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Zhang Xiangyu”，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。] 6．instructor　[考查名词。句意同上。根据空前的“his”可知，此处应用名词形式，又根据语意可知，此处表示“导师”且表示单数概念，所以instruct的名词形式“instructor”符合语意语法。故填instructor。] 7．has opened　[考查动词时态。句意：张说：“到目前为止，这张地图已经为研究尘埃和银河系打开了一个全新的窗口，可能为天体化学、恒星形成和生命起源等问题提供了新的视角。”根据时间状语“So far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“this map”是单数，助动词应用has。故填has opened。] 8．as　[考查固定短语。句意同上。“such as”是固定短语，意为“例如”，用于列举事物。故填as。] 9．possibly　[考查副词。句意：该团队计划利用LAMOST正在进行的调查来扩大这张地图，可能揭示尘埃演化与银河系历史之间的联系。空处修饰动词“uncovering”，应用possible的副词形式“possibly”，意为“可能地”。故填possibly。] 10．and　[考查固定短语。句意同上。“between...and...”是固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填and。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $