语法突破 专题二 第1讲 名词-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关教参（外研版）

语法突破 专题二 词 第1讲 名 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]名词的单复数 1.规则名词的5种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 nouth→mouths 般情况下 在词尾直接加-s house→houses 以-s,-X,-ch, 在词尾加-es glass→glasses -sh结尾的名词 match->matches country→coun 以辅音字母 变y为i,再加 tries +y结尾的 -es factory->facto- 名词 ries piano->pianos 般在词尾加-s photo->photos 以o结尾的名词 有些在词尾加 hero->heroes -es potato >potatoes 般要变f或fe self→selves 以-f,-fe结尾 为v十-es wolf→wolves 的名词 roof→roofs 少数直接加-s belief-→beliefs /思 |下列以-f结尾的名词既可以变f为v 后再加-es,也可以直接在f后加-s: handkerchief->handkerchiefs/handkerchieves scarf: scarfs/scarves 2.不规则名词的2种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 deer,sheep,means,series,works, 单复数同形 Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose> 变内部元音 geese,man->men,woman->women, mouse->mice 3 A艺考这化课导师 8服“码”上答凝 形变化类 ·题型计解·错题收录 ·作业批改·复习精进 祠 [学生用书P232] /思 |①fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形 式为fishes,.而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同； ②people指“人们”时单复数同形，指“民族”时，其复 数为peoples。 3.合成名词的2种复数形式 (1)若有主体名词，则把主体名词变成复数；若无主体 名词，则把最后一部分变成复数。 passer-by->passers-by,sister-in-law>sisters-in- law,grown-up→grown-ups,housewife→house- wives (2)“man/woman十n.”变复数时，作定语的man woman和主体名词都要变复数：women engi- neers 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (time),cloth- ing rental services have become increasingly popu- lar. 解析：考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择少穿的 衣服更多了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表 示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数 形式。故填times。 答案：times 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met,there are common (theme)in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of re- search for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 解析：考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基 金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从 未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句 为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are” 可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填 themes. 答案：themes 3.(2024·北京卷)To practise this,we need to es- tablish clear (boundary)in our personal and professional life. 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 解析：考查名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们 需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中 boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示 不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。.故 填boundaries。 答案：boundaries 4.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition (ability)to a human two-year-old. 解析：句意：戈芬氏凤头鹦鹅是一种原产于大洋洲 的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。 ability是可数名词，根据句意此处应用复数形式。 答案：abilities 5.(2021·新高I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how ti- ny we humans(human)are. 6.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accom- modations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 7.(2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses(genius)were most often white men,of European origin. 8.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time... [考点二]不可数名词 1.常见的不可数名词 一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此 没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。 通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk,music,home work,housework,weather,news,butter,informa- tion,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙汁)，equip ment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作)，traf fic,furniture,wealth,word(消息)，room(空间)， man(人类)等。 I思纟Iword意为“消息”，room意为“空 间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。 2.抽象名词的具体化 某些抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠 词连用，常考的有： 抽象名 单词 具体化名词意义 词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事物 pleasure 乐趣 令人感到高兴的人或事物 ·35 抽象名 单词 具体化名词意义 词意义 attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 令人感到危险的人或事物 delight 高兴 令人感到高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人感到惊奇的人或事物 shock 震惊 令人感到震惊的人或事物 pride 骄傲 令人感到骄傲的人或事物 [考点三]名词所有格 1.有生命名词的3种所有格 情况 构成 示例 不以s结尾的 Mary's e-mail 加-’s 名词 children's books the girls'dormitory 以-s结尾的复 加-’ the teachers'reading 数名词 room 以-s结尾的单 our boss'office 数名词或专有 加-’s或- Engels's works 名词 2.无生命名词的2种所有格 (1)通常用of所有格表示。 The capital of Peru is Lima,which is in the west on the coast. 秘鲁的首都是利马，位于西部沿海地区。 (2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词 通常用-'s所有格表示。 Beijing's parks北京的公园 3.双重所有格 双重所有格的构成形式为：名词+of十名词的所有格 名词十of十名词性物主代词。 He is a friend of my father's. 他是我父亲的一个朋友。 /思影 |名词所有格作定语主要表示事物间 的关系（如所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系等），而名 词作定语则主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性别、用 途、功能、内容等。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)I really want to make this work for (people)lives today,... 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个（服 装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，…。提示词 修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people's,作定语。 故填people's。 答案：people's 2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my (son) life,"said Mrs.Brown. 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的 生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关 系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填s0n's。 答案：son's [考点四]名词构成法 名词后缀 意义 例词 抽象名词后 use一usage用法 缀，表示“行 short--shortage缺乏 -age 为、状态、结 marry- marriage婚姻 果或总称” pack-package包裹 抽象名词 accept-acceptance接受 后缀，表示 perform一performance表演 ance, “性质、状 exist-existence存在 -ence 态、行为、 occur- occurrence发生 过程” differ一difference不同 抽象名词 expect-一expectancy期待 tend- tendency趋势，趋向 -ancy, 后缀，表示 emergent- emergency紧急 -ency “性质和状 情况 态” fluent-一fluency流利；流畅 表示“状况 free一freedom自由 -dom 或状态” wise- wisdom智慧 receive一receiver接受者；听筒 表示“… carry-carrier携带者 -er,-or 人 begin一beginner初学者 者” direct-一director主任，导演 operate一operator操作者 359 语法突破 专题二词形变化类 名词后缀 意义 例词 构成人称 名词，表示 -ian technique一technician技术员 “精通… 的人” 由动词变 simplify-simplification简化 化而来的 classify-classification分类 -ication 抽象名词， communicate-communication 常译为 交流 “…化” 表示“… economic--economics经济学 -ics 学科” physic--physics物理学 produce-production生产 solute-一solution解决方法 由动词构 organize-organization组织； -10n, 成的名词， 机构 -at101h. 表示“行为 construct--construction建设 -ition 的过程、结 describe- description描述 果、状况” direct一direction方向 hesitate- hesitation犹豫 compete- competition竞争 构成人称名 词，表示“从 special-一specialist专家 事…研究 -ist piano一pianist钢琴家 者；信仰 social-一socialist社会主义者 …主义 者” 抽象名词 responsible-responsibility -ity/ty 后缀，表示 责任 性质 similar- similarity相似性 advertise- advertisement广告 抽象名词 develop一development发展 后缀，表示 move一movement:动作；活动 ment 行为、状 achieve-一achievement成就 态、过程或 equip一equipment设备 结果 improve一improvement改善 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 名词后缀 意义 例词 加在形容 aware-一awareness意识 词后构成 抽象名词， calm一calmness冷静 -ness 表示“状 thick-thickness厚度 effective-一effectiveness有效 态、性质或 程度” useful--一usefulness有用 relation-relationship关系 抽象名词 member-membership成员 -ship 后缀，表示 “状态” 资格 friend-friendship友谊 由形容词 dead-death死亡 构成名词， -th 表示“动 warm一warmth温暖 wide一width宽度 作、性质和 true一truth真相 状态” 抽象名词 fail一failure失败 后缀，表示 -11re “行为和结 expose-一exposure暴露 果” press一pressure压力 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 l.(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your (guide)'till they lose,explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 解析：考查名词。句意：“你试图把对手带进你的陷 阱，强迫他们跟随你的‘引导’，直到他们输了，”展 览参观者中的围棋选手王伟解释道。此处作fol low的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。 故填guidance。 答案：guidance 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international (visi- ble),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walk- ing through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 解析：考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化 元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充 说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟 大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名 词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。 故填visibility。 答案：visibility ·36 3.(2022·新高考I卷)The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce (lonely) and improve elderly people's well-being. 答案：loneliness 4.(2022·浙江卷)When the answer was no,she declined the (invite). 答案：invitation 5.(2021·全国乙卷)..and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development (develop)of the local areas. 6.(2021·浙江卷)In1844 they bought it for$1,200and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their marriage (marry)ceremony in 1842. 7.(2o20·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a cele- bration (celebrate)making the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 8.(2020·新高考Ⅲ卷)Filled with curiosity(curi- ous),the artist packed his bags and left. 9.(2020·山东卷)Historical accuracy(accurate)is important but so is entertainment. 10.Other American studies showed no connection (connect)between uniforms and school perform- ance. 11.Nowadays the priority (prior)for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. 12.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief(believe) that populations are increasing. 高考对接 GAO KAO DUI JIE 1.根据提示词填写名词 ①(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fash- ion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright,providing a less expensive solution (solve)to one-time event dressing. ②(2024·新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness(rich)of gardening in England. 2.根据提示词填写名词，考查名词的数 ①(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer times (time),clothing rent- al services have become increasingly popular. 0 ②(2024·新课标I卷)These plants included mod- ern Western favourites(favourite)such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 3.考查名词的固定搭配 ①(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺)to promote the idea at the completion (complete)of their journey. ②（天津卷改编）My parents always attach great importance (important)to my getting a good educa- tion. 过关演练 GUO GUAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell es- pecially pleasant where I live,thanks to the (absent)of smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoon)with lots of fresh air. 解析：考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻 起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾和有很多蓝天和 新鲜空气的下午。第一空作thanks to的宾语，应 用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填 absence。第二空afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此 处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故 填afternoons. 答案：absence;afternoons 2.(2024·新课标I卷)The latest engi- neer)techniques are applied to create this protec- tive functional structure that is also beautiful. 解析：考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创 造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知， 空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程 技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 答案：engineering 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing“buy one get one free”promotions because of the (criticize)that they lead to waste. 解析：考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送 一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。 根据“that they lead to waste'”可知，此处应用名词criti-- cism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 答案：criticism 4.(2024·全国甲卷)They are(treasure)of American heritage(遗产). 解析：考查名词复数。句意：它们是美国遗产的瑰 宝。结合句意应使用复数形式的名词treasures。 答案：treasures .30 语法突破专题二词形变化类 5.(2023·北京卷)Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city)from coastal winds. 解析：考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海 浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词 City作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故 填cities。 答案：cities 6.Due to the (apply)of this medical tech- nology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage. 答案：application 7.She was unable to attend because of the (press)of work. 答案：pressure 8.The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of (curious). 答案：curiosity 9.We all know that wild goats' (appear) on the vast grasslands is a good indication of the better environment. 答案：appearance 10.The direct)on the bottle read:For adults,take one tablet daily,only at bedtime as the medicine may produce drowsiness. 答案：directions 11.Much to the (disappoint)of the neigh- boring countries,the Japanese government al- ways refuses to admit the crime they did in World War lI in the history. 答案：disappointment 12.I apologized to you that I can't give you the tele- phone number without Mr.Brown's (permit). 答案：permission 13.Join a small group bike tour for an evening of (explore)in the heart of Washington,D.C. 答案：exploration 14. (lock)are available to store any be- longings during your visit. 答案：Lockers 15.I put some pine (branch)into the bas- ket to make this nest safe and comfortable. 答案：branches