Unit 7 The natural world 自然界（话题阅读精练）英语译林版2024八年级上册

Unit 7 The natural world 自然界 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 317 本文介绍了蜥蜴岛研究站及其珊瑚礁研究之旅 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 353 本文介绍了神农架自然保护区的由来和概况 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 219 本文介绍了中国在太空进行的一项关于斑马鱼的研究 B 说明文 313 本文介绍了科学家通过预测蚂蚁的数量来预测环境的变化 完形填空 记叙文 288 本文介绍了作者去祖父母家收集蜂蜜的一次经历 语法填空 说明文 251 本文介绍了水在中国文化中的重要意义，以及水给人类带来的双面影响。并呼吁人们及时采取行动保护环境 时文阅读 Passage 1 Lizard Island Research Station and Coral Reef Study Tour 蜥蜴岛研究站与珊瑚礁研究之旅 Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS) is a place where people study coral reefs. It belongs to the Australian Museum and is run by them. The station is on Lizard Island (also called Jiigurru), which is part of the Great Barrier Reef. It is 270 km north of Cairns. Scientists from all over the world come to LIRS. They study many things about coral reefs. What they find is written in science magazines. The information helps people who take care of the reefs. Coral reefs have many problems now. For example, the climate is getting warmer, there are too many crown-of-thorn starfish, and cyclones damage them. Right now, many people are working hard to understand these problems and find ways to deal with them. Are you in Year 11 this year? Do you study Stage 6 Biology or Stage 6 Marine Science? Do you love science and nature? Would you like to know more about coral reefs? If you say "yes" to these, we want you to apply for a spot on the Lizard Island Coral Reef Study Tour 2025. There are 16 spots in total. The Lizard Island Coral Reef Study Tour is a special learning trip. You will live on the Great Barrier Reef and learn about coral reef science. Marine scientists will lead the tour. These beautiful reefs are home to many different living things. But now, they are changing very fast. This tour will let you experience field research. It will also give senior biology students great examples to study. We want students who are excited to learn about coral reefs. They should be able to tell us how this trip will help their studies. “Participating in LICRST was an eye-opening experience. I never truly understood the intricacies of coral reefs until I witnessed their extent first hand. What amazed me most was their remarkable ability to recover from adversity.” Student participant in 2023 蜥蜴岛研究站（LIRS）是一个人们研究珊瑚礁的地方。它属于澳大利亚博物馆，并由该博物馆管理。该研究站位于蜥蜴岛（也称为 Jiigurru），蜥蜴岛是大堡礁的一部分。它在凯恩斯以北 270 公里处。 来自世界各地的科学家来到蜥蜴岛研究站。他们研究许多关于珊瑚礁的事情。他们的研究发现会刊登在科学杂志上。这些信息有助于那些保护珊瑚礁的人们。现在珊瑚礁面临着许多问题。例如，气候正在变暖，有太多的棘冠海星，而且飓风也会破坏它们。目前，许多人都在努力了解这些问题并找到解决办法。 你今年上 11 年级吗？你学习 6 阶段的生物学或 6 阶段的海洋科学吗？你热爱科学和自然吗？你想更多地了解珊瑚礁吗？如果你对这些问题的答案都是 “是”，我们希望你申请 2025 年蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅的名额。总共有 16 个名额。 蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅是一次特殊的学习之旅。你将住在大堡礁，学习珊瑚礁科学知识。海洋科学家将带领这次旅行。 这些美丽的珊瑚礁是许多不同生物的家园。但现在，它们正在迅速变化。这次旅行将让你体验实地研究。它也会给高年级的生物学学生提供很好的学习案例。 我们希望招募那些热衷于学习珊瑚礁知识的学生。他们应该能够告诉我们这次旅行将如何对他们的学习有所帮助。 “参加蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅是一次开阔眼界的经历。在亲眼目睹珊瑚礁的范围之前，我从未真正理解珊瑚礁的复杂之处。最让我惊讶的是它们从逆境中恢复的非凡能力。” 2023 年的学生参与者 【长难句分析】 1.Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS) is a place where people study coral reefs. 翻译：蜥蜴岛研究站（LIRS）是一个人们研究珊瑚礁的地方。 分析：这是一个复合句，“Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS)” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“a place” 是表语，“where people study coral reefs” 是定语从句，修饰 “place”，“where” 在从句中作地点状语。 2.The station is on Lizard Island (also called Jiigurru), which is part of the Great Barrier Reef. 翻译：该研究站位于蜥蜴岛（也称为 Jiigurru），蜥蜴岛是大堡礁的一部分。 分析：“The station” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“on Lizard Island” 是表语；“which is part of the Great Barrier Reef” 是定语从句，修饰 “Lizard Island”，“which” 在从句中作主语。 3.What they find is written in science magazines. 翻译：他们的研究发现会刊登在科学杂志上。 分析：这是一个被动句，“What they find” 是主语从句，在句中作主语，“is written” 是谓语，“in science magazines” 是状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 逆境 2.coral reef /ˈkɒrəl riːf/n. 珊瑚礁 3.apply /əˈplaɪ/v. 申请 4.marine /məˈriːn/adj. 海洋的 5.participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/n. 参与者 6.intricate /ˈɪntrɪkət/adj. 复杂的 7.witness /ˈwɪtnəs/v. 目睹 8.remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/adj. 非凡的 9.recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/v. 恢复 Passage 2 Shennongjia Nature Reserve 神农架自然保护区 Shennongjia Nature Reserve, also called Shennongjia Forest Zone, is a well-preserved natural geopark. It covers 3,253 square kilometers and is in western Hubei Province. It is close to Wudang Mountain, and it takes about 5 hours by car to get there. Shennongjia has a complete subtropical forest ecosystem. It is home to many rare animals and plants. There are more than 20 peaks in the reserve. The highest one is Shennongding (Shennong Peak), which is 3105.4 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in Central China, so people call Shennongjia "the Roof of Central China". There is a story about how Shennongjia got its name. A long time ago, there was a man named Shennong, also known as Yandi. He was one of the Chinese ancestors and had two horns on his head. He tasted all kinds of plants to find medicines that could cure people. He worked hard to find many useful herbs. Because of his great help, this place was named after him—Shennongjia. In 2013, it became the 28th World Geopark in China. The weather in Shennongjia is nice. The average temperature all year round is 12℃, so it is good to visit at any time. The best time to go is from May to October. During this time, you can see rhododendrons in bloom. You can also enjoy climbing mountains or even riding a bike around. Shennongding, the highest peak, is in the southwest of the reserve. It covers 2 square kilometers. Along the way to the top, there are bamboo forests, rhododendron forests and alpine fir forests. People call it "four seasons mountain". Nearby, there is a natural forest. You can see waterfalls, canyons and caves there. There is also a place where wild animals are taken care of. You can see animals like golden monkeys and spotted deer there. Shennongjia National Park has many kinds of wild animals. There are 22 types of mammals, 98 kinds of birds, 6 amphibians and reptiles, 3 fishes and 9 insects. The park's rich biodiversity is a result of its unique geographical location and the preservation of its ancient forests. 神农架自然保护区，也被称为神农架林区，是一个保存完好的自然地质公园。它占地 3253 平方公里，位于湖北省西部。它邻近武当山，开车到那里大约需要 5 个小时。 神农架拥有完整的亚热带森林生态系统，是许多珍稀动植物的栖息地。保护区内有 20 多座山峰，最高的一座是神农顶，海拔 3105.4 米。它是华中地区的最高峰，因此人们称神农架为 “华中屋脊”。 关于神农架名字的由来有一个故事。很久以前，有一个叫神农的人，也被称为炎帝。他是中华民族的始祖之一，头上长着两只角。他品尝各种各样的植物，以寻找能治病的药物。他努力寻觅，找到了许多有用的草药。由于他的巨大贡献，这个地方便以他的名字命名为 —— 神农架。2013 年，它成为了中国第 28 个世界地质公园。 神农架的天气很不错，全年平均气温为 12℃，所以任何时候去游玩都合适。最佳的游玩时间是 5 月到 10 月，在这段时间里，你可以看到盛开的杜鹃花，还可以享受爬山的乐趣，甚至可以四处骑自行车。 最高峰神农顶位于保护区的西南部，占地 2 平方公里。在通往山顶的路上，有竹林、杜鹃林和高山冷杉林，人们称它为 “四季山”。 附近有一片天然森林，在那里你可以看到瀑布、峡谷和洞穴。还有一个照料野生动物的地方，在那里你能看到金丝猴、梅花鹿等动物。 神农架国家公园有许多种野生动物，包括 22 种哺乳动物、98 种鸟类、6 种两栖爬行动物、3 种鱼类和 9 种昆虫。该公园丰富的生物多样性得益于其独特的地理位置以及对古老森林的保护。 【长难句分析】 1.The highest one is Shennongding (Shennong Peak), which is 3105.4 meters above sea level. 翻译：最高的一座是神农顶（神农峰），海拔 3105.4 米。 分析：主句为 “The highest one is Shennongding”。“which is 3105.4 meters above sea level” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “Shennongding”，其中 “which” 在从句中作主语，该从句具体说明了神农顶的海拔高度，让读者清楚其高度信息。 2.He tasted all kinds of plants to find medicines that could cure people. 翻译：他品尝各种各样的植物，以寻找能治病的药物。 分析：主句是 “He tasted all kinds of plants”。“to find medicines” 是不定式短语作目的状语，表明 “品尝植物” 的目的；“that could cure people” 是定语从句，修饰 “medicines”，“that” 在从句中作主语，进一步说明药物的作用是 “能治病”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.geopark /ˈdʒiːəʊpɑːk/n. 地质公园 2.cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 占地；覆盖 3.subtropical /ˌsʌbˈtrɒpɪkl/adj. 亚热带的 4.peak /piːk/n. 山峰 5.ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/n. 祖先 6.herb /hɜːb/n. 草药 7.rhododendron /ˌrəʊdəˈdendrən/n. 杜鹃花 8.waterfall /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/n. 瀑布 9.canyon /ˈkænjən/n. 峡谷 10.biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/n. 生物多样性 11.preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A Fish babies in space? In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese had a new record. They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou 18 spaceship on April 25 and then lived in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. In their special closed water world, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future study in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists also found that the zebrafish acted differently than on Earth. For example, they often swam on their back. The low gravity (重力) in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 1．What do we know about the space study? A．It took place in a closed water world. B．The zebrafish gave birth to four babies at last. C．It took zebrafish less than one month to grow up. D．Scientists from different countries did it together. 2．Which picture should be in the circle to show the ecosystem in the fish tank? A． B． C． D． 3．What was the result of the low gravity in space? A．Human bodies got stronger. B．Animals could easily find way. C．The zebrafish swam on their back. D．The zebrafish swam in different directions. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The plan of the space study. B．The course of the space study. C．The meaning of the space study. D．The finding of the space study. B Have you ever wondered how many ants (蚂蚁) there are on Earth? Scientists at the University of Hong Kong certainly have. In a new study, they estimated (估计) the number of the world’s ants is about 20,000,000,000,000,000 (20 with 15 zeroes)! That means for every human, there are nearly 2.5 million ants. If you put all the ants on a scale (秤), they’d weigh more than all the wild birds and mammals (哺乳动物) on Earth. How did they count such a big number? In the past, many scientists have counted ants in different areas. They collected fallen leaves and earth and dried them to force the ants to come out for counting. Based on 465 studies that cover all continents, the new study made the estimation. According to Wang Runxi, one of the authors, the number and distribution (分布) of ants can be valuable predictors of environmental changes. “Ants play an important role in the ecosystem (生态系统),” Wang told Science and Technology Daily. “They help loosen the soil (松土), spread seeds, break down things and form a part of the food chain (食物链). They are everywhere on Earth except for the coldest places.” “Compared with big animals, little ants are more sensitive (敏感的) to environmental changes,” Wang added. Most ants live in tropical (热带) and subtropical (亚热带) areas. But in recent years, ants have been moving toward the two poles because of global warming. Changes in forests, such as too much logging, also affect the number of ants, the study showed. “Our global map of ants allows us to better understand and predict ants’ responses to worrying environmental changes,” scientists wrote in the study. 5．What does the study show about ants? A．Ants actually belong to mammals. B．There are more ants than humans. C．Ants on Earth weigh more than all other animals. D．There are nearly 2.5 million ants on Earth. 6．How did scientists count ants in different areas? A．They counted the ants running on the ground. B．They picked leaves from trees and counted ants on them. C．They dried fallen leaves and earth to make ants come out. D．They made a fire on the fallen leaves to count the dead bodies. 7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why ants are important. B．How the ecosystem works. C．How ants work in the soil. D．What Wang Runxi found about Earth. 8．According to Wang, how has global warming affected ants in recent years? A．Many ants have moved to warm places. B．More ants start to live in forests. C．The number of ants is going up. D．More ants are moving to the two poles. 二、完形填空 Last weekend, we went on a trip to visit my grandparents. They live far away 1 we don’t often visit them. Grandpa keeps 2 . He has three hives (蜂箱) in a field next to the house. I have always wanted to help him 3 the honey and last weekend he agreed. “Before we collect the honey, Sophie, we have to 4 ,” he told me. First, we put some bottles in the basket. 5 were for the honey. Next, we 6 protective clothes. We wore special hats that have nets to keep out the bees. Then grandpa showed me how to 7 the smoke machine. The smoke is important. It keeps the bees calm. If the bees get 8 , they will eat all the honey and then fly away. Finally, we went to the hives. “It is 9 not to be afraid,” Grandpa said. “Bees act to your 10 . If you are calm, then they are calm.” I worked the smoke machine and grandpa put the honey in the bottles. We collected four bottles of honey. When we got back, grandma 11 us tea and toast in the garden. I put honey on my toast. It was 12 . After enjoying our delicious tea and toast, we sat in the garden, watching the sunset painting the sky with colors of orange and pink. Grandma told us 13 of her childhood, and we all laughed and talked until the night grew dark. As we said our goodbyes the next day, I hugged my grandparents 14 , feeling thankful for the special time we had shared. I couldn’t wait to 15 them again and learn more about Grandpa’s bees and the wonders of nature. 1．A．unless B．so C．before D．though 2．A．bees B．flies C．chickens D．horses 3．A．create B．make C．collect D．burn 4．A．understand B．promise C．prepare D．stop 5．A．It B．He C．She D．They 6．A．waited for B．talked about C．put on D．took off 7．A．tie B．place C．work D．repair 8．A．cool B．happy C．bored D．excited 9．A．easy B．important C．crazy D．hard 10．A．feelings B．thoughts C．plans D．habits 11．A．served B．bought C．lent D．guided 12．A．terrible B．delicious C．strange D．clear 13．A．questions B．ideas C．prizes D．stories 14．A．sadly B．shyly C．quickly D．closely 15．A．answer B．visit C．ask D．beat 三、语法填空 Water plays an 1 (importance) role in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 2 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 3 (they). 4 meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the 5 (begin) of all life, water also gives us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible 6 our human beings to live without water. 7 , the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 8 (home). 9 (solve) the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 10 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the lack (缺乏) 11 more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 12 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it can’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 13 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s 14 (start) before it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 15 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 9._______________ 10._______________ 11._______________ 12._______________ 13._______________ 14._______________ 15._______________ $ Unit 7 The natural world 自然界 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 317 本文介绍了蜥蜴岛研究站及其珊瑚礁研究之旅 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 353 本文介绍了神农架自然保护区的由来和概况 实战演练 阅读理解 A 说明文 219 本文介绍了中国在太空进行的一项关于斑马鱼的研究 B 说明文 313 本文介绍了科学家通过预测蚂蚁的数量来预测环境的变化 完形填空 记叙文 288 本文介绍了作者去祖父母家收集蜂蜜的一次经历 语法填空 说明文 251 本文介绍了水在中国文化中的重要意义，以及水给人类带来的双面影响。并呼吁人们及时采取行动保护环境 时文阅读 Passage 1 Lizard Island Research Station and Coral Reef Study Tour 蜥蜴岛研究站与珊瑚礁研究之旅 Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS) is a place where people study coral reefs. It belongs to the Australian Museum and is run by them. The station is on Lizard Island (also called Jiigurru), which is part of the Great Barrier Reef. It is 270 km north of Cairns. Scientists from all over the world come to LIRS. They study many things about coral reefs. What they find is written in science magazines. The information helps people who take care of the reefs. Coral reefs have many problems now. For example, the climate is getting warmer, there are too many crown-of-thorn starfish, and cyclones damage them. Right now, many people are working hard to understand these problems and find ways to deal with them. Are you in Year 11 this year? Do you study Stage 6 Biology or Stage 6 Marine Science? Do you love science and nature? Would you like to know more about coral reefs? If you say "yes" to these, we want you to apply for a spot on the Lizard Island Coral Reef Study Tour 2025. There are 16 spots in total. The Lizard Island Coral Reef Study Tour is a special learning trip. You will live on the Great Barrier Reef and learn about coral reef science. Marine scientists will lead the tour. These beautiful reefs are home to many different living things. But now, they are changing very fast. This tour will let you experience field research. It will also give senior biology students great examples to study. We want students who are excited to learn about coral reefs. They should be able to tell us how this trip will help their studies. “Participating in LICRST was an eye-opening experience. I never truly understood the intricacies of coral reefs until I witnessed their extent first hand. What amazed me most was their remarkable ability to recover from adversity.” Student participant in 2023 蜥蜴岛研究站（LIRS）是一个人们研究珊瑚礁的地方。它属于澳大利亚博物馆，并由该博物馆管理。该研究站位于蜥蜴岛（也称为 Jiigurru），蜥蜴岛是大堡礁的一部分。它在凯恩斯以北 270 公里处。 来自世界各地的科学家来到蜥蜴岛研究站。他们研究许多关于珊瑚礁的事情。他们的研究发现会刊登在科学杂志上。这些信息有助于那些保护珊瑚礁的人们。现在珊瑚礁面临着许多问题。例如，气候正在变暖，有太多的棘冠海星，而且飓风也会破坏它们。目前，许多人都在努力了解这些问题并找到解决办法。 你今年上 11 年级吗？你学习 6 阶段的生物学或 6 阶段的海洋科学吗？你热爱科学和自然吗？你想更多地了解珊瑚礁吗？如果你对这些问题的答案都是 “是”，我们希望你申请 2025 年蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅的名额。总共有 16 个名额。 蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅是一次特殊的学习之旅。你将住在大堡礁，学习珊瑚礁科学知识。海洋科学家将带领这次旅行。 这些美丽的珊瑚礁是许多不同生物的家园。但现在，它们正在迅速变化。这次旅行将让你体验实地研究。它也会给高年级的生物学学生提供很好的学习案例。 我们希望招募那些热衷于学习珊瑚礁知识的学生。他们应该能够告诉我们这次旅行将如何对他们的学习有所帮助。 “参加蜥蜴岛珊瑚礁研究之旅是一次开阔眼界的经历。在亲眼目睹珊瑚礁的范围之前，我从未真正理解珊瑚礁的复杂之处。最让我惊讶的是它们从逆境中恢复的非凡能力。” 2023 年的学生参与者 【长难句分析】 1.Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS) is a place where people study coral reefs. 翻译：蜥蜴岛研究站（LIRS）是一个人们研究珊瑚礁的地方。 分析：这是一个复合句，“Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS)” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“a place” 是表语，“where people study coral reefs” 是定语从句，修饰 “place”，“where” 在从句中作地点状语。 2.The station is on Lizard Island (also called Jiigurru), which is part of the Great Barrier Reef. 翻译：该研究站位于蜥蜴岛（也称为 Jiigurru），蜥蜴岛是大堡礁的一部分。 分析：“The station” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“on Lizard Island” 是表语；“which is part of the Great Barrier Reef” 是定语从句，修饰 “Lizard Island”，“which” 在从句中作主语。 3.What they find is written in science magazines. 翻译：他们的研究发现会刊登在科学杂志上。 分析：这是一个被动句，“What they find” 是主语从句，在句中作主语，“is written” 是谓语，“in science magazines” 是状语。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 逆境 2.coral reef /ˈkɒrəl riːf/n. 珊瑚礁 3.apply /əˈplaɪ/v. 申请 4.marine /məˈriːn/adj. 海洋的 5.participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/n. 参与者 6.intricate /ˈɪntrɪkət/adj. 复杂的 7.witness /ˈwɪtnəs/v. 目睹 8.remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/adj. 非凡的 9.recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/v. 恢复 Passage 2 Shennongjia Nature Reserve 神农架自然保护区 Shennongjia Nature Reserve, also called Shennongjia Forest Zone, is a well-preserved natural geopark. It covers 3,253 square kilometers and is in western Hubei Province. It is close to Wudang Mountain, and it takes about 5 hours by car to get there. Shennongjia has a complete subtropical forest ecosystem. It is home to many rare animals and plants. There are more than 20 peaks in the reserve. The highest one is Shennongding (Shennong Peak), which is 3105.4 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in Central China, so people call Shennongjia "the Roof of Central China". There is a story about how Shennongjia got its name. A long time ago, there was a man named Shennong, also known as Yandi. He was one of the Chinese ancestors and had two horns on his head. He tasted all kinds of plants to find medicines that could cure people. He worked hard to find many useful herbs. Because of his great help, this place was named after him—Shennongjia. In 2013, it became the 28th World Geopark in China. The weather in Shennongjia is nice. The average temperature all year round is 12℃, so it is good to visit at any time. The best time to go is from May to October. During this time, you can see rhododendrons in bloom. You can also enjoy climbing mountains or even riding a bike around. Shennongding, the highest peak, is in the southwest of the reserve. It covers 2 square kilometers. Along the way to the top, there are bamboo forests, rhododendron forests and alpine fir forests. People call it "four seasons mountain". Nearby, there is a natural forest. You can see waterfalls, canyons and caves there. There is also a place where wild animals are taken care of. You can see animals like golden monkeys and spotted deer there. Shennongjia National Park has many kinds of wild animals. There are 22 types of mammals, 98 kinds of birds, 6 amphibians and reptiles, 3 fishes and 9 insects. The park's rich biodiversity is a result of its unique geographical location and the preservation of its ancient forests. 神农架自然保护区，也被称为神农架林区，是一个保存完好的自然地质公园。它占地 3253 平方公里，位于湖北省西部。它邻近武当山，开车到那里大约需要 5 个小时。 神农架拥有完整的亚热带森林生态系统，是许多珍稀动植物的栖息地。保护区内有 20 多座山峰，最高的一座是神农顶，海拔 3105.4 米。它是华中地区的最高峰，因此人们称神农架为 “华中屋脊”。 关于神农架名字的由来有一个故事。很久以前，有一个叫神农的人，也被称为炎帝。他是中华民族的始祖之一，头上长着两只角。他品尝各种各样的植物，以寻找能治病的药物。他努力寻觅，找到了许多有用的草药。由于他的巨大贡献，这个地方便以他的名字命名为 —— 神农架。2013 年，它成为了中国第 28 个世界地质公园。 神农架的天气很不错，全年平均气温为 12℃，所以任何时候去游玩都合适。最佳的游玩时间是 5 月到 10 月，在这段时间里，你可以看到盛开的杜鹃花，还可以享受爬山的乐趣，甚至可以四处骑自行车。 最高峰神农顶位于保护区的西南部，占地 2 平方公里。在通往山顶的路上，有竹林、杜鹃林和高山冷杉林，人们称它为 “四季山”。 附近有一片天然森林，在那里你可以看到瀑布、峡谷和洞穴。还有一个照料野生动物的地方，在那里你能看到金丝猴、梅花鹿等动物。 神农架国家公园有许多种野生动物，包括 22 种哺乳动物、98 种鸟类、6 种两栖爬行动物、3 种鱼类和 9 种昆虫。该公园丰富的生物多样性得益于其独特的地理位置以及对古老森林的保护。 【长难句分析】 1.The highest one is Shennongding (Shennong Peak), which is 3105.4 meters above sea level. 翻译：最高的一座是神农顶（神农峰），海拔 3105.4 米。 分析：主句为 “The highest one is Shennongding”。“which is 3105.4 meters above sea level” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “Shennongding”，其中 “which” 在从句中作主语，该从句具体说明了神农顶的海拔高度，让读者清楚其高度信息。 2.He tasted all kinds of plants to find medicines that could cure people. 翻译：他品尝各种各样的植物，以寻找能治病的药物。 分析：主句是 “He tasted all kinds of plants”。“to find medicines” 是不定式短语作目的状语，表明 “品尝植物” 的目的；“that could cure people” 是定语从句，修饰 “medicines”，“that” 在从句中作主语，进一步说明药物的作用是 “能治病”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1.geopark /ˈdʒiːəʊpɑːk/n. 地质公园 2.cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 占地；覆盖 3.subtropical /ˌsʌbˈtrɒpɪkl/adj. 亚热带的 4.peak /piːk/n. 山峰 5.ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/n. 祖先 6.herb /hɜːb/n. 草药 7.rhododendron /ˌrəʊdəˈdendrən/n. 杜鹃花 8.waterfall /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/n. 瀑布 9.canyon /ˈkænjən/n. 峡谷 10.biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/n. 生物多样性 11.preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/n. 保护 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A Fish babies in space? In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese had a new record. They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou 18 spaceship on April 25 and then lived in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. In their special closed water world, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future study in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists also found that the zebrafish acted differently than on Earth. For example, they often swam on their back. The low gravity (重力) in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 1．What do we know about the space study? A．It took place in a closed water world. B．The zebrafish gave birth to four babies at last. C．It took zebrafish less than one month to grow up. D．Scientists from different countries did it together. 2．Which picture should be in the circle to show the ecosystem in the fish tank? A． B． C． D． 3．What was the result of the low gravity in space? A．Human bodies got stronger. B．Animals could easily find way. C．The zebrafish swam on their back. D．The zebrafish swam in different directions. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The plan of the space study. B．The course of the space study. C．The meaning of the space study. D．The finding of the space study. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国在太空进行的一项关于斑马鱼的研究，包括研究的环境、斑马鱼在太空的生存繁衍情况、太空低重力对斑马鱼的影响，以及该研究对理解人类健康的意义。 1．细节理解题。 根据“They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world.”可知，这项太空研究是在一个封闭的水环境中进行的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“In their special closed - loop ecosystem, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste gave the plants food.”可知，鱼的排泄物为植物提供食物，选项B，鱼指向植物的箭头表示鱼的排泄物为植物提供养分。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The scientists also found that the zebrafish acted differently than on Earth. For example, they often swam on their back. The low gravity in space is a big reason.”可知，太空低重力导致斑马鱼经常仰着游。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes. So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health.”可知，因为斑马鱼和人类基因相似，能对科学家更好地理解人类健康有帮助，强调的是太空研究的意义。故选C。 B Have you ever wondered how many ants (蚂蚁) there are on Earth? Scientists at the University of Hong Kong certainly have. In a new study, they estimated (估计) the number of the world’s ants is about 20,000,000,000,000,000 (20 with 15 zeroes)! That means for every human, there are nearly 2.5 million ants. If you put all the ants on a scale (秤), they’d weigh more than all the wild birds and mammals (哺乳动物) on Earth. How did they count such a big number? In the past, many scientists have counted ants in different areas. They collected fallen leaves and earth and dried them to force the ants to come out for counting. Based on 465 studies that cover all continents, the new study made the estimation. According to Wang Runxi, one of the authors, the number and distribution (分布) of ants can be valuable predictors of environmental changes. “Ants play an important role in the ecosystem (生态系统),” Wang told Science and Technology Daily. “They help loosen the soil (松土), spread seeds, break down things and form a part of the food chain (食物链). They are everywhere on Earth except for the coldest places.” “Compared with big animals, little ants are more sensitive (敏感的) to environmental changes,” Wang added. Most ants live in tropical (热带) and subtropical (亚热带) areas. But in recent years, ants have been moving toward the two poles because of global warming. Changes in forests, such as too much logging, also affect the number of ants, the study showed. “Our global map of ants allows us to better understand and predict ants’ responses to worrying environmental changes,” scientists wrote in the study. 5．What does the study show about ants? A．Ants actually belong to mammals. B．There are more ants than humans. C．Ants on Earth weigh more than all other animals. D．There are nearly 2.5 million ants on Earth. 6．How did scientists count ants in different areas? A．They counted the ants running on the ground. B．They picked leaves from trees and counted ants on them. C．They dried fallen leaves and earth to make ants come out. D．They made a fire on the fallen leaves to count the dead bodies. 7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why ants are important. B．How the ecosystem works. C．How ants work in the soil. D．What Wang Runxi found about Earth. 8．According to Wang, how has global warming affected ants in recent years? A．Many ants have moved to warm places. B．More ants start to live in forests. C．The number of ants is going up. D．More ants are moving to the two poles. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文主要讲了科学家通过预测蚂蚁的数量来预测环境的变化。 5．细节理解题。根据“That means for every human, there are nearly 2.5 million ants.”可知，蚂蚁的数量比人类多。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“They collected fallen leaves and earth and dried them to force the ants to come out for counting.”可知他们通过晒干落叶和泥土，让蚂蚁出来，最后得出蚂蚁的数量。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据“‘Ants play an important role in the ecosystem (生态系统),’ Wang told Science and Technology Daily.”以及“They help loosen the soil (松土), spread seeds, break down things and form a part of the food chain (食物链).”可知，这一段讲述了为什么蚂蚁很重要。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“But in recent years, ants have been moving toward the two poles because of global warming. ”可知，由于全球变暖，更多的蚂蚁正在向两极移动。故选D。 二、完形填空 Last weekend, we went on a trip to visit my grandparents. They live far away 1 we don’t often visit them. Grandpa keeps 2 . He has three hives (蜂箱) in a field next to the house. I have always wanted to help him 3 the honey and last weekend he agreed. “Before we collect the honey, Sophie, we have to 4 ,” he told me. First, we put some bottles in the basket. 5 were for the honey. Next, we 6 protective clothes. We wore special hats that have nets to keep out the bees. Then grandpa showed me how to 7 the smoke machine. The smoke is important. It keeps the bees calm. If the bees get 8 , they will eat all the honey and then fly away. Finally, we went to the hives. “It is 9 not to be afraid,” Grandpa said. “Bees act to your 10 . If you are calm, then they are calm.” I worked the smoke machine and grandpa put the honey in the bottles. We collected four bottles of honey. When we got back, grandma 11 us tea and toast in the garden. I put honey on my toast. It was 12 . After enjoying our delicious tea and toast, we sat in the garden, watching the sunset painting the sky with colors of orange and pink. Grandma told us 13 of her childhood, and we all laughed and talked until the night grew dark. As we said our goodbyes the next day, I hugged my grandparents 14 , feeling thankful for the special time we had shared. I couldn’t wait to 15 them again and learn more about Grandpa’s bees and the wonders of nature. 1．A．unless B．so C．before D．though 2．A．bees B．flies C．chickens D．horses 3．A．create B．make C．collect D．burn 4．A．understand B．promise C．prepare D．stop 5．A．It B．He C．She D．They 6．A．waited for B．talked about C．put on D．took off 7．A．tie B．place C．work D．repair 8．A．cool B．happy C．bored D．excited 9．A．easy B．important C．crazy D．hard 10．A．feelings B．thoughts C．plans D．habits 11．A．served B．bought C．lent D．guided 12．A．terrible B．delicious C．strange D．clear 13．A．questions B．ideas C．prizes D．stories 14．A．sadly B．shyly C．quickly D．closely 15．A．answer B．visit C．ask D．beat 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者去祖父母家收集蜂蜜的一次经历。 1．句意：他们住得很远，所以我们不常去看望他们。 unless除非；so因此；before在……之前；though即使。根据“They live far away…we don’t often visit them.”可知，前后句为因果关系，应用so表示结果。故选B。 2．句意：爷爷养蜜蜂。 bees蜜蜂；flies苍蝇；chickens鸡；horses马。根据“Grandpa keeps….”及下文“He has three hives (蜂箱) in a field next to the house.”可知，后文提到蜂箱可推断爷爷养的是蜜蜂。故选A。 3．句意：我一直想帮他采蜜，而且上周末他同意了。 create创造；make制作；collect收集；burn燃烧。根据“I have always wanted to help him…the honey and last weekend he agreed.”可知，收集蜂蜜用动词collect。故选C。 4．句意：他告诉我：“在采集蜂蜜之前，苏菲，我们得准备一下。” understand理解；promise承诺；prepare准备；stop停止。根据“Before we collect the honey, Sophie, we have to…,”及后文可知，需要准备工具和防护服。故选C。 5．句意：它们是为了蜂蜜。 It它；He他；She她；They它们。根据“First, we put some bottles in the basket.…were for the honey.”可知，此处应用They指代前文的复数名词bottles。故选D。 6．句意：接下来，我们穿上防护服。 waited for等待；talked about讨论；put on穿上；took off脱下。根据“Next, we…protective clothes.”可知，此处是指穿防护服。故选C。 7．句意：然后爷爷教我如何操作烟雾机。 tie领带；place地方；work工作；repair修理。根据“Then Grandpa showed me how to…the smoke machine.”可知，操作机器常用动词work。故选C。 8．句意：如果蜜蜂兴奋起来，它们会吃掉所有的蜂蜜，然后飞走。 cool凉爽的；happy开心的；bored无聊的；excited兴奋的。根据“If the bees get…, they will eat all the honey and then fly away.”可知，蜜蜂兴奋会吃蜂蜜后飞走。故选D。 9．句意：爷爷说：“重要的是不要害怕。” easy简单的；important重要的；crazy疯狂的；hard困难的。根据“It is…not to be afraid,”及后文可知，保持冷静很重要。故选B。 10．句意：蜜蜂会对你的感觉做出反应。 feelings感受；thoughts想法；plans计划；habits习惯。根据“Bees act to your…. If you are calm, then they are calm.”可知，蜜蜂对人的感觉会有反应。故选A。 11．句意：当我们回来时，奶奶在花园里给我们端上了茶和烤面包。 served服务，端上；bought买；lent借；guided指导。根据“When we got back, Grandma…us tea and toast in the garden.”可知，奶奶刚给他们提供茶点。故选A。 12．句意：它味道很好。 terrible糟糕的；delicious美味的；strange奇怪的；clear清晰的。根据“I put honey on my toast. It was….”可知，此处是指味道很美味。故选B。 13．句意：奶奶给我们讲她童年的故事，我们笑着说着，一直说到天黑。 questions问题；ideas想法；prizes奖品；stories故事。根据“Grandma told us…of her childhood, and we all laughed and talked until the night grew dark.”可知，奶奶讲述童年的故事。故选D。 14．句意：第二天，当我们说再见时，我紧紧地拥抱着我的祖父母，对我们共同度过的特殊时光心怀感激。 sadly难过地；shyly害羞地；quickly快速；closely紧密地。根据“I hugged my grandparents…,”可知，此处是指紧紧地拥抱。故选D。 15．句意：我迫不及待地想再去拜访他们，了解更多关于爷爷的蜜蜂和大自然的奇迹。 answer回答；visit拜访；ask询问；beat打击。根据“Couldn’t wait to…them again and learn more about Grandpa’s bees and the wonders of nature.”可知，此处是指想再次拜访祖父母。故选B。 三、语法填空 Water plays an 1 (importance) role in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 2 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 3 (they). 4 meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the 5 (begin) of all life, water also gives us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible 6 our human beings to live without water. 7 , the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 8 (home). 9 (solve) the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 10 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the lack (缺乏) 11 more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 12 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it can’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 13 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s 14 (start) before it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 15 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 9._______________ 10._______________ 11._______________ 12._______________ 13._______________ 14._______________ 15._______________ 【答案】 1．important 2．educate 3．themselves 4．The 5．beginning 6．for 7．However 8．homeless 9．To solve 10．dug 11．of 12．quarters 13．polluting 14．start 15．possibly 【导语】本文讲述水在中国文化中的重要意义，以及水给人类带来的双面影响。并呼吁人们及时采取行动保护环境。 1．句意：水在中国文化中起着重要作用。play an important role“起重要作用”，故填important。 2．句意：长期以来，水被赋予了教育人民、治理国家的深刻意义。to后接动词原形。education“教育”是名词，动词形式为educate。故填educate。 3．句意：人们应该从中学习，提高自己。improve oneself“提升自己”，they“他们”，人称代词主格，反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。 4．句意：水背后的意义也使中国统治者遵循自然规律，倾听人民的声音。根据“meanings behind water”可知，此处用定冠词the，表特指，故填The。 5．句意：水被认为是所有生命的开始，它也像温柔的母亲一样给了我们生命。根据the可知，后跟名词。begin的名词形式是beginning“开端”。故填beginning。 6．句意：我们人类没有水是不可能生存的。It’s...for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……”。故填for。 7．句意：然而，人与水的相处方式有两面性。前后两句之间存在转折关系，句中有逗号，应用however，意为“然而”。故填However。 8．句意：每当洪水袭击一个村庄，房屋就会倒塌，数百人无家可归。根据“Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down”可知，数百人无家可归。home“家”，homeless“无家可归的”，故填homeless。 9．句意：为了解决这个问题，中国人一直在尽最大努力。根据“...the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best”可知，空处需动词不定式作目的状语。故填To solve。 10．句意：例如，夏王朝的第一位统治者禹组织了他的人民，挖掘了水道，这样水就可以很容易地流入大海。根据“...organized his people and...”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，表示禹组织他的人民挖河道，让水流入大海。dig“挖”，动词原形，过去式为dug。故填dug。 11．句意：如今，缺乏更多的淡水是另一个严重的问题。lack of “缺乏”，故填of。 12．句意：尽管地球上近四分之三的面积被水覆盖，但大部分水不能直接饮用。three quarters“四分之三”，故填quarters。 13．句意：仍然有工厂污染河流和湖泊，这使事情变得更糟。根据“There are still factories...rivers and lakes”可知，此处要填非谓语动词doing，factories与pollute是主动关系，故填polluting。 14．句意：让我们在为时已晚之前开始吧！let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，故填start。 15．句意：我相信，如果我们及时采取行动，我们可能会有所作为。根据“we can...make a difference”可知，此处用副词修饰动词make。possible的副词形式为possibly。故填possibly。 $