必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（课时冲关）-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关教参（人教版）

课时>素养提升 对应说 1.阅读理解 [话题发明地震传感器设备] Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates.Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen,this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.These ground tremors (small earthquakes)are the world's deadliest natural disasters.And they're often unpredictable. Earthquake early warning systems do exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the U.S.West Coast. Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes.Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it's hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place.And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before they can get an alert. Therefore,Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor.Called the Qube,this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake.Then,it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts.To build it,Vivien bought a machine and watched YouTube videos to learn how to use it. Then she went to work in a spare bathroom. During nine months of testing,Vivien's Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles.The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer( in the Southern California Seismic Network. Vivien is now building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles."I have eight devices in differ- ent homes,"she says.A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of ShakeAlert seismic stations.When one Qube starts to shake,it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring stations,Qubes are tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a Rubik's cube,one Qube costs less than $100 to make.So, many more of them could be installed around a city. ·3 基础必备必修第一册 时作业P281 素能提升规范演练 1.What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little? A.She used to like playing hide and seek in school. B.She was often at risk of experiencing an earth- quake. C.She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill. D.She showed no interest in studying natural dis- asters. 2.Why does the author mention the Shake Alert sys- tem? A.To prove the necessity of early earthquake mo- nitoring stations. B.To compare Shake Alert with Vivien's Qube in terms of accuracy. C.To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection. D.To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems. 3.What's the main function of Vivien He's device? A.Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. B.Collecting data about minor earthquakes. C.Predicting the center of an earthquake. D.Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. 4.What's implied about the network of Qubes? A.It's very challenging to build it. B.It has limitations in large cities. C.It can be easily applied at a low cost. D.It just requires eight devices in each place. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了 Vivien He,一名来自南加州的高中生，鉴于地震频发 的现状，她发明了一种名为Qube的地震传感器设 备，该设备体积小、成本低，更易于在城市中广泛 应用。 l.B[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing up in Southern California,where earthquakes often happen,this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.(在地震频发的南加州长大，这个18岁的女 孩在地震演习中花了很多时间躲在课桌下。)”可 知，Vivien He小时候经常处于经历地震的风 险中。] 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Earthquake early warning systems do exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the U.S.West Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it's hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place.And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking be- fore they can get an alert..(确实存在地震预警系 统。其中之一是美国西海岸的Shake Alert系统。 Shake Alert网络中的地震监测站在地震发生时能 够检测到地面的震动。然后，这些监测站会向人们 发出警报，告知他们脚下的地面可能很快就会开始 震动。但是，很难预测在任何给定地，点地面会震动 到什么程度。离震源最近的人就没那么幸运了。 他们在收到警报之前就会感觉到震动。)”可知，作 者提到Shake Alert系统是为了展示现有地震预警 系统的缺点。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Called the Qube,this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the be- ginning of a bigger quake.Then,it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts. 个被称为Qube设备使用一种叫做检波器的运动 传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震开始的震动。 然后，它可以通过发出警报或发送文本警报来警告 用户。)”可知，Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测 震动并发送警报。] 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But unlike earthquake monitoring stations,Qubes are tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a Rubik's cube, one Qube costs less than 100 to make.So,many more of them could be installed around a city. 与地震监测站不同，Qubes体积小、价格便宜。大 约有一个魔方那么大，一个Qube的制作成本不到 100美元。因此，可以在城市周围安装更多的 Qubes.。)”可推知，Qubes网络可以低成本地轻松 应用。] Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题救落水乘客] Five girl students of the University of Georgia were driving from Athens to Savannah for a weekend celebration.After turning along Murray Hill Road the group of students 1 the Brier Creek bridge and saw something odd-a dust cloud below the bridge with a flash of white light. .4 "We turned,went down this hill to that area and 2 super fast before we just saw a white car sinking 3 ,said Molly McCollum,one of the students. McCollum 4 that she was originally in shock at what she was seeing,saying she knew she had to 5 and do something about the situation. The students 6 to jump out of their car and rush toward the three passengers,a mom and two kids. Two of the students entered the water to get the 7 to safety while the others gathered supplies and called for 8 responders. Seeing a kid 9 one student put her life- guard skills to the test by performing CPR(心肺复 on him immediately.It was a worst-case situa- tion but 10,within a minute,the kid began 11.The Burke County Sheriff's Office said all three survivors of the incident were 12 to a hos- pital and that they were 13 to leave the hospital the next day. The five girl students who took part in the res- cue were 14 with an award from the University of Georgia.The term"hero"is often used to describe sports stars and others but these five truly 15 what heroism is. 1.A.designed B.attacked C.removed D.approached 2.A.took off B.pulled over C.worked out D.kept up 3.A.underwater B.overhead C.onboard D.beforehand 4.A.blamed B.concluded C.added D.whispered 5.A.break in B.step in C.hang on D.carry on 6.A.struggled B.hesitated C.proceeded D.preferred 7.A.kids B.witnesses C.companions D.victims 8.A.service B.health C.media D.emergency 9.A.miserable B.hopeless C.unconscious D.nervous 10.A.somehow B.somewhat C.anywhere D.anyway 11.A.weeping B.shaking C.responding D.reflecting 12.A.rushed B.turned C.pressed D.directed 13.A.liberated B.permitted C.motivated D.recorded 14.A.provided B.honored C.loaded D.equipped 15.A.dominates B.facilitates C.releases D.demonstrates [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了佐治 亚大学的五名女学生驾车途中看到一辆车落水，她们 果断展开救援，最终使三名乘客获救，五名女生也因 此获得学校表彰。 1.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这群学生接近了 布里尔溪大桥，看到了一些奇怪的东西一桥下有 一团尘土，还有一道白光闪过。A.designed设计； B.attacked攻击；C.removed移除；D.approached 接近。根据前文“After turning along Murray Hill Road”可知学生们正在沿道路行驶，结合后文看到 桥下的状况，说明此时是接近大桥时看到的。 2.B[考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我们转弯，下了山 到了那个地方，然后很快靠边停车，就在这时我们 看到一辆白色的汽车正在沉入水中。”学生之一莫 莉·麦科勒姆说。A.took off起飞，脱下；B.pulled over靠边停车；C.worked out解决，算出；D.kept up保持。根据前文“We turned,went down this hill to that area”可推知，学生们要去救援落水车 辆，所以到了那个地方后，先得靠边停车，才能展开 后续行动。 3.A[考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们转弯，下了 山到了那个地方，然后很快靠边停车，就在这时我 们看到一辆白色的汽车正在沉入水中。”学生之一 莫莉·麦科勒姆说。A.underwater在水中； B.overhead在头顶上；C.onboard在船上；D.be forehand预先。根据前文“a white car sinking”可 知，车正在水中下沉。] 4.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦科勒姆补充说， 她最初对自己所看到的感到震惊，她说她知道她必 须介入并做，点什么。A.blamed责备；B.concluded 得出结论；C.added补充说；D.whispered低语。前 文莫莉描述了看到车落水的情景，这里进一步阐述 自己当时的感受，属于补充说的内容。] 5.B[考查动词短语辨析。句意：麦科勒姆补充说， 她最初对自己所看到的感到震惊，她说她知道她必 须介入并做，点什么。A.break in闯入；B.step in 介入，千预；C.hang on坚持；D.carry on继续。由 后文“and do something about the situation”明确 了麦科勒姆要对车落水这件事做点什么，那就是介 入救援。] 6.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们接着跳出 车，冲向三名乘客一一位母亲和两个孩子。 A.struggled.挣扎；B.hesitated犹豫；C.proceeded 基础必备必修第一册 接着做，继续做；D.preferred更喜欢。前文表明麦 科勒姆觉得要介入救援，紧接着“to jump out of their car and rush toward the three passengers" 明学生们采取了行动，也就是接着跳出车去救援。] 7.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名学生下水将 受害者带到安全地带，而其他学生则收集物资并呼 叫紧急救援人员。A.kids孩子；B.witnesses目击 者；C.companions同伴；D.victims受害者。根据 前文“a mom and two kids'”处于汽车落水的危险情 境以及后文学生对其展开救援可知，他们是此次事 故的受害者。] 8.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名学生下水将 受害者带到安全地带，而其他学生则收集物资并呼 叫紧急救援人员。A.service服务；B.health健康； C.media媒体；D.emergency紧急情况。从前面描 述汽车落水且有人需要救援的情况，可判断这是一 个紧急事件，所以要呼叫紧急救援人员。] 9.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到一个孩子失 去了意识，一名学生运用她的救生员技能立即对他 进行了心肺复苏术。A.miserable痛苦的；B.hope- less绝望的；C.unconscious无意识的；D.nervous 紧张的。根据常识和后文“one student put her lifeguard skills to the test by performing CPR( 肺复苏术)on him”可知，做心肺复苏术是针对心 脏停止跳动的人，所以孩子应该是处于无意识的 状态。 10.A[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是最糟糕的情 况，但不知怎的，一分钟内，孩子开始有反应了。 A.somehow不知怎么地；B.somewhat有，点；C.an ywhere任何地方；D.anyway不管怎样。前文“a worst-case situation”说明情况糟糕且孩子无意识 需要做心肺复苏，后文“within a minute,the kid began..”说孩子最终有反应了，这个转变有些意 外，所以用“不知怎么地”合适。] 11.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是最糟糕的情 况，但不知怎的，一分钟内，孩子开始有反应了。 A.weeping哭泣；B.shaking摇晃；C.responding 有反应；D.reflecting反映。因为前文进行了心肺 复苏的抢救，结合“within a minute”这个时间，点， 可推出孩子开始有反应了。] 12.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯克县警长办公 室表示，此次事件三名幸存者被紧急送往医院，第 二天他们被允许出院。A.rushed急忙送，仓促运 送；B.turned转动；C.pressed按压；D.directed指 导。鉴于前文描述的是汽车落水这样的紧急救援 场景，三名幸存者肯定要被急忙送往医院。] 13.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯克县警长办公 室表示，此次事件的三名幸存者被紧急送往医院， 第二天他们被允许出院。A.liberated解放；B.per- 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 mitted允许；C.motivated激励；D.recorded记录。 根据后文“to leave the hospital the next day”可知， 是医院允许他们出院。] 14.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与救援的五名 女学生获得了佐治亚大学的表彰。A.provided提 供；B.honored给予荣誉，表彰；C.loaded装载； D.equipped装备。后文提到“with an award'”,说明 五名女生因为救援行为获得了学校给予的奖项，也 就是受到了表彰。] 15.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：“英雄”这个词常 用来描述体育明星和其他人，但这五个人真正体现 了英雄主义的含义。A,dominates统治；B.facili-- tates促进；C.releases释放；D.demonstrates展示， 体现。前文详细描述了五名女生勇敢救援的事迹， 她们的这一系列行为展示了英雄主义的内涵。] Ⅲ.语法填空 [话题全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点] There was less sea ice covering the oceans in February of this year than at any other point on re- cord.“One of the 1. (consequence)of a warmer world is melting sea ice,and the record or near-record low sea ice cover at both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an all-time minimum, said Samantha Burgess 2. a statement. Global average temperatures in February of this year 3. (rise)1.59C above the per-industrial average,4. make)it the third-warmest February on record,according to the European Union's climate service Copernicus. These high temperatures impacted the global sea ice extent,5. includes both the Arctic, where sea ice is currently near its annual maximum, and the Antarctic.The satellite record for both re- gions extends back to 1979.In the Arctic,sea ice re- mained at 8 percent below average throughout Feb- ruary,missing an area of ice 6. (rough) the size of the UK.This was the third consecutive month 7. (set)a new monthly record low in the Arctic. 8. (see)over the past two years,this decline in the 9. (north)hemisphere(半球) has combined with a longer-term decline in Antarctic sea ice.Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to near average levels in December of last year 10. it then rapidly declined again.In February,the ice reached its fourth-lowest extent on record for the month,remaining 26 percent below average. [语篇解读]本文为说明文。主要讲述今年二月全 球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 1.consequences[考查名词复数。句意：世界变暖的 后果之一是海冰融化，两极创纪录或接近纪录的低 海冰覆盖率将全球海冰覆盖率推到了历史最低水 平。这里考查“one of the十可数名词复数”，表示 “…之一”。故填consequences。J 2.in[考查介词。句意：萨曼莎·伯吉斯在一份声 明中说。这里考查in a statement.,为固定搭配，意 为“在声明中”。故填in。] 3.rose[考查时态。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机构 哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工业平均 气温高出1.59°C,成为有记录以来第三温暖的2 月。此空考查谓语动词，主语Global average tem- peratures与rise为主动关系，在根据时间状语in February of this year可知，这里用一般过去时， rise的过去式为rose。故填rose。] 4.making[考查非谓语动词。句意：根据欧盟气候 服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比 工业平均气温高出1.59°C,成为有记录以来第三 温暖的2月。此空考查非谓语，由语境可知，应用 现在分词作结果状语。故填making。] 5.which[考查定语从句。句意：这些高温影响了全 球海冰范围，其中包括目前海冰接近年度最大值的 北极和南极。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词 global sea ice extent,指物，在从句中作主语，应用 关系代词which引导。故填which。] 6.roughly[考查副词。句意：在北极，整个2月海 冰面积比平均水平低8%，缺失的冰层面积大致相 当于英国的大小。此处作状语应用副词roughly, 表示“大致地”。故填roughly。] 7.t0set[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是北极连续第 三个月创下新的月度纪录低，点。名词month被序 数词third修饰，应用不定式作后置定语，表示“连 续第三个做某事的月份”。故填t0set。] 8.Seen[考查非谓语动词。句意：从过去两年的情 况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少 相结合。此空考查非谓语，decline与see为被动关 系（被观察到），再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状 语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Seen。] 9.northern[考查形容词。句意：从过去两年的情 况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少 相结合。修饰名词hemisphere用形容词north- ern,northern hemisphere,意为“北半球”。故填 northern。J 10.but/yet[考查连词。句意：去年12月，南极海 冰似乎恢复到接近平均水平，但随后又迅速下降。 分析句子结构可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词 but或yet。故填but/yet。