专题06 七选五（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高一英语上学期

专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——科学科普 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京八一学校·期中） Move to the Music Music helps us exercise, but why does it have this effect? 1 The first is simple: Music distracts us. When we listen to a song we like, our brain pays attention to the music. For example, after we exercise for 20 minutes, our body might be tired. But we may not feel this immediately while listening to music. So we exercise a little longer. Music also motivates us. When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat. An upbeat song also puts us in a good mood, so we feel happier. This gives us energy and helps us exercise longer. 2 Songs in the range of 120-140 beats per minute(BPM)are the best, says sports psychologist Dr. Costas Karageorghis. 3 . Its leading researcher Fritz put 61 people in small groups. They all then exercised twice. One time, each group worked out while listening to music for six minutes. Another time, they exercised for six minutes on special Jymmin machines. The name Jymmin is a combination of “jamming" and “gym.” Using these machines, each group made music as they moved. The exercisers became the composers and the machines became their instruments. In the end, 53 of the 61 people said the same thing: They felt less tired when they exercised on the Jymmin machines. 4 How does Fritz explain this? Maybe people did better on the Jymmin machines because they had more control, he says. People created the beat. They could make it go faster or slower. Also, the activity was social. Each group was making music together and having fun. Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too. 5 For example, it may be even a good way to treat depression. A．Experts say there are two main reasons. B．This also helps relax our body and brain. C．Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising, D．He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions. E．He expects to take advantage of it to tap into people’s potential. F．A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however. G．When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京交大附中·期中） If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research an approval to do so. An analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8,000 cases of sadness. 6 In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of sadness by 8 percent. 7 Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51,000 women, none of whom had sadness to begin with. The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee (four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop sadness than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? 8 Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells (神经细胞) that bring on sadness. Caffeine also has some antioxidant characteristics, which can help relieve inflamed areas of the brain. 9 Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety, headaches, restlessness, and increased blood pressure. If the body experiences these too often, it could actually raise the level of the inflammation that may contribute to sadness. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood. 10 One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of self-murder, until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. So by all means, grab an extra cup, but be sure to limit your intake. A．More researches should be done to explain the relation between caffeine and sadness. B．Researchers found that caffeine, particularly coffee, had a protective effect against sadness. C．Besides a caffeine rise, you can become more refreshed after having a next cup of coffee. D．Before you store up at café, know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. E．The secret is in the coffee’s anti-inflammatory characteristics. F．People who are already sad can feel the effect more strongly. G．The encouraging news doesn’t stop there. 主题02 人与社会——体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京中关村中学·期中） Training for a marathon (马拉松) requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 11 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 12 . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 13 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 14 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 15 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A．After six days B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training D．With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京北师大附中·期中） Plogging Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 16 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you. Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 17 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges. Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 18 Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 19 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it. 20 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference. A．Taking some photos during the process is also necessary. B．You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities. C．Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise. D．You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in. E．Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit. F．If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place. G．With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people. 主题01 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京理工附中·期中） Winter is connected with fun and games: snowball fights, skiing, and, every four years, the Winter Olympics. But what will a winter sports enthusiast do if the snow doesn’t make an appearance? 21 Artificial snow is more like a tightly packed frozen snow that is partly melt. 22 They are broken up by a high-pressure pump at first and then turn into small frozen pieces. Most artificial snow is made using snow cannons. As the air’s cooling capacity falls, so does the amount of water that can be pumped through the machine. 23 At -4℃ a snow cannon can operate at around 80% humidity. But if the outside temperature is -1℃, this must be reduced to around 30% humidity. In 1980, the Olympics held in America became the first Winter Games to use machine-made snow. 24 Artificial snow also appeared at the two recent Winter Olympics, in Sochi, Russia (2014), and Vancouver, British Columbia (2010). And the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing is the first to rely entirely on artificial snow. 25 The International Olympic Committee states that it creates a more consistent surface. In addition, the snow that comes from a cannon is icier than natural snow. It melts more slowly, and provides a harder surface for athletes looking for speed. The first Olympics using entirely artificial snow will probably not be the last. A．But they weren’t the last. B．It is made from waterdrops. C．That’s when artificial snow comes in. D．What is artificial snow, and how is it made? E．Temperature also plays a significant role in snowmaking. F．Artificial snow can be applied into a wide range of fields. G．Artificial snow is well worth using in the Winter Olympics. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京人大附中·期中） This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 26 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 27 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.   Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 28 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 29 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 30 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A．Having interesting things to think about also helps. B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G．Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·北京育才学校·期中） Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better. 31 Below are some great ways of learning as much as you can without getting too stressed. Find the right place to study. The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions (分散注意力的事物) while studying. 32 You should keep away from television sets and phone calls. Get all of your study materials together, so you will not be interrupted in the middle of your session. Break down the tasks into smaller parts. When you have gotten everything ready, list the items you need to study, and arrange them across several hours or days, depending on how big your load is. As a general rule, assign (分配) at least one hour to each subject. 33 By doing this, you will be able to know more easily how long you need for each topic. Schedule study breaks. When you have listed all of your tasks and made a schedule, you should arrange study breaks. 34 This will give your eyes some time to rest, and yourself a chance to go to the bathroom or have some coffee. Scheduled breaks will reduce the need for you to interrupt yourself to the lowest level during the study session. Put your tasks in order of importance. 35 Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order. A．Each break may take about 15 minutes every two hours. B．Learn to arrange the subjects in order of importance. C．This means going to one place that will give you peace and quiet. D．The key to efficient studying is following the schedule strictly. E．You can find a way to test your knowledge by having a study partner. F．If you have a broad subject, you will need to break it down into smaller parts. G．To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently(高效地). 主题02 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京第十二中学·期中） When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 36 Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 37 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. 38 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 39   Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 40 A．And those problems aren’t going away. B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 七选五 主题01 人与社会——科学科普 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京八一学校·期中） Move to the Music Music helps us exercise, but why does it have this effect? 