语法突破 专题二 第5讲 情态动词和虚拟语气-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关Word教案（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习教案聚焦情态动词和虚拟语气核心考点，涵盖情态动词基本用法、情态动词+have done、虚拟语气三大模块，按从基础用法到复杂结构再到句式应用的逻辑递进架构知识，通过考点精析梳理规则，方法指导归纳差异，真题训练对接高考，帮助学生构建系统知识网络，突破语法难点。 教案采用对比辨析与情境化教学策略，如对比can/could表请求的语气差异，归纳虚拟语气中不同时间虚拟的动词形式，培养学生思维品质和语言运用能力。设置对点演练基础巩固、高考对接能力提升的分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，助力学生提升应考技能，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供清晰指引。

第5讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 [考点一]　情态动词的基本用法　 1．can/could表示“能力、请求或可能性”，意为“能、可以”。当表“请求”时在疑问句中往往用“Could I．..？”其肯定回答用“Yes，you can.”；表可能性时，一般意为“有时会……”。 In general，Tom is a good man，but he can be very hard sometimes. 总体而言，汤姆是个好人，不过有时候他会非常难相处。 2．may/might表示“请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿”。当might表示请求时，不表示过去，只是语气更加委婉客气；might/may as well do sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。 We might as well stay at home，watching the football match. 我们不如待在家里看足球赛。 3．will/would用于第二人称作主语时表示“请求”，还可表“决心、愿望”，或“按规律注定会……”。 They asked if we would do that again. 他们问我们是否会再次那样做。 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水上。 4．should表示“责任、义务”，意为“应该”。 You should be careful when doing your job. 当你做工作时你应该仔细。 5．must/have to都可表示“不得不、一定”，其区别在于前者侧重主观因素，而后者往往表示客观情况。当must用于一般疑问句时，其肯定回答是“Yes，you must”，否定回答为“No，you needn't/don't have to”。 6．shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall来表达。 It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定) 7．need与dare两个词既可以作情态动词，又可以作实义动词，区别如下： 形态 情态动词need/dare 实义动词need/dare 否定形式 needn't/dare not do don't/doesn't/didn't need/dare to do 后跟动词时 need/dare do need/dare to do 　Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to/dare not say so. 大多数人都对哈利敢怒不敢言。 单句语法填空 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)“Stop right there! You 　________　 leave right now！” he caued out, holding the branch with both hands. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：“立刻停下！你必须马上离开！”他大声喊道，双手紧握着那根树枝。表示“必须”用must。故填must。 答案：must 2．(2024·全国甲卷)Animals　________　express their needs using a lot of ways. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：动物能用许多方式来表达他们的需求。can能。 答案：can 3．(2023·天津卷)We 　_________　bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。 根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。needn't不必，故填needn't。 答案：needn't 4．(2022·浙江卷) I felt so sorry to hear that and I thought I　________　visit him in any case. 解析：句意：我听了后感到很伤心，我认为无论如何我应该去看望他。 答案：should 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person　______　belong to the same gym. 解析：句意：如果你想在体育馆锻炼身体，那个人必须也在同一个体育馆。 答案：must 6．(2021·全国乙卷)In my opinion，students　can　 benefit a lot from doing some housework. 7．(2021·全国乙卷)In conclusion，we 　should　 have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient. [考点二]　情态动词＋have done　 1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done sth. “(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may(might) have done sth. “(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句 can (could) have done sth. “本能够做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定 Looking at the large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. 看着这个又大又空的公寓，我意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。 I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn't have spoken at the meeting. 我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。 2．表示“与过去事实相反” could have done sth. 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done sth. 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth. 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done sth. 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 He could have gone on regretting it，as too many of us do. 他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们很多人一样。 I needn't have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine. 天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。 You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. 你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。 You might have given him more help，though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。 单句语法填空 1．(2025·全国一卷)They 　______________________　(write) pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。could have done 本能做某事而实际未做。 答案：could have written 2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She wondered if centuries of diving 　could_have　 (can) led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. 3．Since nobody gave him any help，he 　must　 have done the research on his own. 4．I 　couldn't/can't_have_enjoyed　 (enjoy) myself more—it was a perfect day. 5．You 　needn't_have_told　 (tell) Jim anything about it.It was none of his business. [考点三]　虚拟语气　 1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。 If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。 (2)虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。 Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。 (3)错综时间条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。 If we had booked a table earlier，we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟。) (4)含蓄条件句 ①有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 ②用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。 ③虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 I would have delivered a speech，but I had a cold that day. 我本来可以做演讲，但是那天我感冒了。 2．虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that...” 句型中，that从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 认真对待我们在路上开车时的安全非常重要。 (2)在would rather(that) 后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)句中含有以下单词(suggestion，proposal，order，request，advice)或变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、顿号同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 　当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 I wish (that) I were ten years younger. 但愿我能年轻十岁。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。 (5)as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if/though引导的从句中的谓语动词形式及使用情况与wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词及使用情况相同。 She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她看起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。 　如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 3．2个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 对过去的虚拟 对现在的虚拟 对将来的虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 从句谓语用“had＋过去分词” 从句谓语用过去式(be 动词一般用were) 从句谓语用“would/could/ should/might＋动词原形” It is (high/about/very)time (that)．.. 从句谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形” If only I had seen the film. 要是我看过那部电影就好了。 It is high time that we should start/started out. 我们该出发了。 单句语法填空 1．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they 　would_have_accomplished　 (accomplish) the task in half the time. 2．If we 　had_caught　(catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 3．It's strange that he 　should　 have taken the books without the owner's permission. 4．There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I 　had　 (have) a second chance to become more involved. 5．　________　 it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty. 解析：考查虚拟语气。这是对现在事实的虚拟，省略if则将谓语动词were提前。句意：要不是有老师们的支持，这个学生是无法克服她的困难的。 答案：Were 6．—Do you have Betty's phone number? —Yes，otherwise，I 　________　 (be) able to reach her yesterday. 解析：考查虚拟语气。设空处是对过去的事进行虚拟，应用would hare done 形式，此处是用否定形式。 答案：wouldn't have been 7．It's a pity that you were late，otherwise you 　would_have_seen　 (see) the film star from America. 8．He insisted that the problem 　(should)_be_discussed　 (discuss) at the meeting. 9．It is high time that we 　took/should_take　(take) some measures to solve the problem. (一)情态动词在语法填空中的命题点 1．考查情态动词的基本用法 ①(2023·全国乙卷)If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield 　must　 be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. ②(2022·全国乙卷)It 　can　 easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. ③(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host，you　can　 ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 2．考查“情态动词＋have done”的用法 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey 　should_have_finished　(finish) the course earlier than she did. ②(天津卷)I can't find my purse.I 　could　 have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure. ③(安徽卷)I 　should_have_gone　 (go) to my cousin's birthday party last night，but I was not available. (二)虚拟语气在语法填空中的命题点 1．考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 ①(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they 　could_have_been　(be)so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. ②(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers，I 　wouldn't_be　 (not，be) where I am. ③(北京卷改编)If it had rained last night，it 　might_be　(be)very cold today. 2．考查虚拟语气在with，without，but for，or等构成的结构代替条件状语从句时的用法 (江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we 　would_have_had　 (have) a good time together. 3．考查wish后的宾语从句，表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句中虚拟语气的用法 (天津卷)I wish I 　had_been　 (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 单句语法填空 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden's ecology　________　develop well. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：随着人类干预的大幅减少，花园的生态可以很好地发展。can表推测。 答案：can 2．—Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes，of course you 　________　. 答案：can 3．Although this 　________　 sound like a simple task，great care is needed. 答案：may 4．They 　________　 have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 答案：should 5．If you 　________　 smoke，please go outside. 答案：must 6．The emergency required that all the tasks 　________　(complete)at least two days ahead of time. 答案：(should)be completed 7．He always acts as if he 　________　 (know) everything. 答案：knew 8．I'd rather Tom 　________　 (come) tomorrow. 答案：came 9．Without electricity，human life 　________　 (be)quite difficult today. 答案：would be 10．I should not have laughed if I 　________　(think) you were serious. 解析：句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用had done形式。 答案：had thought 11．He would be in better health now if he 　________　 (burden) himself with less work when young. 解析：句意：如果年轻时他承担的工作少点，他现在的身体会更健康。根据时间状语从句when young可推断，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，故填had burdened。 答案：had burdened 12．Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 　________　 (dance) as well as her. 解析：句意：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。但愿我能跳得像她一样好。由语境可知，此处表示的是与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式(be 动词用were)，故填danced。有些考生因为没掌握wish后宾语从句虚拟语气的用法，误填will dance。 答案：danced 13．It is strongly suggested that our spare time 　________　 (be) made full use of to read as much as possible. 解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”，后接从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用(should)do。故填动词原形be。 答案：be 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $