05 气候气象与宇宙探索-2025-2026学年第一学期九年级英语阅读【热点·重点】话题（通用版）

话题05 气候气象与宇宙探索 “气候气象与宇宙探索”这一主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 核心主题下的关键子话题。其涵盖气候特征、天气现象、气象灾害、宇宙天体、航天技术、探索成就等核心内容，既涉及基础自然科学知识，也包含人类对自然的认知与探索实践。从课程目标来看，该主题旨在引导学生通过英语语篇理解气候与宇宙的科学原理，积累相关学科词汇与表达，同时培养对自然现象的探究意识和对科学探索的敬畏之心。在九年级阅读理解中，此类文本常以说明文、新闻报道或科普短文形式呈现，侧重考查学生对学科词汇的识别、复杂句式的分析及科学信息的提取能力。素材积累 句子积累 1.气候气象描述类 What's the weather like today?（今天天气怎么样？） The highest temperature will reach 35 degrees Celsius tomorrow.（明天最高气温将达到 35 摄氏度。） It has been rainy for three days and caused some floods.（已经下了三天雨，引发了部分洪水。） Winter in the north is usually cold and snowy.（北方的冬天通常又冷又多雪。） According to the weather forecast, a typhoon is coming.（根据天气预报，一场台风即将来临。） The greenhouse effect makes the global temperature rise gradually.（温室效应使全球气温逐渐上升。） It snows heavily in the mountain areas in winter.（冬季山区下大雪。） Spring is a warm season with blooming flowers.（春天是鲜花盛开的温暖季节。） 2.气候影响与应对类 Drought has led to water shortage in this region.（干旱导致该地区水资源短缺。） We should plant more trees to protect the atmosphere.（我们应该多种树来保护大气层。） Sandstorms often happen in spring in northern China.（中国北方春季常发生沙尘暴。） People wear thick coats because of the cold weather.（因为天气冷，人们穿上了厚外套。） Climate change affects the living environment of many animals.（气候变化影响许多动物的生存环境。） 3.宇宙与天体描述类 The universe is vast and full of mysterious galaxies.（宇宙浩瀚无垠，充满了神秘的星系。） The Earth orbits the sun and has one natural satellite.（地球围绕太阳运行，有一颗天然卫星。） Mars is known as the "Red Planet" because of its color.（火星因其颜色被称为 “红色星球”。） There are millions of stars in the Milky Way.（银河系中有数百万颗恒星。） A black hole can absorb light and other objects.（黑洞可以吸收光和其他天体。） The solar system includes eight planets and the sun.（太阳系包括八颗行星和太阳。） 4.航天探索相关类 When did humans first land on the moon?（人类第一次登上月球是什么时候？） China has launched many satellites into space successfully.（中国已成功向太空发射多颗卫星。） Astronauts float in space because there is no gravity.（宇航员在太空中漂浮是因为没有重力。） Scientists use telescopes to observe distant planets.（科学家用望远镜观测遥远的行星。） The space station provides a place for astronauts to do research.（空间站为宇航员提供了做研究的场所。） A new probe will be sent to Mars to look for water.（一个新的探测器将被送往火星寻找水。） Space exploration helps us understand the universe better.（太空探索帮助我们更好地了解宇宙。） 5.跨主题观点表达类 Studying climate and space helps us know our planet better.（研究气候与太空有助于我们更了解地球。） The development of science makes space exploration easier.（科学的发展使太空探索变得更简单。） We should pay attention to both climate change and space research. （我们既应关注气候变化，也应重视太空研究。） Exploring the universe and protecting the climate are both important for humanity. （探索宇宙与保护气候对人类都很重要。） 必备词块 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.气候气象基础类 climate（气候） weather（天气） temperature（温度） atmosphere（大气层） season（季节） spring（春季） summer（夏季） autumn/fall（秋季） winter（冬季） sunny/fine（晴朗的） rainy（多雨的） snowy（下雪的） windy（多风的） cloudy（多云的） foggy（有雾的） hot（炎热的） cold（寒冷的） warm（温暖的） cool（凉爽的） wet/humid（潮湿的） dry（干燥的） 2.气候现象与灾害类 weather forecast/report（天气预报） greenhouse effect（温室效应） drought（干旱） flood（洪水） storm（暴风雨） typhoon（台风） sandstorm（沙尘暴） lightning（闪电） thunderstorm（雷雨） heavy rain/snow（大雨 / 大雪） temperature drop（气温下降） 3.宇宙天体类 universe（宇宙） galaxy（星系） solar system（太阳系） Milky Way（银河系） planet（行星） star（恒星） satellite（卫星） comet（彗星） black hole（黑洞） Earth（地球） Mars（火星） lunar（月球的） Martian（火星的） 4.航天探索类 space exploration（太空探索） astronaut（宇航员） spacecraft（航天器） rocket（火箭） space station（空间站） launch（发射） land（着陆） 实战演练 1 ①Every now and then, you may see news of satellites sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit. On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there? ②At present, there are more than 3,000 satellites moving around the Earth. According to Germany, satellites are very helpful to humans. They do all kinds of work, from transmitting (传送) TV signals to giving you directions on the road to helping scientists do research. ③For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can be easier to find. Drones (无人机) can also use BeiDou to fly. ④Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would stop them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. ⑤Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather. By monitoring (监测) wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help people deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite pictures to decide the best time to water their fields. ⑥Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s rings (土星环). In 2020, Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users. 1．What’s the structure of this passage? A．①②—③④⑤—⑥ B．①—②—③④⑤—⑥ C．①—②—③④⑤⑥ D．①—②③④—⑤⑥ 2．What does the writer want to express in Paragraph 1? A．China has 22 satellites in space altogether. B．Humans have sent many satellites into space. C．There is a serious competition between China and the US. D．The US has the most satellites in space. 3．What can the satellites for the Beidou system help us do? A．Shared bikes last longer. B．Locate items more accurately. C．Drones fly farther. D．Beidou chips work more accurately. 4．How many statements of the following are facts? ① TV signals didn’t go very far before satellites. ② Satellites are very helpful to humans. ③ Some satellites fly near other planets. ④ Satellites help scientists predict changes in weather. A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．Which question is answered according to the passage? A．What can the satellites do for humans? B．What are advantages and disadvantages of satellites? C．Why are countries competing to send satellites into space? D．When are China and the US sending satellites? 2 Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide—quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were first discovered in 2023 by a team of scientists led by Edward Ashton, and were recently confirmed by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Saturn now is the planet with the most moons—Jupiter is not far behind with 95. However, Dr Ashton believes this might be the limit for moon discovery. “I don’t think Jupiter will ever catch up,” he said. “With present technology, I don’t think we can do better than what has already been done,” he added. 1．What do we know about the new discovery? A．Newly found moons look the same. B．Scientists found new moons by accident. C．Saturn’s rings attract many scientists. D．128 new moons were found around Saturn. 2．What does “the ringed planet” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Earth. B．Saturn. C．Moon. D．Titan. 3．What led to the large number of Saturn’s moons? A．The size of the planet. B．The weights of the moons. C．The orbit of the planet. D．The crashes of the moons. 4．What can we learn from Dr Ashton’s words in the last paragraph? A．Jupiter will soon catch up with Saturn. B．Saturn’s new moons might support life. C．The IAU presented a medal to his team. D．He is satisfied with their moon discovery. 3 A solar eclipse (日食) is a wonderful thing that happens in space. It happens when the new moon moves between the Earth and the Sun. When this happens, the moon blocks some or all of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth. It’s like the moon plays hide-and-seek with the Sun! Interestingly, the Sun is 400 times bigger than the moon, but it’s also 400 times farther away. So, from Earth, the Sun and the moon look about the same size in the sky. There are four kinds of solar eclipses. In a total eclipse, the moon covers the Sun completely. It gets dark outside, just like it’s night. You can even see some stars! A partial eclipse is when only part of the Sun is covered by the moon. The Sun looks like a crescent shape. An annular (环状的) eclipse is very cool. The moon is too far to cover the Sun fully, so a bright ring of sunlight, called a “ring of fire,” shows around the moon. A hybrid eclipse is a mix of total and annular. Different places on Earth will see different types during this eclipse. Scientists can tell when a solar eclipse will happen. But we don’t see solar eclipses every month. This is because the moon’s path around the Earth is tilted. It doesn’t always line up just right with the Earth and the Sun. Here’s something very important: Never look at the Sun directly during a solar eclipse! It can hurt your eyes badly. You should use special eclipse glasses. These glasses are made to protect your eyes from the Sun’s strong light. Another safe way is to use a pinhole viewer. It projects an image of the Sun so you can watch the eclipse without harming your eyes. 1．When does a solar eclipse take place? A．When the full moon is between the Earth and the Sun. B．When the new moon comes between the Earth and the Sun. C．When the Earth is between the Sun and the moon. D．When the Sun is between the Earth and the moon. 2．Why do the Sun and the moon seem the same size in the sky? A．Because the Sun is 400 times smaller and nearer than the moon. B．Because the Sun is 400 times smaller and farther than the moon. C．Because the Sun is 400 times bigger and nearer than the moon. D．Because the Sun is 400 times bigger and farther than the moon. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．the sun B．the moon C．the earth D．the path 4．From the passage, we can infer that ______. A．solar eclipses are easy to observe without any tools B．total solar eclipses cause the most changes in the environment C．annular eclipses happen more often than other eclipses D．hybrid eclipses are the easiest to predict 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Watch Solar Eclipses B．The Sun and the Moon C．Kinds of Solar Eclipses D．Solar Eclipses: A Space Wonder 4 The Moon travels around the Earth. Most nights, the Moon is the brightest thing in the sky. This is because it reflects (反射) light from the Sun. It’s hot during the day on the Moon. When the Sun is overhead, the temperature is over 127℃. At night, the temperature drops. The temperature at night may be -163℃. A sunny day on the Moon can kill you. But then, so can the night. We live on the Earth and see the Moon become different from night to night. The following picture shows the differences of the Moon with time passing by. 1 New Moon—You can’t see the Moon on a sunny night or a cloudy night in the sky. 2&8 Crescent Moon (蛾眉月)—You can see less than half of the Moon. 3&7 Half Moon—You can see half of the Moon. 4&6 Gibbous Moon (盈月，凸月)—You can see more than half of the Moon. 5 Full Moon—You can see the whole Moon. 1．In this passage, the underlined word “it” refers to ______. A．the Earth B．the Mars C．the Moon D．the Sun 2．What’s the temperature on the Moon when the Sun is overhead? A．It’s as high as the temperature on the Earth. B．It’s much higher than the temperature on the Earth. C．It’s much lower than the temperature on the Earth. D．It’s a little higher than the temperature on the Earth. 3．Which picture shows us Gibbous Moon? A． B． C． D． 4．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A science magazine. B．A fashion magazine. C．A music magazine. D．A travel magazine. 5 Did you know the universe has its own “music”? Long ago, scientists discovered that the universe has its own “music”. “Everything in space—stars, planets, and even humans—vibrates (振动) like notes in a song. This idea was popularized by physicist Max Tegmark in the early 2000s. He explained that everything in the cosmos—stars, planets, and even humans—vibrates at certain speeds. He said these vibrations which happen at certain speeds were called frequencies (频率). The story began with the Big Bang (大爆炸). The Big Bang created the first “sound waves” in space. Over billions of years, these waves shaped galaxies (星系) and helped form planets. Stars, acting as giant instruments, produced heavier elements through nuclear reactions (核反应). ★ For example, the iron in our blood “sings” at the same frequency as some distant stars! Tegmark called this connection “cosmic harmony” (宇宙和谐). He said our bodies might carry echoes (回声) of ancient star vibrations. The water we drink, the air we breathe, and the ground we walk on all share this universal music. Even a simple action, like clapping your hands, creates vibrations that are part of the universe’s grand symphony (乐). So, when you listen to your favorite song, remember: the atoms in your ears once “danced” to the rhythm of exploding stars. The universe isn’t just around us—it’s within us, and we’re all part of its endless melody. 1．Max Tegmark compare the universe to music because ________. A．he loved playing instruments with others B．everything vibrates at certain frequencies C．stars create beautiful sounds D．the Big Bang was very loud 2．What role did stars play in “cosmic harmony”? A．They produced light for planets, galaxies and for humans. B．They made the first music on Earth. C．They stopped sound waves in space D．They created heavier elements through nuclear reactions. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．And the nuclear reactions influenced human activities. B．The Big Bang also carried echoes of ancient star vibrations. C．Perhaps the humans were responsible for the sound waves. D．These elements later became part of Earth and living things. 4．Why does the writer mention “clapping your hands” in paragraph 3? A．To explain how sound travels can make wonderful music for humans. B．To show that human actions are part of the universe’s vibrations. C．To describe a popular hobby. D．To prove that music is easy to make. 5．Which picture best matches the theme of the passage? A． B． C． D． 6 Have you ever seen a rainbow in the sky? Or perhaps some beautiful colorful lights in the polar (极地的) sky? These amazing natural light shows are often linked to something powerful happening on the Sun: solar flares. A solar flare is a sudden, bright burst (爆发) of energy on the Sun’s surface. It happens when twisted magnetic fields (磁场) on the Sun suddenly release a lot of energy at once. This explosion of light and heat can be seen from Earth, even from far away. For example, on the 15th of last month at 01:03 Beijing Time, the Sun erupted (爆发) with a powerful X2.8-class solar flare. Solar flares are not just pretty lights. They can send waves of energy toward Earth. Sometimes, they can cause colorful northern lights (北极光) in the sky. However, strong solar flares can also affect our technology. They can disrupt (扰乱) satellites, which are important for GPS and communication. They can even cause problems for radio signals, making it hard to use radios or phones. Scientists study solar flares to understand the Sun better and keep us safe. They use special telescopes and spacecraft to watch the Sun. By predicting (预测) when a solar flare might happen, they can warn us to protect our satellites and communication systems. Their research helps us understand just how powerful and amazing our Sun really is! 1．What is a solar flare? A．A type of rainbow in the sky. B．A sudden burst of energy on the Sun’s surface. C．A kind of twisted magnetic field. D．A colorful light show on Earth. 2．What causes a solar flare? A．Twisted magnetic fields on the Sun releasing energy. B．Colorful northern lights appearing in the sky. C．Satellites disrupting communication. D．Scientists studying the Sun with telescopes. 3．What is one possible negative effect of strong solar flares on Earth? A．They make the sky brighter. B．They cause northern lights to appear more often. C．They can disrupt satellites and radio signals. D．They help us understand the Sun better. 4．What is the purpose of scientists studying solar flares? A．To create more colorful light shows. B．To make it harder to use radios. C．To understand the Sun and keep us safe. D．To send more energy waves to Earth. 5．How is the text organized? A．It compares solar flares to other natural phenomena. B．It lists the historical events related to solar flares. C．It first defines solar flares, then explains their causes, effects, and the importance of studying them. D．It tells a story about a scientist who discovered solar flares. 7 Recently, a great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon, which could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil (月壤), scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (融化) when it reaches over 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor (蒸气). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! All in all, this research opens up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true! 1．Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A．To show that it was totally wrong. B．To compare it with the new discovery. C．To prove that there is no running water on the Moon. D．To explain why people wanted to live on the Moon before. 2．How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Humans are the builders of the earth. B．Mistakes often help us find the truth. C．Scientific discoveries are continually moving forward. D．Future space exploration faces challenges and chances. 8 Thanks to the hard work of companies like California-based Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC), space tourism is well on its way to coming true. Now, the company is working to provide a chance for space visitors to “get out of the world” by checking into the world’s first true hotel in low-earth orbit (轨道). The Voyager Space Station (VSS, 航行者空间站) will be made up of two rings. The inside circle will be fitted with spacecraft stations for guests while the outside ring will have the rooms, restaurants, bars, gyms and scientific research labs. The hotel which is powered by the Sun will travel at high speed to create man-made gravity, providing tourists with a comfortable stay. When put into service, it will have rooms for up to 400 people. Though the idea is attractive, making VSS a reality will cost time and money. Moving the VSS to space will cost thousands of millions of dollars. However, OAC believes that they will recoup the money by asking $5 million per person for each 3-day stay. Though the cost may seem too high, it is cheap compared to the $55 million it costs to stay on the ISS (International Space Station). Besides, guests at the VSS will be living in the greatest conditions. “You’re going to have the top cooks,” OAC’s CEO John Blincow told the Washington Post. “There will be two shows every night as well.” Visitors will also be able to take part in the activities that are not possible on Earth such as spacewalks which allow visitors to admire views of the earth and space. If everything goes according to plan, the company plans to start work in 2026 and welcome the first visitors in 2027. 1．What do we know about the Voyager Space Station? A．It will be powered by electricity. B．It will be made up of two squares. C．It can provide relaxing living conditions. D．It can travel fast to get away from Earth’s gravity. 2．What does the underlined word “recoup” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．节省 B．赠送 C．赚回 D．用完 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Moving the VSS to space will cost much money. B．There will be labs in the inside circle of the VSS. C．The VSS plans to welcome the first visitors in 2026. D．The VSS will have rooms for no less than 400 people. 4．Why are John Blincow’s words mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To speak highly of the hard work of OAC． B．To show the great service of the VSS. C．To show the importance of exploring space. D．To describe what life will be like in the future. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It costs lots of time and money to travel to space. B．Traveling to space has long been humans’ dream. C．Space tourism has been welcomed since its beginning. D．The world’s first space hotel hopes to welcome visitors. 9 Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear objects. In nature, rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight meet. Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light. Science, though, has unlocked their mysteries. Where and When Rainbows Appear Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow. It is usually in the morning or late afternoon. There will be rain or mist in front of you, and the sun will be shining from behind you. Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a rainbow in nature. A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy. You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall, too. A fountain (喷泉) under a bright moon can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler on a sunny day may put on a colorful show. How Rainbows Form René Descartes, who was a French scientist discovered that a rainbow looks like a half circle. However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. To see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle (角度). To understand rainbows, it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums (介质). Think of running on land. Then imagine running in knee-deep water. You move slower through water. In the same way, light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air. When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend (弯曲). We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain. Sunlight refracts (折射) as it enters each drop. The light then reflects (反射), or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light refracts again as it exits the drop. Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time. This process makes all the colors of a rainbow. 1．Which sentence below can best explain the underlined sentence “Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light” in Paragraph 1? A．Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists. B．Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows. C．The light plays tricks on people’s eyes and makes rainbows. D．Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks 2．In which of the following situations, a rainbow CAN’T form? A．In the mist of a waterfall. B．On a misty morning. C．Over a fountain under a bright moon. D．Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day. 3．Which could be the best picture for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A． B． C． D． 4．Which statement below is TRUE according to the article? A．Rainbow can be a complete circle as well as a half circle. B．You need to stand at a right angle to see a rainbow. C．Light can actually make a pencil bend in water. D．Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water. 5．What is the process to create a rainbow? A．Sunlight enters the raindrop, reflects, refracts, and then reflects again as it exits. B．Sunlight enters the raindrop, refracts, reflects, and then refracts again as it exits. C．Sunlight enters the raindrop, refracts, bounces, and then reflects as it exits. D．Sunlight enters the raindrop, reflects, bounces, and then refracts as it exits. 10 Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts say there might be even greater danger to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. Because of that, the number of polar bears (北极熊) and seals (海豹) has dropped greatly while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals. According to the data from the WMO (世界气象组织), temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just reach 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average (平均的) temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃. Besides, ▲ . Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving wildfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while there are floods in Eastern and Southern China. “Climate change is bad for human beings. It causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.” 1．According to the passage, what’s the temperature on the Antarctica now? A．17.59℃. B．18.3℃. C．3℃. D．-57℃. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．The Antarctica is pleasant for a picnic. B．Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe. C．Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases. D．The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March,2015. 3．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A．many places are going through different weather this summer. B．many places are experiencing terrible weather this summer. C．many places are going through the same weather this summer. D．many places are experiencing the coldest weather this summer. 4．Where can we probably read the text? A．In a medical report. B．In a sports newspaper. C．In an environmental magazine. D．In a tourist guide. 11 In Morocco’s desert, a rare (罕见的) heavy rain has brought lakes and ponds back to life. The locals and tourists praised it as a gift from the sky. In a town called Merzouga, which is far from the capital city, the dry desert around has lakes and ponds. Local guides said the rain had attracted even more visitors to the tourist area to see the changes. In fact, this area has suffered from water shortage for long. Last year was the driest year in Morocco in 80 years, but in September, there was such a heavy rain that it even caused floods. This rain was caused by a change in the weather patterns and helped fill some reservoirs (水库) and groundwater in the south of Morocco. But to see a big change in the water levels, the rain needs to keep falling for a longer time. However, the rest of the country is still busy dealing with a six-year drought (干旱). This drought brings great harm to farming, and farming offers one third of the total jobs in Morocco. Jean Marc Berhocoirigoin, a 68-year-old French tourist, was amazed to see Yasmina Lake full again. “I felt like a kid on Christmas morning,” he said, having not seen such views in 15 years. Other desert areas, like Erg Znaigui, have also received water. However, scientists warn that one heavy rain won’t create lasting change. Yet, Morocco’s weather agency suggests that such heavy rains might happen more often, caused partly by climate change. 1．How did the locals and tourists like the rain? A．It was lively. B．It was helpful. C．It was natural. D．It was strange. 2．How has the heavy rain influenced the town of Merzouga? A．It has caused serious flooding. B．It has caused tourism to go down. C．It has made more visitors interested. D．It has changed the color of local lakes. 3．What can be learned about Morocco in Paragraph 3? A．Many Moroccans work on farming. B．It is a country often troubled by floods. C．This year was the driest one in 80 years. D．There is more groundwater in the north of it. 4．What does Morocco’s weather agency suggest about future weather patterns? A．They will return to normal. B．They will change less often. C．They will include more rainfall. D．They will cause climate change. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Moroccans’ fight against drought. B．Moroccans’ search for more water. C．The rise of tourism industry in Morocco. D．The influence of climate change on Morocco. 12 Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer? The answer is yes! There are some reasons for this. The sun is lower in the sky in fall. As the days get shorter, the sun appears lower and lower in the sky. It doesn’t shine directly on us anymore. Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer. In fall, there is less water in the air, so there are fewer clouds. Fall is known for good weather—cooler temperatures and less wet air. The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter. You might be surprised, but the colorful leaves of fall actually help give the sky’s blueness a color boost (增强), which can make the sky seem even bluer. If you’ve made a color wheel for an art class, you know that blue and orange are opposite colors that look good together. The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them. This contrast looks nice and creates a special autumn view. So, the next time you’re out enjoying the beautiful weather in autumn, take a moment to look up at the sky, remember these reasons why it looks so blue and enjoy the view! 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 2．Why does the sky look bluer in fall according to Paragraph 2? A．Because the sun is shining directly on us. B．Because the sun is closer to the earth. C．Because the sun is smaller in the sky. D．Because the sun is covered by the clouds. 3．Which one shows the relationship between the water in the air (x) and the blue color of the sky (y)? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②③/④/⑤ $ 话题05 气候气象与宇宙探索 素材积累 “气候气象与宇宙探索”这一主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 核心主题下的关键子话题。其涵盖气候特征、天气现象、气象灾害、宇宙天体、航天技术、探索成就等核心内容，既涉及基础自然科学知识，也包含人类对自然的认知与探索实践。从课程目标来看，该主题旨在引导学生通过英语语篇理解气候与宇宙的科学原理，积累相关学科词汇与表达，同时培养对自然现象的探究意识和对科学探索的敬畏之心。在九年级阅读理解中，此类文本常以说明文、新闻报道或科普短文形式呈现，侧重考查学生对学科词汇的识别、复杂句式的分析及科学信息的提取能力。 句子积累 1.气候气象描述类 What's the weather like today?（今天天气怎么样？） The highest temperature will reach 35 degrees Celsius tomorrow.（明天最高气温将达到 35 摄氏度。） It has been rainy for three days and caused some floods.（已经下了三天雨，引发了部分洪水。） Winter in the north is usually cold and snowy.（北方的冬天通常又冷又多雪。） According to the weather forecast, a typhoon is coming.（根据天气预报，一场台风即将来临。） The greenhouse effect makes the global temperature rise gradually.（温室效应使全球气温逐渐上升。） It snows heavily in the mountain areas in winter.（冬季山区下大雪。） Spring is a warm season with blooming flowers.（春天是鲜花盛开的温暖季节。） 2.气候影响与应对类 Drought has led to water shortage in this region.（干旱导致该地区水资源短缺。） We should plant more trees to protect the atmosphere.（我们应该多种树来保护大气层。） Sandstorms often happen in spring in northern China.（中国北方春季常发生沙尘暴。） People wear thick coats because of the cold weather.（因为天气冷，人们穿上了厚外套。） Climate change affects the living environment of many animals.（气候变化影响许多动物的生存环境。） 3.宇宙与天体描述类 The universe is vast and full of mysterious galaxies.（宇宙浩瀚无垠，充满了神秘的星系。） The Earth orbits the sun and has one natural satellite.（地球围绕太阳运行，有一颗天然卫星。） Mars is known as the "Red Planet" because of its color.（火星因其颜色被称为 “红色星球”。） There are millions of stars in the Milky Way.（银河系中有数百万颗恒星。） A black hole can absorb light and other objects.（黑洞可以吸收光和其他天体。） The solar system includes eight planets and the sun.（太阳系包括八颗行星和太阳。） 4.航天探索相关类 When did humans first land on the moon?（人类第一次登上月球是什么时候？） China has launched many satellites into space successfully.（中国已成功向太空发射多颗卫星。） Astronauts float in space because there is no gravity.（宇航员在太空中漂浮是因为没有重力。） Scientists use telescopes to observe distant planets.（科学家用望远镜观测遥远的行星。） The space station provides a place for astronauts to do research.（空间站为宇航员提供了做研究的场所。） A new probe will be sent to Mars to look for water.（一个新的探测器将被送往火星寻找水。） Space exploration helps us understand the universe better.（太空探索帮助我们更好地了解宇宙。） 5.跨主题观点表达类 Studying climate and space helps us know our planet better.（研究气候与太空有助于我们更了解地球。） The development of science makes space exploration easier.（科学的发展使太空探索变得更简单。） We should pay attention to both climate change and space research. （我们既应关注气候变化，也应重视太空研究。） Exploring the universe and protecting the climate are both important for humanity. （探索宇宙与保护气候对人类都很重要。） 必备词块 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.气候气象基础类 climate（气候） weather（天气） temperature（温度） atmosphere（大气层） season（季节） spring（春季） summer（夏季） autumn/fall（秋季） winter（冬季） sunny/fine（晴朗的） rainy（多雨的） snowy（下雪的） windy（多风的） cloudy（多云的） foggy（有雾的） hot（炎热的） cold（寒冷的） warm（温暖的） cool（凉爽的） wet/humid（潮湿的） dry（干燥的） 2.气候现象与灾害类 weather forecast/report（天气预报） greenhouse effect（温室效应） drought（干旱） flood（洪水） storm（暴风雨） typhoon（台风） sandstorm（沙尘暴） lightning（闪电） thunderstorm（雷雨） heavy rain/snow（大雨 / 大雪） temperature drop（气温下降） 3.宇宙天体类 universe（宇宙） galaxy（星系） solar system（太阳系） Milky Way（银河系） planet（行星） star（恒星） satellite（卫星） comet（彗星） black hole（黑洞） Earth（地球） Mars（火星） lunar（月球的） Martian（火星的） 4.航天探索类 space exploration（太空探索） astronaut（宇航员） spacecraft（航天器） rocket（火箭） space station（空间站） launch（发射） land（着陆） 实战演练 1 ①Every now and then, you may see news of satellites sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit. On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there? ②At present, there are more than 3,000 satellites moving around the Earth. According to Germany, satellites are very helpful to humans. They do all kinds of work, from transmitting (传送) TV signals to giving you directions on the road to helping scientists do research. ③For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can be easier to find. Drones (无人机) can also use BeiDou to fly. ④Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would stop them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. ⑤Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather. By monitoring (监测) wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help people deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite pictures to decide the best time to water their fields. ⑥Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s rings (土星环). In 2020, Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users. 1．What’s the structure of this passage? A．①②—③④⑤—⑥ B．①—②—③④⑤—⑥ C．①—②—③④⑤⑥ D．①—②③④—⑤⑥ 2．What does the writer want to express in Paragraph 1? A．China has 22 satellites in space altogether. B．Humans have sent many satellites into space. C．There is a serious competition between China and the US. D．The US has the most satellites in space. 3．What can the satellites for the Beidou system help us do? A．Shared bikes last longer. B．Locate items more accurately. C．Drones fly farther. D．Beidou chips work more accurately. 4．How many statements of the following are facts? ① TV signals didn’t go very far before satellites. ② Satellites are very helpful to humans. ③ Some satellites fly near other planets. ④ Satellites help scientists predict changes in weather. A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 5．Which question is answered according to the passage? A．What can the satellites do for humans? B．What are advantages and disadvantages of satellites? C．Why are countries competing to send satellites into space? D．When are China and the US sending satellites? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文介绍了卫星的用途。 1．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段以提问的形式提出文章要讲述的话题；第二段总体回答了这个问题；第三、四、五、六段分别具体介绍了卫星的用途。综上本文的结构是①—②—③④⑤⑥，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit. On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space”可知美国公司Space X将46颗卫星送入轨道；中国向太空发射了22颗卫星，由此可推知，人类已经向太空发射了许多卫星。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can be easier to find.”可知，使用北斗芯片的共享单车更容易被找到，说明利用北斗能更准确地定位物品。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“satellites are very helpful to humans”可知，卫星对人类非常有帮助；根据“Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far”可知在卫星出现之前，电视信号的传输距离并不远；根据“Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather.”可知卫星可以帮助科学家预测天气变化；根据“Some satellites fly near other planets”可知一些卫星在其他行星附近飞行，有四个选项是与文章相符的事实。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do out there?”以及全文可知，本文介绍了卫星的用途，回答了卫星能为人类做什么的问题。故选A。 2 Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide—quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were first discovered in 2023 by a team of scientists led by Edward Ashton, and were recently confirmed by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Saturn now is the planet with the most moons—Jupiter is not far behind with 95. However, Dr Ashton believes this might be the limit for moon discovery. “I don’t think Jupiter will ever catch up,” he said. “With present technology, I don’t think we can do better than what has already been done,” he added. 1．What do we know about the new discovery? A．Newly found moons look the same. B．Scientists found new moons by accident. C．Saturn’s rings attract many scientists. D．128 new moons were found around Saturn. 2．What does “the ringed planet” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Earth. B．Saturn. C．Moon. D．Titan. 3．What led to the large number of Saturn’s moons? A．The size of the planet. B．The weights of the moons. C．The orbit of the planet. D．The crashes of the moons. 4．What can we learn from Dr Ashton’s words in the last paragraph? A．Jupiter will soon catch up with Saturn. B．Saturn’s new moons might support life. C．The IAU presented a medal to his team. D．He is satisfied with their moon discovery. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文介绍了科学家们在土星周围新发现的128颗卫星，使得土星的卫星总数达到274颗，成为拥有最多卫星的行星。这些新发现的卫星较小，且轨道独特。文章还解释了土星拥有众多卫星的原因，以及科学家对未来的卫星发现的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn”可知科学家们发现了土星周围128颗新的卫星。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan.”可知这些新发现的卫星距离土星650万至1800万英里，也比土星最大的卫星泰坦更远，故此处“the ringed planet”指的是土星。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons.”可知土星的引力吸引了许多岩石和冰块，随着时间的推移，这些物体相互碰撞，破碎成更小的碎片，或者聚集在一起形成了许多小卫星。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“With present technology, I don’t think we can do better than what has already been done”可知Dr Ashton认为，以目前的技术水平，他们已经做到了极致，不太可能再有新的发现，这表明他对团队的发现感到满意。故选D。 3 A solar eclipse (日食) is a wonderful thing that happens in space. It happens when the new moon moves between the Earth and the Sun. When this happens, the moon blocks some or all of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth. It’s like the moon plays hide-and-seek with the Sun! Interestingly, the Sun is 400 times bigger than the moon, but it’s also 400 times farther away. So, from Earth, the Sun and the moon look about the same size in the sky. There are four kinds of solar eclipses. In a total eclipse, the moon covers the Sun completely. It gets dark outside, just like it’s night. You can even see some stars! A partial eclipse is when only part of the Sun is covered by the moon. The Sun looks like a crescent shape. An annular (环状的) eclipse is very cool. The moon is too far to cover the Sun fully, so a bright ring of sunlight, called a “ring of fire,” shows around the moon. A hybrid eclipse is a mix of total and annular. Different places on Earth will see different types during this eclipse. Scientists can tell when a solar eclipse will happen. But we don’t see solar eclipses every month. This is because the moon’s path around the Earth is tilted. It doesn’t always line up just right with the Earth and the Sun. Here’s something very important: Never look at the Sun directly during a solar eclipse! It can hurt your eyes badly. You should use special eclipse glasses. These glasses are made to protect your eyes from the Sun’s strong light. Another safe way is to use a pinhole viewer. It projects an image of the Sun so you can watch the eclipse without harming your eyes. 1．When does a solar eclipse take place? A．When the full moon is between the Earth and the Sun. B．When the new moon comes between the Earth and the Sun. C．When the Earth is between the Sun and the moon. D．When the Sun is between the Earth and the moon. 2．Why do the Sun and the moon seem the same size in the sky? A．Because the Sun is 400 times smaller and nearer than the moon. B．Because the Sun is 400 times smaller and farther than the moon. C．Because the Sun is 400 times bigger and nearer than the moon. D．Because the Sun is 400 times bigger and farther than the moon. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．the sun B．the moon C．the earth D．the path 4．From the passage, we can infer that ______. A．solar eclipses are easy to observe without any tools B．total solar eclipses cause the most changes in the environment C．annular eclipses happen more often than other eclipses D．hybrid eclipses are the easiest to predict 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Watch Solar Eclipses B．The Sun and the Moon C．Kinds of Solar Eclipses D．Solar Eclipses: A Space Wonder 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了日食发生的原因、四种类型 (日全食、日偏食、日环食、混合食)、并非每月出现的原因以及安全观测方法，展现了这一太空奇观的科学原理与观测注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“It happens when the new moon moves between the Earth and the Sun.”可知，当新月运行到地球和太阳之间时，日食发生。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由文中“Interestingly, the Sun is 400 times bigger than the moon, but it’s also 400 times farther away. So, from Earth, the Sun and the moon look about the same size in the sky.”可知，太阳比月球大400倍，同时也远400倍，因此从地球上看两者大小相近。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句子“This is because the moon’s path around the Earth is tilted. It doesn’t always line up just right with the Earth and the Sun.”可知，月球绕地球的轨道是倾斜的，它 (指轨道) 并不总是与地球和太阳完全对齐。故“it”指代“the path”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段对不同日食类型的描述，“In a total eclipse, the moon covers the Sun completely. It gets dark outside, just like it’s night. You can even see some stars!”可知，日全食时月球完全遮挡太阳，外界会变得像夜晚一样黑暗，甚至能看到星星，这表明日全食对环境的影响最为显著。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章开篇介绍日食的成因，接着阐述四种日食类型、观测注意事项等，整体围绕“日食”这一太空奇观展开。故选D。 4 The Moon travels around the Earth. Most nights, the Moon is the brightest thing in the sky. This is because it reflects (反射) light from the Sun. It’s hot during the day on the Moon. When the Sun is overhead, the temperature is over 127℃. At night, the temperature drops. The temperature at night may be -163℃. A sunny day on the Moon can kill you. But then, so can the night. We live on the Earth and see the Moon become different from night to night. The following picture shows the differences of the Moon with time passing by. 1 New Moon—You can’t see the Moon on a sunny night or a cloudy night in the sky. 2&8 Crescent Moon (蛾眉月)—You can see less than half of the Moon. 3&7 Half Moon—You can see half of the Moon. 4&6 Gibbous Moon (盈月，凸月)—You can see more than half of the Moon. 5 Full Moon—You can see the whole Moon. 1．In this passage, the underlined word “it” refers to ______. A．the Earth B．the Mars C．the Moon D．the Sun 2．What’s the temperature on the Moon when the Sun is overhead? A．It’s as high as the temperature on the Earth. B．It’s much higher than the temperature on the Earth. C．It’s much lower than the temperature on the Earth. D．It’s a little higher than the temperature on the Earth. 3．Which picture shows us Gibbous Moon? A． B． C． D． 4．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A science magazine. B．A fashion magazine. C．A music magazine. D．A travel magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了月球的运行、温度变化以及月相变化的科学知识。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Most nights, the Moon is the brightest thing in the sky. This is because it reflects (反射) light from the Sun.”可知，大多数夜晚，月亮是天空中最亮的东西。这是因为它反射来自太阳的光。it指代前文的月亮。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When the Sun is overhead, the temperature is over 127℃.”可知，月球在太阳直射时的温度远高于地球上的温度。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“4&6 Gibbous Moon (盈月，凸月)—You can see more than half of the Moon.”及文中图片可知，盈凸月时，能看到超过一半的月亮。B图片符合。故选B。 4．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了月球的运行、温度变化以及月相变化的科学知识，可能来自科学杂志。故选A。 5 Did you know the universe has its own “music”? Long ago, scientists discovered that the universe has its own “music”. “Everything in space—stars, planets, and even humans—vibrates (振动) like notes in a song. This idea was popularized by physicist Max Tegmark in the early 2000s. He explained that everything in the cosmos—stars, planets, and even humans—vibrates at certain speeds. He said these vibrations which happen at certain speeds were called frequencies (频率). The story began with the Big Bang (大爆炸). The Big Bang created the first “sound waves” in space. Over billions of years, these waves shaped galaxies (星系) and helped form planets. Stars, acting as giant instruments, produced heavier elements through nuclear reactions (核反应). ★ For example, the iron in our blood “sings” at the same frequency as some distant stars! Tegmark called this connection “cosmic harmony” (宇宙和谐). He said our bodies might carry echoes (回声) of ancient star vibrations. The water we drink, the air we breathe, and the ground we walk on all share this universal music. Even a simple action, like clapping your hands, creates vibrations that are part of the universe’s grand symphony (乐). So, when you listen to your favorite song, remember: the atoms in your ears once “danced” to the rhythm of exploding stars. The universe isn’t just around us—it’s within us, and we’re all part of its endless melody. 1．Max Tegmark compare the universe to music because ________. A．he loved playing instruments with others B．everything vibrates at certain frequencies C．stars create beautiful sounds D．the Big Bang was very loud 2．What role did stars play in “cosmic harmony”? A．They produced light for planets, galaxies and for humans. B．They made the first music on Earth. C．They stopped sound waves in space D．They created heavier elements through nuclear reactions. 3．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．And the nuclear reactions influenced human activities. B．The Big Bang also carried echoes of ancient star vibrations. C．Perhaps the humans were responsible for the sound waves. D．These elements later became part of Earth and living things. 4．Why does the writer mention “clapping your hands” in paragraph 3? A．To explain how sound travels can make wonderful music for humans. B．To show that human actions are part of the universe’s vibrations. C．To describe a popular hobby. D．To prove that music is easy to make. 5．Which picture best matches the theme of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文介绍了科学家发现宇宙有其自身音乐，即宇宙中的一切（恒星、行星、人类等）都以特定频率振动。 1．细节理解题。根据“He explained that everything in the cosmos—stars, planets, and even humans—vibrates at certain speeds. He said these vibrations which happen at certain speeds were called frequencies.”可知，马克斯・泰格马克将宇宙比作音乐，是因为宇宙中的一切都以特定频率振动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Stars, acting as giant instruments, produced heavier elements through nuclear reactions.”可知，在“宇宙和谐”中，恒星通过核反应产生更重的元素。故选D。 3．推理判断题。前文提到恒星通过核反应产生更重元素，后文举例我们血液中的铁与某些遥远恒星以相同频率‘歌唱’，说明这些元素与地球和生物之间都有联系，D选项“这些元素后来成为地球和生物的一部分”符合语境。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Even a simple action, like clapping your hands, creates vibrations that are part of the universe’s grand symphony.”可知，作者提到拍手是为了表明人类的行为也是宇宙振动的一部分。故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读原文可知，文章围绕宇宙的音乐和宇宙和谐展开，D选项图片展示了宇宙相关内容，与文章主题匹配。故选D。 6 Have you ever seen a rainbow in the sky? Or perhaps some beautiful colorful lights in the polar (极地的) sky? These amazing natural light shows are often linked to something powerful happening on the Sun: solar flares. A solar flare is a sudden, bright burst (爆发) of energy on the Sun’s surface. It happens when twisted magnetic fields (磁场) on the Sun suddenly release a lot of energy at once. This explosion of light and heat can be seen from Earth, even from far away. For example, on the 15th of last month at 01:03 Beijing Time, the Sun erupted (爆发) with a powerful X2.8-class solar flare. Solar flares are not just pretty lights. They can send waves of energy toward Earth. Sometimes, they can cause colorful northern lights (北极光) in the sky. However, strong solar flares can also affect our technology. They can disrupt (扰乱) satellites, which are important for GPS and communication. They can even cause problems for radio signals, making it hard to use radios or phones. Scientists study solar flares to understand the Sun better and keep us safe. They use special telescopes and spacecraft to watch the Sun. By predicting (预测) when a solar flare might happen, they can warn us to protect our satellites and communication systems. Their research helps us understand just how powerful and amazing our Sun really is! 1．What is a solar flare? A．A type of rainbow in the sky. B．A sudden burst of energy on the Sun’s surface. C．A kind of twisted magnetic field. D．A colorful light show on Earth. 2．What causes a solar flare? A．Twisted magnetic fields on the Sun releasing energy. B．Colorful northern lights appearing in the sky. C．Satellites disrupting communication. D．Scientists studying the Sun with telescopes. 3．What is one possible negative effect of strong solar flares on Earth? A．They make the sky brighter. B．They cause northern lights to appear more often. C．They can disrupt satellites and radio signals. D．They help us understand the Sun better. 4．What is the purpose of scientists studying solar flares? A．To create more colorful light shows. B．To make it harder to use radios. C．To understand the Sun and keep us safe. D．To send more energy waves to Earth. 5．How is the text organized? A．It compares solar flares to other natural phenomena. B．It lists the historical events related to solar flares. C．It first defines solar flares, then explains their causes, effects, and the importance of studying them. D．It tells a story about a scientist who discovered solar flares. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文介绍了太阳耀斑的定义、成因、对地球的影响，以及科学家研究太阳耀斑的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A solar flare is a sudden, bright burst (爆发) of energy on the Sun’s surface.”可知，太阳耀斑是太阳表面能量的突然爆发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It happens when twisted magnetic fields (磁场) on the Sun suddenly release a lot of energy at once.”可知，太阳耀斑是由太阳上扭曲的磁场突然释放能量引起的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, strong solar flares can also affect our technology. They can disrupt (扰乱) satellites...They can even cause problems for radio signals...”可知，强太阳耀斑可能扰乱卫星和无线电信号。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientists study solar flares to understand the Sun better and keep us safe.”可知，科学家研究太阳耀斑是为了更好地了解太阳并保护我们的安全。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章首先引入太阳耀斑，然后定义并解释其成因，接着说明其影响，最后阐述研究的重要性，符合C选项的描述。故选C。 7 Recently, a great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon, which could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil (月壤), scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon. In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the Moon. The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (融化) when it reaches over 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor (蒸气). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day! All in all, this research opens up new possibilities for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true! 1．Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2? A．To show that it was totally wrong. B．To compare it with the new discovery. C．To prove that there is no running water on the Moon. D．To explain why people wanted to live on the Moon before. 2．How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 3．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the dream of humans living on the Moon? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Surprised. D．Doubtful. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Humans are the builders of the earth. B．Mistakes often help us find the truth. C．Scientific discoveries are continually moving forward. D．Future space exploration faces challenges and chances. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文讲述中国科学家通过嫦娥五号带回的月壤样本，发现高温熔融月壤可产生大量水蒸气，这一突破性研究为未来月球居住和探索提供了新的水资源解决方案，推动了人类太空定居的梦想。 1．推理判断题。根据“In the past, missions to the Moon showed that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil”可知，作者提到早期研究是为了与嫦娥五号带回的新发现形成对比，说明过去认为月球水资源稀少，而新发现提供了新的可能性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. ”可以推算，1000g月壤可获得51g-76g水。B选项水的刻度在这个区间内。故选B。 3．观点态度题。根据“As we learn more about how to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true!”可知，作者对月球居住的前景持乐观态度。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章先是介绍了过去人们对月球水的研究情况，即月壤中虽有水但含量极少难以利用，接着讲述了中国科学家的新发现，即利用月壤生产水的新方法，这体现了科学发现是不断向前发展的。故选C。 8 Thanks to the hard work of companies like California-based Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC), space tourism is well on its way to coming true. Now, the company is working to provide a chance for space visitors to “get out of the world” by checking into the world’s first true hotel in low-earth orbit (轨道). The Voyager Space Station (VSS, 航行者空间站) will be made up of two rings. The inside circle will be fitted with spacecraft stations for guests while the outside ring will have the rooms, restaurants, bars, gyms and scientific research labs. The hotel which is powered by the Sun will travel at high speed to create man-made gravity, providing tourists with a comfortable stay. When put into service, it will have rooms for up to 400 people. Though the idea is attractive, making VSS a reality will cost time and money. Moving the VSS to space will cost thousands of millions of dollars. However, OAC believes that they will recoup the money by asking $5 million per person for each 3-day stay. Though the cost may seem too high, it is cheap compared to the $55 million it costs to stay on the ISS (International Space Station). Besides, guests at the VSS will be living in the greatest conditions. “You’re going to have the top cooks,” OAC’s CEO John Blincow told the Washington Post. “There will be two shows every night as well.” Visitors will also be able to take part in the activities that are not possible on Earth such as spacewalks which allow visitors to admire views of the earth and space. If everything goes according to plan, the company plans to start work in 2026 and welcome the first visitors in 2027. 1．What do we know about the Voyager Space Station? A．It will be powered by electricity. B．It will be made up of two squares. C．It can provide relaxing living conditions. D．It can travel fast to get away from Earth’s gravity. 2．What does the underlined word “recoup” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．节省 B．赠送 C．赚回 D．用完 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Moving the VSS to space will cost much money. B．There will be labs in the inside circle of the VSS. C．The VSS plans to welcome the first visitors in 2026. D．The VSS will have rooms for no less than 400 people. 4．Why are John Blincow’s words mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To speak highly of the hard work of OAC． B．To show the great service of the VSS. C．To show the importance of exploring space. D．To describe what life will be like in the future. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It costs lots of time and money to travel to space. B．Traveling to space has long been humans’ dream. C．Space tourism has been welcomed since its beginning. D．The world’s first space hotel hopes to welcome visitors. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了由加州轨道组装公司（OAC）正在开发的全球首个低轨道空间站酒店“航行者空间站”（VSS）的计划细节和未来展望。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“The hotel which is powered by the Sun will travel at high speed to create man-made gravity, providing tourists with a comfortable stay.”可知，空间站通过高速旋转制造人造重力，为游客提供舒适的居住环境。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章“Moving the VSS to space will cost thousands of millions of dollars. However, OAC believes that they will recoup the money by asking $5 million per person for each 3-day stay.”可知，将航行者空间站送入太空将耗资数十亿美元，OAC通过向旅客收取高额费用来赚回成本，“recoup”是“赚回”的意思。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“Moving the VSS to space will cost thousands of millions of dollars.”可知将航行者空间站送入太空需耗费巨额资金。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章“‘You’re going to have the top cooks,’ OAC’s CEO John Blincow told the Washington Post. ‘There will be two shows every night as well.’”可知，John Blincow描述空间站将提供顶级厨师和夜间演出等豪华服务，目的是展示其优质服务。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕OAC计划建造首个太空酒店展开，包括其结构、功能、成本及服务，核心是“世界首个太空酒店希望迎接游客”。故选D。 9 Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear objects. In nature, rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight meet. Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light. Science, though, has unlocked their mysteries. Where and When Rainbows Appear Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow. It is usually in the morning or late afternoon. There will be rain or mist in front of you, and the sun will be shining from behind you. Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a rainbow in nature. A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy. You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall, too. A fountain (喷泉) under a bright moon can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler on a sunny day may put on a colorful show. How Rainbows Form René Descartes, who was a French scientist discovered that a rainbow looks like a half circle. However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. To see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle (角度). To understand rainbows, it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums (介质). Think of running on land. Then imagine running in knee-deep water. You move slower through water. In the same way, light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air. When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend (弯曲). We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain. Sunlight refracts (折射) as it enters each drop. The light then reflects (反射), or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light refracts again as it exits the drop. Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time. This process makes all the colors of a rainbow. 1．Which sentence below can best explain the underlined sentence “Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light” in Paragraph 1? A．Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists. B．Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows. C．The light plays tricks on people’s eyes and makes rainbows. D．Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks 2．In which of the following situations, a rainbow CAN’T form? A．In the mist of a waterfall. B．On a misty morning. C．Over a fountain under a bright moon. D．Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day. 3．Which could be the best picture for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A． B． C． D． 4．Which statement below is TRUE according to the article? A．Rainbow can be a complete circle as well as a half circle. B．You need to stand at a right angle to see a rainbow. C．Light can actually make a pencil bend in water. D．Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water. 5．What is the process to create a rainbow? A．Sunlight enters the raindrop, reflects, refracts, and then reflects again as it exits. B．Sunlight enters the raindrop, refracts, reflects, and then refracts again as it exits. C．Sunlight enters the raindrop, refracts, bounces, and then reflects as it exits. D．Sunlight enters the raindrop, reflects, bounces, and then refracts as it exits. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了彩虹的形成原理、出现的时间和地点等相关知识。 1．推理判断题。根据“Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light”可知，“彩虹是光的美丽把戏”，这句话的意思是光通过折射、反射等作用让我们看到彩虹，就好像在跟我们的眼睛玩把戏一样。因此C选项“光对人的眼睛玩把戏，从而形成彩虹”是最能解释这句话的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“A fountain (喷泉) under a bright moon can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler on a sunny day may put on a colorful show.”及“A rainbow won’t appear if the sky is too cloudy.”可知，洒水器在晴朗的天气时可以形成彩虹，在多云的天气时不能形成彩虹。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water seem to bend ( 弯曲).”可知，当光进入水中时，它的速度会减慢，并且会改变其原本的传播路径。这一过程使得诸如放在水杯里的铅笔之类的物体看起来好像发生了弯曲。选项D，此图是关于光在空气和水中折射的原理，光从空气进入水中，发生折射。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. To see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle (角度).” 可知，彩虹看起来像半圆形。但实际上，彩虹形成的是一个完整的圆。要看到彩虹，观察者必须从合适的角度观察光线。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Sunlight refracts (折射) as it enters each drop. The light then reflects (反射), or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light refracts again as it exits the drop.” 可知，阳光进入雨滴时折射，然后反射，离开雨滴时再次折射。故选B。 10 Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts say there might be even greater danger to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. Because of that, the number of polar bears (北极熊) and seals (海豹) has dropped greatly while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals. According to the data from the WMO (世界气象组织), temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just reach 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average (平均的) temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃. Besides, ▲ . Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving wildfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while there are floods in Eastern and Southern China. “Climate change is bad for human beings. It causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.” 1．According to the passage, what’s the temperature on the Antarctica now? A．17.59℃. B．18.3℃. C．3℃. D．-57℃. 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．The Antarctica is pleasant for a picnic. B．Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe. C．Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases. D．The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March,2015. 3．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A．many places are going through different weather this summer. B．many places are experiencing terrible weather this summer. C．many places are going through the same weather this summer. D．many places are experiencing the coldest weather this summer. 4．Where can we probably read the text? A．In a medical report. B．In a sports newspaper. C．In an environmental magazine. D．In a tourist guide. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文介绍了气候变化引发诸多恶劣天气，危害地球与人类，还会带来更多健康、污染等问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to the data from the WMO (世界气象组织), temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just reach 18.3℃”可知，南极洲现在的温度是 18.3℃。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知，气候变化会导致空气污染、疾病等。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) ... Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather ... Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while there are floods in Eastern and Southern China.”可知，列举了澳大利亚、欧洲、美国得克萨斯州西部、中国东部和南部等多地遭遇的干旱、洪水等恶劣天气，说明很多地方都在经历恶劣天气。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍气候变化带来的恶劣天气及影响，与环境相关，所以可能在环境杂志上读到。故选C。 11 In Morocco’s desert, a rare (罕见的) heavy rain has brought lakes and ponds back to life. The locals and tourists praised it as a gift from the sky. In a town called Merzouga, which is far from the capital city, the dry desert around has lakes and ponds. Local guides said the rain had attracted even more visitors to the tourist area to see the changes. In fact, this area has suffered from water shortage for long. Last year was the driest year in Morocco in 80 years, but in September, there was such a heavy rain that it even caused floods. This rain was caused by a change in the weather patterns and helped fill some reservoirs (水库) and groundwater in the south of Morocco. But to see a big change in the water levels, the rain needs to keep falling for a longer time. However, the rest of the country is still busy dealing with a six-year drought (干旱). This drought brings great harm to farming, and farming offers one third of the total jobs in Morocco. Jean Marc Berhocoirigoin, a 68-year-old French tourist, was amazed to see Yasmina Lake full again. “I felt like a kid on Christmas morning,” he said, having not seen such views in 15 years. Other desert areas, like Erg Znaigui, have also received water. However, scientists warn that one heavy rain won’t create lasting change. Yet, Morocco’s weather agency suggests that such heavy rains might happen more often, caused partly by climate change. 1．How did the locals and tourists like the rain? A．It was lively. B．It was helpful. C．It was natural. D．It was strange. 2．How has the heavy rain influenced the town of Merzouga? A．It has caused serious flooding. B．It has caused tourism to go down. C．It has made more visitors interested. D．It has changed the color of local lakes. 3．What can be learned about Morocco in Paragraph 3? A．Many Moroccans work on farming. B．It is a country often troubled by floods. C．This year was the driest one in 80 years. D．There is more groundwater in the north of it. 4．What does Morocco’s weather agency suggest about future weather patterns? A．They will return to normal. B．They will change less often. C．They will include more rainfall. D．They will cause climate change. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Moroccans’ fight against drought. B．Moroccans’ search for more water. C．The rise of tourism industry in Morocco. D．The influence of climate change on Morocco. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了摩洛哥沙漠地区罕见的暴雨给当地带来的影响，以及气候变化对摩洛哥天气模式的潜在影响。 1．观点态度题。根据“The locals and tourists praised it as a gift from the sky.”可知，当地人和游客认为这场雨是有帮助的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Local guides said the rain had attracted even more visitors to the tourist area to see the changes.”可知，暴雨让更多游客对梅尔祖卡镇感兴趣。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“farming offers one third of the total jobs in Morocco.”可知，许多摩洛哥人从事农业工作。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Morocco’s weather agency suggests that such heavy rains might happen more often, caused partly by climate change.”可知，此类暴雨可能会更频繁发生，部分原因是气候变化。由此可推测，未来天气模式可能包含更多降雨。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕摩洛哥沙漠地区的暴雨及其影响展开，重点讨论气候变化对当地天气和生活的长期影响。故选D。 12 Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer? The answer is yes! There are some reasons for this. The sun is lower in the sky in fall. As the days get shorter, the sun appears lower and lower in the sky. It doesn’t shine directly on us anymore. Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered (散射). This lets the sky seem bluer. In fall, there is less water in the air, so there are fewer clouds. Fall is known for good weather—cooler temperatures and less wet air. The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter. You might be surprised, but the colorful leaves of fall actually help give the sky’s blueness a color boost (增强), which can make the sky seem even bluer. If you’ve made a color wheel for an art class, you know that blue and orange are opposite colors that look good together. The red, orange, and gold leaves of fall make the blue sky stand out beautifully against them. This contrast looks nice and creates a special autumn view. So, the next time you’re out enjoying the beautiful weather in autumn, take a moment to look up at the sky, remember these reasons why it looks so blue and enjoy the view! 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 2．Why does the sky look bluer in fall according to Paragraph 2? A．Because the sun is shining directly on us. B．Because the sun is closer to the earth. C．Because the sun is smaller in the sky. D．Because the sun is covered by the clouds. 3．Which one shows the relationship between the water in the air (x) and the blue color of the sky (y)? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①②③/④/⑤ 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文探讨了秋天天空为何比夏天更蓝的原因，并鼓励读者在秋天欣赏美丽天空的同时，记住这些使天空更加蔚蓝的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Is the sky bluer in fall than in summer?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式来引出话题的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, it is closer to the earth and more blue light is scattered. This lets the sky seem bluer.”可知，秋天的天空看起来更蓝是因为太阳离地球更近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The air does not hold much water, so clouds do not form easily. When there are few or no clouds covering the sky, the blue color of the sky shows more clearly, and the sky looks more open and brighter.”可知，空气中没有多少水分，所以云不容易形成，当天空很少或没有云覆盖时，天空的蓝色更明显，天空看起来更开阔，更明亮。由此可知，空气中的水分越少，天空的蓝色越明显，即空气中的水分越多，天空的蓝色越不明显，两者应成反比例关系，选项B中的数轴图为反比例关系。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了“秋天的天空比夏天更蓝”的话题；第二、三、四段分别解释了三个原因；第五段鼓励读者在秋天欣赏美丽的天空，并记住这些原因，则本文结构为“①/②③④/⑤”。故选A。 $