1 The first is simple: Music distracts us. When we listen to a song we like, our brain pays attention to the music. For example, after we exercise for 20 minutes, our body might be tired. But we may not feel this immediately while listening to music. So we exercise a little longer. Music also motivates us. When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat. An upbeat song also puts us in a good mood, so we feel happier. This gives us energy and helps us exercise longer. 2 Songs in the range of 120-140 beats per minute(BPM)are the best, says sports psychologist Dr. Costas Karageorghis. 3 . Its leading researcher Fritz put 61 people in small groups. They all then exercised twice. One time, each group worked out while listening to music for six minutes. Another time, they exercised for six minutes on special Jymmin machines. The name Jymmin is a combination of “jamming" and “gym.” Using these machines, each group made music as they moved. The exercisers became the composers and the machines became their instruments. In the end, 53 of the 61 people said the same thing: They felt less tired when they exercised on the Jymmin machines. 4 How does Fritz explain this? Maybe people did better on the Jymmin machines because they had more control, he says. People created the beat. They could make it go faster or slower. Also, the activity was social. Each group was making music together and having fun. Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too. 5 For example, it may be even a good way to treat depression. A．Experts say there are two main reasons. B．This also helps relax our body and brain. C．Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising, D．He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions. E．He expects to take advantage of it to tap into people’s potential. F．A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however. G．When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了音乐能帮助我们锻炼背后的原因及其运用。 1．空前“but why does it have this effect?(但是它为什么有这种效果呢)”提出问题，结合下一句“The first is simple(第一个很简单)”可知，A选项“Experts say there are two main reasons.(专家说有两个主要原因)”回答上一句的问题，且下一句的the first表示“第一种原因”，承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。 2．空处前文“When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat.(例如，当我们听到舞曲时，我们自然地开始随着节拍移动)”表示我们会跟随音乐节奏移动我们的身体；空后“Songs in the range of 120-140 beats per minute (BPM) are the best(每分钟120-140拍的歌曲是最好的)”说明了最适宜的节奏拍数；C选项“Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising.(节奏快而稳定的音乐对锻炼很有好处)”符合本段内容，且与下一句逻辑相符。故选C项。 3．根据文章第一、二段描述的两种原因并结合空处下文“Its leading researcher Fritz put 61 people in small groups. They all then exercised twice.(其首席研究员弗里茨将61人分成小组。然后他们都做了两次运动)”及实验内容可知，本段通过实验引出另外一个原因；F选项“A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however.(然而，一项新的研究表明，这只是部分原因)”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。 4．本段描述了一种实验，空前一句“In the end, 53 of the 61 people said the same thing: They felt less tired when they exercised on the Jymmin machines.(最后，61人中有53人说了同样的话：在Jymmin机器上锻炼时，他们感觉不那么累了)”描述实验结果；G选项“When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier.(当他们锻炼并演奏音乐时，锻炼似乎更容易了)”与实验结果一致，符合语境。故选G项。 5．空前“Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too.(弗里茨认为，Jymmin运动可能还有其它好处)”可知，下文描述Jymmin运动的其余好处，空后“For example, it may be even a good way to treat depression.”表示，它可以应用于治疗抑郁症；D选项“He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions.(他想知道它是否对更严重的情况有帮助)”符合上下文语境，且more serious conditions与下文depresssion对应。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京交大附中·期中） If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research an approval to do so. An analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8,000 cases of sadness. 6 In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of sadness by 8 percent. 7 Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51,000 women, none of whom had sadness to begin with. The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee (four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop sadness than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? 8 Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells (神经细胞) that bring on sadness. Caffeine also has some antioxidant characteristics, which can help relieve inflamed areas of the brain. 9 Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety, headaches, restlessness, and increased blood pressure. If the body experiences these too often, it could actually raise the level of the inflammation that may contribute to sadness. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood. 10 One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of self-murder, until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. So by all means, grab an extra cup, but be sure to limit your intake. A．More researches should be done to explain the relation between caffeine and sadness. B．Researchers found that caffeine, particularly coffee, had a protective effect against sadness. C．Besides a caffeine rise, you can become more refreshed after having a next cup of coffee. D．Before you store up at café, know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. E．The secret is in the coffee’s anti-inflammatory characteristics. F．People who are already sad can feel the effect more strongly. G．The encouraging news doesn’t stop there. 【答案】6．B 7．G 8．E 9．D 10．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现——喝咖啡有助于缓解悲伤。 6．上文“An analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8,000 cases of sadness.(一项对12项研究的分析调查了近35万人和8000多个悲伤案例)”提到一项分析调查，空处应是描述调查结果，B项“研究人员发现，咖啡因，尤其是咖啡，对悲伤有保护作用”符合语境，且和下文“Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of sadness by 8 percent.(研究结果显示，人们每喝一杯咖啡，悲伤的风险就会降低8%)”提到的另一项研究结果一致。故选B。 7．上一段介绍了两项研究，结果都表明咖啡能缓解悲伤，下文“Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51,000 women, none of whom had sadness to begin with. The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee( four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop sadness than those who drank little or none.(哈佛大学的研究人员研究了51000名女性10年的数据，她们都没有悲伤的经历。结果显示，喝咖啡最多（一天四杯或更多）的女性患悲伤的可能性比那些喝得很少或不喝咖啡的女性低20%)”是进一步介绍相关研究，G项“令人鼓舞的消息还不止于此”承上启下，故选G。 8．上文“Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this?(是的，咖啡比你想象的更神奇。但这是为什么呢？)”提出问题：咖啡为什么如此神奇？空处应是回答该问题，结合下文“Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells (神经细胞) that bring on sadness.(咖啡中含有绿原酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸，它们都能减少神经细胞的炎症，从而减轻悲伤)”提到咖啡中的成分能减少神经细胞的炎症，故E项“秘密在于咖啡的抗炎特性”符合语境，故选E。 9．根据下文“Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety, headaches, restlessness, and increased blood pressure. If the body experiences these too often, it could actually raise the level of the inflammation that may contribute to sadness.(大量摄入咖啡因的一些副作用包括焦虑、头痛、不安和血压升高。如果身体经常经历这些，它实际上可能会提高炎症的水平，从而导致悲伤)”可知，本段是介绍喝太多咖啡的坏处，D项“在你在咖啡馆囤积之前，要知道喝太多咖啡是有可能的”符合语境，故选D。 10．上文“Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood.(一旦咖啡因消失，喝咖啡的人可能会感到情绪低落)”介绍咖啡因消失后的情况，F项“已经悲伤的人会更强烈地感受到这种影响”承接上文，进一步阐述咖啡因消失后的情况，F项中的“the effect”指代上文的“a drop in mood”，故选F。 主题02 人与社会——体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京中关村中学·期中） Training for a marathon (马拉松) requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 11 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 12 . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 13 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 14 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 15 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A．After six days B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training D．With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 【答案】11．C 12．E 13．A 14．D 15．G 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。 11．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find（买一双你能找到的最合适的跑鞋）可知，此处是为了跑马拉松进行的准备工作。由此可知，C项Before you begin your training（在你开始训练之前）符合文意。故选C。 12．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double­check the fit.（当你找到一双合适的鞋子，穿上几天再检查一下是否合脚）可知，E选项中they指的是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致性，另外feel good与the fit有关。由此可知，E项If they still feel good, you can begin running in them（如果它们仍然感觉不错，你就可以穿着它们开始跑步了）符合文意。故选E. 13．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。）可知，此处提到了一周七天的时间。再根据空后it is wise to take a day off to rest（明智的做法是休息一天）可知，剩余的就是六天的时间。由此可知，A项After six days（六天后）符合文意。故选A. 14．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前面But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）可知，此处指在距离上开始制定目标。由此可知，D项With each day, increase the distance by a half mile（每天增加半英里的距离）符合文意。故选D. 15．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）及After two weeks, start timing yourself.（两周后开始计时）可知，此处提到了逐日增加跑步的时间和长度，两周后最自己开始计时。由此可知，G项Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.（现在，你准备好去制定一个提高距离和时间的目标）符合文意。故选G. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京北师大附中·期中） Plogging Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. 16 If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you. Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. 17 This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges. Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. 18 Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. 19 If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it. 20 It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference. A．Taking some photos during the process is also necessary. B．You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities. C．Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise. D．You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in. E．Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit. F．If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place. G．With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．G 19．B 20．E 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处，并提出了进行跑步捡垃圾的相关建议。 16．根据下文“If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others”如果你喜欢户外运动，喜欢和别人一起运动的话。C项Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.“这是一个社交运动，通常以组队的形式进行”呼应下文中的others，切合题意。故选C项。 17．根据下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.”这可以是一个普通的垃圾袋，便于携带，并且能装带有锋利边缘的垃圾。D项You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”呼应后句中的“easy to carry and capable of containing litter”便于携带并可以装垃圾，切合题意。故选D项。 18．根据上文“Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers.”用社交媒体、在公告板里发通知或者在体育商店橱窗上贴标签来找到跑步捡垃圾运动的伙伴们。G项With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.“做了这些努力后，你就能找到感兴趣的人了”呼应上文使用各种方式找到伙伴一起组队，符合语境。故选G项。 19．根据上文“If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.”如果有疑问的话，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B项You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.“你也可以向当地官方部门寻求帮助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有两种，使用分述方式展开说明，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。 20．根据下文“It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care.”这是一种通过运动把个人成就与社区和环境保护结合起来的方式。E项Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.“跑步捡垃圾是一种能感受到动力很棒的方式，因为有着不止一个的益处”呼应下文对这种方式的具体说明，E项切题。故选E项。 主题01 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京理工附中·期中） Winter is connected with fun and games: snowball fights, skiing, and, every four years, the Winter Olympics. But what will a winter sports enthusiast do if the snow doesn’t make an appearance? 21 Artificial snow is more like a tightly packed frozen snow that is partly melt. 22 They are broken up by a high-pressure pump at first and then turn into small frozen pieces. Most artificial snow is made using snow cannons. As the air’s cooling capacity falls, so does the amount of water that can be pumped through the machine. 23 At -4℃ a snow cannon can operate at around 80% humidity. But if the outside temperature is -1℃, this must be reduced to around 30% humidity. In 1980, the Olympics held in America became the first Winter Games to use machine-made snow. 24 Artificial snow also appeared at the two recent Winter Olympics, in Sochi, Russia (2014), and Vancouver, British Columbia (2010). And the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing is the first to rely entirely on artificial snow. 25 The International Olympic Committee states that it creates a more consistent surface. In addition, the snow that comes from a cannon is icier than natural snow. It melts more slowly, and provides a harder surface for athletes looking for speed. The first Olympics using entirely artificial snow will probably not be the last. A．But they weren’t the last. B．It is made from waterdrops. C．That’s when artificial snow comes in. D．What is artificial snow, and how is it made? E．Temperature also plays a significant role in snowmaking. F．Artificial snow can be applied into a wide range of fields. G．Artificial snow is well worth using in the Winter Olympics. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．E 24．A 25．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造雪的制作过程以及特点等情况。 21．根据上文“Winter is connected with fun and games: snowball fights, skiing, and, every four years, the Winter Olympics. But what will a winter sports enthusiast do if the snow doesn’t make an appearance?(冬天与娱乐和游戏有关：打雪仗、滑雪，以及每四年举行一次的冬季奥运会。但是，如果雪没有出现，冬季运动爱好者该怎么办呢？)”可知，上文提到了没有雪的情况，本句为本段最后一句，应回答上文的问题：人造雪。故C选项“那就到了人造雪出场的时候”符合语境，故选C。 22．根据上文“Artificial snow is more like a tightly packed frozen snow that is partly melt.(人造雪更像是一种部分融化的紧密的冰冻雪)”以及后文“They are broken up by a high-pressure pump at first and then turn into small frozen pieces.(它们首先被高压泵分解，然后变成小的冷冻碎片)”可知，本句是在说明后文被高压泵分解的是什么：水滴，B选项中waterdrops对应后文they，故B选项“它是由水滴制成的”符合语境，故选B。 23．根据后文“At -4℃ a snow cannon can operate at around 80% humidity. But if the outside temperature is -1℃, this must be reduced to around 30% humidity.(在-4℃时，雪炮可以在80%左右的湿度下工作。但如果室外温度为-1℃，这必须降低到30%左右的湿度)”可知，本句启示下文，指出温度对造雪的作用。故E选项“温度在造雪中也起着重要作用”符合语境，故选E。 24．根据上文“In 1980, the Olympics held in America became the first Winter Games to use machine-made snow.(1980年，在美国举行的奥运会成为第一次使用机器造雪的冬奥会)”以及后文“Artificial snow also appeared at the two recent Winter Olympics, in Sochi, Russia (2014), and Vancouver, British Columbia (2010). And the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing is the first to rely entirely on artificial snow.(人造雪也出现在最近的两届冬奥会上，分别是俄罗斯索契（2014年）和不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华（2010年）。2022年北京冬奥会是第一次完全依靠人工雪举办的冬奥会)”可知，后文提到了另外两届使用机器造雪的冬奥会，可见美国不是最后一个使用机器造雪的冬奥会。故A选项“但他们不是最后一个”符合语境，故选A。 25．根据后文“The International Olympic Committee states that it creates a more consistent surface. In addition, the snow that comes from a cannon is icier than natural snow. It melts more slowly, and provides a harder surface for athletes looking for speed. The first Olympics using entirely artificial snow will probably not be the last.(国际奥委会表示，它创造了一个更一致的表面。此外，大炮上的雪比天然雪更冷。它融化得更慢，为寻求速度的运动员提供了更坚硬的表面。第一届完全使用人工雪的奥运会可能不会是最后一届)”可知，本段主要说明了人造雪的一些优点，可见很值得使用。故G选项“人造雪很值得在冬奥会上使用”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·北京人大附中·期中） This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 26 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 27 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.   Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 28 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 29 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 30 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A．Having interesting things to think about also helps. B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G．Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．A 29．E 30．G 【导语】本文属于说明文.本文介绍了白日做梦的概念，解释了为什么白日做梦者常常被认为粗神经，但也是某些创意和成就的背后推手。文章提出了一些有助于白日做梦的方法，以及如何避免在需要专注的时候白日做梦。最后强调，创意有时出其不意而又不可预测。 26．根据前文“ Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. (白日梦者的坏名声是他们对周围发生的事情一无所知。他们看起来健忘、笨拙。)”可知，此处强调白日梦者因为对周围发生的一切一无所知，所以看起来健忘、笨拙。B选项“They stare off into space and wander by themselves.(他们凝视着天空，独自踱步。)”与前文承接，指出白日梦者同样因为眼神放空，来回独自踱步而导致他们坏名声。同时该选项与后文“They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. (他们惹恼了我们，因为他们似乎忽略了我们，错过了重要的事情。)”构成并列，都在讲述白日梦者的坏名声来源，B选项符合语境，故选B。 27．根据前文“But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. (但是，人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。)”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，强调白日梦者们取得的巨大成绩即人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。后文应对此进行具体说明。C选项“Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes.(没有白日梦者们，我们就不会有相对论、可乐和便利贴。)”承接前文，指出人类历史中，白日梦者们做出的成绩，符合文意。故选C。 28．根据上句“Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. (感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。)”可知，此处强调感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。A选项“Having interesting things to think about also helps.( 思考有趣的事情也有帮助。)”符合语境，思考兴趣的事情也可以帮助你进入梦乡。此处的also与前文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A项。 29．根据前文“It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.(同样重要的是，知道如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦。“正念”，集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。)”可知，此处强调的是如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦，如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，集中注意力是一种方式。E选项“It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.(它包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注。)”选项中的it指代前文提到的集中注意力的方式，包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注，符合语境。故选E。 30．根据前文“Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away(最后，你永远不知道当你的大脑慢慢移动时，会有什么绝妙的想法出现)”可知，此处强调你确定不了自己大脑在运转时会有怎样的想法出现，后文应该强调对此问题如何解决。G选项“Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.( 因此，当你处于白日梦状态时，在身边放一个笔记本或录音机是个好主意。)”承接前文，指出应该带一个本子随时记，随时记录自己的想法。该选项符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·北京育才学校·期中） Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better. 31 Below are some great ways of learning as much as you can without getting too stressed. Find the right place to study. The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions (分散注意力的事物) while studying. 32 You should keep away from television sets and phone calls. Get all of your study materials together, so you will not be interrupted in the middle of your session. Break down the tasks into smaller parts. When you have gotten everything ready, list the items you need to study, and arrange them across several hours or days, depending on how big your load is. As a general rule, assign (分配) at least one hour to each subject. 33 By doing this, you will be able to know more easily how long you need for each topic. Schedule study breaks. When you have listed all of your tasks and made a schedule, you should arrange study breaks. 34 This will give your eyes some time to rest, and yourself a chance to go to the bathroom or have some coffee. Scheduled breaks will reduce the need for you to interrupt yourself to the lowest level during the study session. Put your tasks in order of importance. 35 Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order. A．Each break may take about 15 minutes every two hours. B．Learn to arrange the subjects in order of importance. C．This means going to one place that will give you peace and quiet. D．The key to efficient studying is following the schedule strictly. E．You can find a way to test your knowledge by having a study partner. F．If you have a broad subject, you will need to break it down into smaller parts. G．To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently(高效地). 【答案】31．G 32．C 33．F 34．A 35．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何高效学习的几点建议。 31．根据本空前的“Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better.”可知，学习时间长并不意味着学得更好，下文又介绍了高效学习的几点建议，故G项（为了充分利用时间，你需要学会如何高效地学习）符合语境。 32．根据本空前的“The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions (分散注意力的事物) while studying.”可知，你需要做的第一件事就是避开学习时分散注意力的事物，故C项（这意味着去一个能给你带来平静的地方）符合语境。 33．根据本空前的“As a general rule, assign (分配) at least one hour to each subject.”可知，每个科目至少安排一小时，故F项（如果你有一个宽泛的科目，你需要把它分成更小的部分）符合语境。 34．根据本空前的“you should arrange study breaks.”可知，你应该安排学习时的休息时间，故A项（每两个小时休息15分钟）符合语境。 35．根据本段后的“Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order.”可知，如果你认为你没有足够的时间完成所有的科目，以防你用光学习时间，你应当有序地学习，故B项（学会按照重要性安排科目）符合语境。 【点睛】过渡句是七选五的常见考点，被选选项一定要起到承上启下的过渡作用，既要对应上问话题，又要引出下文（通常是方法或建议），例如本篇第1题，上文提到学习时间长并不意味着学得更好，下文又介绍了如何高效学习的几点建议，G项（为了充分利用时间，你需要学会如何高效地学习）既对应了上文提到的学习时间这一话题，又引出了下文高效学习的几点建议，符合语境。 主题02 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·北京第十二中学·期中） When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 36 Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 37 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. 38 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 39   Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 40 A．And those problems aren’t going away. B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. 【答案】36．D 37．F 38．G 39．A 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。 36．根据上文的“When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。 37．根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 38．根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。 39．根据上文的“Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。 40．根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $