内容正文:
知识清单·北京版四年级上册
Unit1 Share and care
知识梳理
知识点拨
【考点一】关于情绪表达的问答 【考点二】祈使句
【考点三】be动词的一般疑问句 【考点四】一般现在时
考点一:关于情绪表达的问答
—How do you feel today?
—We are so happy.
解析:这是一组日常情感询问与回应的基础对话,核心考查 “询问感受” 的句型结构和 “主系表” 答句的用法。
(一)问句:特殊疑问句:
1.疑问词 How:意为 “怎样、如何”,此处用来询问 “感受、状态”,是句子的核心引导词;
2.助动词 do:因为主语是第二人称 “you”(你 / 你们),且谓语动词 “feel” 是实义动词(表 “感觉”),所以需要借助助动词 “do” 构成疑问;
3.主语 you:可表示 “你”(单数)或 “你们”(复数),本对话中答句用 “We”(我们),说明此处 “you” 指 “你们”;
4.谓语 feel:实义动词,意为 “感觉、觉得”,后接形容词(如 happy/sad/tired)描述感受;
(二)答句:
1.主语 We:意为 “我们”,对应问句中 “you(你们)”,人称保持一致;
2.系动词 are:be 动词的复数形式,因为主语 “We” 是复数,遵循 “主谓一致” 原则(单数主语用 is/am,复数用 are);
3.表语 so happy:用来描述主语的状态,其中 “happy” 是形容词(意为 “开心的”),“so” 是副词(意为 “如此、非常”),用来修饰 “happy”,加强 “开心” 的程度。
【大显身手】
一、单项选择题。
( )1. —______ do you feel today?
—I am happy.
A. What B. How C.Why D. Where
( )2.—How do you feel today?
—They ______ so sad.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( )3.—How ______ your brother feel today?
—He is tired.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
( )4.—How do you feel today?
—We are ______ happy.
A. very B. too C. much D. many
( )5.Which question matches the answer “She is excited”?
A. How old is she? B. How does she feel? C. What does she like? D. Where is she?
考点二:祈使句
Don’t cry. Let’s look for him together.
解析:“Don’t cry.” 是否定祈使句,主要用于 “阻止对方做某件消极的事” 或 “安慰情绪低落的人” 。“Let’s look for him together. ”是肯定祈使句,主要用于 “提议和对方一起做某件积极的事”,侧重 “共同行动、互相帮助”,适配单元 “帮助他人解决困难” 的场景(如一起找丢失的人 / 物品、一起安慰同学等)。
祈使句类型
核心结构
本句应用
关键规则
肯定祈使句
动词原形 + 其他(如 Cry!)
(基础)直接让对方做某事
开头用动词原形,无主语
否定祈使句
Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
Don’t + cry(动词原形)
① 在动词原形前加 “Don’t”(表 “不要”);② 动词必须用原形(不能加 s/es,如不能说 “Don’t cries”)
【大显身手】
一、判断题(判断句子是否符合祈使句规则,对打 “√”,错打 “×”)
1.Don’t worries! We can find your pen.( )
2.Let’s look for the key together.( )
3.Don’t be sad. Let’s play games.( )
4.Let’s help her with her homework.( )
5.Don’t cry! I can share my ruler with you.( )
二、仿写句子(结合单元场景,完成 2 组句子)
(1)用 “否定祈使句(Don’t...)+ 安慰语” 仿写(场景:同学丢了跳绳):
(2)用 “Let’s...+ 互助行动” 仿写(场景:同桌不会做数学题):
考点三:be动词的一般疑问句
—Is that Danny?
—Oh, yes! Danny!
解析:这段对话是小学阶段确认他人身份的典型口语交际场景,核心围绕 “远指身份确认” 的一般疑问句及自然回应展开。
(一)变一般疑问句:3 步就能变
把上面的 “陈述句” 改成 “疑问句”(比如把 “我是学生” 变成 “你是学生吗?”),只要 3 步:
找 be 动词:从陈述句里挑出 am/is/are(比如 “He is a boy.” 里的 be 动词是 is);
be 动词提前:把 be 动词放到句子最开头,首字母要大写(Is he a boy.);
句末变问号:把陈述句的 “.” 改成 “?”,其他单词顺序不变(Is he a boy?)。
(二)回答有套路:Yes/No 跟 be 走
一般疑问句的回答只有两种 ——“是”(Yes)或 “不是”(No),回答里必须包含对应的 be 动词,记准格式:
疑问句例子
肯定回答(Yes)
否定回答(No)
Is he a boy?
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.(isn’t=is not)
Are you a student?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
Are they cats?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.(aren’t=are not)
【易错点】
“I am” 变问句,be 动词要换:陈述句是 “I am...” 时,问句要问 “你”,所以 be 动词用 are,比如 “I am happy.”→Are you happy? (不能说 “Am you happy?”);
否定回答别漏 “not”:比如 “No, he is not.” 可以缩写成 “No, he isn’t.”,但不能说 “No, he is.”。
【记忆口诀】
找 be 动,放句首,首字母大写别忘喽,句末改成小问号,Yes/No 回答跟 be 走。
【大显身手】
( )1.—______ that your deskmate Lily? She’s standing at the classroom door.
—Yes! It’s her.
A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Do
( )2. —______ this your friend Tom? He’s sitting next to you.(近指场景)
—Oh, yes! Tom!
A. Is that B. Is this C. Are this D. Do that
( )3. —Is that your English teacher?
—______
A. Yes, that is. B. No, this isn’t. C. Yes, it is. D. No, that are.
( )4. —______ that boy in the playground? Do you know his name?
—I think it’s Mike.
A. What B. Who C. Is D. Are
( )5. —______ that your schoolbag? It’s on the teacher’s desk.(远指物品,延伸句型)
—No, it isn’t. Mine is blue.
A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Does
考点四:一般现在时
(一)一般现在时是描述 “经常做的事(常态)”“客观事实 / 真理”“固定习惯” 的语法,句子里多出现 “every day(每天)”“usually(通常)”“often(经常)”“always(总是)” 这些 “提示词”。
例:课本对话:Li Ming usually plays football on Sundays.(李明通常周日踢足球。)
客观事实:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
日常习惯:I brush my teeth every morning.(我每天早上刷牙。)
(二)核心结构:2 大类型(必背!)
一般现在时分 “含 be 动词” 和 “含实义动词(如 play、eat、read)” 两类,核心是 “主语决定动词形式”。
结构类型
主语搭配(谁做)
动词形式
新版北京版课本例子
1. 含 be 动词
我(I)
am
I am a student.(我是一名学生。)
你(you)/ 复数(they/we/ 名词 s,如 the girls)
are
You are my friend.(你是我的朋友。);They are happy.(他们很开心。)
他 / 她 / 它(he/she/it)/ 单数名词(如 the cat)
is
She is a teacher.(她是一名老师。);The bird is small.(小鸟很小。)
2. 含实义动词
我(I)/ 你(you)/ 复数(they/we/ 名词 s)
动词原形(如 play、read)
We play basketball every Friday.(我们每周五打篮球。)
他 / 她 / 它(he/she/it)/ 单数名词(如 Tom、the book)
动词第三人称单数(加 s/es,如 plays、reads)
Tom reads a storybook every night.(汤姆每晚读故事书。)
(三)关键难点:动词第三人称单数怎么变?(新版课本高频变化)
变化规则
特点
课本高频动词例子
变化结果
1. 直接加 s
大多数动词(词尾无特殊)
play(玩)、read(读)、like(喜欢)
plays、reads、likes
2. 加 es
动词词尾是 “s/x/sh/ch/o”
teach(教)、wash(洗)、watch(看)、go(去)
teaches、washes、watches、goes
3. 变 y 为 i 加 es
动词词尾是 “辅音 + y”(如 study、fly)
study(学习)、cry(哭)
studies、cries
【记忆口诀】
“直接加 s 最常见,s/x/sh/ch/o 后加 es,辅音加 y 变 i,es 跟后面”
【易错点】
第三人称单数漏加 s/es:错:He play football.(缺 s)→ 对:He plays football.(他踢足球。)
混淆 “be 动词” 和 “实义动词”:错:She is like cats.(be 动词和实义动词重复)→ 对:She likes cats.(她喜欢猫。)
提示词用错时态:错:I am eat breakfast every morning.(“every morning” 表常态,不用现在进行时)→ 对:I eat breakfast every morning.
【记忆口诀】
常态事实一般现,every usually 常相伴,be 动搭配分清楚,I 用 am,you / 复数用 are,三单(he/she/it)要用 is,实义动词也变样,s/es 加后面,y 变 i 要记牢!
【大显身手】
( )1. My father ______ English in a primary school every day.
A. teach B. teaches C. teaching D. teachs
( )2.They ______ very happy when they play games.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( )3.I ______ my homework after dinner every evening.
A. Do B. does C. doing D. did
( )4.Lucy ______ hard at school because she wants to get good grades.
A. study B. studys C. studies D. is study
( )5.The sun ______ in the east every morning.(客观事实)
A. rise B. rises C. is rise D. rising
写作指引
一、写作。
请以 “My Experience of Helping a Classmate” 为题,写一篇英语短文,描述你帮助同学解决小麻烦的经历,需包含: 发现同学的情绪及原因;你如何通过沟通(如电话)或求助解决问题;最后同学的情绪变化。要求:1. 句子通顺,思路清晰有条理。2. 不少于50字。
(一)写作指导(分 3 步,可直接套用)
第一步:梳理写作思路(先想 “3 个关键信息”)
关键部分
思考方向(举例)
1. 时间、地点、人物、事件
什么时间,什么地点,谁发生了什么事
2. 过程
做了什么?用了哪些沟通句子?
3. 情绪变化
问题解决后,情绪变得怎样?
第二步:拆解写作结构(分 “开头 - 中间 - 结尾”,每部分写 1-2 句)
第三步:必用核心句型(标注单元来源,确保扣题)
写作时优先用这些前单元学过的句型,既符合要求又不易出错:
Unit 1 情绪原因句:
1. I/He/She/We/You/They+ am/is/are/was/were + 情绪形容词;
2. Don’t+动词原形
3.Let’s+动词原形
4.How do you feel today?
5.What’s the matter?
6.代词+ look/looked+动词原形
(二)范文:
A Fun Bookstore Day
Last Sunday, I went to the bookstore with my friend Lily . I was excited because I wanted a new animal storybook. But the book was sold out, so Lily looked sad for me. I said, “Don’t be sad! Let’s find another interesting book.” We found a dinosaur book and felt happy together.
综合训练
一、单项选择题。
( )1. My sister ______ sad yesterday because she lost her toy.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
( )2. —______ are you excited today?
—Because I will go to the zoo.
A. What B. Who C. Why D. Where
( )3. —Is that Lucy near the classroom?
—______! It’s Lucy.
A. Oh, no B.Oh, yes C. Sorry D. Hello
( )4.We ______ happy last weekend because we played football together.
A. am B.is C. are D. were
( )5. —Don’t ______! Let’s find your pen together.
—Thank you!
A. worry B. worries C. worried D. worrying
( )6.Lily ______ excited because she got a new storybook.
A. feel B.feels C. felt D. feeling
( )7. —Why ______ Tom upset?
—Because he can’t find his ruler.
A. am B. is C. are D. do
( )8.______ be sad! You can borrow my book.
A.Not B. Doesn’t C. Don’t D. Isn’t
( )9.I ______ happy yesterday because my mom bought me a cake.
A.was B. is C. are D. be
( )10.—What’s your feeling today?
—I am ______. I got an A in the math test.
A. sad B. angry C. happy D. upset
二、根据括号内提示或上下文,补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. I ______ (be) excited last Saturday because I went to the park.
2. —Why is Lucy sad?
—______ (because) she lost her new pencil-case.
3. Don’t ______ (cry)! Let’s read a funny story.
4. My friends ______ (be) happy yesterday because we watched a cartoon.
5. Tom ______ (feel) upset this morning because he forgot his homework.
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子(每词限用一次)。
(excited sad happy Don’t because)
1. I was ______ because I met my old friend at school.
2. —Why are you ______?
—Because I can’t go to the party.
3.______ worry! Your mom will come soon.
4.She was ______ because she will have a birthday party tomorrow.
5.He is sad ______ he lost his favorite toy car.
四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来。
A 栏 B 栏
1. Why are you happy? A. Oh, yes! It’s Tom.
2.Is that your friend near the door? B. Because I got a new book.
3.Why is Lily upset? C. Don’t be sad! Let’s help you.
4.What can I say to a sad classmate? D. Because she lost her art crayons.
5.How do you feel today? E. I am happy today.
五、按要求改写句子。
1.I can play basketball.(改为否定句)
2.She is sad because she lost her key.(改为一般疑问句)
3.Tom is happy today.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:happy)
4. Be sad!(改为否定祈使句)
5. He is angry. His sister breaks his pencil.(用 because 合并)
六、补全对话。
A. Why are you sad?
B. This is Lily speaking.
C. Can you help me?
D. What should I do?
E. She will bring it to you.
F. I forgot my English book at home.
Lily: Hello! 1. May I speak to Lucy?
Lucy: Hi, Lily! This is Lucy. What’s wrong? You sound sad.
Lily: Yes, I am. 2.
Lucy: 3.
Lily: 4 . I need it for class.
Lucy: Don’t worry! I can call your mom. 5.
Lily: Thank you so much, Lucy!
Lucy: You’re welcome!
七、【新情境·生活运用】情境判断与纠错。
1.He are happy today because he got a gift.( )
改正:____________________________________
2.Why is you sad? Because you lost your pen.( )
改正:____________________________________
3.Don’t cries! Let’s help you find your bag.( )
改正:____________________________________
4.I was excited yesterday because I watch a cartoon.( )
改正:____________________________________
5.Is that your friend? Oh, yes! It’s her.( )
改正:____________________________________
八、【新考法·表文转换】积木拼句。
零件库 1(主语)
零件库 2(动词 / 短语)
零件库 3(场景 / 时间)
零件库 4(考点提示)
补充零件(可选)
My mom
play basketball
every Sunday
一般现在时三单
150cm/36 码
Tom and I
borrow a storybook
in the library
情态动词 can
45kg/10 岁
My brother
be heavier than
in my family
比较级
happy/sad
You
clean your desk
before class
情态动词 should
my pencil/his bag
Lily
be sad
because she lost...
情绪表达(Why...Because)
the key/the pen
拼句 1:____________________________________
拼句 2:____________________________________
拼句 3:____________________________________
拼句 4:____________________________________
拼句 5:____________________________________.
九、【新趋势·思维探究】根据例句,仿写句子(注意结合生活实际)。
例句:I am happy because I get a new pen.(主语 + am/is/are + 情绪形容词 + because + 现在时原因)
1.She __________________________(happy,like drawing pictures)
2.He __________________________(sad,can’t find his ruler)
3.They _________________________(excited,have a PE class today)
4.My dad ____________________________________(angry,I don’t finish my homework)
5.We ____________________________________(happy,play games at school)
参考答案
考点一:
一、1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B
考点二:
一、1. × 2.√ 3. √ 4. × 5. √
二、1. Don’t cry! We can buy a new jump rope together.
2.Let’s help our deskmate with his math homework.
考点三:
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B
考点四:
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B
【综合训练】
一、单项选择题。
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
二、根据括号内提示或上下文,补全单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.was 2.Because 3.cry 4.were 5.felt
三、从方框中选择合适的单词,补全句子(每词限用一次)。
1.happy 2.sad 3.Don’t 4.excited 5.because
四、将 A 栏的问句与 B 栏的答句用线连起来。
1-B 2-A 3-D 4-C 5-E
五、按要求改写句子。
1.I can’t play basketball.
2. Is she sad because she lost her key?
3. How do you feel today?/Why are you happy today?
4. Don’t be sad.
5. He is angry because his sister breaks his pencil.
六、补全对话。
1.B 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. E
七、【新情境·生活运用】情境判断与纠错。
1.×;He is happy today because he got a gift.
2.×;Why are you sad? Because you lost your pen.
3.×;Don’t cry! Let’s help you find your bag.
4.×;I was excited yesterday because I watched a cartoon.
5.√
八、【新考法·表文转换】积木拼句。
1. My mom plays basketball every Sunday.
2.Tom and I can borrow a storybook in the library.
3.My brother is heavier than me—he’s 45 kg, and I’m 40 kg.
4.You should clean your desk before class.
5.Lily is sad because she lost her pen.
九、【新趋势·思维探究】根据例句,仿写句子(注意结合生活实际)。
1. She is happy because she likes drawing pictures.
2. He is sad because he can’t find his ruler.
3. They are excited because they have a PE class today.
4. My dad is angry because I don’t finish my homework.
5. We are happy because we play games at school.
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