Unit 5 Wild animals.Reading·Grammar·Word power（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 5 Wild animals. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词+动词不定式 1 （一） 核心结构：动词 + to do (动词不定式) 1 （二）表达目的：动词不定式 (to do) 和 in order to do 2 （三）动词 + 宾语 + (带to或不带to的) 动词不定式 2 （四） 否定形式总结 (关键点！) 3 （五）中考题型练习题 3 二、词汇拓展：The suffixes -ing,-ness,and -ion(后缀-ing,-ness,and -ion） 6 （一）后缀 -ing：动词 → 名词 6 （二）后缀 -ness：形容词 → 名词 7 （三）后缀 -ion：动词 → 名词 7 （四）中考题型练习题 7 三、分层精练 9 （一）单项选择 9 （二）单词拼写 13 （三）完成句子 15 （四）选词填空 16 （五）阅读理解 17 一、语法讲解：动词+动词不定式 （一） 核心结构：动词 + to do (动词不定式) 用法： 表示意图、计划、愿望、决定等。 常见动词： want, hope, plan, decide, agree, try, learn, need, would like, begin/start, forget (to do), remember (to do), promise, offer, refuse, manage, fail, choose 等。 搭配： want/hope/plan/decide... to do sth 例： I plan to visit Shanghai next month. / She needs to finish her homework. （二）表达目的：动词不定式 (to do) 和 in order to do to do： 最常用、简洁，可放句首（强调）或句尾。 句首： To save money, he rides a bike to work. 句尾： He rides a bike to work to save money. in order to do： 语气更正式、强调目的，可放句首（更常见）或句尾。 句首： In order to pass the exam, she studies late every night. 句尾： She studies late every night in order to pass the exam. 否定目的： in order not to do sth / so as not to do sth (较少用) He spoke loudly in order not to be misunderstood. （三）动词 + 宾语 + (带to或不带to的) 动词不定式 1. 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth (带to): 常见动词： ask, tell, order, want, wish, would like, teach, advise, invite, encourage, allow, permit, expect, would prefer, would love, need 等。 搭配： ask/tell/want/allow... sb to do sth 例： The teacher asked us to be quiet. / My parents allow me to play games on weekends. 被动语态： 不定式to do保留。 (We were asked to be quiet.) 否定形式： 动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth (not 放在 to 前面！) The doctor told him not to eat spicy food. (医生告诉他不要吃辛辣食物。) 2. 动词 + 宾语 + do sth (不带to): 常见动词： 使役动词： let, make, have + sb + do sth let sb do sth (允许)： Let me try. make sb do sth (迫使/使得)： The joke made us laugh. have sb do sth (安排/让)： I'll have the assistant call you back. (美式) 感官动词： see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel + sb + do sth (强调动作全过程或经常性) I saw him cross the street. (我看到他过了马路 - 全过程) We often hear her sing. (我们经常听到她唱歌 - 习惯性) 被动语态： 只有 make 常用被动，且必须恢复 to (be made to do sth)。let 很少用被动。have 不用于此结构被动。 主动： The boss made them work late. → 被动： They were made to work late. 3.help 的特殊用法 (重点！)： help sb (to) do sth - to 可带可不带！两种形式都正确，意思相同。 Can you help me (to) carry this box? (你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？) 被动语态： be helped to do sth (to 必须保留！) She was helped to finish the project. (有人帮助她完成了项目。) （四） 否定形式总结 (关键点！) 在动词不定式前直接加 not： 动词 + (not) to do: decide not to go, want not to see 动词 + 宾语 + (not) to do: ask sb not to do, tell sb not to do, allow sb not to do (较少见，通常用 not allow sb to do) in order not to do not 的位置永远紧挨着 to，构成 not to do。 不能说 to not do (分裂不定式，在标准语法测试中通常视为错误)。 （五）中考题型练习题 I. 单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. My little brother is learning ______ a bike. He practices every afternoon. A. ride B. riding C. to ride D. rode 【答案】C 【详解】 learn 后接动词不定式作宾语，固定搭配 learn to do sth (学习做某事)。 2. The librarian told us ______ in the reading room. A. not talk B. don't talk C. not to talk D. to not talk 【答案】C 【详解】 tell sb (not) to do sth 是固定结构。否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth (not 放在 to 前面)。选项 D (to not talk) 是分裂不定式，不符合标准语法要求。 3. ______ catch the early flight, we set the alarm for 4:00 AM. A. In order that B. In order to C. So that D. For 【答案】B 【详解】 空格后是动词原形 catch，且句子表达目的（为了赶上早班飞机）。In order to do sth 引导目的状语，符合句意。In order that 和 So that 后接从句（需有主语和谓语）。For 是介词，后接名词或代词。 4. The sad ending of the movie made everyone ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案】A 【详解】 make sb do sth 是使役动词结构，要求宾语后接不带 to 的不定式。 5. Do you need someone ______ you with your luggage? A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 【答案】C 【详解】 need sb to do sth (需要某人做某事) 结构要求带 to 的不定式。 6. Can you help me ______ this math problem? It's too difficult for me. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. A or B 【答案】D 【详解】 help sb (to) do sth 结构中，to 可以省略也可以保留，两种形式 (help me solve / help me to solve) 都正确。选项 C (solving) 不符合 help 的标准搭配（虽然有时在非正式口语中听到，但考试中通常要求不定式）。 7. The children were very happy ______ the pandas at the zoo. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查形容词后的不定式表原因。be happy/glad/pleased/excited/surprised... to do sth 是常见搭配，表示“做某事感到高兴/兴奋等”。 8. We must avoid ______ the same mistake again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【答案】C 【详解】 本题考查 avoid 后接动名词 (doing sth) 作宾语的用法。avoid doing sth (避免做某事)。虽然主要考动名词，但它是易与不定式混淆的重要考点。 9. The little girl was heard ______ in her room last night. A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sung 【答案】C 【详解】 感官动词 hear 用于被动语态 be heard 时，后面作主语补足语的不定式必须带 to，即 be heard to do sth (强调听到动作发生)。选项 A (sing) 用于主动语态 (hear sb sing)。选项 D (sung) 是过去分词，表示被动或完成，不符合此处语境。 10. It's impolite ______ at others. A. point B. to point C. pointing D. pointed 【答案】B 【详解】 It is + 形容词 (impolite, important, necessary, easy, hard, kind...) + (for sb) + to do sth 是重要句型。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to point at others。 II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 11. My father promised __________ (take) us to the beach this weekend. (to take) 【详解】 promise to do sth (承诺做某事)。 12. The doctor advised my grandfather __________ (not smoke). (not to smoke) 【详解】 advise sb (not) to do sth (建议某人(不要)做某事)。否定形式为 advise sb not to do sth (not 放在 to 前面)。 13. Did you see the man __________ (enter) the building just now? (enter) 【详解】 see sb do sth (看见某人做了某事 - 强调动作全过程/完成)，要求不带 to 的不定式。 14. In order __________ (improve) his English, he watches English movies every week. (to improve) 【详解】 in order to do sth 表示目的。 15. They let the children __________ (choose) their favorite ice cream. (choose) 【详解】 let sb do sth (让某人做某事)，要求不带 to 的不定式。 III. 句型转换 / 完成句子 (灵活运用) 16. He spoke slowly and clearly. He wanted everyone to understand him. (合并为一句，用不定式表目的) 【答案】 -> He spoke slowly and clearly to make everyone understand him. (或: In order to make everyone understand him, he spoke...) 【详解】 用 to do 或 in order to do 引导目的状语。 17."Please help me clean the classroom," Lucy said to me. (改为间接引语) 【答案】 -> Lucy asked me to help her clean the classroom. (或: Lucy asked me to help her to clean the classroom.) 【详解】 直接引语中的祈使句 Please... 改为间接引语，用 ask/tell sb (not) to do sth 结构。help 后可带 to 可不带 to。 18.The noise made it hard for me to fall asleep. (保持句意基本不变) 【答案】 -> The noise made me unable to fall asleep. (或: The noise prevented me from falling asleep. - 非不定式，但同义转换) 【详解】 考查 make + 宾语 + 形容词/名词/不带 to 不定式 (此句用 unable 形容词)。原句 make it + adj. + for sb to do sth 也是重要结构。 IV. 完成句子 (根据中文提示完成句子) 19. 为了不吵醒宝宝，他们轻声说话。 They spoke quietly ______ ______ ______ ______ the baby. 【答案】(in order not to wake) 【详解】 in order not to do sth (为了不做某事)。 20. 这位善良的女士经常帮助邻居们修理东西。 The kind lady often ______ her neighbours ______ things. 【答案】(helps, (to) fix/repair) 【详解】help sb (to) do sth (帮助某人做某事)，to 可省略也可保留。动词用 fix 或 repair 均可。 二、词汇拓展：The suffixes -ing,-ness,and -ion(后缀-ing,-ness,and -ion） 我们可以在一下动词和形容词后添加后缀 -ing, -ness, -ion 来构成名词。 （一） 后缀 -ing：动词 → 名词（表动作/事物） 功能：构成动名词或表示动作结果的实物名词。 变化规则： 动词原形 变化规则 名词形式 一般动词 直接加 -ing read → reading（阅读） 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing dance → dancing（舞蹈） 重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音加 -ing swim → swimming（游泳） 用法： 作主语：Skating is fun. 作宾语：He enjoys painting. （二）后缀 -ness：形容词 → 名词（表状态/性质） 功能：将形容词变为抽象名词。 变化规则： 形容词原形 变化规则 名词形式 一般形容词 直接加 -ness kind → kindness（善良） 以 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 -ness happy → happiness（幸福） 以 le 结尾 去 e 加 -ness（少数） gentle → gentleness（温柔） 注意： 部分词需双写辅音：thin → thinness（瘦弱） （三） 后缀 -ion：动词 → 名词 （表行为/结果） 功能：表示动作过程或结果。 变化规则： 动词原形 变化规则 名词形式 以 -te 结尾 去 te 加-ion pollute → pollution（污染） 以 -ss/mit 结尾 直接加 -ion discuss → discussion（讨论） 以 -de 结尾 去 de 加 -sion decide → decision（决定） 特殊变形 需单独记忆 describe → description（描述） 注意： ion 变体：tion（invent → invention），ation（prepare → preparation） （四）中考题型练习题 A.单项选择 1. The ______ of the forest fire caused serious air pollution. A. break B. breaking C. broken 【答案】B 【详解】动词 break → 动名词 breaking（爆发），作主语表事件。 2. Her ______ to details made her an excellent scientist. A. attentive B. attentiveness C. attention 【答案】B 【详解】形容词 attentive → 名词 attentiveness（细心），强调性质。 3. The ______ of new technology has changed our lives. A. invent B. invention C. inventive 【答案】B 【详解】动词 invent → 名词 invention（发明物），作主语。 4. We should show ______ to the elderly. A. kind B. kindly C. kindness 【答案】C 【详解】形容词 kind → 名词 kindness（善意），固定搭配 show kindness to。 5. His ______ in the exam disappointed his parents. A. careless B. carelessness C. carefully 【答案】B 【详解】形容词 careless → 名词 carelessness（粗心），作主语。 B. 用所给词的正确形式填空 6. ______ (collect) stamps is her hobby. 【答案】Collecting 【详解】动词 collect → 动名词 collecting（收集），作主语。 7. The ______ (happy) on her face showed she passed the test. 【答案】happiness 【详解】形容词 happy → 名词 happiness（快乐），需变 y 为 i。 8. The ______ (invite) to the conference was a great honor. 【答案】invitation 【详解】动词 invite → 名词 invitation（邀请），去 e 加 ation。 C. 句型转换与改错 9. They decided to cooperate. (改为名词形式句) → Their ______ led to success. 【答案】decision 【详解】动词 decide → 名词 decision（决定），作主语。 10. The dark of the room made me nervous. (找出错误并改正) 【答案】dark → darkness 【详解】形容词 dark 不能直接作主语，需加 ness 变为名词 darkness（黑暗）。 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．Please remember ______ the letter for me on your way to school. A．to post B．posting C．post 【答案】A 【详解】句意：记得在你去学校的路上帮我寄信。 考查动词不定式。根据“Please remember...the letter for me”可知，remember to do sth.“记得做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to post。故选A。 2．—Did the book give the information you needed? —Yes. But ________ it, I had to read the whole book. A．to find B．find C．to finding D．finding 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书提供了你需要的信息吗？——对。但要找到它，我必须读完整本书。 考查非谓语动词。根据“…it, I had to read the whole book.”的语境可知，此处表示目的，用不定式结构，A项符合。故选A。 3．Our government (政府) is working to develop a safe online environment ________the students. A．to protect B．protecting C．protect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的政府正致力于为学生营造一个安全的网络环境，目的是保护学生。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Our government (政府) is working to develop a safe online environment … the students.”可知，这里应该用非谓语动词的不定式结构表示明确营造安全网络环境的目的。故选A。 4．To ________ the difficulty bravely, we need a great deal of courage. A．change B．take C．wonder D．face 【答案】D 【详解】句意：要勇敢地面对困难，我们需要极大的勇气。 考查动词辨析。change改变；take拿；wonder想知道；face面对。根据“To…the difficulty bravely, we need a great deal of courage.”的语境可知，此处指需要极大的勇气来面对困难。故选D。 5．As we all know, some animals are in danger now, so we must do what we can ________ them. A．save B．to save C．saving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都知道，一些动物现在处于危险之中，所以我们必须尽我们所能去拯救它们。 考查非谓语动词。根据“so we must do what we can…them”可知，此处应用动词不定式“to save”作目的状语，表示“尽我们所能去拯救它们”。故选B。 6．—We’re so tired. Can we stop ________ a rest? —Sure. Let’s sit there. A．having B．had C．to have D．have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们那么累。我们可以停下来休息一下吗？——当然可以。让我们坐在那儿。 考查非谓语动词。having是have的动名词形式；had是have/has的过去式；to have是动词不定式；have是动词原形。stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事，此处指停下来去休息，故应用to have。故选C。 7．The skirt was too expensive for her, so she decided ________ it. A．to buy B．buy C．not to buy D．buying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条裙子对她来说太贵了，所以她决定不买它。 考查非谓语动词。根据“decided”可知，decide (not) to do sth.“决定（不）去做某事”，结合“The skirt was too expensive for her”可知，裙子太贵了，所以她决定不买了，空处使用动词不定式的否定形式。故选C。 8．—The ticket to the World Park is ________ now. Why do you still keep it? —I had a great time there. When I see it, I think of the happy hours. A．endless B．meaningful C．hopeless D．useless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——世界公园的门票现在没用了。你为什么还留着它？——我在那里度过了美好的时光。当我看到它时，就会想起那些快乐的时光。 考查形容词辨析。endless无尽的；meaningful有意义；hopeless无希望的；useless没用的。根据“I had a great time there. When I see it, I think of the happy hours.”可知，虽然门票现在没有实际用途了，但对说话人来说有纪念意义。useless符合语境，故选D。 9．Tony is good at English, and he often helps me ________ English grammar on weekends. A．learning B．learned C．learns D．to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：托尼擅长英语，他经常在周末帮我学习英语语法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“he often helps me…English grammar on weekends.”可知，help sb. do/to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，动词短语。故选D。 10．—The movie The Wandering Earth tells us a story about how people tried to save Earth. —Yes. In the film, humans chose to stay on Earth ________ running away from it. A．as for B．thanks to C．instead of D．together with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电影《流浪地球》给我们讲述了一个人们如何努力拯救地球的故事。——是的。在电影中，人类选择留在地球上，而不是逃离它。 考查介词短语辨析。as for关于，至于；thanks to由于，多亏；instead of代替，而不是；together with和……一起。根据语境可知，此处是在描述电影中人类的选择，即他们选择留在地球上，而不是逃离。所以应该用instead of来表示“而不是”的意思。故选C。 11．—Why do you collect these shells, Jackie? —Because I love drawing tiny pictures inside them. A．very large B．very thin C．very small D．very heavy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jackie，你为什么收集这些贝壳？——因为我喜欢在它们里面画很小的画。 考查形容词辨析。very large非常大；very thin非常瘦；very small非常小；very heavy非常重。根据“Because I love drawing tiny pictures inside them.”可知此处指在贝壳里画画，由此可推知“tiny”意为“很小的”。故选C。 12．The baby ________ 3 kilograms when she was born. Do you know her ________ now? A．weighs; weight B．weighed; weight C．weight; weigh D．weighed; weighs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这婴儿出生时重3公斤。你现在知道她的体重了吗？ 考查时态和词汇辨析。weighs重，动词单数，weighed动词过去式；weight重量，名词。根据“The baby...3 kilograms when she was born.”可知，第一空填动词，且句子时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，排除A和C；根据her可知，第二空填名词，故选B。 13．Compared with other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is________ student. A．satisfied B．satisfying C．the most satisfying D．the most satisfied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：与其他好学生相比，老师认为汉克是最令人满意的学生。 考查形容词最高级。satisfied满足的；satisfying令人满意的；the most satisfying最令人满意的；the most satisfied最满足的。根据“Compared with other good students”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，与其他好学生相比，老师认为汉克是最令人满意的学生。故选C。 14．After practising for months, Tom finally solved the Maths problem ________. A．slowly B．unhappily C．badly D．easily 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经过数月的练习，汤姆终于轻松地解决了这个数学问题。 考查副词辨析。slowly慢慢地；unhappily不开心地；badly糟糕地；easily轻松地。根据“After practising for months”可知，经过长期练习后，结果应是正向的，“easily”能体现练习后的熟练状态。故选D。 15．After winning the singing competition, Sara’s heart was full of ________ . A．discouragement B．happiness C．patience D．curiosity 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在赢得歌唱比赛后，萨拉的心中充满了幸福。 考查名词辨析。discouragement失望；happiness快乐，幸福；patience耐心；curiosity好奇心。根据“After winning the singing competition”可知，萨拉因赢得歌唱比赛而开心，故选B。 （二）单词拼写 16．It is two months since he has realized the (严重的) problem. 【答案】serious 【详解】句意：自从他意识到这个严重的问题以来，已经过去两个月了。根据“the ... problem”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“problem”，表示问题的性质。serious“严重的”。故填serious。 17．The hospital provides (全天候的) care for patients. 【答案】round-the-clock 【详解】句意：这家医院为病人提供全天候的照料服务。根据“The hospital provides...care for patients.”可知，round-the-clock意为“全天候的”，形容词修饰名词。故填round-the-clock。 18．Jim said that he could (easy) solve the problem by himself. 【答案】easily 【详解】句意：Jim说，他自己可以轻松解决这个问题。根据“solve”及提示词可知，此处应用副词修饰动词solve，easy的副词形式easily。故填easily。 19．I don’t like living in the city center because there’s too much light (污染). 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我不喜欢住在市中心，因为有太多的光污染。pollution“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。 20． (多亏了) their shining spirit, the players will rise to every challenge. 【答案】 Thanks to 【详解】句意：多亏了他们闪耀的精神，这些运动员将能够迎接每一个挑战。thanks to多亏了，句首单词首字母大写。故填Thanks；to。 21．Little animals need our (保护). 【答案】protection 【详解】句意：小动物需要我们的保护。根据“Little animals need our...”以及汉语提示可知，此处需要一个名词，表达“保护”的意思。protection“保护”，名词，“need one’s protection”表示“需要某人的保护”。故填protection 。 22．He volunteered to care for the (有病) girl in the hospital. 【答案】sick 【详解】句意：他自愿去医院照顾生病的女孩。sick“有病的”，形容词，作定语。故填sick。 23．Eating too much salt can (增加) the risk of many serious diseases like high pressure. 【答案】increase 【详解】句意：吃太多盐会增加许多严重疾病的风险，如高血压。括号内中文提示为“增加”，对应英文动词为“increase”。根据“can…the risk”可知，情态动词后使用动词原形。故填increase。 24．Ants are (very small) animals, but they have their own place in nature. 【答案】tiny 【详解】句意：蚂蚁是非常小的动物，但它们在自然界中有自己的地位。根据英文解释可知，空处指“极小的”，需英文tiny，形容词修饰名词animals。故填tiny。 25．Are you (认真)? You can’t just give up your job so soon. 【答案】serious 【详解】句意：你是认真的吗？你不能这么快就放弃工作。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填serious“认真的”，形容词作表语。故填serious。 26．The strong sunshine does harm to our skin. (即使) dark-skinned women should use sunscreens. 【答案】Even if 【详解】句意：强烈的阳光对我们的皮肤有害。即使深色皮肤的女性也应该使用防晒霜。even if“即使”，在这里引导让步状语，符合句意逻辑，位于句首首字母大写。故填Even if。 27．The baby pandas often weigh about 100 to 200 grams at (出生). 【答案】birth 【详解】句意：熊猫宝宝出生时体重通常在100到200克左右。at birth“出生时”，故填birth。 28．The earth is (main) made of iron and silicon and things like these. 【答案】mainly 【详解】句意：地球主要由铁、硅以及诸如此类的物质构成。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词“is made of”，“main”的副词形式是“mainly”，意为“主要地”。故填mainly。 29． Mark Twain’s book describes how those bad people pay for their (action). 【答案】actions 【详解】句意：马克·吐温的书描述了那些坏人是如何为他们的行为付出代价的。根据“those bad people pay for their”可知，坏人的行为是具体多个的，“action”需用其复数形式“actions”。故填actions。 30．The (wisely) you spend your pocket money, the happier your life will be. 【答案】more wisely 【详解】句意：你越明智地花费你的零花钱，你的生活就会越幸福。wisely“明智地”，副词，分析可知此处符合“the+ 比较级 ，the+ 比较级”结构, 表示“越……，就越……”，故填more wisely。 （三）完成句子 31．Mary didn’t want to stop for meals. (改为同义句) Mary didn’t want to stop meals. 【答案】 to have 【详解】句意：玛丽不想停下来吃饭。此题要求改为同义句。根据句子结构可知，原句中的stop for meals=stop to have meals意为“停下来吃饭”。故填to；have。 32．To protect the environment, we should use reused materials more. We should use reused materials more to protect the environment. 【答案】 in order 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，我们应该更多地使用可重复使用的材料。分析题干可知，更多地使用可重复使用的材料是为了保护环境。in order to“为了”符合语境。故填in；order。 33．I save a lot of money so that I can visit Mount Tai this summer. (改为同义句) I save a lot of money visit Mount Tai this summer. 【答案】 in order to 【详解】句意：我存了很多钱，以便我可以在这个夏天去泰山了。so that“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，与in order to同义，in order to后接动词原形。故填in；order；to。 34．尽管有许多困难，但你必须尽力。 You have to try your best there are a lot of difficulties. 【答案】even if/even though/although/though 【详解】根据中英文句子可知，空处填“尽管”。尽管：even if/even though/although/though。故填even if/even though/although/though。 35．别为你的弟弟担心。我会照顾好他的。 Don’t worry about your little brother. I’ll him well. 【答案】look after 【详解】根据中英文句子可知，空处填“照顾”。will do sth“将会做某事”；look after“照顾”，故填look after。 36．让我们一起努力，帮助动物在野外安全地生活。 Let’s work together to help the animals live safely. 【答案】in the wild 【详解】在野外：in the wild，介词短语，故填in the wild。 （四）选词填空 请根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺（每个单词限用一次） effort  danger  lucky  increase  mean 37．The number of different clubs in our school is term by term. 38．I’m sure that our dreams will come true through our . 39． , we’re in the age of AI technology. Everything can be smart. 40．I don’t know the of the word “btw”. Could you tell me? 41．Skateboarding is a kind of sport. We should be careful. 【答案】37．increasing 38．effort/efforts 39．Luckily 40．meaning 41．dangerous 【详解】37．句意：我们学校不同的俱乐部数量正在逐学期增加。根据“The number of different clubs in our school is...term by term.”及备选词汇可知，本空缺少谓语动词，数量在“增加”，选词increase“增加”；根据“is”可知，应该用increase的现在分词形式。故填increasing。 38．句意：我确信，通过我们的努力，我们的梦想会实现。根据“our dreams will come true through our...”及备选词汇可知，本空缺少名词作宾语，通过“努力”才会实现梦想，选词effort“努力”，可用作可数名词复数或不可数名词。故填effort/efforts。 39．句意：幸运的是，我们身处AI技术时代。一切都可以是智能的。根据“..., we’re in the age of AI technology. Everything can be smart.”及备选词汇可知，本空缺少副词强调整个句子，一切都可以是智能的，说明很“幸运”，选词lucky“幸运的”，用其副词形式，句首要大写首字母。故填Luckily。 40．句意：我不知道“btw”这个词的意思。你能告诉我吗？根据“I don’t know the...of the word ‘btw’. Could you tell me?”及备选词汇可知，本空缺少名词作宾语，不知道这个词的“意思”，选词mean“意思是”，用其名词单数形式。故填meaning。 41．句意：滑板是一种危险的运动。我们应该小心点。根据“Skateboarding is a kind of...sport. We should be careful.”及备选词汇可知，本空缺少形容词作定语，“我们”要小心点是因为这项运动很“危险”，选词danger“危险”，用其形容词形式。故填dangerous。 （五）阅读理解 How was your summer vacation? My family visited Everglades National Park in America this vacation. 42 On the first day, when we got to the park, it was getting dark. As we went down the road, I almost stepped (踩) on something! 43 We turned on our flashlights and we took a close look and found it was an alligator (短吻鳄). That was scary but interesting. There were quite a few alligators around. 44 She told us that we’d better turn off the flashlights so that we could see them more clearly. On the second day, we saw another kind of interesting animal—dolphins (海豚). 45 They were kept in the pool dancing or playing games for people. But in Everglades National Park, we saw them swimming freely and happily in the river. Some of them jumped out of the water. 46 My youngest sister was so excited that she jumped up and down. After about five minutes, it seemed that they felt bored and swam away. It was such an interesting trip that I would never forget it. A．We wondered what it was. B．We once saw them at the zoo. C．Just at that time, a park worker walked by. D．We all wanted to play with the alligator. E．I enjoyed it because I saw wonderful wild animals up close. F．We were too afraid to get close to the alligator. G．Six dolphins even followed our ship as if they were racing us. 【答案】42．E 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．G 【详解】文章主要讲述了作者暑假和家人去大沼泽地国家公园游玩的经历，包括看到了短吻鳄和海豚等野生动物，介绍了近距离观察它们的有趣过程。 42．根据“My family visited Everglades National Park in America this vacation.”及下文和选项可知，此处应是一个总起句，引出下文内容，E项“我喜欢它，因为我近距离看到了奇妙的野生动物。”符合语境。故选E。 43．根据“As we went down the road, I almost stepped (踩) on something”以及“We turned on our flashlights and we took a close look and found it was an alligator.”及选项可知，空处应是想知道碰到的是什么。A项“我们想知道那是什么。”符合语境。故选A。 44．根据“She told us that we’d better turn off the flashlights so that we could see them more clearly.”可知 ，空处应是引出she所指的人物。C项“就在那时，一名公园工作人员走过。”符合语境。故选C。 45．根据“They were kept in the pool dancing or playing games for people. But in Everglades National Park, we saw them swimming freely and happily in the river.”及选项可知，空处应是作者在动物园见过海豚。B项“我们以前在动物园见过它们。”符合语境。故选B。 46．根据“After about five minutes, it seemed that they felt bored and swam away.”可知，此处表示 海豚跟着他们，G项“六只海豚甚至跟着我们的船，好像它们在和我们比赛。”符合语境。故选G。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Wild animals. （Reading·Grammar·Word power） （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词+动词不定式 1 （一） 核心结构：动词 + to do (动词不定式) 1 （二）表达目的：动词不定式 (to do) 和 in order to do 2 （三）动词 + 宾语 + (带to或不带to的) 动词不定式 2 （四） 否定形式总结 (关键点！) 3 （五）中考题型练习题 3 二、词汇拓展：The suffixes -ing,-ness,and -ion(后缀-ing,-ness,and -ion） 5 （一）后缀 -ing：动词 → 名词 5 （二）后缀 -ness：形容词 → 名词 5 （三）后缀 -ion：动词 → 名词 5 （四）中考题型练习题 6 三、分层精练 7 （一）单项选择 7 （二）单词拼写 9 （三）完成句子 9 （四）选词填空 10 （五）阅读理解 10 一、语法讲解：动词+动词不定式 （一） 核心结构：动词 + to do (动词不定式) 用法： 表示意图、计划、愿望、决定等。 常见动词： want, hope, plan, decide, agree, try, learn, need, would like, begin/start, forget (to do), remember (to do), promise, offer, refuse, manage, fail, choose 等。 搭配： want/hope/plan/decide... to do sth 例： I plan to visit Shanghai next month. / She needs to finish her homework. （二）表达目的：动词不定式 (to do) 和 in order to do to do： 最常用、简洁，可放句首（强调）或句尾。 句首： To save money, he rides a bike to work. 句尾： He rides a bike to work to save money. in order to do： 语气更正式、强调目的，可放句首（更常见）或句尾。 句首： In order to pass the exam, she studies late every night. 句尾： She studies late every night in order to pass the exam. 否定目的： in order not to do sth / so as not to do sth (较少用) He spoke loudly in order not to be misunderstood. （三）动词 + 宾语 + (带to或不带to的) 动词不定式 1. 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth (带to): 常见动词： ask, tell, order, want, wish, would like, teach, advise, invite, encourage, allow, permit, expect, would prefer, would love, need 等。 搭配： ask/tell/want/allow... sb to do sth 例： The teacher asked us to be quiet. / My parents allow me to play games on weekends. 被动语态： 不定式to do保留。 (We were asked to be quiet.) 否定形式： 动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth (not 放在 to 前面！) The doctor told him not to eat spicy food. (医生告诉他不要吃辛辣食物。) 2. 动词 + 宾语 + do sth (不带to): 常见动词： 使役动词： let, make, have + sb + do sth let sb do sth (允许)： Let me try. make sb do sth (迫使/使得)： The joke made us laugh. have sb do sth (安排/让)： I'll have the assistant call you back. (美式) 感官动词： see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel + sb + do sth (强调动作全过程或经常性) I saw him cross the street. (我看到他过了马路 - 全过程) We often hear her sing. (我们经常听到她唱歌 - 习惯性) 被动语态： 只有 make 常用被动，且必须恢复 to (be made to do sth)。let 很少用被动。have 不用于此结构被动。 主动： The boss made them work late. → 被动： They were made to work late. 3.help 的特殊用法 (重点！)： help sb (to) do sth - to 可带可不带！两种形式都正确，意思相同。 Can you help me (to) carry this box? (你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？) 被动语态： be helped to do sth (to 必须保留！) She was helped to finish the project. (有人帮助她完成了项目。) （四） 否定形式总结 (关键点！) 在动词不定式前直接加 not： 动词 + (not) to do: decide not to go, want not to see 动词 + 宾语 + (not) to do: ask sb not to do, tell sb not to do, allow sb not to do (较少见，通常用 not allow sb to do) in order not to do not 的位置永远紧挨着 to，构成 not to do。 不能说 to not do (分裂不定式，在标准语法测试中通常视为错误)。 （五）中考题型练习题 I. 单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. My little brother is learning ______ a bike. He practices every afternoon. A. ride B. riding C. to ride D. rode 2. The librarian told us ______ in the reading room. A. not talk B. don't talk C. not to talk D. to not talk 3. ______ catch the early flight, we set the alarm for 4:00 AM. A. In order that B. In order to C. So that D. For 4. The sad ending of the movie made everyone ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 5. Do you need someone ______ you with your luggage? A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 6. Can you help me ______ this math problem? It's too difficult for me. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. A or B 7. The children were very happy ______ the pandas at the zoo. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 8. We must avoid ______ the same mistake again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 9. The little girl was heard ______ in her room last night. A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sung 10. It's impolite ______ at others. A. point B. to point C. pointing D. pointed II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 11. My father promised __________ (take) us to the beach this weekend. (to take) 12. The doctor advised my grandfather __________ (not smoke). (not to smoke) 13. Did you see the man __________ (enter) the building just now? (enter) 14. In order __________ (improve) his English, he watches English movies every week. (to improve) 15. They let the children __________ (choose) their favorite ice cream. (choose) III. 句型转换 / 完成句子 (灵活运用) 16. He spoke slowly and clearly. He wanted everyone to understand him. (合并为一句，用不定式表目的) 17."Please help me clean the classroom," Lucy said to me. (改为间接引语) 18.The noise made it hard for me to fall asleep. (保持句意基本不变) IV. 完成句子 (根据中文提示完成句子) 19. 为了不吵醒宝宝，他们轻声说话。 They spoke quietly ______ ______ ______ ______ the baby. 20. 这位善良的女士经常帮助邻居们修理东西。 The kind lady often ______ her neighbours ______ things. 二、词汇拓展：The suffixes -ing,-ness,and -ion(后缀-ing,-ness,and -ion） 我们可以在一下动词和形容词后添加后缀 -ing, -ness, -ion 来构成名词。 （一） 后缀 -ing：动词 → 名词（表动作/事物） 功能：构成动名词或表示动作结果的实物名词。 变化规则： 动词原形 变化规则 名词形式 一般动词 直接加 -ing read → reading（阅读） 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing dance → dancing（舞蹈） 重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音加 -ing swim → swimming（游泳） 用法： 作主语：Skating is fun. 作宾语：He enjoys painting. （二）后缀 -ness：形容词 → 名词（表状态/性质） 功能：将形容词变为抽象名词。 变化规则： 形容词原形 变化规则 名词形式 一般形容词 直接加 -ness kind → kindness（善良） 以 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 -ness happy → happiness（幸福） 以 le 结尾 去 e 加 -ness（少数） gentle → gentleness（温柔） 注意： 部分词需双写辅音：thin → thinness（瘦弱） （三） 后缀 -ion：动词 → 名词 （表行为/结果） 功能：表示动作过程或结果。 变化规则： 动词原形 变化规则 名词形式 以 -te 结尾 去 te 加-ion pollute → pollution（污染） 以 -ss/mit 结尾 直接加 -ion discuss → discussion（讨论） 以 -de 结尾 去 de 加 -sion decide → decision（决定） 特殊变形 需单独记忆 describe → description（描述） 注意： ion 变体：tion（invent → invention），ation（prepare → preparation） （四）中考题型练习题 A.单项选择 1. The ______ of the forest fire caused serious air pollution. A. break B. breaking C. broken 【答案】B 【详解】动词 break → 动名词 breaking（爆发），作主语表事件。 2. Her ______ to details made her an excellent scientist. A. attentive B. attentiveness C. attention 【答案】B 【详解】形容词 attentive → 名词 attentiveness（细心），强调性质。 3. The ______ of new technology has changed our lives. A. invent B. invention C. inventive 【答案】B 【详解】动词 invent → 名词 invention（发明物），作主语。 4. We should show ______ to the elderly. A. kind B. kindly C. kindness 【答案】C 【详解】形容词 kind → 名词 kindness（善意），固定搭配 show kindness to。 5. His ______ in the exam disappointed his parents. A. careless B. carelessness C. carefully 【答案】B 【详解】形容词 careless → 名词 carelessness（粗心），作主语。 B. 用所给词的正确形式填空 6. ______ (collect) stamps is her hobby. 【答案】Collecting 【详解】动词 collect → 动名词 collecting（收集），作主语。 7. The ______ (happy) on her face showed she passed the test. 【答案】happiness 【详解】形容词 happy → 名词 happiness（快乐），需变 y 为 i。 8. The ______ (invite) to the conference was a great honor. 【答案】invitation 【详解】动词 invite → 名词 invitation（邀请），去 e 加 ation。 C. 句型转换与改错 9. They decided to cooperate. (改为名词形式句) → Their ______ led to success. 【答案】decision 【详解】动词 decide → 名词 decision（决定），作主语。 10. The dark of the room made me nervous. (找出错误并改正) 【答案】dark → darkness 【详解】形容词 dark 不能直接作主语，需加 ness 变为名词 darkness（黑暗）。 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．Please remember ______ the letter for me on your way to school. A．to post B．posting C．post 2．—Did the book give the information you needed? —Yes. But ________ it, I had to read the whole book. A．to find B．find C．to finding D．finding 3．Our government (政府) is working to develop a safe online environment ________the students. A．to protect B．protecting C．protect 4．To ________ the difficulty bravely, we need a great deal of courage. A．change B．take C．wonder D．face 5．As we all know, some animals are in danger now, so we must do what we can ________ them. A．save B．to save C．saving 6．—We’re so tired. Can we stop ________ a rest? —Sure. Let’s sit there. A．having B．had C．to have D．have 7．The skirt was too expensive for her, so she decided ________ it. A．to buy B．buy C．not to buy D．buying 8．—The ticket to the World Park is ________ now. Why do you still keep it? —I had a great time there. When I see it, I think of the happy hours. A．endless B．meaningful C．hopeless D．useless 9．Tony is good at English, and he often helps me ________ English grammar on weekends. A．learning B．learned C．learns D．to learn 10．—The movie The Wandering Earth tells us a story about how people tried to save Earth. —Yes. In the film, humans chose to stay on Earth ________ running away from it. A．as for B．thanks to C．instead of D．together with 11．—Why do you collect these shells, Jackie? —Because I love drawing tiny pictures inside them. A．very large B．very thin C．very small D．very heavy 12．The baby ________ 3 kilograms when she was born. Do you know her ________ now? A．weighs; weight B．weighed; weight C．weight; weigh D．weighed; weighs 13．Compared with other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is________ student. A．satisfied B．satisfying C．the most satisfying D．the most satisfied 14．After practising for months, Tom finally solved the Maths problem ________. A．slowly B．unhappily C．badly D．easily 15．After winning the singing competition, Sara’s heart was full of ________ . A．discouragement B．happiness C．patience D．curiosity （二）单词拼写 16．It is two months since he has realized the (严重的) problem. 17．The hospital provides (全天候的) care for patients. 18．Jim said that he could (easy) solve the problem by himself. 19．I don’t like living in the city center because there’s too much light (污染). 20． (多亏了) their shining spirit, the players will rise to every challenge. 21．Little animals need our (保护). 22．He volunteered to care for the (有病) girl in the hospital. 23．Eating too much salt can (增加) the risk of many serious diseases like high pressure. 24．Ants are (very small) animals, but they have their own place in nature. 25．Are you (认真)? You can’t just give up your job so soon. 26．The strong sunshine does harm to our skin. (即使) dark-skinned women should use sunscreens. 27．The baby pandas often weigh about 100 to 200 grams at (出生). 28．The earth is (main) made of iron and silicon and things like these. 29． Mark Twain’s book describes how those bad people pay for their (action). 30．The (wisely) you spend your pocket money, the happier your life will be. （三）完成句子 31．Mary didn’t want to stop for meals. (改为同义句) Mary didn’t want to stop meals. 32．To protect the environment, we should use reused materials more. We should use reused materials more to protect the environment. 33．I save a lot of money so that I can visit Mount Tai this summer. (改为同义句) I save a lot of money visit Mount Tai this summer. 34．尽管有许多困难，但你必须尽力。 You have to try your best there are a lot of difficulties. 35．别为你的弟弟担心。我会照顾好他的。 Don’t worry about your little brother. I’ll him well. 36．让我们一起努力，帮助动物在野外安全地生活。 Let’s work together to help the animals live safely. （四）选词填空 请根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺（每个单词限用一次） effort  danger  lucky  increase  mean 37．The number of different clubs in our school is term by term. 38．I’m sure that our dreams will come true through our . 39． , we’re in the age of AI technology. Everything can be smart. 40．I don’t know the of the word “btw”. Could you tell me? 41．Skateboarding is a kind of sport. We should be careful. （五）阅读理解 How was your summer vacation? My family visited Everglades National Park in America this vacation. 42 On the first day, when we got to the park, it was getting dark. As we went down the road, I almost stepped (踩) on something! 43 We turned on our flashlights and we took a close look and found it was an alligator (短吻鳄). That was scary but interesting. There were quite a few alligators around. 44 She told us that we’d better turn off the flashlights so that we could see them more clearly. On the second day, we saw another kind of interesting animal—dolphins (海豚). 45 They were kept in the pool dancing or playing games for people. But in Everglades National Park, we saw them swimming freely and happily in the river. Some of them jumped out of the water. 46 My youngest sister was so excited that she jumped up and down. After about five minutes, it seemed that they felt bored and swam away. It was such an interesting trip that I would never forget it. A．We wondered what it was. B．We once saw them at the zoo. C．Just at that time, a park worker walked by. D．We all wanted to play with the alligator. E．I enjoyed it because I saw wonderful wild animals up close. F．We were too afraid to get close to the alligator. G．Six dolphins even followed our ship as if they were racing us. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $