01 重塑对“风”的理解（台风、风能及其他）-2025-2026学年第一学期九年级英语阅读【热点·重点】话题（通用版）

话题01 重塑对“风”的理解（台风、风能及其他） 素材积累 “重塑对‘风’的理解（台风、风能及其他）”这一主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “自然现象与生态保护” 的子话题，同时隶属于 “人与自然” 核心主题范畴。从认知维度看，主题引导学生突破对 “风” 的单一感性认知，既理解台风等极端风力现象的科学属性、灾害影响及应对措施，又认识风能作为可再生能源的开发价值与环保意义；从语言维度看，专题聚焦自然现象描述、灾害场景叙述、能源话题议论等功能语境，对应课程标准中 “能读懂关于自然科学与环境话题的简短语篇，积累相关主题词汇与句式” 的能力要求，助力学生构建跨场景的主题语言体系。 句子积累 1.台风等极端风力描述 Over the past few years, typhoons have caused serious damage to coastal areas . （过去几年，台风给沿海地区造成了严重损害。） A fierce typhoon struck the city last night, with strong winds whipping the buildings . （昨晚一场猛烈的台风袭击了城市，狂风猛抽着建筑物。） When the storm swept through the village, many houses were left in ruins . （当风暴席卷村庄时，许多房屋沦为废墟。） The weather forecast warned that gale-force winds would hit the north tomorrow . （天气预报警告说，明天北风将达到大风级别。） It seemed as if the world were coming to an end when the tornado arrived . （龙卷风来临时，仿佛世界末日即将来临。） After the typhoon, water and electricity were hard to get in the affected area . （台风过后，受灾地区的水和电都很难获得。） Some people were trapped in their houses because of the violent wind . （由于狂风，一些人被困在自己家中。） The howling wind could be heard clearly even inside the room . （即使在房间里也能清晰地听到狂风的怒号。） 2.风能与能源话题议论 Wind power is one of the most important renewable energies in the world . （风力是世界上最重要的可再生能源之一。） With global warming getting worse, developing wind energy becomes extremely urgent . （随着全球变暖加剧，开发风能变得极为迫切。） Wind turbines can generate electricity without causing pollution . （风力发电机可以在不造成污染的情况下发电。） Many countries have built large wind farms to promote green energy . （许多国家建造了大型风力发电场来推广绿色能源。） Wind energy is not only clean but also cheap to use . （风能不仅清洁，而且使用成本低。） We should rely more on wind power instead of fossil fuels . （我们应该更多地依赖风力，而不是化石燃料。） The development of wind energy is good for sustainable development . （风能的开发有利于可持续发展。） Wind farms do little harm to the environment compared with coal-fired power plants . （与燃煤发电厂相比，风力发电场对环境的危害很小。） More and more people have realized the importance of wind energy . （越来越多的人意识到了风能的重要性。） The technology for using wind energy has become very mature in recent years . （近年来，风能利用技术已经变得非常成熟。） 3.风的基本属性与变化描述 Light winds blew from the south all day yesterday .（昨天一整天都刮着来自南方的微风。） The wind strengthened gradually and turned into a storm .（风力逐渐增强，变成了一场风暴。） It’s a brisk morning with chilly winds blowing through the trees .（这是一个清爽的早晨，寒风穿过树林。） The wind direction changed suddenly, bringing warm air to the area . （风向突然改变，给该地区带来了温暖的空气。） Gusts of wind made the windmill rotate faster .（阵阵阵风使风车转得更快了。） When the wind died down, we went out to clean the yard .（风变小后，我们出去打扫院子。） 4.应对与观点表达 Governments need to invest in disaster prevention measures against typhoons .（政府需要投资于台风防灾措施。） We should plant more trees to act as windbreaks in windy areas .（我们应该在多风地区种更多树作为风障。） People have decided to make a change by using more wind energy .（人们决定通过使用更多风能来做出改变。） It is impossible to prevent all typhoons, but we can reduce their damage . （我们无法阻止所有台风，但可以减少其危害。） As far as I’m concerned, wind energy will play a key role in the future .（在我看来，风能将在未来发挥关键作用。） We should spare no effort to develop clean energy like wind power .（我们应该不遗余力地开发风能等清洁能源。） 必备词块 1.台风及极端风力相关 名词类：typhoon（台风）、hurricane（飓风）、tornado（龙卷风）、gale（大风）、cyclone（气旋）、storm-force wind（风暴级强风）、howling wind（怒号的风）、typhoon strike（台风袭击）、storm warning（风暴预警）、eye of the storm（风暴眼）、disaster（灾害）、damage（损害）、ruin（废墟） 动词 / 动词短语：strike（袭击）、hit（重创）、sweep through（席卷）、whip（猛抽）、rattle（使嘎吱作响）、cause damage（造成损害）、be trapped（被困） 形容词类：fierce（猛烈的）、violent（剧烈的）、stormy（有暴风雨的） 2.风能及能源开发相关 名词类：wind energy（风能）、wind power（风力）、wind turbine（风力发电机）、wind farm（风力发电场）、renewable energy（可再生能源）、green energy（绿色能源）、energy shortage（能源短缺）、power supply（电力供应）、sustainable development（可持续发展）、environmental protection（环境保护） 动词 / 动词短语：develop（开发）、promote（推广）、generate electricity（发电）、reduce pollution（减少污染）、run out（耗尽）、rely on（依赖） 形容词类：clean（清洁的）、mature（成熟的，指技术）、renewable（可再生的）、eco-friendly（环保的） 介词短语：due to（由于）、in terms of（在…… 方面） 3.风的综合描述及通用表达 名词类：wind direction（风向）、wind speed（风速）、wind pressure（风压）、breeze（微风）、gust（阵风）、windbreak（风障） 动词 / 动词短语：blow（刮）、strengthen（增强）、die down（减弱）、buffet（猛力吹打） 形容词类：gentle（温和的）、chilly（寒冷的）、blustery（多阵风的） 固定搭配：the roar of the wind（风的怒号） 实战演练 1 A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying (摧毁) fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged (破坏) and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.” Mrs. Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department (福利部) brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 1．How does the writer introduce the storm in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By comparing results. 2．How long did the storm last? A．About 30 minutes. B．About 40 minutes. C．Over 60 minutes. D．Less than 80 minutes. 3．What does the underlined word “flooded” mean? A．water-covered B．sand-covered C．grass-covered D．snow-covered 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage?（①=Paragraph 1; ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the text? A．A diary. B．A news report. C．A letter. D．An invitation. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了一场暴风雨造成的危害，详细介绍了人们在遭到暴风雨袭击时的感受以及灾后的救助。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者列举了较多的数字来介绍这场暴风雨。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted over an hour.”可知，暴风雨持续了一个多小时。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area.”可知，雨下得很大，暴雨把这一地区淹没了，因此，flooded在此处意为“被水淹没的”。故选A。 4．文章结构题。文章第一段总述暴风雨导致的后果；第二、三段是谭先生对暴风雨的描述，第四段是史密斯太太对暴风雨的描述；第五段讲述灾后救助情况。故选C。 5．推理判断题。由开头关键信息“A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.”及下文可知，本文报道了一场暴风雨袭击村庄的新闻，因此，文章是一则新闻报道。故选B。 2 Shanghai Hit by Strongest Storm in 70 Years On Monday, a very strong storm called Typhoon (台风) Bebinca hit Shanghai. It was the strongest storm in over 70 years. The city had to stop flights, trains, and close roads. The storm came at 7:30 in the morning with very strong winds. More than 400,000 people had to leave their homes and go to safe places like schools. Many places, like Shanghai Disney, closed because of the storm. All flights were stopped, and some trains and buses could not run. Some people did not have electricity (电力) or water. This is the second big storm in China this month. Scientists say that because of climate change (气候变化) , storms are getting stronger. Shanghai is not usually hit by storms this strong, but Bebinca caused a lot of problems. 1．Who met the strongest typhoon in over 70 years? A．People in Shanghai. B．People in Beijing. C．People in Guangzhou. D．People in Tokyo. 2．What happened to the planes and trains? A．They kept going. B．They stopped working. C．They arrived at night. D．They were late. 3．What does “this” mean in the 3rd paragraph? A．The electricity or water. B．The big storm. C．The climate change. D．Flights, trains, and closed roads. 4．What can we guess from the news? A．This was the first big storm in China this month. B．The big storm didn’t close any fun places. C．The weather is getting bad. D．Shanghai always has big storms. 5．Why did the writer tell us this news? A．To tell us to be careful during storms. B．To tell us what happened during the storm. C．To introduce storms in China. D．To tell us different storms. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【解析】本文是关于台风“贝碧嘉”袭击上海的新闻。 1．细节理解题。根据“On Monday, a very strong storm called Typhoon (台风) Bebinca hit Shanghai. It was the strongest storm in over 70 years.”可知，是上海人民遭遇最强台风。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The city had to stop flights, trains, and close roads.”可知，飞机和火车均停止运行。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some people did not have electricity (电力) or water. This is the second big storm in China this month.”可知，此句表示一些人没有电或水，这是本月中国的第二场大风暴。this指代的是大风暴（台风贝碧嘉）。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists say that because of climate change (气候变化), storms are getting stronger.”可知，气候变化使风暴变强，天气在变差。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读原文可知，本文通过介绍“贝碧嘉”台风，是客观报道风暴事件及其后果。故选B。 3 5 July, 2020, 4:30 pm, Mumbai (孟买) Heavy rains and strong winds for two days straight brought the normal life of the busy city to a stop. Not only Mumbai but also some other cities were seriously affected by the floods caused by this rainfall. According to the Indian government, the city received over 200 mm of rain in the last 48 hours. This is said to be the heaviest shower received by this city this year. Some suburbs and parts of the city have reported flooding and property damage. The water level rose above four feet in some areas causing serious damage. The central part of Mumbai was the worst affected. The electric poles in many areas fell down, which led to a blackout (停电) and brought death threat to a number of citizens. All means of the public transport were cancelled. North Konkan is very likely to receive heavy rainfall at faraway places for the next 24 hours. The effect will reduce later. Official sources said they had received some donations and contributions from all over the country. More and more people will pour in donations. It will take about two weeks to go back to normal. Citizens are required to avoid stepping out unnecessarily. For any help, they could call the helpline number. And the following tips may be helpful to you when it is raining: ◆If you are inside the room, close the door and windows. Turn off the electrical appliances if there is thunder or lightning. ◆If you are outside, wear raincoats or take the umbrella, and stay away from the walls, trees and electric poles. ◆If you are driving, drive slowly and carefully. Park your car if there is a rainstorm. 1．When did it begin to rain in Mumbai? A．On 1 July. B．On 2 July. C．On 3 July. D．On 4 July. 2．Which of the following were the effects the heavy rain brought to Mumbai? ①Some suburbs got flooded.            ②Some property was damaged. ③Only some transport stopped.          ④The electric poles fell down. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 3．What does the underlined phrase “pour in” in the third paragraph mean? A．take away from B．take hold of C．take out of D．take part in 4．What is this passage? A．An opinion. B．An interview. C．A story. D．A report. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了2020年7月5日孟买遭受大雨袭击的情况和捐助情况以及遭遇大雨时的注意事项。 1．推理判断题。根据“Heavy rains and strong winds for two days straight brought the normal life of the busy city to a stop.”可知，大雨连续下了两天了，再由“5 July, 2020, 4:30 pm, Mumbai (孟买)”可知，文章的日期是2020年7月5日，由此推断出应该是在7月3日开始下雨。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some suburbs and parts of the city have reported flooding and property damage.…The electric poles in many areas fell down, which led to a blackout (停电) and brought death threat to a number of citizens. All means of the public transport were cancelled.”可知，大雨导致一些郊区被洪水淹没、一些财产受到损失、电线杆倒塌和全部交通中断，所以①②④是正确的。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Official sources said they had received some donations and contributions from all over the country. More and more people will pour in donations.”可知，这一段谈到灾后的捐赠活动，越来越多的人将加入捐赠活动。短语pour in意为“加入”，与take part in同义。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章的结构和内容可知，本文是一则新闻报道，主要介绍了2020年7月5日孟买遭受大雨袭击的情况和捐助情况以及遭遇大雨时的注意事项。故选D。 4 How are typhoons (台风) or hurricanes (飓风) named? The practice of naming these storms has a long history. Before the 20th century, they were named by the time they appeared or the place where they landed. For example, the hurricane that destroyed Galveston in 1900 is remembered as the Great Galveston Hurricane. The practice of giving storms personal names appears to start from Clement Wragge. He was an Australian meteorologist (气象学家). In the 1890s, he named storms after women, story characters and so on. The modern system of using personal names developed during World War Ⅱ. At that time, people began using women’s names. Short and quickly understood, names were easier to send by radio and easier to remember if there was more than one storm in a given area. In 1953, the system was made formal. And men’s names were added to the list in 1979. How are storm names picked today? A special group of the World Meteorological Organization (世界气象组织) keeps lists of names for storms. The names on the list must be short, special, and have something to do with their cultural and geographic areas. For the Atlantic basin (盆地), there are six lists of 21 names each. If there are more than 21 named storms, Greek letters are used. For the Western Pacific/South China Sea basin, names on the lists are given by countries. The lists recur yearly. But if a hurricane or typhoon is especially destructive (破坏性的), that name will not be repeated again, such as Katrina (2005), Sandy (2012), Haiyan (2013), Meranti (2016), Harvey (2017), Irma (2017), and Michael (2018). 1．How does the writer begin the article? A．By listing a number. B．By showing an idea. C．By asking a question. D．By describing an accident. 2．What was the Great Galveston Hurricane named after? A．A person. B．A place. C．An animal. D．A tree. 3．When did people begin to use men’s names for storms? A．During World War Ⅱ. B．In 1953. C．In 1979. D．In 1900. 4．What does the underlined word “recur” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Change. B．Reduce. C．Repeat. D．Improve. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了台风和飓风名字的由来。   1．细节理解题。根据“How are typhoons (台风) or hurricanes (飓风) named?”可知，作者是通过问一个问题来开始这篇文章的，故选C。 2． 细节理解题。根据“Before the 20th century, they were named by the time they appeared or the place where they landed.”可知，Great Galveston 飓风是以地点来命名的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“And men’s names were added to the list in 1979.”可知，人们在1979 年开始用男人的名字来称呼风暴。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“But if a hurricane or typhoon is especially destructive ( 破坏性的 ), that name will not be repeated again, such as Katrina (2005), Sandy (2012), Haiyan (2013), Meranti (2016), Harvey (2017), Irma (2017), and Michael (2018).”可知，有些破坏性特别大的台风或飓风的名字将不会再被使用，所以此处说明这些名字会重复使用，因此repeat的意思是“重复”。故选C。 5 Typhoon Hagibis, rated “very strong”, hit Japan in October, 2019, bringing heavy rains and winds in many areas. It forced the cancellation of two Rugby World Cup matches. Nearly 130 flights were canceled and several train services were also canceled because of it. What’s more, over 200 people were injured and about 70 people died. People in Koriyama, one of Fukushima’s large cities, said they were taken by surprise by the flooding. The police were searching house-to-house to make sure nobody had been left behind or was in need of help. “______ and some houses have been completely swept away. I think it might be time to reconsider evacuation (疏散) plans,” said Masaharu Ishizawa, a 26-year-old high school teacher who was cleaning up at home. “I have never seen damage like this before, and maybe global warming and environmental change have something to do with it.” Part of his family’s back garden had been washed away by the flood, breaking water pipes and electricity lines. And his old house fell down after the flood washed its foundations away. The family was using water carried from a local community centre to clean up. Some survivors described how water rose rapidly to chest height within about an hour and mainly at night, making it hard to leave for higher ground. The Japanese officials said the typhoon brought a great loss to the country and it might take a long time to rebuild homes for the local people. 1．What is the first paragraph talking about? A．The cause of the typhoon. B．The effects of the typhoon. C．The exact place where the typhoon made a landing. D．The number of people who lost homes because of the typhoon. 2．What can be put in ______? A．I have lived in the city for many years B．The river has never flooded like this before C．My house was damaged badly in the typhoon D．The typhoon is one of the most serious natural disasters 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Masaharu Ishizawa? ①He thought global warming might cause the typhoon. ②He had to use flood water to clean his home. ③His back garden was washed away completely. ④His old house was destroyed because of the typhoon. A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 4．How did Masaharu’s family tidy up the back garden after the flood? A．They got help from the workers from the local community centre. B．They suffered from the flood and it washed away the dirt in the garden. C．They used the water given by the service center in the neighborhood. D．They rebuilt the back garden with the help of the Japanese officials. 5．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a government report. C．In a travel guide. D．In a science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了台风海贝思袭击日本，造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Typhoon Hagibis, rated “very strong”, hit Japan in October...What’s more, over 200 people were injured and about 70 people died.”可知，台风海贝思在2019年10月袭击日本，带来暴雨和大风，导致橄榄球世界杯比赛取消、航班和火车服务取消，还有很多人受伤和死亡等情况，这些都是台风带来的影响。故选B。 2．推理判断题。前文提到当地人们对洪水感到惊讶，后文提到Masaharu Ishizawa说自己从未见过这样的破坏，空白处应填入有关河流从未如此泛滥的内容，这是对当前情况的对比，结合选项，“The river has never flooded like this before”能很好地衔接上下文，体现出这次洪水的异常。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I have never seen damage like this before, and maybe global warming and environmental change have something to do with it.” 可知他认为全球变暖可能与台风有关，故①正确；根据第四段“The family was using water carried from a local community centre to clean up.”可知，这家人用从当地运来的水清理，而不是洪水，故②错误；根据第四段“Part of his family’s back garden had been washed away by the flood”可知，后花园被部分冲走，不是全部，故③错误；根据第四段“And his old house fell down after the flood washed its foundations away.” 可知他的老房子因台风被破坏，④正确。所以正确的是①④。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The family was using water carried from a local community centre to clean up.”可知，他们使用从当地社区中心运来的水进行清理。故选C。 5．推理判断题。本文主要是关于台风灾害的新闻报道，所以最有可能出现在报纸上。故选A。 6 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 1．What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 2．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 4．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级分类及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air.”可知，龙卷风有时可以把房屋和汽车卷到空中。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, ...”可知，第四段是关于龙卷风来临前应做的一些准备，D选项“应对龙卷风有很多不同的方法。”可以被放在第四段开头。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences.”可知，通过清除枯树或脆弱的栅栏来保持房屋和花园的清洁，“getting rid of”表示“扔掉”，与throwing同义。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级，接着对比了龙卷风和旋风的不同，最后提到了应对龙卷风的准备措施，整体是在向我们介绍龙卷风相关知识。故选A。 7 There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster, but what about the children? Some adults think it would probably never happen to them, so they don’t teach their children what to do. Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster. Educate: It is always good to let your child know about possible disasters. This doesn’t mean children have to live in fear. When teaching them about disasters, keep the conversation positive (积极的) by telling them there is a solution (解决办法) to the disaster. Keep the conversations short, allow for questions and answer honestly. Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children. For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine. Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters so that they know what is available for them if ever needed. Plan: You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation. Write out a simple list that they can read. Then plan could start with “Listen to an adult’s advice and/or call 119”. Practice: Once you have got the correct safety tools and worked out the right plan, practice every few months. Practicing what to do during a disaster with your child will help them if the time comes. Disaster’s can’t be avoided but they can be lessened (减轻) once you are prepared and ready for one. 1．What does the word “disaster” mean? A．灾难 B．命运 C．演戏 D．倾销 2．What’s the most important thing for children? A．Always ask adults for help. B．Always be prepared for a disaster. C．Always listen to an adult’s advice. D．Always remember where the tools are. 3．What is NOT suggested doing? A．Remembering what is needed in certain disasters. B．Getting the children to know the plan well. C．Helping people in disaster areas. D．Getting radios for bad weather. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【解析】本文作者从“教育、准备、计划和练习”四个方面给我们提出了一些安全建议，告诉我们如何让孩子们为可能的灾难做好准备。 1．词义猜测题。根据“There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster...Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster.”以及文章内容可知，文章介绍了一些方法，可以帮助孩子为可能的灾难做好准备，故此处画线部分意为“灾难”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children”可知最重要的事情是为灾难做好准备。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters”可知教你的孩子在某些灾难中需要什么；根据“You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation”可知应该为你和你的孩子制定一个应对任何危险情况的计划；根据“For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine”可知在为恶劣天气做准备时，准备好你需要的工具，如蜡烛、收音机、食物、水和药品。故选C。 8 A tornado (龙卷风) is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close. A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up (蜷缩) into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands. But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure (测量) what is happening in and around a tornado. One special tool is called a tornado probe (探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors (传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado. To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado. 1．If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe? A．Curl the legs up. B．Find a small room. C．Go to a basement. D．Stay in a bathroom. 2．What can the sensor in a probe measure? ①pressure     ②direction     ③temperature    ④wind power A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 3．What can we learn about the scientists from the last paragraph? A．They risk their lives studying tornadoes. B．They get close to a tornado to admire it. C．They can easily put the probe in the right place. D．They prevent the tornado forming by measurements. 4．What does the passage mainly tells us? A．What a tornado is. B．How dangerous a tornado is. C．Where a tornado may form and travel. D．How scientists do research work on tornadoes. 5．Where may you find this passage? A．In a novel. B．In a science magazine. C．In a storybook. D．In a guidebook. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了龙卷风的相关知识，主要是科学家如何研究龙卷风。 1．细节理解题。根据“A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor.”可知，安全的地方是地下室或者最低楼层。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction.”可知，探测器可以测量风速，温度，压力和方向。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. ”可知，为了测量数据，科学家需要把探测器靠近龙卷风或者进入龙卷风里，这是很危险的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章从第三段“They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes.”到最后一段都在介绍科学家如何研究龙卷风，可知本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风，可推知这篇文章最有可能在科学杂志上看到。故选B。 9 There is a great need to search for clean and renewable (可再生的) energy to meet our needs. It seems that wind energy is a good choice. Do you know anything about wind energy? The first advantage of wind energy is that it truly is a renewable resource. No matter how much wind we use to produce electricity, we will never reduce the supply of wind. This is its greatest advantage compared with non-renewable resources like coal or oil. Second, wind energy is a clean source of energy, which means it produces environment-friendly electricity. What’s more, the large towers, which provide the base for the wind turbines (涡轮机), don’t take up lots of space. They can share land with farms. However, each coin has two sides. That is to say wind energy does have some disadvantages. Wind does not provide supply of energy without stopping. Even the windiest places on earth have periods of calm. If there isn’t a strong wind, wind turbines are not able to produce electricity. The large blades of wind turbines can be very dangerous for birds and bats. The turbines cause noise pollution. It can also be bad to people living around. Although wind energy has disadvantages, its advantages should not be forgotten. 1．How many advantages of wind energy are talked about in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The large towers. B．Wind turbines. C．Energy resources. 3．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．wind energy is a non-renewable resource B．the greatest advantage of wind energy is renewable C．the windiest areas never have periods of calm 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了风能发电的优势和劣势。 1．细节理解题。根据“The first advantage of wind energy is that it truly is a renewable resource.”；“Second, wind energy is a clean source of energy, which means it produces environment-friendly electricity. ”；“What’s more, the large towers, which provide the base for the wind turbines (涡轮机), don’t take up lots of space.”可知，首先，风能的优势是它确实是一种可再生资源；其次，风能是一种清洁能源，这意味着它产生的电力对环境友好；更重要的是，为风力涡轮机提供基础的大型涡不占用太多空间，因此，风能一共有3个优势。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“What’s more, the large towers, which provide the base for the wind turbines (涡轮机), don’t take up lots of space. They can share land with farms.”可知，为风力涡轮机提供基础的大型塔不会占用太多空间，且它们可以与农场共享土地，因此划线词“They”指的是“large towers”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This is its greatest advantage compared with non-renewable resources like coal or oil.”可知，可再生是风能与煤炭、石油等相比不可再生资源相比的最大优势。故选B。 10 Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky? It is a common example of how humans use nature’s energy. Actually, humans can always think of ways to use energy in nature, such as the use of wind energy. And humans have been using this power for thousands of years. There are many facts about using wind. Boats were one of the most important forms of transportation for ancient people. Wind blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward. Modern technology can make wind power even more helpful by using it to produce electricity. Wind makes windmills turn faster, which helps change the power of the wind into electricity. Then the electricity travels through power lines and is sent out to homes and more. More importantly, wind energy is a clean and renewable source. Besides humans, plants also take advantage of wind power. Seeds (种子) are carried by wind to new places, allowing plants to spread and grow. A light wind can send hundreds of dandelion (蒲公英) seeds flying everywhere. When the seeds land, they can grow into new plants. And animals also make use of wind power. For example, birds use their wings to fly, but that takes a lot of energy. With the help of wind, they can fly much more easily. Spiders make strong silk in their bodies. Many baby spiders travel far by throwing a thread into the air and letting wind carry them away. Using wind energy is a step towards a greener and pollution-free environment. Next time you see a sailboat moving in the water or a bird flying in the sky, remember the power of wind. It’s a force of nature. And it is also a symbol of friendship between humans and nature. 1．Why does the writer give an example of using wind energy in Paragraph 1? A．To share an idea. B．To discuss a problem. C．To lead into the topic. D．To compare the facts. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The boats. B．The boatmen. C．The windmills. D．The power lines. 3．What can we know about the wind energy according to the text? A．It helps birds build their homes. B．It is friendly to the environment. C．It makes seeds grow in safe places. D．It protects animals from their enemies. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How wind helps. B．Why humans use wind. C．Where wind comes from. D．What animals do with wind. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了风能这种清洁的能源以及风能的作用。 1．推理判断题。根据“Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky?…humans can always think of ways to use energy in nature, such as the use of wind energy.”可知，第一段用“风筝”为例，意在引出“利用风能”这一话题，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Wind blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward.”可知，这一句话是说“风吹着船帆，然后推动它们前进”，因此“them”指代前文提到的“boats”，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“More importantly, wind energy is a clean and renewable source.”可知，风能是“清洁且可再生”，对环境友好，故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题；第二至四段展开列举事实；第五段总结并升华，因此文章是“总分总”结构。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕风如何帮助人类、植物和动物展开，核心是“风如何发挥作用”，故选A。 11 ①In 2023, China created the world’s largest wind turbine (涡轮机). The company that built it is called Mingyang Smart Energy. This amazing machine is called the MySE 16-260. It is an offshore wind turbine, which means it is placed in the ocean where the wind is strong. ②The MySE 16-260 is very large. Each of its blades (叶片) is 123 meters long— that’s longer than a soccer field! In one year, this wind turbine can produce enough electricity to power about 36,000 homes. ③Wind turbines work by using the wind to turn large blades. These blades make the machine go round to produce electricity. Wind energy is clean and does not pollute the air like coal or oil, which makes it better for the environment. ④Offshore wind turbines are important because they can catch stronger wind at sea and save land space. That’s why countries like China are building more wind farms in the ocean to get more clean energy. ⑤The MySE 16-260 shows that China is a leader in wind power technology. Building such a large turbine is a big step in fighting climate change. It is not only the world’s biggest wind turbine but also a symbol of a cleaner and greener future for us all. 1．What does the word “offshore” in paragraph 1 most likely mean? A．On land. B．In the air. C．In the sea. D．Near mountains. 2．What is special about the turbine’s blades according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Each blade is 132 meters in length. B．Each blade turns water into electricity. C．Each blade is longer than a football field. D．Each blade can provide electricity for 36,000 homes. 3．Why are offshore wind turbines like the MySE 16-260 important? A．Because they can save space in the ocean. B．Because they build more farms in the ocean. C．Because they can make the sea wind stronger. D．Because they can get stronger wind and save space on land. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④⑤ D．①/②/③④⑤ 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The blades of the wind turbines are useful. B．Wind turbines work by turning large blades. C．China built the world’s biggest offshore wind turbine. D．Wind turbines brought a cleaner world to many countries. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国在2023年建造的全球最大海上风力涡轮机MySE 16-260，包括其特点、工作原理及环保意义。 1．词义猜测题。根据“It is an offshore wind turbine, which means it is placed in the ocean where the wind is strong.”可知，它被安置在海洋中，可推知，划线单词表示在海洋中。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Each of its blades (叶片) is 123 meters long— that’s longer than a soccer field!”可知，每个叶片比一个足球场还要长。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Offshore wind turbines are important because they can catch stronger wind at sea and save land space”可知，海上风力涡轮机之所以重要，是因为它们能在海上捕捉更强的风力，同时节省陆地空间。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段引出主题“全球最大海上涡轮机”，第二到第四段从叶片尺寸、工作原理及海上优势具体介绍这个海上涡轮机；第五段进行总结。A选项符合其结构。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文围绕中国建造全球最大海上风机MySE 16-260展开，重点说明其技术成就和环保意义。故选C。 12 People have been using wind-power for a very long time. Over two thousand years ago, simple windmills (风车) were pumping water in China. These machines used wind power to work. Early windmills had four sails (翼板). The sails turned in the wind. Soon machines took over the work and windmills were used less and less. Today, there are new windmills called wind turbines (风力涡轮机). Wind turbines are different from windmills of the past. Wind turbines usually have three blades at the top of a very tall tower. The wind turns the blades. This powers a generator. This machine turns wind energy into electricity. The more the wind blows, the longer the blades turn. This makes more electricity.     Sometimes there are many wind turbines in one place. This is called a wind farm. These wind farms can only be built on certain sites. They need to be in places where the wind blows regularly. Flat, open lands are good places for wind farms. Wind farms are built on prairies and plains, along oceans and lakes, and in the desert. Land is not the only good place for wind farms. The wind is strong and steady over water because there is nothing to stop it. Some people plan to build wind farms in the middle of the ocean. Wind farms can cause problems. If birds hit the blades, they may be hurt. Some people think the turbines are hideous.They think the towers make the land look bad. Beach towns worry that people might stop coming to the beaches if there are turbines nearby. This could make local businesses lose money. Others complain about the hum the turbines make as they spin. Wind power also has many advantages. Wind is free and it will never run out. Wind turbines do not make pollution, so they are good for the environment. Wind power is becoming more popular in the United States. Over twenty-five states now have wind turbines. The next time you feel the wind blowing on your face, think about all of the things that energy could do for you! 1．The writer begins the passage with the history of windmills to show ________. A．that windmills have been used for a long time B．how windmills have changed over time C．that windmills are a new technology D．why we should protect wind farms 2．According to Paragraph 2, a generator ________. A．gives power to windmills B．builds blades at the top of a tall tower C．blows more winds with blades D．turns wind power into electricity 3．The underlined “hideous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean ________. A．beautiful B．dangerous C．special D．ugly 4．The writer’s purpose of writing the passage is ________. A．to give information about wind power B．to introduce the good things of wind power C．to encourage people to build wind farms D．to ask people to protect the environment 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了风力发电设备的构造和原理，以及风力发电的优缺点。 1．推理判断题。根据“People have been using wind-power for a very long time.”可知，作者以风车的历史作为开头，是为了展示人们使用风力发电已经有很长时间了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The wind turns the blades. This powers a generator. This machine turns wind energy into electricity.”可知，风使叶片转动，这为发电机提供动力，发电机从而把风能转化为电能。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some people think the turbines are hideous. They think the towers make the land look bad.”可知，有些人认为这些高高的塔让土地看起来很糟糕，可以推测他们认为风力涡轮机很难看。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“People have been using wind-power for a very long time.” “Wind farms can cause problems.” “Wind power also has many advantages.”可知，本文主要介绍了风能的利用，以及风力发电的优缺点。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 话题01 重塑对“风”的理解（台风、风能及其他） “重塑对‘风’的理解（台风、风能及其他）”这一主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “自然现象与生态保护” 的子话题，同时隶属于 “人与自然” 核心主题范畴。从认知维度看，主题引导学生突破对 “风” 的单一感性认知，既理解台风等极端风力现象的科学属性、灾害影响及应对措施，又认识风能作为可再生能源的开发价值与环保意义；从语言维度看，专题聚焦自然现象描述、灾害场景叙述、能源话题议论等功能语境，对应课程标准中 “能读懂关于自然科学与环境话题的简短语篇，积累相关主题词汇与句式” 的能力要求，助力学生构建跨场景的主题语言体系。素材积累 句子积累 1.台风等极端风力描述 Over the past few years, typhoons have caused serious damage to coastal areas . （过去几年，台风给沿海地区造成了严重损害。） A fierce typhoon struck the city last night, with strong winds whipping the buildings . （昨晚一场猛烈的台风袭击了城市，狂风猛抽着建筑物。） When the storm swept through the village, many houses were left in ruins . （当风暴席卷村庄时，许多房屋沦为废墟。） The weather forecast warned that gale-force winds would hit the north tomorrow . （天气预报警告说，明天北风将达到大风级别。） It seemed as if the world were coming to an end when the tornado arrived . （龙卷风来临时，仿佛世界末日即将来临。） After the typhoon, water and electricity were hard to get in the affected area . （台风过后，受灾地区的水和电都很难获得。） Some people were trapped in their houses because of the violent wind . （由于狂风，一些人被困在自己家中。） The howling wind could be heard clearly even inside the room . （即使在房间里也能清晰地听到狂风的怒号。） 2.风能与能源话题议论 Wind power is one of the most important renewable energies in the world . （风力是世界上最重要的可再生能源之一。） With global warming getting worse, developing wind energy becomes extremely urgent . （随着全球变暖加剧，开发风能变得极为迫切。） Wind turbines can generate electricity without causing pollution . （风力发电机可以在不造成污染的情况下发电。） Many countries have built large wind farms to promote green energy . （许多国家建造了大型风力发电场来推广绿色能源。） Wind energy is not only clean but also cheap to use . （风能不仅清洁，而且使用成本低。） We should rely more on wind power instead of fossil fuels . （我们应该更多地依赖风力，而不是化石燃料。） The development of wind energy is good for sustainable development . （风能的开发有利于可持续发展。） Wind farms do little harm to the environment compared with coal-fired power plants . （与燃煤发电厂相比，风力发电场对环境的危害很小。） More and more people have realized the importance of wind energy . （越来越多的人意识到了风能的重要性。） The technology for using wind energy has become very mature in recent years . （近年来，风能利用技术已经变得非常成熟。） 3.风的基本属性与变化描述 Light winds blew from the south all day yesterday .（昨天一整天都刮着来自南方的微风。） The wind strengthened gradually and turned into a storm .（风力逐渐增强，变成了一场风暴。） It’s a brisk morning with chilly winds blowing through the trees .（这是一个清爽的早晨，寒风穿过树林。） The wind direction changed suddenly, bringing warm air to the area . （风向突然改变，给该地区带来了温暖的空气。） Gusts of wind made the windmill rotate faster .（阵阵阵风使风车转得更快了。） When the wind died down, we went out to clean the yard .（风变小后，我们出去打扫院子。） 4.应对与观点表达 Governments need to invest in disaster prevention measures against typhoons .（政府需要投资于台风防灾措施。） We should plant more trees to act as windbreaks in windy areas .（我们应该在多风地区种更多树作为风障。） People have decided to make a change by using more wind energy .（人们决定通过使用更多风能来做出改变。） It is impossible to prevent all typhoons, but we can reduce their damage . （我们无法阻止所有台风，但可以减少其危害。） As far as I’m concerned, wind energy will play a key role in the future .（在我看来，风能将在未来发挥关键作用。） We should spare no effort to develop clean energy like wind power .（我们应该不遗余力地开发风能等清洁能源。） 必备词块 1.台风及极端风力相关 名词类：typhoon（台风）、hurricane（飓风）、tornado（龙卷风）、gale（大风）、cyclone（气旋）、storm-force wind（风暴级强风）、howling wind（怒号的风）、typhoon strike（台风袭击）、storm warning（风暴预警）、eye of the storm（风暴眼）、disaster（灾害）、damage（损害）、ruin（废墟） 动词 / 动词短语：strike（袭击）、hit（重创）、sweep through（席卷）、whip（猛抽）、rattle（使嘎吱作响）、cause damage（造成损害）、be trapped（被困） 形容词类：fierce（猛烈的）、violent（剧烈的）、stormy（有暴风雨的） 2.风能及能源开发相关 名词类：wind energy（风能）、wind power（风力）、wind turbine（风力发电机）、wind farm（风力发电场）、renewable energy（可再生能源）、green energy（绿色能源）、energy shortage（能源短缺）、power supply（电力供应）、sustainable development（可持续发展）、environmental protection（环境保护） 动词 / 动词短语：develop（开发）、promote（推广）、generate electricity（发电）、reduce pollution（减少污染）、run out（耗尽）、rely on（依赖） 形容词类：clean（清洁的）、mature（成熟的，指技术）、renewable（可再生的）、eco-friendly（环保的） 介词短语：due to（由于）、in terms of（在…… 方面） 3.风的综合描述及通用表达 名词类：wind direction（风向）、wind speed（风速）、wind pressure（风压）、breeze（微风）、gust（阵风）、windbreak（风障） 动词 / 动词短语：blow（刮）、strengthen（增强）、die down（减弱）、buffet（猛力吹打） 形容词类：gentle（温和的）、chilly（寒冷的）、blustery（多阵风的） 固定搭配：the roar of the wind（风的怒号） 实战演练 1 A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying (摧毁) fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged (破坏) and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.” Mrs. Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department (福利部) brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 1．How does the writer introduce the storm in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By comparing results. 2．How long did the storm last? A．About 30 minutes. B．About 40 minutes. C．Over 60 minutes. D．Less than 80 minutes. 3．What does the underlined word “flooded” mean? A．water-covered B．sand-covered C．grass-covered D．snow-covered 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage?（①=Paragraph 1; ②=Paragraph 2…） A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the text? A．A diary. B．A news report. C．A letter. D．An invitation. 2 Shanghai Hit by Strongest Storm in 70 Years On Monday, a very strong storm called Typhoon (台风) Bebinca hit Shanghai. It was the strongest storm in over 70 years. The city had to stop flights, trains, and close roads. The storm came at 7:30 in the morning with very strong winds. More than 400,000 people had to leave their homes and go to safe places like schools. Many places, like Shanghai Disney, closed because of the storm. All flights were stopped, and some trains and buses could not run. Some people did not have electricity (电力) or water. This is the second big storm in China this month. Scientists say that because of climate change (气候变化) , storms are getting stronger. Shanghai is not usually hit by storms this strong, but Bebinca caused a lot of problems. 1．Who met the strongest typhoon in over 70 years? A．People in Shanghai. B．People in Beijing. C．People in Guangzhou. D．People in Tokyo. 2．What happened to the planes and trains? A．They kept going. B．They stopped working. C．They arrived at night. D．They were late. 3．What does “this” mean in the 3rd paragraph? A．The electricity or water. B．The big storm. C．The climate change. D．Flights, trains, and closed roads. 4．What can we guess from the news? A．This was the first big storm in China this month. B．The big storm didn’t close any fun places. C．The weather is getting bad. D．Shanghai always has big storms. 5．Why did the writer tell us this news? A．To tell us to be careful during storms. B．To tell us what happened during the storm. C．To introduce storms in China. D．To tell us different storms. 3 5 July, 2020, 4:30 pm, Mumbai (孟买) Heavy rains and strong winds for two days straight brought the normal life of the busy city to a stop. Not only Mumbai but also some other cities were seriously affected by the floods caused by this rainfall. According to the Indian government, the city received over 200 mm of rain in the last 48 hours. This is said to be the heaviest shower received by this city this year. Some suburbs and parts of the city have reported flooding and property damage. The water level rose above four feet in some areas causing serious damage. The central part of Mumbai was the worst affected. The electric poles in many areas fell down, which led to a blackout (停电) and brought death threat to a number of citizens. All means of the public transport were cancelled. North Konkan is very likely to receive heavy rainfall at faraway places for the next 24 hours. The effect will reduce later. Official sources said they had received some donations and contributions from all over the country. More and more people will pour in donations. It will take about two weeks to go back to normal. Citizens are required to avoid stepping out unnecessarily. For any help, they could call the helpline number. And the following tips may be helpful to you when it is raining: ◆If you are inside the room, close the door and windows. Turn off the electrical appliances if there is thunder or lightning. ◆If you are outside, wear raincoats or take the umbrella, and stay away from the walls, trees and electric poles. ◆If you are driving, drive slowly and carefully. Park your car if there is a rainstorm. 1．When did it begin to rain in Mumbai? A．On 1 July. B．On 2 July. C．On 3 July. D．On 4 July. 2．Which of the following were the effects the heavy rain brought to Mumbai? ①Some suburbs got flooded.            ②Some property was damaged. ③Only some transport stopped.          ④The electric poles fell down. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 3．What does the underlined phrase “pour in” in the third paragraph mean? A．take away from B．take hold of C．take out of D．take part in 4．What is this passage? A．An opinion. B．An interview. C．A story. D．A report. 4 How are typhoons (台风) or hurricanes (飓风) named? The practice of naming these storms has a long history. Before the 20th century, they were named by the time they appeared or the place where they landed. For example, the hurricane that destroyed Galveston in 1900 is remembered as the Great Galveston Hurricane. The practice of giving storms personal names appears to start from Clement Wragge. He was an Australian meteorologist (气象学家). In the 1890s, he named storms after women, story characters and so on. The modern system of using personal names developed during World War Ⅱ. At that time, people began using women’s names. Short and quickly understood, names were easier to send by radio and easier to remember if there was more than one storm in a given area. In 1953, the system was made formal. And men’s names were added to the list in 1979. How are storm names picked today? A special group of the World Meteorological Organization (世界气象组织) keeps lists of names for storms. The names on the list must be short, special, and have something to do with their cultural and geographic areas. For the Atlantic basin (盆地), there are six lists of 21 names each. If there are more than 21 named storms, Greek letters are used. For the Western Pacific/South China Sea basin, names on the lists are given by countries. The lists recur yearly. But if a hurricane or typhoon is especially destructive (破坏性的), that name will not be repeated again, such as Katrina (2005), Sandy (2012), Haiyan (2013), Meranti (2016), Harvey (2017), Irma (2017), and Michael (2018). 1．How does the writer begin the article? A．By listing a number. B．By showing an idea. C．By asking a question. D．By describing an accident. 2．What was the Great Galveston Hurricane named after? A．A person. B．A place. C．An animal. D．A tree. 3．When did people begin to use men’s names for storms? A．During World War Ⅱ. B．In 1953. C．In 1979. D．In 1900. 4．What does the underlined word “recur” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Change. B．Reduce. C．Repeat. D．Improve. 5 Typhoon Hagibis, rated “very strong”, hit Japan in October, 2019, bringing heavy rains and winds in many areas. It forced the cancellation of two Rugby World Cup matches. Nearly 130 flights were canceled and several train services were also canceled because of it. What’s more, over 200 people were injured and about 70 people died. People in Koriyama, one of Fukushima’s large cities, said they were taken by surprise by the flooding. The police were searching house-to-house to make sure nobody had been left behind or was in need of help. “______ and some houses have been completely swept away. I think it might be time to reconsider evacuation (疏散) plans,” said Masaharu Ishizawa, a 26-year-old high school teacher who was cleaning up at home. “I have never seen damage like this before, and maybe global warming and environmental change have something to do with it.” Part of his family’s back garden had been washed away by the flood, breaking water pipes and electricity lines. And his old house fell down after the flood washed its foundations away. The family was using water carried from a local community centre to clean up. Some survivors described how water rose rapidly to chest height within about an hour and mainly at night, making it hard to leave for higher ground. The Japanese officials said the typhoon brought a great loss to the country and it might take a long time to rebuild homes for the local people. 1．What is the first paragraph talking about? A．The cause of the typhoon. B．The effects of the typhoon. C．The exact place where the typhoon made a landing. D．The number of people who lost homes because of the typhoon. 2．What can be put in ______? A．I have lived in the city for many years B．The river has never flooded like this before C．My house was damaged badly in the typhoon D．The typhoon is one of the most serious natural disasters 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Masaharu Ishizawa? ①He thought global warming might cause the typhoon. ②He had to use flood water to clean his home. ③His back garden was washed away completely. ④His old house was destroyed because of the typhoon. A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④ 4．How did Masaharu’s family tidy up the back garden after the flood? A．They got help from the workers from the local community centre. B．They suffered from the flood and it washed away the dirt in the garden. C．They used the water given by the service center in the neighborhood. D．They rebuilt the back garden with the help of the Japanese officials. 5．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a government report. C．In a travel guide. D．In a science magazine. 6 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 1．What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 2．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 4．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. 7 There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster, but what about the children? Some adults think it would probably never happen to them, so they don’t teach their children what to do. Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster. Educate: It is always good to let your child know about possible disasters. This doesn’t mean children have to live in fear. When teaching them about disasters, keep the conversation positive (积极的) by telling them there is a solution (解决办法) to the disaster. Keep the conversations short, allow for questions and answer honestly. Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children. For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine. Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters so that they know what is available for them if ever needed. Plan: You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation. Write out a simple list that they can read. Then plan could start with “Listen to an adult’s advice and/or call 119”. Practice: Once you have got the correct safety tools and worked out the right plan, practice every few months. Practicing what to do during a disaster with your child will help them if the time comes. Disaster’s can’t be avoided but they can be lessened (减轻) once you are prepared and ready for one. 1．What does the word “disaster” mean? A．灾难 B．命运 C．演戏 D．倾销 2．What’s the most important thing for children? A．Always ask adults for help. B．Always be prepared for a disaster. C．Always listen to an adult’s advice. D．Always remember where the tools are. 3．What is NOT suggested doing? A．Remembering what is needed in certain disasters. B．Getting the children to know the plan well. C．Helping people in disaster areas. D．Getting radios for bad weather. 8 A tornado (龙卷风) is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close. A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up (蜷缩) into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands. But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure (测量) what is happening in and around a tornado. One special tool is called a tornado probe (探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors (传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado. To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado. 1．If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe? A．Curl the legs up. B．Find a small room. C．Go to a basement. D．Stay in a bathroom. 2．What can the sensor in a probe measure? ①pressure     ②direction     ③temperature    ④wind power A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．②③④ 3．What can we learn about the scientists from the last paragraph? A．They risk their lives studying tornadoes. B．They get close to a tornado to admire it. C．They can easily put the probe in the right place. D．They prevent the tornado forming by measurements. 4．What does the passage mainly tells us? A．What a tornado is. B．How dangerous a tornado is. C．Where a tornado may form and travel. D．How scientists do research work on tornadoes. 5．Where may you find this passage? A．In a novel. B．In a science magazine. C．In a storybook. D．In a guidebook. 9 There is a great need to search for clean and renewable (可再生的) energy to meet our needs. It seems that wind energy is a good choice. Do you know anything about wind energy? The first advantage of wind energy is that it truly is a renewable resource. No matter how much wind we use to produce electricity, we will never reduce the supply of wind. This is its greatest advantage compared with non-renewable resources like coal or oil. Second, wind energy is a clean source of energy, which means it produces environment-friendly electricity. What’s more, the large towers, which provide the base for the wind turbines (涡轮机), don’t take up lots of space. They can share land with farms. However, each coin has two sides. That is to say wind energy does have some disadvantages. Wind does not provide supply of energy without stopping. Even the windiest places on earth have periods of calm. If there isn’t a strong wind, wind turbines are not able to produce electricity. The large blades of wind turbines can be very dangerous for birds and bats. The turbines cause noise pollution. It can also be bad to people living around. Although wind energy has disadvantages, its advantages should not be forgotten. 1．How many advantages of wind energy are talked about in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The large towers. B．Wind turbines. C．Energy resources. 3．According to the passage, we know that ________. A．wind energy is a non-renewable resource B．the greatest advantage of wind energy is renewable C．the windiest areas never have periods of calm 10 Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky? It is a common example of how humans use nature’s energy. Actually, humans can always think of ways to use energy in nature, such as the use of wind energy. And humans have been using this power for thousands of years. There are many facts about using wind. Boats were one of the most important forms of transportation for ancient people. Wind blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward. Modern technology can make wind power even more helpful by using it to produce electricity. Wind makes windmills turn faster, which helps change the power of the wind into electricity. Then the electricity travels through power lines and is sent out to homes and more. More importantly, wind energy is a clean and renewable source. Besides humans, plants also take advantage of wind power. Seeds (种子) are carried by wind to new places, allowing plants to spread and grow. A light wind can send hundreds of dandelion (蒲公英) seeds flying everywhere. When the seeds land, they can grow into new plants. And animals also make use of wind power. For example, birds use their wings to fly, but that takes a lot of energy. With the help of wind, they can fly much more easily. Spiders make strong silk in their bodies. Many baby spiders travel far by throwing a thread into the air and letting wind carry them away. Using wind energy is a step towards a greener and pollution-free environment. Next time you see a sailboat moving in the water or a bird flying in the sky, remember the power of wind. It’s a force of nature. And it is also a symbol of friendship between humans and nature. 1．Why does the writer give an example of using wind energy in Paragraph 1? A．To share an idea. B．To discuss a problem. C．To lead into the topic. D．To compare the facts. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The boats. B．The boatmen. C．The windmills. D．The power lines. 3．What can we know about the wind energy according to the text? A．It helps birds build their homes. B．It is friendly to the environment. C．It makes seeds grow in safe places. D．It protects animals from their enemies. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①= Paragraph 1…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How wind helps. B．Why humans use wind. C．Where wind comes from. D．What animals do with wind. 11 ①In 2023, China created the world’s largest wind turbine (涡轮机). The company that built it is called Mingyang Smart Energy. This amazing machine is called the MySE 16-260. It is an offshore wind turbine, which means it is placed in the ocean where the wind is strong. ②The MySE 16-260 is very large. Each of its blades (叶片) is 123 meters long— that’s longer than a soccer field! In one year, this wind turbine can produce enough electricity to power about 36,000 homes. ③Wind turbines work by using the wind to turn large blades. These blades make the machine go round to produce electricity. Wind energy is clean and does not pollute the air like coal or oil, which makes it better for the environment. ④Offshore wind turbines are important because they can catch stronger wind at sea and save land space. That’s why countries like China are building more wind farms in the ocean to get more clean energy. ⑤The MySE 16-260 shows that China is a leader in wind power technology. Building such a large turbine is a big step in fighting climate change. It is not only the world’s biggest wind turbine but also a symbol of a cleaner and greener future for us all. 1．What does the word “offshore” in paragraph 1 most likely mean? A．On land. B．In the air. C．In the sea. D．Near mountains. 2．What is special about the turbine’s blades according to paragraph 2 and 3? A．Each blade is 132 meters in length. B．Each blade turns water into electricity. C．Each blade is longer than a football field. D．Each blade can provide electricity for 36,000 homes. 3．Why are offshore wind turbines like the MySE 16-260 important? A．Because they can save space in the ocean. B．Because they build more farms in the ocean. C．Because they can make the sea wind stronger. D．Because they can get stronger wind and save space on land. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④⑤ D．①/②/③④⑤ 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The blades of the wind turbines are useful. B．Wind turbines work by turning large blades. C．China built the world’s biggest offshore wind turbine. D．Wind turbines brought a cleaner world to many countries. 12 People have been using wind-power for a very long time. Over two thousand years ago, simple windmills (风车) were pumping water in China. These machines used wind power to work. Early windmills had four sails (翼板). The sails turned in the wind. Soon machines took over the work and windmills were used less and less. Today, there are new windmills called wind turbines (风力涡轮机). Wind turbines are different from windmills of the past. Wind turbines usually have three blades at the top of a very tall tower. The wind turns the blades. This powers a generator. This machine turns wind energy into electricity. The more the wind blows, the longer the blades turn. This makes more electricity.     Sometimes there are many wind turbines in one place. This is called a wind farm. These wind farms can only be built on certain sites. They need to be in places where the wind blows regularly. Flat, open lands are good places for wind farms. Wind farms are built on prairies and plains, along oceans and lakes, and in the desert. Land is not the only good place for wind farms. The wind is strong and steady over water because there is nothing to stop it. Some people plan to build wind farms in the middle of the ocean. Wind farms can cause problems. If birds hit the blades, they may be hurt. Some people think the turbines are hideous.They think the towers make the land look bad. Beach towns worry that people might stop coming to the beaches if there are turbines nearby. This could make local businesses lose money. Others complain about the hum the turbines make as they spin. Wind power also has many advantages. Wind is free and it will never run out. Wind turbines do not make pollution, so they are good for the environment. Wind power is becoming more popular in the United States. Over twenty-five states now have wind turbines. The next time you feel the wind blowing on your face, think about all of the things that energy could do for you! 1．The writer begins the passage with the history of windmills to show ________. A．that windmills have been used for a long time B．how windmills have changed over time C．that windmills are a new technology D．why we should protect wind farms 2．According to Paragraph 2, a generator ________. A．gives power to windmills B．builds blades at the top of a tall tower C．blows more winds with blades D．turns wind power into electricity 3．The underlined “hideous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean ________. A．beautiful B．dangerous C．special D．ugly 4．The writer’s purpose of writing the passage is ________. A．to give information about wind power B．to introduce the good things of wind power C．to encourage people to build wind farms D．to ask people to protect the environment 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $