考点5 阅读理解——议论文（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

考点4 阅读理解—议论文 温馨提示： 本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题 1. 高考真题考点分布 年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类 2025 全国I卷 人与社会 城市交通问题 北京卷 人与社会 能否延长看屏幕时间的争论 2024 新高考I卷 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果 北京卷 人与社会 讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的 浙江卷1月 人与自然 加拿大Alberta防雹千预计划之争 2023 全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 2022 全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展中面临的问题 北京卷 人与社会 量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？ 天津卷 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记文章涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。 2．从命题思路上看： 文章通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、情感态度题等题型。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。 议论文结构特点 写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为 写法二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题 写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。 高考备考，重点练阅读。因为阅读是纲，纲举目张。阅读量 + 词汇量 = 高考英语前途无量。要做到精读泛读相结合。每天读5篇，高考一百三。具体来说，可以每天精读2篇，读懂每一句话，并完成文后的问答题；泛读3篇，材料要相对容易一些，但要有长度。泛读的方法是只求知道内容，不记单词或漂亮句子，也不做短文后的习题。 【命题预测】 预计2026年议论文有可能考。复习过程中要熟练掌握议论文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对议论文阅读试题。 【必备基础知识】 一、【语篇特点】 特点： 议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 议论文的阅读方法： 1. 抓论点、寻论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 2. 重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大体的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： (1)“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的过程。 (2)“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 议 论 文 文 章 类 型 演绎论证议论文 是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。 归纳论证议论文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。 比较论证议论文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。 命题 要点 由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度，因此，命题时常考察其观点态度以及根据文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。 二、【解题策略】 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。 做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。 考点一 议论文中的主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。 【常考类型】 题型1 段落大意题 每个段落都有一个中心思想,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。没有给出明显的主题句时,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意 题型2 文章大意题 考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的归纳概括能力 题型3 标题归纳题 概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子 (2024新课标I卷C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. （2026·山东省济南市高三上学期开学）Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). Seabed-mining companies promote them as “a battery in a rock” and “the easiest way to solve climate change.” They claim that those nodules can provide metals for 4.8 billion electric vehicles. Yet this promise threatens a biological treasure. Marine (海洋的) biologists reveal the CCZ shelters over 5,000 unique species in the darkness. The extensive mining of cobalt may lead to the loss of biodiversity. A company claimed to have found a solution to minimize the damage to the ecology and has already trialed a 25-ton collector robot designed to harvest these nodules. However, a 2023 study shows it can cause permanent destruction in the area. Commercial mining is not yet permitted in international waters. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is still determining how, and under what conditions, mining should be allowed. After 28 years of debate, its 168 member states still lack formal agreement. While companies advocate using nodule-collecting robots, 437 scientists from 44 countries demand an immediate stop.ISA studies confirm that just 10% mining of the CCZ may wipe out 50% of its species. Nor is it certain that cobalt mining will even be all that important in car-battery technology. Many battery companies are trying to recycle cobalt from spent batteries. In March, several major European carmakers jointly stated that they would not buy any metals produced from deep-sea mining before the environmental risks are “completely understood”. Meanwhile, several Chinese electric vehicle producers have already made the switch, recycling up to 95% of metals from used batteries. “Why rush to mine the ocean for metals becoming outdated?” said battery expert Gavin Harper. On June 8, 21 marine scientists from 8 universities finished a six-week research in the CCZ and packed up seafloor samples to take back to their labs for further analysis. “An assessment of the mining’s impact will take years of research,” says Andrew from Edinburgh. “I’m trying to get the best environmental data. And then it’s up to society to make the decision to go ahead.” 8．Why are the nodules called “a battery in a rock”? A．They contain valuable metals. B．They have recharging qualities. C．They own battery-like structures. D．They generate renewable power. 9．What can be inferred about the ISA? A．It prioritizes economic interests. B．It is guarded about seabed mining. C．It opposes commercial operations. D．It requires more technical support. 10．What does the author want to illustrate in Paragraph 4? A．Deep-sea mining meets demands. B．Carmakers reuse battery materials. C．Battery recycling needs promoting. D．Seabed mining for cobalt can wait. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Marine Mining, a Green Solution B．Cobalt, the Future of Batteries C．Ocean Metals, an Ocean Risk? D．CCZ, the Treasure Unknown? 考点二 考查议论文中的推理判断题 1.推断题特征 推断题要求学生在理解文章表面信息的基础上，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者态度，理解文章的寓意等。推断题是议论文中出现频率最高、难度最大的题目。推断题常常考查写作目的、作者意图、结论推断或者文章出处推断等。常见的题目如下： ①From the example in paragraph...， we can infer that____________. ②Whats the purpose of the text？ ③Whats the attitude of the author towards...？ 2.推断题的解题策略 ①立足议论文中明确的客观信息，挖掘内在的逻辑关系，合理地进行推断。 ②全面分析所有相关信息，避免片面性，做到判断有据，推理有据，忠于原文。 ③不可用主观臆断来代替文中作者的观点，不能用事实代替推理，不能用具体代替抽象，不能用现象代替实质。 ④要特别注意表现作者感情、态度、观点的语句。 ⑤“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 ⑥选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 （2024年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【篇章结构】 段落 功能 关键词句 Para.1 提出问题 "Is comprehension the same...?" 双重疑问句引发思考 Para.2-3 对比论证 "When reading texts of several hundred words..., learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. " Para.4 理论深化 "shallowing hypothesis" 解释心理机制 Para.5 延伸对比 "Audio and video...but remember less" 扩大讨论维度 Para.6 结论建议 "educators shouldn’t assume..." 提出辩证解决方案 【长难句分析】 1. 【原句】The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 【译文】当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 【句子结构分析】本句中when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。 2.【原句】 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 【翻译】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 【句子结构分析】suited to social media 作后置定语修饰mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语approach 和devote。 3.【原句】However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 【因为】然而，在需要精神集中和反思的学习中，为了最大化学习效果，教育工作者不应假设所有媒介都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。 【句子结构分析】 主句: ... educators shouldn’t assume [all media are the same]；宾语从句: (that) all media are the same (省略 that) ；目的状语: for maximizing learning ... (介词短语 for... 表目的)；where mental focus and reflection are called for` (定语从句修饰 learning，相当于 in which)； 让步状语从句: even when they contain identical words (even when 引导) （2026·湖南省长沙市雨花区长沙市雅礼中学高三月考）The story of The Emperor’s New Clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have pursued costly projects favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. Individuals from varied backgrounds approach problems differently. It is not merely about electing people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. In today’s complex world, cooperation is crucial for breakthroughs. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are produced by teams rather than individuals. Since 1975, team-based patents have dominated across all categories in the United States. There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are arrogant. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers — maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone less senior. This freedom to speak without fear of punishment is known as “psychological safety.” Syed cites a Google study identifying it as the most important factor behind effective teamwork. For example, during brainstorming, allowing anonymous idea submission helps reduce the influence of seniority and encourages honest feedback. 12．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．argue children’s wisdom over adults B．confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fables C．introduce the problem of fear to express truth in groups D．make fun of the foolishness of the emperor and his courtiers 13．What kind of people are “hidebound”? A．Those opposing team activities. B．Those trapped in a fixed mindset. C．Those overly focusing on others’ behavior. D．Those challenging traditional ways of thinking. 14．What does the author suggest a company do as to assembling an effective team? A．Select people from diverse cognitive backgrounds. B．Employ graduates from the same top university. C．Appoint senior managers to pose strict control. D．Hire people in line with the chief executive. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Cognitive Diversity: Daring to Differ B．Junior Managers: Making Better Leaders C．The Emperor’s New Clothes: Lying to Obey D．The Google Study: Unlocking Psychological Safety 考点三 考查议论文中的细节理解题 1.细节题的特征 这类题目一般难度不大，以表层理解为主，多数情况下是直接信息题，主要考查学生在快速阅读文章的同时从中获取某些特定信息的能力。它们往往以what、which、who、when、where、how来提问，有时还会加上一个前提。 2.细节题的解题策略 在处理细节题时，要做到又快又准。快：快速发现题干关键词，再运用略读和跳读的技巧在文中迅速定位。准：解题时要抓准关键词，要注意选项与原文的细微差别，在准确理解细节的情况下，确定最佳答案。 3.细节题的解题关键、 准确识别选项和题干改写过程中的，同义句表达是解题关键。常用的方法：1.采用同义词手段改写；2.采用正话反说的方法改写；3.采用虚拟语气进行改写；4.采用同义句式方式改写。 1.　(2025全国一卷阅读C篇片段) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. … 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2.(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇片段) … Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. … 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. （2026·江苏省部分学校高三上学期8月联考）Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center released data showing that 55% of people get their news from social media. In a follow-up study, they found that these people are more likely to see misinformation. When that misinformation is about science, it contributes to the growing mistrust individuals have towards science. We, as scientists, need to do our best to correct this misinformation. However, we are mostly stuck behind our lab desks due to the pressure to publish papers. When we occasionally do approach the public, we often don't do a great job communicating in ways nonscientists can understand. Most of us have not been trained to communicate or teach the lay audience. We use complicated words and phrases and a lot of jargon (术语) . We may focus on tiny details that the general public doesn't need to understand. Other times we forget that the people we are talking to are human, with complicated lives and emotions. Just like us. They deserve our attention and respect. This causes the public to rely on other sources for their scientific information, often the aforementioned social media. Today we are seeing the consequences of this. Large percentages of people believe that infectious diseases are not real and that vaccines (疫苗) are dangerous. This distrust in science has gone from a mere inconvenience to now being an issue that endangers public health and safety. Distrust in science also endangers our funding. When the public puts less value in science, there is less public support for tax dollars going to funding for research. So, what can we do to address these issues? People trust those they know and interact with. We need to interact with the public more. During these interactions, we should choose our words carefully. We need to cut out as much jargon as possible. Sometimes it may be necessary, but then we must be clear and explain the terms we use. To help people understand and remember concepts, we can use stories and images to illustrate our main points. Most people can remember a story someone told, or a striking image shared. 1．What concern does the author raise based on the Pew study? A．Declining public curiosity about science. B．Spread of false scientific information. C．Scientists’ limited time for lab work. D．Difficulty in publishing research. 2．What does the underlined word “lay” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Unprofessional. B．Overnumbered. C．Misinformed. D．Undereducated. 3．What results from the public's disbelief in science? A．Increased public support for research funding. B．Reduced reality of infectious diseases. C．An increased risk for wellness threats. D．Inconvenient access to scientific findings. 4．What does the author urge scientists to focus on? A．More public talks without altering jargon. B．Releasing more scientific work. C．Avoiding social media platforms. D．Making science more understandable. 考点四 考查议论文中的词义猜测题 词义推断题 1.词义推断题的特征 议论文的生词较多，容易出现词义推断题。这类题目不仅考查学生的英语知识水平，更重要的是考查学生通过上下文提示，灵活应用英语知识的能力。它们常以“The underlined word “...” means...、The meaning of the underlined word... is ____________ .”等表达来设问。 2.词义推断题的解题技巧 ①通过上下文来推断词义。利用上下文的逻辑关系和句法结构来猜测词义。 ②通过构词法来推断词义。这要求考生在平时的学习中注意掌握一些常见的前缀和后缀。 1.（2024年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. …… 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2.　(2023·全国乙卷D篇片段) …… In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. （2026·福建省漳州市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测）We become bored if something fails to absorb our attention, or when we perceive it as meaningless. This is not to say that something needs to be both engaging and meaningful to keep us interested: doing sudoku might be absorbing but relatively meaningless, while reading a Peppa Pig bedtime story for the 500th time is not engaging but may nonetheless feel like a meaningful thing to do. In any case, when boredom strikes it should serve as a reminder to do something more engaging or meaningful. If you don’t react appropriately to your boredom, you may find yourself becoming chronically (长期) bored. That is associated with a range of problems, including depression, anxiety, poor life satisfaction and so on. There is statistical evidence to suggest that chronic boredom is becoming more common, and that this commonness consists with the rise of smartphones. Why might digital media have this effect? Research has shown that the main reason we pick up our phones or check our socials is to relieve boredom, but that the behavior actually worsens it. Digital devices may hold our attention for a while, but much of what we do online doesn’t feel meaningful. It’s incredibly easy to plan to look at your phone for just five minutes and resurface two hours later with a stranger’s holiday plans or the latest entertainment news. Phones’ effectiveness at throwing us into shallow stimulation blocks us from important self-reflection like “Why am I feeling this?” or “What do I need that I’m not getting?” If we pause and listen, then perhaps we can make a choice rather than being controlled by software engineers. Next time boredom strikes, don’t try to assuage it instantly and ask ourselves: are we in search of pure entertainment or something more purposeful, an opportunity to connect with friends or our community or something different, something new? The people who choose to embrace (拥抱) boredom, at least for a while, may actually experience less of it. It could even be the first step towards a life that feels more stimulating overall: meaningful, creative and free. 1．How does the author clarify his view in the first paragraph? A．By defining concepts. B．By giving examples. C．By raising assumptions. D．By analyzing data. 2．What can be inferred about boredom? A．It is easy to overcome. B．It signals a need for change. C．It is caused by digital devices D．It always indicates mental illness. 3．What does the underlined word “assuage” in the last paragraph mean? A．Identify. B．Judge. C．Use. D．Relieve. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Should we embrace boredom? B．Why should we cut digital device use? C．What is the root of boredom? D．Can we balance boredom and digital life? （最新模拟试题演练） 1.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨市第三中学校高三上学期9月月考）Standing on the lakeshore, my gaze drifts down to the tens-even hundreds of thousands of-small stones scattered around my boots, and I can't help but pause in wonder. Each was created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1, 000 years ago. And much like a rock, I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I'm not a rock. I'm a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA． Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: "Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don't like it either, but let's all do what we can." But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching, understanding both sides. I've been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others' eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another's point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 24．What does the author compare the rocks to? A．Challenges that we come across. B．Our abilities that grows with time. C．People with varied personalities. D．Different stages of people's lives. 25．What does the underlined phrase "the waters of life" in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to? A．The passing time that changes a person's attitude to himself. B．The difficult experiences that the author encountered in his life. C．The natural phenomena like rain and waves that wear down rocks. D．The various life events that shape the author's perspective on others. 26．What caused the argument in the restaurant? A．The guy's failing to obey the rules. B．The owner's inappropriate attitude. C．Misunderstanding between the two sides. D．Lack of clarity in the sign. 27．What does the author try to convey through this text? A．We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C．Don't compromise easily and always stick to your principles. D．Being adaptive and understanding brings a sense of well-being. 2.（2026·江苏省如皋中学高三上学期测试一）Chocolate is a popular snack, but the price of it continues to rise. Cocoa from the cacao tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to increasing aridity — a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe, threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers. Over the past 30 years, more than three-quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier. This dryness is a long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods. Aridity arises from human-driven factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land use, and natural resource degradation. Climate change, primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, increases global temperatures, accelerating evaporation (蒸发) and heightening water shortage — even in regions with moderate rainfall. Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade soils, removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients. In cocoa-producing regions, deforestation upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil. Degraded soils hold less water, deepening drought conditions. Cocoa is just one crop at risk. Major agricultural zones are also affected. By 2100, up to 5 billion people may live in dry lands, stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration. Aridity also threatens ecosystems. Wildlife struggles to adapt, and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive. Economic losses are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. Governments face additional burdens from sandstorms, wildfires, and water shortages. While aridity’s effects are severe, they are not entirely changeless. Restoring degraded lands, improving soil health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity. As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa, addressing aridity is a matter of urgency. Beyond saving chocolate, it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life. 8．What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate? A．The decline of cocoa production. B．The high cost of basic ingredients. C．The increasing demand for chocolate. D．The shortage of cocoa tree plantations. 9．What do we know about aridity? A．It is mainly caused by natural factors. B．It only affects cocoa-producing regions. C．It has a wide-ranging impact on various aspects. D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted. 10．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa. B．To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity. C．To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity. D．To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy. 11．Which of the following can fight against aridity? A．Cutting off water supplies. B．Replacing renewable energy. C．Promoting soil conservation. D．Practicing industrial farming. 3.（2026·四川省德阳天立高级中学高三上学期第一次月考）Do you love Beats headphones, True Religion jeans, and UGG shoes? These are some of the most popular brands (牌子) around. They are also expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands. For example, Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. So why do people pay twice or even 10 times as much for the hottest brands? Experts say it’s because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say “I belong” or “I can afford it.” Some people think that expensive brand names are worth the price. They say that some designer clothes really are top quality and that they last longer than cheaper brands. Some teenagers choose to wear popular brands because these brands make them feel good about themselves. Alexandra Allam, 17, likes to buy brand-name products. “I’d rather spend the extra money to get something I know I’ll be satisfied with,” she says. Her friend Emmy Swan agrees, saying “As long as you can afford it, it seems reasonable to buy what you want.” But not all teenagers agree. “Spending hundreds of dollars for designer sunglasses is stupid and unreasonable,” says Daniel Steinbrecher, 16. “It’s fake (假的) happiness.” People who are against wearing expensive brand names say that many designer brands aren’t any better. “It’s wasteful to buy things just because they are popular,” says Edmund Williams, 15. “You’ll feel better if you buy things because you like them. If you have extra money to spend, it would be better to give it to people in need.” 8．The example of Jim’s report wants to tell us _____. A．popular brands make people comfortable B．Koss Pro headphones are better than Beats C．the hottest brands are of the highest quality D．lesser-known brands may offer the same quality as name brands 9．According to experts, people choose the hottest brands probably _____. A．to show off B．for their better quality C．for their better designs D．to belong to a special group 10．What does Edmund think of expensive brands? A．They are not worth the price. B．They make him feel confident. C．They need to improve their quality. D．They pay too much attention to personal likes. 11．The text is mainly about _____. A．how to buy things reasonably B．the competition between brands C．the different values of teenagers D．whether expensive brands are worth high prices 4.（2026·贵州省贵阳市高三上学期8月摸底）Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation (骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 28．Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A．The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B．The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C．The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D．The chef had to have the author eating alone. 29．What caused women to fight against the policies? A．They wanted to have separate rooms. B．They were not treated equally as men. C．They hoped to manage those restaurants. D．They were inspired by previous protests. 30．What does the author think of women dining alone? A．It requires more public attention. B．It prevents women from the world. C．It needs bravery and encouragement. D．It raises awareness of women’s right. 31．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B．Should Women Embrace Privacy? C．Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D．Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? 5.（2026·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三上学期开学）The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. Professor Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future. He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago. Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes. Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. That does raise the question: If temperatures do rise really quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.” However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.” 32．How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte? A．Moving to colder regions. B．Reducing their body size. C．Losing their weight. D．Adapting their diet. 33．What does the underlined word “dissipation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission. 34．What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study? A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 35．What is the best title of this text? A．The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival B．The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes C．The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes D．The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change 6.（2026·山东省高三上学期开学联考）Despite the convenience brought by the social network, the issue of cyberbully has become so widespread that many individuals now hesitate to engage in online interactions. By next year, a significant portion of online communication will involve some form of harassment (骚扰). We are finally acknowledging the gravity of this issue by supporting and developing a variety of initiatives, platforms, and strategies aimed at preventing cyberbullies from causing harm. Unfortunately, our efforts might be insufficient and too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely accessible, cyberbullies will have adopted more complex strategies. In the near future, it won’t just be the messages you see on your screen that will be questionable. Soon you will also doubt the authenticity of the profiles you encounter. This is due to the spreading of advanced identity manipulation (操纵) and automation technologies that are becoming increasingly accessible. These advancements are likely to fuel our current struggles with cyberbully. The reason cyberbully is so harmful is not just its frequency but also its personal nature. A decade of social media use has resulted in a situation where cyberbullies can easily access personal details and use them harmfully. Armed with this information, they can carry out targeted campaigns to harassment individuals. For instance, a cyberbully could create a fake profile that appears to be a friend and send messages that seem supportive, tricking victims into revealing personal information or engaging in harmful behavior. Since cyberbullies seek power, vulnerable (易受攻击的) individuals, especially children, will be the most severely affected. Much of online interaction is based on trust and mutual respect. Identity manipulation technologies may erode this foundation gradually. We need to address the vulnerability of our online communities. Social media platforms and users must cooperate to establish methods for confirming and communicating authenticity. This could involve developing a standardized system to authenticate user profiles, indicating their reliability and origins, or transitioning away from text-based communication and towards video-based interactions—using platforms that can be linked to confirmed identities. Trust is hard to build but easy to destroy, and the challenge of maintaining a safe online environment is only going to intensify. 32．What’s the author’s attitude towards our response to cyberbully? A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed. 33．What does the underlined word “erode” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Damage. B．Strengthen. C．Preserve. D．Restore. 34．What can we infer from the text? A．Honesty is the best policy. B．Technologies can be double-edged. C．There are more solutions than problems. D．Face to face communication is key to trust. 35．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Unknown Power behind Cyberbully B．How Cyberbully Is Affecting Technology C．Where the Problem of Cyberbully Is Rooted D．The Increasingly Severe Threat of Cyberbully 7.（2026·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三上学期开学联考）Are you a logical thinker, or would you say that you’re more free-spirited and artistic? If you’re the former, somebody’s probably told you at some point that you’re a left-brained person, and if you’re the latter, right-brained. The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant is widespread in popular psychology. However, this idea is a fiction. Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of hemispheric (脑半球的) dominance. Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a highly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained or a left-brained person? If there’s no evidence for the fiction of right-brained and left-brained people, why do so many people accept it? Perhaps it just makes intuitive (直觉的) sense that people’s brains would be dominant on one side or the other just as their hands, feet, or eyes are. It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that allows us to sort ourselves (and our friends) into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics. When people are offered general descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive. The “insights” they generate are both universal and congenial. After all, who would reject a description of themselves as “artistic and creative” or “reasonable and analytical”? The fiction is popular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our favorite subject — ourselves. 32．Which is a common belief about people’s individual characteristics? A．A logical thinker is right-brained. B．Our right brain and left brain work the same. C．The right half of the brain is the analytical half. D．The dominant half of brain determines one’s characteristics. 33．Why does the author mention mathematics in paragraph 2? A．To show that math is a logical subject. B．To argue that creativity is irrelevant in analytical thinking. C．To prove that left-brained people are better at problem-solving. D．To prove personality and talent differences aren’t due to hemispheric dominance. 34．Why do many people believe in the left-brain/ right-brain theory? A．This theory is widespread and popular. B．Scientific studies have confirmed its accuracy. C．It provides a way for them to sort personalities. D．Brain imaging technology has shown clear hemispheric differences. 35．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Why Left-Brained People Are Smarter? B．The Science of Math: Left or Right Brain? C．The Truth Behind Hemispheric Dominance D．Ways to Develop Both Logical and Creative Thinking 1.（2026·重庆市实验外国语学校高三上学期9月月考）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 11．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 12．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 13．Which of the following white lies may Dr. Breur support? A．A student claims his homework was left at home. B．An employee blames traffic jam for being late. C．A Dad tells his son their lost pet is living happily on a farm. D．A nurse says she has to work overtime so as to decline an invitation. 14．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before Telling White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．Tell White Lies to Show Your Sympathy 2.（2026·湖北省荆州市高三上学期开学起点考试）When you’re a child, making friends does not require too much effort. Still, as much as I love children, I know that they can be very mean creatures. I know it first-hand, and as the sister to an adolescent girl, I am reminded of it often. But with shared routines and mostly innocent oblivion (遗忘), having the opportunity to make friends is presented to us all the way through our formative years. And somewhere along the way, if we’re lucky, we can make really good friends, who when we reach adulthood, start to feel like old friends. From old friends we learn how much we grow. They’re the people who’ve usually witnessed everything from our major accomplishments to our insignificant mistakes, to the moments we’re least proud of. They told us to do better and sometimes they forced us to do better. And we know that if we’re happy with who we’ve become, they played a role in that process. There is a freedom that comes with old friends that newer friendships can sometimes fail to bring. There are no impressions to be made with people who know you well. There are few filters (过滤) to send your thoughts through as you engage in conversation. There is a great comfort that comes with knowing that a friend has loved you for a long time, and continues to love you anyway. With old friends there is often great laughter about the shared history of your pasts. And in your youth, pasts are often filled with many playful instants but also careless choices. There is a serious recollection of the difficult periods that you have been through. There is an understanding of how you came to be who you came to be. With old friends, you realise true friendships are difficult to create and to hold onto. And the profound gratitude that you have for having a friend long enough to call them an “old friend”, feels wonderful. 23．What does the author try to stress about children’s friendship? A．Selfishness. B．Innocence. C．Complexity. D．Meaninglessness. 24．How do “old friends” interact according to paragraph 4? A．Communicate with natural ease. B．Choose their topics with great care. C．Attempt to maintain a positive image. D．Joke about their past errors frequently. 25．Who best fits the author’s description of an “old friend”? A．A family member cheering you up. B．A teenager knowing your achievements. C．A playmate sharing similar routines with you. D．A fellow accompanying you through your growth. 26．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To propose building children’s friendship. B．To emphasise the value of lifelong friendship. C．To contrast childhood and adulthood friendship. D．To analyse how to maintain significant friendship. 3.（2026·陕西省宝鸡市某校高三上学期第一次质检）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100% honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Juli a Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation,” Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize dung psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity, she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 31．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are embarrassing. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common in people’s life. 32．What does Dr. Breur want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to everyone we met truthfully. C．Telling white lies is sometimes good for medical treatment. D．The “all is good” response is perfect in dealing with patients. 33．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in Paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 34．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best. B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies. C．No White Lies, No Kindness. D．Believing in White Lies Makes Life Beautiful. 4.（2026·湖北省湖北省部分市州高三上学期9月调研一模）In the digital era, where social media floods with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure from empty digital interactions. While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 35．What does Lina do on social media? A．She only posts artworks. B．She shares life but skips deep chats. C．She never replies to comments. D．She focuses on building deep online bonds. 36．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now? A．A center for deep relationships. B．A platform for personal display. C．A tool to seek frequent interactions. D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties. 37．What can we infer about “light socializing”? A．It encourages safe online engagement. B．It makes young people emotionally cold. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes. D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health. 38．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 5.（2026·江苏省高淳高级中学月考）At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women. This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year. And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts. But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated. When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. 42．How much of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables has been canceled by the growth? A．Less than half B．About two-thirds C．More than three quarters D．Nearly 90 percent 43．Why does the author believe declining birth rates should be celebrated? A．They immediately reduce carbon emissions B．They reflect gender equality progress and reduce Earth’s burden C．They solve pension system challenges completely D．They make green technology investments unnecessary 44．The author mentions “mining operations in Africa” primarily to: ________. A．Highlight the global cooperation needed for green technology B．Expose the hidden environmental costs of renewable energy expansion C．Advocate for better working conditions in developing countries D．Compare energy production methods between continents 45．The author’s attitude toward “green technology” as a solution can best be described as: A．Strongly supportive B．Completely neutral C．Skeptical and critical D．Cautiously optimistic 6.When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They said it sounded like "a lot of noise". At the same time, my father regularly described the music that he liked as "beautiful". As it turns out, my father is not alone. As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard people my age say, "Today’s music is terrible." Why do many old people just dislike new music? The mere exposure effect may explain this. It means the more familiar we are with something, the more likely we are to prefer it. When we are in our early teens, we usually spend a lot of time listening to music and discussing it with our friends. The songs and artists that are popular during this time become familiar to us. After we turn 30 years old, working and raising a family take up most of our time. Instead of discovering new music, we listen to old favorites that connect us to a simpler time. Studies show that by the time they turn 33 years old, most people have completely stopped exploring new music. But I think there is another explanation for why older people don’t like new music. Most popular music, after all, is not written for them. It is made for young people. Punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal, and many other types of music began as youthful rebellions (叛逆) against out-of-date ways of doing things. They naturally attract younger audiences. Do your parents hate the music you like, too? Now, after reading this article, you know that there is nothing wrong with that. Choose the best answer. 50．When the author was a teenager, his parents described the music he liked as “_________”. A．beautiful B．noisy C．ordinary D．out-of-date 51．As the author grows older, he realizes that_________. A．only his father dislikes new music. B．many old people dislike new music. C．many young people also dislike new music. D．today’s music has become worse and worse. 52．Which of the following charts correctly shows the mere exposure effect? A． B． C． D． 53．According to the article, what happens to most people’s music exploration habits by the age of 33? A．They start exploring different music styles more widely. B．They usually stop discovering new music. C．They prefer listening to music from other cultures. D．They frequently go to live concerts to find new music. 54．According to the article, why do modern music such as punk, rap, and heavy metal typically attract younger people rather than older ones? A．Young people usually have an open attitude towards new things and older individuals tend to be more traditional. B．These music styles often involve technical innovations, which younger people are more adaptable to. C．These music styles started as young people’s way of challenging old rules, making them more appealing to the youth. D．Young people can hear high sounds better, and these music styles have a lot of high sounds. 7.（2026·湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研）Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory” (人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it, The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. We put something between ourselves and the world-a camera-instead of just being in the moment, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼)in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can do what our fragile meat-computers can’t: protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．We rely more on tools to memorize. B．We are burdened with phone numbers. C．Technology weakens our brains. D．Technology distances us from our friends. 2．What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Improved. B．Outperformed. C．Restricted. D．Undervalued. 3．What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A．An overflow of posts. B．High cost of digital devices. C．Addiction to the virtual world. D．Disregard for authentic experience. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Have faith in human brains. B．Take time to adapt to digital age. C．Quicken the pace of development. D．Make efforts to enhance memory. 8.（2026·云南省昆明市第十二中学教育集团高三上学期开学检测）Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely. This girl had grown up in a time when conversational machines were presented as empathy devices that could understand her. And so it seemed natural to her that other machines would expand the range of conversation. But there is something she may have been too young to understand or like a lot of us, tend to forget when we talk to machines. These robots can perform empathy in a conversation about your friend, your mother, or your child, but they have no experience of any of these relationships. Their conversations about life occupy the realm of the as-if. In our manufacturing and marketing of these machines, we encourage children to develop an emotional tie that is sure to lead to an empathetic dead end. On top of this, it has become fashionable for psychologists to criticize empathy, a unique form of human connection, just at a time when we are starting relationships with objects with none to give. The coincidence is too convenient. Children will lose the ability to have empathy if they relate too consistently with objects that cannot form empathetic ties. Technology challenges us to look at our human values. We can try to use technology to cure Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which would be a blessing, but that blessing is not a reason to move from artificial brain enhancement to artificial intimacy (亲密). And yet that is the kind of talk that one hears these days. The narrative begins with the idea that compassionate robots would be “better than nothing”, better because there aren’t enough people to teach, love, and tend to people. But that idea quickly shifts into another: robots would be better than almost anything. Unlike people, they would not abandon you or get sick and die. They might not be capable of love, but they won’t break your heart. From better than nothing to better than anything. These are stations on our voyage to forgetting what it means to be human. But the forgetting begins long before we have a robot companion in place; it begins when we even think of putting one in place. To build the robots, we must first rebuild ourselves as people ready to be their companions. Being human today is about the struggle to remain genuinely empathetic. Ourselves—to remember why it matters, to remember what we cherish. These days, to be human is to keep one’s mind on the glory that one is. 1．Why does the author mention the 16-year-old girl? A．To uncover a problem. B．To evaluate a comment. C．To provide an example. D．To introduce a topic. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Technology unexpectedly advances empathy studies. B．Psychologists accidentally ignore the needs of children. C．The criticism of empathy is scientifically valid but poorly timed. D．The tech industries may benefit from the timing of psychological cycles. 3．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．Technological progress clarifies human values through challenges. B．Artificial intimacy reflects technological progress yet threatens empathy. C．Future technologies like AI companions require stricter moral regulations. D．Technology’s medical benefits justify its application in emotional domains. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Empathy at Risk: Psychology’s New Frontier B．Faking Intimacy: When Machines Decrease Our Humanity C．Why Humans Prefer Robots: An Analysis of Social Failure D．The Rise of Robot Companions: A Technological Revolution 9.（2026·广东省四会市华侨中学高三上学期第二次月考）So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”. 　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed. 　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. 　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.” 　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 1．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________. A．too much time is spent in teaching about reading B．students spend endless hours in reading C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance D．it is one of the most difficult school courses 2．The teaching of reading will be successful if ________. A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students B．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading C．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable 3．The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “________”. A．inquiry B．control C．observation D．suspicion 4．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________. A．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable B．children become highly motivated C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge D．reading enriches children’s experience 5．The main idea of the passage is that ________. A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible C．reading is more complicated than generally believed D．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught 10.（2026·四川省广安中学高三上学期“零诊”模拟）Before 2022, there was barely a whisper about it. Now the concept of “food noise” seems to be everywhere on social media: a quick TikTok search, for instance, finds that videos related to “food noise explained” attracted 1.8 billion views as of this summer. Coined to name the experience of thinking about food, longing for food, planning our next meal and so on, “food noise” describes some of the most basic human drives: hunger, appetite, longing. But now these are being seen as problems, rather than features. We should resist this definition. To call something noise is to go beyond describing it: It’s to prove the normative claim that simply loving food, letting food occupy our thoughts and responding to our hunger is suspect. It isn’t. The pleasure we take from food is an important human good. Food connects us to ourselves, and with each other, and there is real harm in teaching people to view the pleasure they take from such fare as a problem. Famed English food writer Nigell Lawson earlier this year wrote in a post that she “couldn’t bear to live without food noise”. One commenter responded in agreement “I believe it is called ‘food music’” Some people who identify with the term “food noise” experience genuinely intense food thoughts, as well as engaging in harmful behaviors such as bingeing (大吃大喝), But according to experts, these problems are often rooted in restriction. In other words, food noise is what may happen when you’re not eating enough to satisfy your appetite, often under the pressures of diet culture, by normalizing restrictive eating. And for any of us, the joy and pleasure and comfort of food should not be discounted. We need to eat to live, of course, but it goes beyond that; to live to eat has long given many of us meaning and community as well as sustenance. Food noise should not be treated as a problem. Rather, we might call it “food music”, and dance to it. 1．What attitude does “food noise” show towards food? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 2．Which of the following statements will the commenter agree with? A．The desire for food is annoying. B．People have lost interest in food. C．Dinner with music can increase appetite. D．A good appetite doesn’t bring about guilt. 3．What does the diet culture mean in Paragraph 4? A．People should have healthy diets. B．People should limit their food intake. C．People should normalize their eating habits. D．People should avoid harmful bingeing. 4．What does the author think of food noise? A．It may contribute to building communities. B．It can help us handle food problems. C．It should be accepted with joy. D．It hardly gives meaning to our lives. 11.（2025·福建省福州市鼓楼区福州第一中学高三开学）Look! A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach. On the shore, in the background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a weapon hanging casually on his shoulder. This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for sensational images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity. To my sorrow, I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was shot. The bear’s death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures for any respected operator. The incident is probably the result of a terrible systemic failure. Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place. This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean. Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer. 1．Why did the polar bear die? A．It was probably hunted for its fur. B．It was accidentally killed by flares. C．Standard safety procedures were not followed. D．The beach lacked safety devices. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Positive ecotourism. B．Financial donations. C．Rising awareness about danger. D．Creation of jobs for locals. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest? A．The guards failed to prevent problems. B．Better methods for conducting ecotourism are needed. C．Ecotourism clearly benefits the environment. D．Safety measures are weak. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To cause readers to focus on polar bears. B．To encourage readers to reflect on ecotourism. C．To stress side effects that ecotourism has caused. D．To analyze why the polar bear was killed. 12.（2026·河南省高三上学期9月联考）Until a few weeks ago, I relied on restaurant hygiene (卫生) ratings. The score ranges from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates urgent improvement is required. Yet, the BBC revealed some businesses misrepresent their hygiene scores, posting a 5 when their ratings are as low as 0. The signal of hygiene I relied on wasn’t always reliable. This incident represents something older: Deception (欺骗) through misrepresentation gradually weakens trust. As with any social behavior, when ill behaviors are successful, they tend to spread, because people copy behaviors associated with success. Over time, this may harm the shared signals on which society depends. Research in biology and sociology highlights how. Animals signal information to others about themselves, but some animals cheat. Cuckoo chicks, for instance, model after the sound of the young of other birds to trick adult birds into feeding them. Among humans, technological improvements allow us to misrepresent our intentions and identities in many ways. This can include pretending who we are in digital interactions by stealing from people online without ever meeting them. We share a lot of qualities with cuckoos: Anyone can be anyone in the digital age. Luckily for us, we have found ways to solve problems with trust throughout our history. We learn to recognize patterns of behavior indicative of deception, and just as the tricks for deception spread, so do the methods for detecting it, whether those involve passwords, face or voice recognition, or any of the new technologies being developed. We have accordingly established laws that fine or punish lawbreakers or wrongdoers. What matters for maintaining trust is the reliability of the signals we use in communication. What we need is a mechanism for determining reliability: Whether people or places can be trusted to do what we expect of them. This is done both through effective policing and through educating ourselves about how to avoid unreliable people, places and things. If I can trust that hygiene ratings are reliable, then I can use the score as a signal to drive my behavior. 1．What does the underlined phrase “the shared signals” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Social reforms. B．Agreed beliefs. C．Copied behaviors. D．Accurate representations. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning cuckoo chicks? A．To illustrate a deception in nature. B．To put biological research into use. C．To give an example of animals’ feeding. D．To compare the behaviors of different birds. 3．Why do we need a system according to paragraph 5? A．To educate the public. B．To drive people’s action. C．To conduct effective policing. D．To guarantee trustworthiness. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．The Wearing Away of Trust B．What Technologies Rid Us of C．The Cruel Fact of the Hygiene D．Where the Missing Signal Escapes 13.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学高三上学期开学检测）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (刷屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the fine differences. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views—for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 1．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 2．According to the passage, which best explains why social comparisons can be beneficial? A．They help people avoid emotional trouble completely. B．They provide motivation when viewed from a positive angle. C．They allow people to control others’ opinions effectively. D．They eliminate the fear of falling behind others permanently. 3．Which of the following social comparison examples would the author most likely agree with? A．A student who stops checking classmates’ test scores to avoid feeling bad. B．An employee who feels discouraged after seeing a colleague’s promotion. C．A fitness enthusiast who uses a professional athlete’s training routine as inspiration to improve their own workouts. D．A person who frequently compares their lifestyle with influencers’ selected posts on social media. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 14.（2026·河南省南阳市南阳市六校开学考试高三上学期开学）We live in a culture crazy about goals. We're told that success depends on dreaming big and pursuing unceasingly. But what if that mindset is quietly stealing your joy? I’m not against goals. I’ve pursued plenty of big ones myself. But I’ve learned that when we treat goals as the only measure of meaning, we risk spending most of our lives doing things we don’t enjoy. We should welcome goals into our lives — but holding them lightly. It means letting goals guide us, but not define us. It means caring less about whether we reach the finish line, and more about whether we're enjoying the run. Take my experience writing a book. My big goal was to get traditionally published. That goal sent me in a direction, but the real magic was in the day-to-day writing, refining my proposal, working with an agent, and querying publishers. I genuinely enjoyed all of it. And because I wasn’t attached to the outcome, I could focus on the process. Goals help us aim our purpose like a compass, not a contract. They get us moving. But they don’t have to be the only reason we keep going. Sometimes the best outcomes aren’t the ones we planned. Back to my book journey: Sure, I wanted to get published. But along the way, something unexpected happened. I met incredible people — fellow writers, podcasters (播客), and editors. One connection led to an invitation to be on a podcast. Another introduced me to a writing group. None of that was on the original goal list. But all of it made my life better. This is the underrated gift of goals — new relationships, new skills, new insights. These happy side effects are often more rewarding than the original achievement. Should You Set Goals? Absolutely. Just don’t make them your identity. Be bold enough to dream, but humble enough to adapt. Be focused enough to move forward, but flexible enough to enjoy the challenges. Because the goal isn't the destination. The goal is the invitation. It invites you to live with intention. 1．What is the problem with our culture’s addiction to goals? A．Goals are irrelevant to personal success. B．Goals should be pursued without distractions. C．Only grand goals are worth pursuing. D．Focusing solely on goals reduces happiness. 2．What does the author mean by “holding goals lightly”? A．Approaching goals with flexibility. B．Setting achievable goals only. C．Dismissing goals as unimportant. D．Prioritizing outcomes over the process. 3．How did the author find his book journey? A．Stressful. B．Demanding. C．Awkward. D．Rewarding. 4．What advice does the author give about setting goals? A．Set goals and stick to them. B．Dream big but remain adaptable. C．Face challenges and learn from them. D．Stay ambitious but be open to change. 15.（2026·河北省唐山市玉田县爱英才联考高三上学期开学）In my daily life, friends will share their latest attempts to feel better: a quiet place that promises to rewire their nervous system, and an emotional detox (排毒) that makes them feel relaxed. But do they actually have the effects they claim to have? The world is increasingly fast. The pace of modern life leaves little space to feel, let alone feel okay. So we reach for whatever promises a moment's relief from the chaos. But the more I listen, the more I notice something we rarely name: We've started treating emotional well-being like a luxury product. Not a state of mind. Not a birthright. But a purchase. Therefore, the global wellness industry is mushrooming. But what it's really selling isn't vitamin cocktails or mindfulness courses or customized getaways. It's a story. A story we've all internalized, whether we realize it or not. It begins by convincing us that the world is too much to handle. The constant sense of urgency, the sense that we're always falling behind, and the endless created lives online—calm, focused, in control—leave us feeling unable to control our lives. In such an environment, we'll definitely seek relief when we're overwhelmed. Psychologists call this the affective forecasting error. This is the tendency to overestimate how much a future action or purchase will improve our emotional state. We believe the next thing will finally make us feel okay. But the calm never lasts, so we keep searching for more. And in the process, we lose touch with something vital: the belief that we are capable of holding our own emotions. So, the real work is not to chase a cure but to remember what we already know: That feeling okay is a fragile (易碎的) and human thing. It's not something we build with better tools but something we touch in unguarded moments. And maybe the basic act of all is to accept that sometimes we won't feel okay. And no product, service, or practice will change that. That is part of what it means to be wholly human. 1．Why does the author mention his friends' attempts? A．To present the topic. B．To list ways to feel better. C．To show the results of a study. D．To compare friends' preferences. 2．Why does the wellness industry grow so fast? A．People prioritize physical health. B．People view well-being as a human right. C．People are eager to try innovations in health. D．People struggle to handle modern pressures. 3．What is an example of “affective forecasting error”? A．Seeking lasting inner peace. B．Planning ahead for future life. C．Trying a free app for occasional relaxation. D．Believing a new phone guarantees lasting happiness. 4．What does the author advise people to do when they feel pressured? A．Turn to psychologists for help. B．Accept them as they are. C．Equip themselves with better tools. D．Pursue wholeness as a human. 16.（2026·河北省保定市部分高中高三上学期开学）Social media is a huge part of modern teenage life, offering amazing connection but also risking mental health. While some praise its power to build communities and encourage self-expression, its negative effects are too serious to ignore, requiring us to seriously rethink its role. On the one hand, social media provides a vital space for young people, especially those from marginalized (边缘化的) groups, to find support and share experiences. It makes it easier to access information and learn about different views. For many, it is also an important outlet for creativity, which can build confidence and a sense of belonging. The ability to keep friendships with people far away is another clear benefit. However, the negative impacts often seem greater. The main danger is the “perfect life” often shown online. Seeing endless perfect images and lifestyles fuels social comparison, leading to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression. The constant chase for “likes” makes a person’s self-worth depend on public approval, creating huge pressure. Furthermore, cyberbullying (网络欺凌) can cause deep and lasting psychological harm. Sleep problems from late-night scrolling and the addictive design of the apps worsen these issues, harming emotional control during key stages of growth. Therefore, while social media’s power to connect is clear, its current design is a serious threat to youth mental health. The platforms are built to maximize engagement, often at the cost of well-being, making social pressures and unrealistic expectations worse. The proven increase in anxiety and depression among heavy users highlights this crisis. Acknowledging the benefits is not enough; we must actively reduce the harm. This means teaching young users the skills to navigate (浏览) the digital world safely and healthily, so they don’t become victims of its darker side. 1．What is mentioned as a positive function of social media? A．Offering identity exploration spaces. B．Reducing sleep quality significantly. C．Increasing face-to-face interactions. D．Removing social barriers completely. 2．Why does the author mention the chase for “likes”? A．To show it builds self-esteem. B．To highlight its motivational role. C．To criticize its link to self-worth. D．To suggest removing all feedback. 3．What does the text imply about platform design? A．It prioritizes user privacy. B．It seeks engagement over well-being. C．It focuses on educational goals. D．It is designed by mental health experts. 4．Which title best summarizes the text? A．A Guide to Safe Internet Use B．The Rise of Digital Communities C．How to Build Confidence Online D．Social Media: A Double-Edged Sword for Teens 17.（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三上学期8月开学）Anyone who has taken a standardized test knows that writing an essay in 20 minutes or less takes serious brain power. Having access to artificial intelligence (AI) would certainly lighten the mental load. But as a recent study by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) suggests, that help may come at a cost. Over the course of a series of essay-writing sessions, students working with as well as without an AI chatbot had their brain activity measured. Across the board, the AI users exhibited markedly lower brain activity in areas associated with creative functions and attention. Whether AI will leave people’s brains weak in the long term remains an open question. Researchers behind this study have stressed that further work is needed to establish a definitive causal link between elevated AI use and weakened brains. After all, the study had a tiny sample size and focused on a single narrow task. Moreover, generative-AI tools clearly seek to lighten people’s mental loads, as many other technologies do. Concerns about this kind of offloading aren’t new. As long ago as the 5th century BC, Socrates was quoted as complaining that writing is not “a potion(神药) for remembering, but for reminding”. Calculators spare cashiers from computing a bill. Navigation apps remove the need for map-reading. And yet few would argue that people are less capable as a result. There is little evidence to suggest that letting machines handle users’ mental tasks alters the brain’s capacity for thinking. But the worry is that generative AI allows one to offload a thought process. And once the brain has developed a taste for offloading, it can be a hard habit to kick. As one user put it, “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” The technology is so young that, for many tasks, the human brain is still the sharpest tool in the toolkit. But in time both the consumers of AI and its regulators will have to assess whether its wider benefits outweigh any cognitive (认知) costs. If stronger evidence emerges that AI makes people less intelligent, will they care? 1．What does paragraph 3 emphasize about the MIT study? A．The procedures it followed. B．The limitations in its design. C．The conclusion it has drawn. D．The diversity among its participants. 2．According to Socrates, what negative consequence could writing have? A．People would avoid using reminders. B．People would stop thinking independently. C．People would rely less on their own memory. D．People would care less about the spoken word. 3．What point does the user’s remark in paragraph 5 illustrate? A．AI can change users’ mental capacity. B．AI is not widely available to the public. C．AI can encourage users’ mental laziness. D．AI is not capable of solving every problem. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Will AI Make You Stupid? B．How AI Lets You Offload Tasks C．Why AI Affects Your Thinking Abilities D．Is AI a Mental Shortcut You Can Easily Quit? 18.（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三上学期8月开学考试）When you see someone absorbed in a highbrow novel on the train or posing with a philosophical volume on social media, you shouldn’t automatically assume they are reading the book. It’s known as “performative reading” as the “reader” wants “everyone to know” they read, wrote Alaina Demopoulos in The Guardian. They’re signalling they have the “taste and attention span” to “pick up a physical book”. The phenomenon has its roots in 2021, when a boom in book clubs led by celebrities along with “BookTok”, the section of TikTok dedicated to promoting and discussing commercial fiction, turned favoured books into a “trend-driven accessory”, said Sarah Manavis in The New Statesman. BookTok is seen as performative, with “trendy books” going viral not because of the “quality of the literature” but because it suggests an “increasingly fashionable, intellectual-looking style”. And when reading becomes a competition, with “countless users showing off” about having read more than 35 books in a single month, supposedly, quality takes a backseat to “demonstrating yourself to be a voracious ‘reader’.” Social posturing through books isn’t new. What is new is the “uniquely unapologetic” way social media “rubber-stamps” the idea of books as “an accessory, rather than an art”. And there’s a danger it could lead to publishers focusing their efforts on books that are “feed-friendly”. But the inconvenient truth is that the virality of literature has led to an uptick in book sales. In 2023, 669 million physical books were sold, the highest overall level ever recorded, along with an increase of visits to UK libraries. One of life’s “simplest pleasures” remains “falling into a story” and “tuning the world out”, without “worrying about what someone’s going to think of you”, said Demopoulos. Enjoy the story. Many people are still doing exactly that, so rather than “finger-wagging” about performative reading, next time you see someone with a book at a coffee shop or the park, just leave them alone, because “this is not for you”, they’re simply “enjoying the moment”. 1．Why do some people engage in performative reading? A．To popularize book clubs. B．To promote reading habits. C．To improve their social image. D．To stress the importance of literature. 2．What does the underlined word “voracious” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Slow. B．Eager. C．Selective. D．Occasional. 3．What risk does turning books into accessories create? A．Online reading could take over. B．Physical book sales will decline. C．Book clubs may become exclusive. D．Meaningful content might get sidelined. 4．According to Demopoulos, those who read in public should be . A．urged to read privately B．guided to select better materials C．discouraged from posting online D．respected without direct intervention 19.（2026·福建省福州市高三上学期第一次质量检测）Can you tell fact from fiction online? In a digital world, few questions are more challenging than fighting misinformation. As an education researcher and former high school history teacher, I know that history class can stimulate critical thinking — but only if teachers and schools understand what it really means. Some might consider critical thinking an ability that teachers can encourage. Or they might be referring to specific skills — for instance, that students should learn a set of steps to take to assess information online. Cognitive (认知的) scientists see critical thinking as a specific kind of reasoning that involves problem-solving and making sound judgments. It can be learned, but it relies on specific content knowledge. Since context is key to critical thinking, learning to analyze information about current events likely requires knowledge about politics and history, as well as practice at tracing sources. Fortunately, that is what social studies classes are for. Social studies researchers often describe this kind of critical thinking as “historical thinking”: a way to evaluate evidence about the past and assess its reliability. In social studies classroom students can make relatively quick progress on some of the surface features of historical thinking, such as learning to check a text’s date and author. Social studies classrooms can also build what researchers call “civic online reasoning.” Fact-checking is complex. It is not enough to tell young people that they should be careful online, or to trust sites that end in “.org” instead of “.com.” Rather than learning general principles about online media, civic online reasonin$ 考点4 阅读理解—议论文 温馨提示： 本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题 1. 高考真题考点分布 年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类 2025 全国I卷 人与社会 城市交通问题 北京卷 人与社会 能否延长看屏幕时间的争论 2024 新高考I卷 人与社会 纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果 北京卷 人与社会 讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的 浙江卷1月 人与自然 加拿大Alberta防雹千预计划之争 2023 全国乙卷 人与社会 物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 2022 全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展中面临的问题 北京卷 人与社会 量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？ 天津卷 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记文章涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。 2．从命题思路上看： 文章通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非的方法，来论证某种观点正确与否，肯定或否定某种主张。即提出问题(引论)--分析问题(本论)一一解决问题(结论)”。常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、情感态度题等题型。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比，这一部分要注意作者选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。 议论文结构特点 写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为 写法二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题 写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。 高考备考，重点练阅读。因为阅读是纲，纲举目张。阅读量 + 词汇量 = 高考英语前途无量。要做到精读泛读相结合。每天读5篇，高考一百三。具体来说，可以每天精读2篇，读懂每一句话，并完成文后的问答题；泛读3篇，材料要相对容易一些，但要有长度。泛读的方法是只求知道内容，不记单词或漂亮句子，也不做短文后的习题。 【命题预测】 预计2026年议论文有可能考。复习过程中要熟练掌握议论文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对议论文阅读试题。 【必备基础知识】 一、【语篇特点】 特点： 议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。 议论文的阅读方法： 1. 抓论点、寻论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 2. 重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大体的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： (1)“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的过程。 (2)“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 议 论 文 文 章 类 型 演绎论证议论文 是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。 归纳论证议论文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。 比较论证议论文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。 命题 要点 由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度，因此，命题时常考察其观点态度以及根据文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。 二、【解题策略】 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。 做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。 考点一 议论文中的主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。 【常考类型】 题型1 段落大意题 每个段落都有一个中心思想,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。没有给出明显的主题句时,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意 题型2 文章大意题 考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的归纳概括能力 题型3 标题归纳题 概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子 (2024新课标I卷C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】A 第一步 读文章,概括文意： 第一段:引入关于BMF的话题; 第二段:简单介绍BMF的概念;第三段:介绍BMF的原理及优点; 第四段:BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境; 第五段:介绍 BMF员工的环保意识。 第二步 析选项,斟酌判断： A BMF的主要优势 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理 无中生有,生搬硬套 C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有,生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步 对比选项得出答案A。 （2026·山东省济南市高三上学期开学）Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). Seabed-mining companies promote them as “a battery in a rock” and “the easiest way to solve climate change.” They claim that those nodules can provide metals for 4.8 billion electric vehicles. Yet this promise threatens a biological treasure. Marine (海洋的) biologists reveal the CCZ shelters over 5,000 unique species in the darkness. The extensive mining of cobalt may lead to the loss of biodiversity. A company claimed to have found a solution to minimize the damage to the ecology and has already trialed a 25-ton collector robot designed to harvest these nodules. However, a 2023 study shows it can cause permanent destruction in the area. Commercial mining is not yet permitted in international waters. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is still determining how, and under what conditions, mining should be allowed. After 28 years of debate, its 168 member states still lack formal agreement. While companies advocate using nodule-collecting robots, 437 scientists from 44 countries demand an immediate stop.ISA studies confirm that just 10% mining of the CCZ may wipe out 50% of its species. Nor is it certain that cobalt mining will even be all that important in car-battery technology. Many battery companies are trying to recycle cobalt from spent batteries. In March, several major European carmakers jointly stated that they would not buy any metals produced from deep-sea mining before the environmental risks are “completely understood”. Meanwhile, several Chinese electric vehicle producers have already made the switch, recycling up to 95% of metals from used batteries. “Why rush to mine the ocean for metals becoming outdated?” said battery expert Gavin Harper. On June 8, 21 marine scientists from 8 universities finished a six-week research in the CCZ and packed up seafloor samples to take back to their labs for further analysis. “An assessment of the mining’s impact will take years of research,” says Andrew from Edinburgh. “I’m trying to get the best environmental data. And then it’s up to society to make the decision to go ahead.” 8．Why are the nodules called “a battery in a rock”? A．They contain valuable metals. B．They have recharging qualities. C．They own battery-like structures. D．They generate renewable power. 9．What can be inferred about the ISA? A．It prioritizes economic interests. B．It is guarded about seabed mining. C．It opposes commercial operations. D．It requires more technical support. 10．What does the author want to illustrate in Paragraph 4? A．Deep-sea mining meets demands. B．Carmakers reuse battery materials. C．Battery recycling needs promoting. D．Seabed mining for cobalt can wait. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Marine Mining, a Green Solution B．Cobalt, the Future of Batteries C．Ocean Metals, an Ocean Risk? D．CCZ, the Treasure Unknown? 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了海底多金属结核开采的利弊及争议。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). Seabed-mining companies promote them as “a battery in a rock” and “the easiest way to solve climate change.” They claim that those nodules can provide metals for 4.8 billion electric vehicles.(太平洋底部坐落着克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带，那里蕴藏着数百亿颗富含钴的多金属结核。海底采矿公司将它们宣传为“岩石中的电池”和“解决气候变化的最简单方法”。他们声称，这些结核可以为48亿辆电动汽车提供金属。)”可知，这些结核被称为“岩石中的电池”是因为它们含有有价值的金属。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is still determining how, and under what conditions, mining should be allowed. After 28 years of debate, its 168 member states still lack formal agreement.(国际海底管理局（ISA）仍在确定如何以及在什么条件下允许采矿。经过28年的辩论，其168个成员国仍未达成正式协议。)”可知，关于采矿，ISA仍未达成正式协议，由此可推断，它对海底采矿持谨慎态度。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nor is it certain that cobalt mining will even be all that important in car-battery technology. Many battery companies are trying to recycle cobalt from spent batteries. In March, several major European carmakers jointly stated that they would not buy any metals produced from deep-sea mining before the environmental risks are “completely understood”. Meanwhile, several Chinese electric vehicle producers have already made the switch, recycling up to 95% of metals from used batteries. (钴开采在汽车电池技术中是否真的那么重要也不确定。许多电池公司正试图从废旧电池中回收钴。今年3月，几家欧洲主要汽车制造商联合声明，在“完全了解”环境风险之前，他们不会购买任何深海采矿生产的金属。与此同时，几家中国电动汽车生产商已经做出了改变，从废旧电池中回收了高达95%的金属。)”可知，作者想在第四段说明的是深海钴开采可以等待。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Beneath the Pacific lies the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), where tens of billions of polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) are packed with cobalt (钴). (太平洋底部坐落着克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带，那里蕴藏着数百亿颗富含钴的多金属结核。)”以及第二段中“Yet this promise threatens a biological treasure. Marine (海洋的) biologists reveal the CCZ shelters over 5,000 unique species in the darkness. The extensive mining of cobalt may lead to the loss of biodiversity.(然而，这一承诺威胁着生物宝藏。海洋生物学家揭示，CCZ在黑暗中庇护着5000多种独特的物种。钴的广泛开采可能导致生物多样性的丧失。)”以及最后一段中““An assessment of the mining’s impact will take years of research,” says Andrew from Edinburgh. “I’m trying to get the best environmental data. And then it’s up to society to make the decision to go ahead.”(“评估采矿的影响需要多年的研究，”爱丁堡的安德鲁说。“我正在努力获取最好的环境数据。然后由社会来决定是否继续进行。”)”可知，文章主要讨论了多金属结核开采的利弊及争议，由此可知，C选项“Ocean Metals, an Ocean Risk?(海洋金属，海洋风险？)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 考点二 考查议论文中的推理判断题 1.推断题特征 推断题要求学生在理解文章表面信息的基础上，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者态度，理解文章的寓意等。推断题是议论文中出现频率最高、难度最大的题目。推断题常常考查写作目的、作者意图、结论推断或者文章出处推断等。常见的题目如下： ①From the example in paragraph...， we can infer that____________. ②Whats the purpose of the text？ ③Whats the attitude of the author towards...？ 2.推断题的解题策略 ①立足议论文中明确的客观信息，挖掘内在的逻辑关系，合理地进行推断。 ②全面分析所有相关信息，避免片面性，做到判断有据，推理有据，忠于原文。 ③不可用主观臆断来代替文中作者的观点，不能用事实代替推理，不能用具体代替抽象，不能用现象代替实质。 ④要特别注意表现作者感情、态度、观点的语句。 ⑤“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。 ⑥选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。 （2024年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【篇章结构】 段落 功能 关键词句 Para.1 提出问题 "Is comprehension the same...?" 双重疑问句引发思考 Para.2-3 对比论证 "When reading texts of several hundred words..., learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. " Para.4 理论深化 "shallowing hypothesis" 解释心理机制 Para.5 延伸对比 "Audio and video...but remember less" 扩大讨论维度 Para.6 结论建议 "educators shouldn’t assume..." 提出辩证解决方案 【长难句分析】 1. 【原句】The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 【译文】当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 【句子结构分析】本句中when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。 2.【原句】 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 【翻译】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 【句子结构分析】suited to social media 作后置定语修饰mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语approach 和devote。 3.【原句】However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 【因为】然而，在需要精神集中和反思的学习中，为了最大化学习效果，教育工作者不应假设所有媒介都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。 【句子结构分析】 主句: ... educators shouldn’t assume [all media are the same]；宾语从句: (that) all media are the same (省略 that) ；目的状语: for maximizing learning ... (介词短语 for... 表目的)；where mental focus and reflection are called for` (定语从句修饰 learning，相当于 in which)； 让步状语从句: even when they contain identical words (even when 引导) 【解析】 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 命题意图：检验关键理论的理解与匹配能力，要求准确识别“shallowing hypothesis”的定义。 原文定位：第四段“数字阅读心态娱乐化，认知投入减少”。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 命题意图：考察对作者隐含观点的推理能力，需综合结尾段辩证结论提炼核心立场。 原文关键句：“数字资源需与传统阅读互补，但深度学习仍需纸质媒介”。 （2026·湖南省长沙市雨花区长沙市雅礼中学高三月考）The story of The Emperor’s New Clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have pursued costly projects favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. Individuals from varied backgrounds approach problems differently. It is not merely about electing people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. In today’s complex world, cooperation is crucial for breakthroughs. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are produced by teams rather than individuals. Since 1975, team-based patents have dominated across all categories in the United States. There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are arrogant. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers — maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone less senior. This freedom to speak without fear of punishment is known as “psychological safety.” Syed cites a Google study identifying it as the most important factor behind effective teamwork. For example, during brainstorming, allowing anonymous idea submission helps reduce the influence of seniority and encourages honest feedback. 12．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．argue children’s wisdom over adults B．confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fables C．introduce the problem of fear to express truth in groups D．make fun of the foolishness of the emperor and his courtiers 13．What kind of people are “hidebound”? A．Those opposing team activities. B．Those trapped in a fixed mindset. C．Those overly focusing on others’ behavior. D．Those challenging traditional ways of thinking. 14．What does the author suggest a company do as to assembling an effective team? A．Select people from diverse cognitive backgrounds. B．Employ graduates from the same top university. C．Appoint senior managers to pose strict control. D．Hire people in line with the chief executive. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Cognitive Diversity: Daring to Differ B．Junior Managers: Making Better Leaders C．The Emperor’s New Clothes: Lying to Obey D．The Google Study: Unlocking Psychological Safety 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章借《皇帝的新装》引出问题，论述团队需认知多样性与心理安全以应对问题。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“The story of The Emperor’s New Clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.(《皇帝的新装》是安徒生最广为人知的寓言故事之一。骗子哄骗皇帝，让他相信自己为他们制作了一套极为华美的衣服，而那些不称职的人将无法看到这套衣服。侍从们不敢说皇帝其实一丝不挂，最后是一个孩子指出了这个显而易见的事实。)”以及第二段“The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have pursued costly projects favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts?(这个故事传达的寓意是，人们常常深受社会传统的束缚，不敢表达自己的观点。有多少公司在首席执行官青睐成本高昂的项目时，即便其他经理心存疑虑，却仍一意孤行地推进呢？)”可知，第一段通过《皇帝的新装》的故事引出在群体中因恐惧而不敢表达真相的问题。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views.(这个故事传达的寓意是，人们常常深受社会传统的束缚，不敢表达自己的观点。)”可知，受社会传统束缚的人，即那些陷入固定思维模式的人。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.(Matthew Syed在其著作《叛逆思想：多元思维的力量》中指出，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”，换句话说，就是组建一个由具有不同观点和知识背景的人组成的团队。)”可知，作者建议公司从不同的认知背景中挑选人员来组建有效的团队。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“In his book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.(Matthew Syed在其著作《叛逆思想：多元思维的力量》中指出，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”，换句话说，就是组建一个由具有不同观点和知识背景的人组成的团队。)”可知，文章主要围绕组建有效团队需要认知多样性展开，鼓励人们敢于提出不同观点。所以“Cognitive Diversity: Daring to Differ(认知多样性：敢于不同)”可以作为文章标题。故选A。 考点三 考查议论文中的细节理解题 1.细节题的特征 这类题目一般难度不大，以表层理解为主，多数情况下是直接信息题，主要考查学生在快速阅读文章的同时从中获取某些特定信息的能力。它们往往以what、which、who、when、where、how来提问，有时还会加上一个前提。 2.细节题的解题策略 在处理细节题时，要做到又快又准。快：快速发现题干关键词，再运用略读和跳读的技巧在文中迅速定位。准：解题时要抓准关键词，要注意选项与原文的细微差别，在准确理解细节的情况下，确定最佳答案。 3.细节题的解题关键、 准确识别选项和题干改写过程中的，同义句表达是解题关键。常用的方法：1.采用同义词手段改写；2.采用正话反说的方法改写；3.采用虚拟语气进行改写；4.采用同义句式方式改写。 1.　(2025全国一卷阅读C篇片段) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. … 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 【答案】C 【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词phenomenon，point out，paragraph 1。 第二步：根据关键词定位到第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。walk less and drive more= there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead，高度概括。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 2.(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇片段) … Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. … 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 【答案】A 【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词audio and video, increasingly used by university teachers。 第二步：根据关键词定位到第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。feel more engaging= hold students’ attention，同义替换。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 （2026·江苏省部分学校高三上学期8月联考）Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center released data showing that 55% of people get their news from social media. In a follow-up study, they found that these people are more likely to see misinformation. When that misinformation is about science, it contributes to the growing mistrust individuals have towards science. We, as scientists, need to do our best to correct this misinformation. However, we are mostly stuck behind our lab desks due to the pressure to publish papers. When we occasionally do approach the public, we often don't do a great job communicating in ways nonscientists can understand. Most of us have not been trained to communicate or teach the lay audience. We use complicated words and phrases and a lot of jargon (术语) . We may focus on tiny details that the general public doesn't need to understand. Other times we forget that the people we are talking to are human, with complicated lives and emotions. Just like us. They deserve our attention and respect. This causes the public to rely on other sources for their scientific information, often the aforementioned social media. Today we are seeing the consequences of this. Large percentages of people believe that infectious diseases are not real and that vaccines (疫苗) are dangerous. This distrust in science has gone from a mere inconvenience to now being an issue that endangers public health and safety. Distrust in science also endangers our funding. When the public puts less value in science, there is less public support for tax dollars going to funding for research. So, what can we do to address these issues? People trust those they know and interact with. We need to interact with the public more. During these interactions, we should choose our words carefully. We need to cut out as much jargon as possible. Sometimes it may be necessary, but then we must be clear and explain the terms we use. To help people understand and remember concepts, we can use stories and images to illustrate our main points. Most people can remember a story someone told, or a striking image shared. 1．What concern does the author raise based on the Pew study? A．Declining public curiosity about science. B．Spread of false scientific information. C．Scientists’ limited time for lab work. D．Difficulty in publishing research. 2．What does the underlined word “lay” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Unprofessional. B．Overnumbered. C．Misinformed. D．Undereducated. 3．What results from the public's disbelief in science? A．Increased public support for research funding. B．Reduced reality of infectious diseases. C．An increased risk for wellness threats. D．Inconvenient access to scientific findings. 4．What does the author urge scientists to focus on? A．More public talks without altering jargon. B．Releasing more scientific work. C．Avoiding social media platforms. D．Making science more understandable. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨社交媒体传播科学虚假信息的问题，及科学家应如何改善科普方式以重建公众信任。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center released data showing that 55% of people get their news from social media. In a follow-up study, they found that these people are more likely to see misinformation. When that misinformation is about science, it contributes to the growing mistrust individuals have towards science. (今年早些时候，皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）发布的数据显示，55% 的人通过社交媒体获取新闻。在一项后续研究中，研究人员发现，这类人群更有可能接触到虚假信息。而当这些虚假信息涉及科学领域时，便会加剧人们对科学日益增长的不信任感。)”可知，作者基于皮尤研究提出的担忧是“科学虚假信息的传播”。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Most of us have not been trained to communicate or teach the lay audience. We use complicated words and phrases and a lot of jargon (术语). (我们大多数人都没有接受过向lay观众沟通或讲解的培训，我们会使用复杂的词汇、短语和大量术语。)”可知，“lay audience”是科学家需要用“复杂术语”沟通的对象，且科学家缺乏向其科普的培训，由此可推断“lay”意为“非专业的”（即不具备科学专业知识的普通大众）。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This distrust in science has gone from a mere inconvenience to now being an issue that endangers public health and safety. (这种对科学的不信任已从单纯的不便，演变为如今威胁公众健康与安全的问题。)”可知，公众对科学的不信任导致“健康安全风险增加”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need to cut out as much jargon as possible. Sometimes it may be necessary, but then we must be clear and explain the terms we use. To help people understand and remember concepts, we can use stories and images to illustrate our main points (我们需要尽可能减少术语的使用。有时术语或许难以避免，但这种情况下，我们必须清晰地解释所使用的术语含义。为了帮助人们理解并记住相关概念，我们可以通过故事和图像来阐释核心观点)”可知，作者呼吁科学家通过“减少术语、用通俗方式（故事、图像）科普”，让科学更易被公众理解。故选D项。 考点四 考查议论文中的词义猜测题 词义推断题 1.词义推断题的特征 议论文的生词较多，容易出现词义推断题。这类题目不仅考查学生的英语知识水平，更重要的是考查学生通过上下文提示，灵活应用英语知识的能力。它们常以“The underlined word “...” means...、The meaning of the underlined word... is ____________ .”等表达来设问。 2.词义推断题的解题技巧 ①通过上下文来推断词义。利用上下文的逻辑关系和句法结构来猜测词义。 ②通过构词法来推断词义。这要求考生在平时的学习中注意掌握一些常见的前缀和后缀。 1.（2024年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. …… 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 2.　(2023·全国乙卷D篇片段) …… In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. 【答案】 B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 （2026·福建省漳州市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测）We become bored if something fails to absorb our attention, or when we perceive it as meaningless. This is not to say that something needs to be both engaging and meaningful to keep us interested: doing sudoku might be absorbing but relatively meaningless, while reading a Peppa Pig bedtime story for the 500th time is not engaging but may nonetheless feel like a meaningful thing to do. In any case, when boredom strikes it should serve as a reminder to do something more engaging or meaningful. If you don’t react appropriately to your boredom, you may find yourself becoming chronically (长期) bored. That is associated with a range of problems, including depression, anxiety, poor life satisfaction and so on. There is statistical evidence to suggest that chronic boredom is becoming more common, and that this commonness consists with the rise of smartphones. Why might digital media have this effect? Research has shown that the main reason we pick up our phones or check our socials is to relieve boredom, but that the behavior actually worsens it. Digital devices may hold our attention for a while, but much of what we do online doesn’t feel meaningful. It’s incredibly easy to plan to look at your phone for just five minutes and resurface two hours later with a stranger’s holiday plans or the latest entertainment news. Phones’ effectiveness at throwing us into shallow stimulation blocks us from important self-reflection like “Why am I feeling this?” or “What do I need that I’m not getting?” If we pause and listen, then perhaps we can make a choice rather than being controlled by software engineers. Next time boredom strikes, don’t try to assuage it instantly and ask ourselves: are we in search of pure entertainment or something more purposeful, an opportunity to connect with friends or our community or something different, something new? The people who choose to embrace (拥抱) boredom, at least for a while, may actually experience less of it. It could even be the first step towards a life that feels more stimulating overall: meaningful, creative and free. 1．How does the author clarify his view in the first paragraph? A．By defining concepts. B．By giving examples. C．By raising assumptions. D．By analyzing data. 2．What can be inferred about boredom? A．It is easy to overcome. B．It signals a need for change. C．It is caused by digital devices D．It always indicates mental illness. 3．What does the underlined word “assuage” in the last paragraph mean? A．Identify. B．Judge. C．Use. D．Relieve. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Should we embrace boredom? B．Why should we cut digital device use? C．What is the root of boredom? D．Can we balance boredom and digital life? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了无聊感的成因、影响及应对方式。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This is not to say that something needs to be both engaging and meaningful to keep us interested:doing sudoku might be absorbing but relatively meaningless, while reading a Peppa Pig bedtime story for the 500th time is not engaging but may nonetheless feel like a meaningful thing to do.(这并不是说某件事物必须既引人入胜又有意义才能让我们保持兴趣：做数独可能很吸引人，但相对没有意义，而第500次读《小猪佩奇》的睡前故事可能并不吸引人，但可能仍然觉得这是一件有意义的事情。)”可知，作者通过列举做数独和读《小猪佩奇》睡前故事这两个例子来阐明自己的观点。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In any case, when boredom strikes it should serve as a reminder to do something more engaging or meaningful.(无论如何，当无聊来袭时，它应该提醒我们做一些更有吸引力或更有意义的事情。)”可知，无聊的出现提醒我们做一些更有吸引力或更有意义的事情，即它暗示着我们需要做出改变。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Next time boredom strikes, don’t try to assuage it instantly and ask ourselves: are we in search of pure entertainment or something more purposeful, an opportunity to connect with friends or our community or something different, something new?(下次无聊来袭时，不要试图立刻assuage它，问问自己：我们是在寻找纯粹的娱乐，还是更有目的的东西，一个与朋友或社区联系的机会，或者别的东西，新的东西？)”及后文“embrace boredom（接纳无聊）”的对比可推知，assuage与“缓解”相关。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“The people who choose to embrace (拥抱) boredom, at least for a while, may actually experience less of it. It could even be the first step towards a life that feels more stimulating overall: meaningful, creative and free.(那些选择至少在一段时间内拥抱无聊的人，实际上可能会经历更少的无聊。这甚至可能是迈向一种整体上感觉更刺激的生活——有意义、有创造力和自由的生活——的第一步。)”结合全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了无聊以及我们是否应该拥抱无聊，所以A项“Should we embrace boredom?（我们应该接受无聊吗？）”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （最新模拟试题演练） 1.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈尔滨市第三中学校高三上学期9月月考）Standing on the lakeshore, my gaze drifts down to the tens-even hundreds of thousands of-small stones scattered around my boots, and I can't help but pause in wonder. Each was created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1, 000 years ago. And much like a rock, I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I'm not a rock. I'm a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA． Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: "Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don't like it either, but let's all do what we can." But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching, understanding both sides. I've been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others' eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another's point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 24．What does the author compare the rocks to? A．Challenges that we come across. B．Our abilities that grows with time. C．People with varied personalities. D．Different stages of people's lives. 25．What does the underlined phrase "the waters of life" in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to? A．The passing time that changes a person's attitude to himself. B．The difficult experiences that the author encountered in his life. C．The natural phenomena like rain and waves that wear down rocks. D．The various life events that shape the author's perspective on others. 26．What caused the argument in the restaurant? A．The guy's failing to obey the rules. B．The owner's inappropriate attitude. C．Misunderstanding between the two sides. D．Lack of clarity in the sign. 27．What does the author try to convey through this text? A．We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C．Don't compromise easily and always stick to your principles. D．Being adaptive and understanding brings a sense of well-being. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过湖边石头从棱角分明到圆润光滑的变化，类比人生成长，探讨学会理解他人、调整自我的重要性。 24．细节理解题。根据第三段“Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. (即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一座像一千年前那么高。和这些岩石很像，我发现我的态度软化了，而随着每过一年，我也更渴望能去更好地了解他人) ”以及根据第八段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.(把圆润的石头和棱角分明的石头放进罐子里，前者能装下更多。圆润的石头会想办法调整自身、为同类腾出空间；而棱角分明的石头，却绝不会退让分毫来包容他人)”可知，作者将“圆润的石头”和“棱角分明的石头”分别比作“懂得包容的人”和 “固执不愿妥协的人”，即“不同性格的人”。故选C项。 25．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的 “after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together(历经数十年 “生命之水” 的冲刷，我的棱角变得柔和，也更懂得理解他人。我不再轻易评判，更愿意思考如何与他人共处）可知，“the waters of life” 指 “塑造作者对他人看法的各种人生经历”—— 正是这些经历让作者从 “爱评判” 变得 “善理解”。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. (两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求一个不遵守规定的人离开。他的态度既不强硬，也不粗鲁。门上写着：“请戴上口罩进入我们的餐厅。我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们一起尽己所能。”但那家伙试图就这条规定进行争吵。)”，从中可知，这次餐馆的争吵原因是这个人未能遵守规则。故选A项 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. (圆的石头比棱角分明的石头更容易装进罐子里。前者想办法调整自己，为他人腾出空间；后者从不让步迁就别人。时间就像水流冲刷着尖锐的石头，冲走我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们）”可知，作者通过本文传达的应是“具备适应能力且懂得体谅他人，能让人收获幸福感。”。故选D项。 2.（2026·江苏省如皋中学高三上学期测试一）Chocolate is a popular snack, but the price of it continues to rise. Cocoa from the cacao tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to increasing aridity — a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe, threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers. Over the past 30 years, more than three-quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier. This dryness is a long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods. Aridity arises from human-driven factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land use, and natural resource degradation. Climate change, primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, increases global temperatures, accelerating evaporation (蒸发) and heightening water shortage — even in regions with moderate rainfall. Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade soils, removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients. In cocoa-producing regions, deforestation upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil. Degraded soils hold less water, deepening drought conditions. Cocoa is just one crop at risk. Major agricultural zones are also affected. By 2100, up to 5 billion people may live in dry lands, stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration. Aridity also threatens ecosystems. Wildlife struggles to adapt, and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive. Economic losses are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. Governments face additional burdens from sandstorms, wildfires, and water shortages. While aridity’s effects are severe, they are not entirely changeless. Restoring degraded lands, improving soil health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity. As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa, addressing aridity is a matter of urgency. Beyond saving chocolate, it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life. 8．What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate? A．The decline of cocoa production. B．The high cost of basic ingredients. C．The increasing demand for chocolate. D．The shortage of cocoa tree plantations. 9．What do we know about aridity? A．It is mainly caused by natural factors. B．It only affects cocoa-producing regions. C．It has a wide-ranging impact on various aspects. D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted. 10．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa. B．To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity. C．To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity. D．To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy. 11．Which of the following can fight against aridity? A．Cutting off water supplies. B．Replacing renewable energy. C．Promoting soil conservation. D．Practicing industrial farming. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并导致巧克力价格上涨。但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地修复，可持续农业，资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措施。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“… the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to increasing aridity—a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe, threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.(……可可树在温暖潮湿的气候中生长旺盛，但由于土地逐渐变得干旱，它们的生长状况正面临困境。这一问题波及全球的生产者，威胁着可可的产量以及农民的生计。)”可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“This dryness is a long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.(这种干旱是一种长期的转变，对生态系统、农业和生计造成灾难性后果。)”可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态、农业、经济等多方面。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Economic losses are overwhelming—Africa saw a 12%GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. (经济损失极为严重——自1990年至2015年，非洲的国内生产总值下降了 12%，原因是干旱加剧。)”可知，导致非洲的国内生产总值下降的原因之一是干旱加剧，由此推知，作者以非洲为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Restoring degraded lands, improving soil health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.(恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量以及采用可持续的耕作方式都有助于缓解干旱问题。有效的水资源管理、对可再生能源的投资以及国际间的合作对于对抗干旱至关重要。)”可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式有恢复退化的土地，改善土壤质量，采用可持续的耕作方式，进行有效的水资源管理，对可再生能源投资以及国际合作。因此可知，选项C“Promoting soil conservation.(促进土壤保护。)”是对抗干旱的措施。故选C项。 3.（2026·四川省德阳天立高级中学高三上学期第一次月考）Do you love Beats headphones, True Religion jeans, and UGG shoes? These are some of the most popular brands (牌子) around. They are also expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands. For example, Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. So why do people pay twice or even 10 times as much for the hottest brands? Experts say it’s because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say “I belong” or “I can afford it.” Some people think that expensive brand names are worth the price. They say that some designer clothes really are top quality and that they last longer than cheaper brands. Some teenagers choose to wear popular brands because these brands make them feel good about themselves. Alexandra Allam, 17, likes to buy brand-name products. “I’d rather spend the extra money to get something I know I’ll be satisfied with,” she says. Her friend Emmy Swan agrees, saying “As long as you can afford it, it seems reasonable to buy what you want.” But not all teenagers agree. “Spending hundreds of dollars for designer sunglasses is stupid and unreasonable,” says Daniel Steinbrecher, 16. “It’s fake (假的) happiness.” People who are against wearing expensive brand names say that many designer brands aren’t any better. “It’s wasteful to buy things just because they are popular,” says Edmund Williams, 15. “You’ll feel better if you buy things because you like them. If you have extra money to spend, it would be better to give it to people in need.” 8．The example of Jim’s report wants to tell us _____. A．popular brands make people comfortable B．Koss Pro headphones are better than Beats C．the hottest brands are of the highest quality D．lesser-known brands may offer the same quality as name brands 9．According to experts, people choose the hottest brands probably _____. A．to show off B．for their better quality C．for their better designs D．to belong to a special group 10．What does Edmund think of expensive brands? A．They are not worth the price. B．They make him feel confident. C．They need to improve their quality. D．They pay too much attention to personal likes. 11．The text is mainly about _____. A．how to buy things reasonably B．the competition between brands C．the different values of teenagers D．whether expensive brands are worth high prices 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了昂贵的品牌到底值不值这一话题。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Jim Wilcox works for Consumer Reports. He tested all kinds of headphones. He says that $80 Koss Pro headphones provide basically the same quality and comfort as Beats. (Jim Wilcox就职于《消费者报告》。他测试了各种耳机。他说，80美元的科斯Pro耳机提供的品质和舒适度基本与Beats一样)”可知，吉姆的报告中的例子告诉我们廉价的耳机也可以提供与知名品牌耳机相同的品质和舒适度，由此推知，不太知名的品牌也可能提供与知名品牌相同的品质。故选D。 9．推理推断题。根据第三段的“Experts say it’s because fashionable, expensive brands send a message. Brands say ‘I belong’ or ‘I can afford it.’”(专家表示，这是因为时尚、昂贵的品牌传递了一种信息。品牌会说“我属于”或“我买得起”)”可推知，人们选择最热门的品牌是为了表明自己的与众不同，出于炫耀心理，故选A。 10．推理推断题。根据最后一段Edmund所说的“It’s wasteful to buy things just because they are popular, (仅仅因为某样东西流行就去买是一种浪费)” 可推知，Edmund认为昂贵品牌并不值那个价，故选A。 11．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出本文要谈论的话题“They are also expensive. But some experts say they are not much better than cheaper brands.(它们也很贵。但一些专家表示，它们并不比便宜的品牌好多少)”，随后文章从正反两面对此进行了讨论，由此推知，文章主要是讨论了昂贵的品牌到底值不值这一话题。故选D。 4.（2026·贵州省贵阳市高三上学期8月摸底）Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation (骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 28．Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A．The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B．The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C．The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D．The chef had to have the author eating alone. 29．What caused women to fight against the policies? A．They wanted to have separate rooms. B．They were not treated equally as men. C．They hoped to manage those restaurants. D．They were inspired by previous protests. 30．What does the author think of women dining alone? A．It requires more public attention. B．It prevents women from the world. C．It needs bravery and encouragement. D．It raises awareness of women’s right. 31．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B．Should Women Embrace Privacy? C．Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D．Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了女性独自用餐时遭遇的特殊对待，回顾女性为争取平等用餐权利的抗争，并表达女性独自用餐无需同情、实则关乎自主权的观点。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness.(当晚工作的厨师看到我，过来表示她很遗憾，在她看来，我当晚是被抛弃了。我还没来得及纠正她，她就给了我一份额外的甜点，以慰藉我的“悲伤”)”可知，厨师误以为作者被抛弃而独自用餐，出于同情给了作者甜点。故选C项。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies.(进入20世纪，女性若没有男性陪同，在酒吧或酒店餐厅可能会被拒绝提供服务。变革来得很缓慢。一些餐厅仍维持着各种形式的“仅限男性”政策)”可知，女性因受到与男性不平等的对待（无男性陪同被拒服务、面临仅限男性的政策），才发起抗争反对这些不公平政策。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy.(独自用餐有望对抗这种世界观，并拓展社会对女性自主权的认知)”可知，作者认为女性独自用餐能够提升人们对女性自主权（属于女性权利范畴）的认知，即唤起对女性权利的意识。故选D项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. (独自用餐的女性会得到他人的同情，甚至免费的香槟。但女性的正常生活状态，本就无需同情，也无需刻意称赞)”以及下文介绍的作者自身经历、女性争取平等用餐权利的历史及对女性独自用餐的看法可知，本文主要探讨的是“女性独自用餐是否值得同情”这一话题。由此可知，“Dining Alone: a Pity for Women?(独自用餐：女性值得同情吗？)”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 5.（2026·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三上学期开学）The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. Professor Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future. He compared the potential problem of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago. Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat,” he writes. Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. That does raise the question: If temperatures do rise really quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly reasonable.” However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.” 32．How do mammals cope with climate change according to Brusatte? A．Moving to colder regions. B．Reducing their body size. C．Losing their weight. D．Adapting their diet. 33．What does the underlined word “dissipation” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission. 34．What is Adrian Lister’s attitude towards the recent study? A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving. 35．What is the best title of this text? A．The Threat of Climate Change to Human Survival B．The Impact of Climate Change on Mammal Body Sizes C．The Evolutionary Trends in Mammal Body Sizes D．The Adaptive Strategies of Mammals to Climate Change 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. (一位著名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。)”及第四段中“Brusatte said that becoming smaller was ‘a common way that mammals deal with climate change’. ( Brusatte说，变小是“哺乳动物应对气候变化的一种常见方式”。)”可知，根据Brusatte的说法，哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。故选B项。 33．词句猜测题。根据划线词句前文“Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. (在《哺乳动物的兴起和统治》一书中，Brusatte指出，当今世界上温暖地区的动物通常比寒冷地区的动物要小，这是一个被称为Bergmann法则的生态原则。)”和划线词句中“The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than bigger animals (原因尚不完全清楚，但可能在一定程度上是因为比较起更大的动物，较小的动物相对于其体积有更高的表面积)”可知，体型较小的动物比体型较大的动物更容易散热，从而推知划线部分“and can thus improve the dissipation of the extra heat (从而可以提高额外热量的dissipation)”其中划线部分意思是“散发”。故选D项。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak.(然而，并不是所有的专家都认为气温升高会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的Adrian Lister教授说，最近的人类遗骸研究显示的这种关系很弱。)”以及“That is not happening in today’s world.(这在今天的世界是不会发生的。)”等内容可知，Adrian Lister对最近的研究持怀疑态度。故选C项。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said. (一位著名化石专家表示，气候危机可能会导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。)”可知，本文探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。B“气候变化对哺乳动物体型的影响”符合主题，故选B项。 6.（2026·山东省高三上学期开学联考）Despite the convenience brought by the social network, the issue of cyberbully has become so widespread that many individuals now hesitate to engage in online interactions. By next year, a significant portion of online communication will involve some form of harassment (骚扰). We are finally acknowledging the gravity of this issue by supporting and developing a variety of initiatives, platforms, and strategies aimed at preventing cyberbullies from causing harm. Unfortunately, our efforts might be insufficient and too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely accessible, cyberbullies will have adopted more complex strategies. In the near future, it won’t just be the messages you see on your screen that will be questionable. Soon you will also doubt the authenticity of the profiles you encounter. This is due to the spreading of advanced identity manipulation (操纵) and automation technologies that are becoming increasingly accessible. These advancements are likely to fuel our current struggles with cyberbully. The reason cyberbully is so harmful is not just its frequency but also its personal nature. A decade of social media use has resulted in a situation where cyberbullies can easily access personal details and use them harmfully. Armed with this information, they can carry out targeted campaigns to harassment individuals. For instance, a cyberbully could create a fake profile that appears to be a friend and send messages that seem supportive, tricking victims into revealing personal information or engaging in harmful behavior. Since cyberbullies seek power, vulnerable (易受攻击的) individuals, especially children, will be the most severely affected. Much of online interaction is based on trust and mutual respect. Identity manipulation technologies may erode this foundation gradually. We need to address the vulnerability of our online communities. Social media platforms and users must cooperate to establish methods for confirming and communicating authenticity. This could involve developing a standardized system to authenticate user profiles, indicating their reliability and origins, or transitioning away from text-based communication and towards video-based interactions—using platforms that can be linked to confirmed identities. Trust is hard to build but easy to destroy, and the challenge of maintaining a safe online environment is only going to intensify. 32．What’s the author’s attitude towards our response to cyberbully? A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed. 33．What does the underlined word “erode” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Damage. B．Strengthen. C．Preserve. D．Restore. 34．What can we infer from the text? A．Honesty is the best policy. B．Technologies can be double-edged. C．There are more solutions than problems. D．Face to face communication is key to trust. 35．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Unknown Power behind Cyberbully B．How Cyberbully Is Affecting Technology C．Where the Problem of Cyberbully Is Rooted D．The Increasingly Severe Threat of Cyberbully 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络欺凌问题的严重性及其对在线互动的负面影响，指出随着身份操纵和自动化技术的传播，网络欺凌将变得更加复杂和难以防范。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We are finally acknowledging the gravity of this issue by supporting and developing a variety of initiatives, platforms, and strategies aimed at preventing cyberbullies from causing harm.(我们终于认识到了这个问题的严重性，并开始支持和开发各种计划、平台和策略，以防止网络恶霸造成伤害)”以及第二段中“Unfortunately, our efforts might be insufficient and too late.(不幸的是，我们的努力可能不够，而且为时已晚)”可知，作者认为我们的努力可能不足且为时已晚，由此可推断出作者对我们的应对措施感到失望。故选D项。 33．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Since cyberbullies seek power, vulnerable (易受攻击的) individuals, especially children, will be the most severely affected. Much of online interaction is based on trust and mutual respect.(由于网络恶霸寻求权力，脆弱的个体，尤其是儿童，将受到最严重的影响。许多在线互动都是基于信任和相互尊重)”以及“Identity manipulation technologies may erode this foundation gradually.(身份操纵技术可能会逐渐……这一基础)”可知，网络欺凌会影响在线互动的信任和相互尊重基础，而身份操纵技术会进一步影响这种信任，由此可推知，此处指身份操纵技术可能会逐渐“破坏”这一基础，故erode意为“破坏”，与A项“Damage”意思相近。故选A项。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This is due to the spreading of advanced identity manipulation (操纵) and automation technologies that are becoming increasingly accessible.(这是由于先进的身份操纵和自动化技术的传播，这些技术越来越容易获得)”以及第三段中“These advancements are likely to fuel our current struggles with cyberbully.(这些进步可能会加剧我们目前与网络欺凌的斗争)”可知，技术既带来了便利，也加剧了网络欺凌的问题，由此可推断出，技术可能具有两面性，是一把双刃剑。故选B项。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Despite the convenience brought by the social network, the issue of cyberbully has become so widespread that many individuals now hesitate to engage in online interactions.(尽管社交网络带来了便利，但网络欺凌问题已经变得如此普遍，以至于许多人现在对参与在线互动犹豫不决)”以及第二段中“By the time these “solutions” become widely accessible, cyberbullies will have adopted more complex strategies.(当这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，网络恶霸将采用更复杂的策略)”可知，文章主要讨论了网络欺凌问题的日益严重性及其对在线互动的负面影响，故D项“网络欺凌日益严重的威胁”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 7.（2026·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三上学期开学联考）Are you a logical thinker, or would you say that you’re more free-spirited and artistic? If you’re the former, somebody’s probably told you at some point that you’re a left-brained person, and if you’re the latter, right-brained. The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant is widespread in popular psychology. However, this idea is a fiction. Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of hemispheric (脑半球的) dominance. Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a highly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained or a left-brained person? If there’s no evidence for the fiction of right-brained and left-brained people, why do so many people accept it? Perhaps it just makes intuitive (直觉的) sense that people’s brains would be dominant on one side or the other just as their hands, feet, or eyes are. It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that allows us to sort ourselves (and our friends) into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics. When people are offered general descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive. The “insights” they generate are both universal and congenial. After all, who would reject a description of themselves as “artistic and creative” or “reasonable and analytical”? The fiction is popular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our favorite subject — ourselves. 32．Which is a common belief about people’s individual characteristics? A．A logical thinker is right-brained. B．Our right brain and left brain work the same. C．The right half of the brain is the analytical half. D．The dominant half of brain determines one’s characteristics. 33．Why does the author mention mathematics in paragraph 2? A．To show that math is a logical subject. B．To argue that creativity is irrelevant in analytical thinking. C．To prove that left-brained people are better at problem-solving. D．To prove personality and talent differences aren’t due to hemispheric dominance. 34．Why do many people believe in the left-brain/ right-brain theory? A．This theory is widespread and popular. B．Scientific studies have confirmed its accuracy. C．It provides a way for them to sort personalities. D．Brain imaging technology has shown clear hemispheric differences. 35．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Why Left-Brained People Are Smarter? B．The Science of Math: Left or Right Brain? C．The Truth Behind Hemispheric Dominance D．Ways to Develop Both Logical and Creative Thinking 【答案】32．D 33．D 34．C 35．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要驳斥了关于左脑型人和右脑型人这种流行观念，并解释了为什么人们会相信这一观念。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant is widespread in popular psychology. (右脑是创造半球、左脑是分析半球，且我们的个人性格由占主导地位的半球决定，这一观点在大众心理学中广泛流传。)”可知，关于个人性格的普遍看法是“大脑中占主导地位的半球决定人的性格”。故选D项。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a highly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained or a left-brained person? (例如，数学需要逻辑思维，因此通常被认为与左脑有关。但数学除了是逻辑性的，还涉及高度的创造性努力。那么，一个有天赋的数学家是右脑主导还是左脑主导呢？)”可知，作者提及数学是为了举例说明：数学既需左脑关联的逻辑思维，也需右脑关联的创造性，从而证明性格和天赋差异并非由脑半球主导性决定。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that allows us to sort ourselves (and our friends) into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics. (这也可能与我们看似无限的“分类欲望”有关——我们希望根据自己（和朋友）的情感和智力特征，将自己归入不同的“类型”。)”可知，人们相信左右脑理论，是因为它为人们提供了一种划分性格类型的方式。故选C项。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical (分析的) half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant is widespread in popular psychology. However, this idea is a fiction. (右脑是创造半球、左脑是分析半球，且我们的个人性格由占主导地位的半球决定，这一观点在大众心理学中广泛流传。然而，这一观点是虚构的。)”以及下文通过脑成像研究和数学案例，证明该观点无科学依据，并分析人们相信该观点的原因可知，文章围绕“大脑半球主导性决定性格”这一观点展开，先指出其为虚构，再用研究证明无证据支持，最后分析人们相信它的原因，核心是揭示该观点的真相，因此“脑半球主导性背后的真相”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 1.（2026·重庆市实验外国语学校高三上学期9月月考）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 11．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 12．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 13．Which of the following white lies may Dr. Breur support? A．A student claims his homework was left at home. B．An employee blames traffic jam for being late. C．A Dad tells his son their lost pet is living happily on a farm. D．A nurse says she has to work overtime so as to decline an invitation. 14．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before Telling White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．Tell White Lies to Show Your Sympathy 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过两位心理学家的观点，探讨善意的谎言的普遍性及其双重影响，最终强调需根据情境权衡诚实与善意的平衡。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中Barbara Greenberg所说的话“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies (我遇到的大多数人都会说这些善意的小谎言)”可知，Barbara Greenberg认为大多数人会说善意的谎言，即它们具有普遍性。故选D项。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. (事实是，不说真话会让你不愉快；这不仅仅关乎被告知善意谎言的人)”可知，善意的谎言可能会既伤害说谎者，也伤害听者。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段中Breur博士所说的话“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity (所以，当我们看到一位母亲清楚地看到她的女儿长胖了，她说你看起来很好，这是可以接受的。它反映了善意的谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。否则，善意的谎言——尤其是为了逃避个人责任的谎言——会引发人与人之间不信任的循环，最终损害诚信)”可知，Breur博士认为善意的谎言是否可以接受取决于其意图，“一位父亲告诉儿子，他们丢失的宠物在农场里快乐地生活着”是出于善意、保护和无条件的爱，与母亲夸赞长胖女儿的动机一致，是Breur博士会支持的善意的谎言。故选C项。 14．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说出诚实的事实是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，给出一个更微妙的回应。通常情况下，你需要在两者之间找到平衡)”可知，文章围绕善意的谎言展开，通过两位心理学家的观点，探讨善意的谎言的普遍性及其双重影响，最终强调需根据情境权衡诚实与善意的平衡。因此，B项“说善意的谎言前要三思”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 2.（2026·湖北省荆州市高三上学期开学起点考试）When you’re a child, making friends does not require too much effort. Still, as much as I love children, I know that they can be very mean creatures. I know it first-hand, and as the sister to an adolescent girl, I am reminded of it often. But with shared routines and mostly innocent oblivion (遗忘), having the opportunity to make friends is presented to us all the way through our formative years. And somewhere along the way, if we’re lucky, we can make really good friends, who when we reach adulthood, start to feel like old friends. From old friends we learn how much we grow. They’re the people who’ve usually witnessed everything from our major accomplishments to our insignificant mistakes, to the moments we’re least proud of. They told us to do better and sometimes they forced us to do better. And we know that if we’re happy with who we’ve become, they played a role in that process. There is a freedom that comes with old friends that newer friendships can sometimes fail to bring. There are no impressions to be made with people who know you well. There are few filters (过滤) to send your thoughts through as you engage in conversation. There is a great comfort that comes with knowing that a friend has loved you for a long time, and continues to love you anyway. With old friends there is often great laughter about the shared history of your pasts. And in your youth, pasts are often filled with many playful instants but also careless choices. There is a serious recollection of the difficult periods that you have been through. There is an understanding of how you came to be who you came to be. With old friends, you realise true friendships are difficult to create and to hold onto. And the profound gratitude that you have for having a friend long enough to call them an “old friend”, feels wonderful. 23．What does the author try to stress about children’s friendship? A．Selfishness. B．Innocence. C．Complexity. D．Meaninglessness. 24．How do “old friends” interact according to paragraph 4? A．Communicate with natural ease. B．Choose their topics with great care. C．Attempt to maintain a positive image. D．Joke about their past errors frequently. 25．Who best fits the author’s description of an “old friend”? A．A family member cheering you up. B．A teenager knowing your achievements. C．A playmate sharing similar routines with you. D．A fellow accompanying you through your growth. 26．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To propose building children’s friendship. B．To emphasise the value of lifelong friendship. C．To contrast childhood and adulthood friendship. D．To analyse how to maintain significant friendship. 【答案】23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比儿童交友的轻松与成年后老友的珍贵，强调了老友在见证成长、提供无拘无束交流及深厚情感支持方面的独特价值。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When you’re a child, making friends does not require too much effort. Still, as much as I love children, I know that they can be very mean creatures.(当你还是个孩子的时候，交朋友不需要太多努力。尽管如此，尽管我很爱孩子，但我知道他们可能是非常刻薄的生物)”可推知，作者认为儿童交友虽轻松但也可能复杂（因孩子可能刻薄）。故选C项。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There are no impressions to be made with people who know you well. There are few filters (过滤) to send your thoughts through as you engage in conversation. (在和熟悉你的人相处时，你不需要刻意给人留下印象。在交谈时，你的想法几乎不需要过滤)”可知，和老友相处时交流自然轻松。故选A项。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“From old friends we learn how much we grow. They’re the people who’ve usually witnessed everything from our major accomplishments to our insignificant mistakes, to the moments we’re least proud of. (从老友让我们看清自己的成长轨迹。他们往往是那些见证过我们所有重要成就、微小过失以及最不愿回首时刻的人)”可知，作者说老友见证了所有重要成就、微小过失以及最不愿回首时刻的人，所以老友是陪伴你成长的人。故选D项。 26．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第五段中“With old friends there is often great laughter about the shared history of your pasts. And in your youth, pasts are often filled with many playful instants but also careless choices. There is a serious recollection of the difficult periods that you have been through. There is an understanding of how you came to be who you came to be.(与老友相聚时，常会因往事而开怀大笑。青春岁月里的过往，既充斥着许多嬉戏的瞬间，也少不了轻率的选择。你们会认真追忆共同经历的艰难时光，也会真正理解彼此是如何成长为今日的模样)”和根据最后一段中“With old friends, you realise true friendships are difficult to create and to hold onto. And the profound gratitude that you have for having a friend long enough to call them an “old friend”, feels wonderful. (有了老朋友，你会意识到真正的友谊是很难建立和维系的。你会对拥有一个足够长时间的朋友而心怀深深的感激，称他们为“老朋友”，这种感觉真是太棒了)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过对比儿童交友的轻松与成年后老友的珍贵，强调了老友在见证成长、提供无拘无束交流及深厚情感支持方面的独特价值，即强调了终身友谊的价值。故选B项。 3.（2026·陕西省宝鸡市某校高三上学期第一次质检）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100% honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Juli a Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation,” Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize dung psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity, she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 31．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are embarrassing. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common in people’s life. 32．What does Dr. Breur want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to everyone we met truthfully. C．Telling white lies is sometimes good for medical treatment. D．The “all is good” response is perfect in dealing with patients. 33．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in Paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 34．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best. B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies. C．No White Lies, No Kindness. D．Believing in White Lies Makes Life Beautiful. 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨善意谎言的作用、潜在危害及需结合情境把握使用尺度的观点。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100% honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. (康涅狄格州的临床心理学家芭芭拉·格林伯格说：“我遇到的大多数人都会说这些善意的小谎言，因为他们明白一直保持100%的诚实并没有好处”。她解释说，善意的谎言能让人们避免不必要的伤害。”)”可知，芭芭拉·格林伯格提到“大多数人都会说善意的小谎言”，由此可推断善意谎言在人们的生活中很常见。故选D项。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. (与此同时，佛罗里达州的婚姻和家庭治疗师Julia Breur博士强调了关注我们回应他人的重要性。事实是，不说实话会让你感到不愉快；不仅仅是谎言的对象感到不愉快。)”可知，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. (布鲁尔博士说：“我在心理治疗过程中向病人强调，情境有助于定义意义。因此，当我们结合情境来看，母亲明明看到女儿体重增加了，却还说她看起来很棒，这是可以接受的。这体现了善意谎言的初衷——善意、保护和无条件的爱”)”可知，布鲁尔博士认为这位母亲的做法是可以接受的，态度是支持的。故选C项。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。通常情况下，这是关于在两者之间找到平衡。)”可知，本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 4.（2026·湖北省湖北省部分市州高三上学期9月调研一模）In the digital era, where social media floods with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure from empty digital interactions. While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 35．What does Lina do on social media? A．She only posts artworks. B．She shares life but skips deep chats. C．She never replies to comments. D．She focuses on building deep online bonds. 36．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now? A．A center for deep relationships. B．A platform for personal display. C．A tool to seek frequent interactions. D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties. 37．What can we infer about “light socializing”? A．It encourages safe online engagement. B．It makes young people emotionally cold. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes. D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health. 38．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 【答案】35．B 36．B 37．A 38．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以26岁的杭州插画师Lina为例，阐述了在数字时代，年轻人在社交媒体上呈现出“轻社交”的趋势，即注重自我表达而非深度情感联系，这种趋势反映了年轻人对心理健康的守护，是一种有前瞻性和深思熟虑的现代社交互动方式。 35．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram上发布艺术作品和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”可知，Lina在社交媒体上分享生活，但避免深度聊天。故选B项。 36．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”可知，根据李敏的说法，社交媒体现在已经成为年轻人个人展示的平台。故选B项。 37．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement.(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求)”可知，轻社交不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求。由此推知，“轻社交”鼓励安全的在线参与。故选A项。 38．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits.(她经常在Instagram上发布艺术作品和旅行照片，但很少回复评论或参与私人对话。“我喜欢分享我生活中的片段，但与陌生人建立深厚的联系在情感上让人筋疲力尽，”她承认)”、第二段“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation(社会学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展关系的中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台)”、以及最后一段“In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more autonomous online engagement(在一个被数字联系紧密束缚的世界里，轻社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是对社会关系的拒绝，而是对更健康、更自主的在线参与的明智追求)”可知，本文主要讨论了年轻人在社交媒体上选择“轻社交”的方式，在数字连接紧密的世界中，保持一定的数字距离，以平衡自我表达和隐私保护，所以B项“Keep the Digital Distance(保持数字距离)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 5.（2026·江苏省高淳高级中学月考）At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women. This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year. And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts. But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated. When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. 42．How much of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables has been canceled by the growth? A．Less than half B．About two-thirds C．More than three quarters D．Nearly 90 percent 43．Why does the author believe declining birth rates should be celebrated? A．They immediately reduce carbon emissions B．They reflect gender equality progress and reduce Earth’s burden C．They solve pension system challenges completely D．They make green technology investments unnecessary 44．The author mentions “mining operations in Africa” primarily to: ________. A．Highlight the global cooperation needed for green technology B．Expose the hidden environmental costs of renewable energy expansion C．Advocate for better working conditions in developing countries D．Compare energy production methods between continents 45．The author’s attitude toward “green technology” as a solution can best be described as: A．Strongly supportive B．Completely neutral C．Skeptical and critical D．Cautiously optimistic 【答案】42．C 43．B 44．B 45．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕人口增长、出生率下降以及“绿色技术”等话题展开讨论，核心观点是出生率下降是积极趋势，不应被视为危机，同时对“绿色技术”能否解决人口增长带来的环境等问题持怀疑批判态度。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In fact, increased emissions from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. (事实上，在过去三十年里，人口增长带来的额外排放，已经抵消了通过提高能效和使用可再生能源所节省的超过四分之三的排放。)”可知，被抵消的排放量占比超过四分之三，故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. (事实上，出生率下降值得庆祝，因为这标志着性别平等的进步，也减轻了地球的负担。)”可知作者认为庆祝出生率下降的原因是它们反映了性别平等的进步，减轻了地球的负担，故选B。 44．推理判断题。文章第五段的核心观点是“But ‘green’ technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. (但是绿色技术并非宣传的那样是解决方案。)”随后通过三个维度论证该观点：①需要大量化石燃料投资；②需要大规模采矿作业 (非洲的采矿作业是具体例证，且提到其“破坏对类人猿生存至关重要的雨林 )；③需要比化石燃料电厂多10倍的土地。由此可见，作者提到“非洲的采矿作业”，是为了具体说明绿色技术扩张背后隐藏的环境成本，故选B。 45．推理判断题。文章第五段开篇即明确否定绿色技术的宣传效果：“But ‘green’ technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. (但是绿色技术并非宣传的那样是解决方案。)”随后通过“需要化石燃料投资”“破坏雨林”“占用更多土地”三个具体问题，进一步批判绿色技术的局限性。表明作者对绿色技术作为解决方案的态度是怀疑的且批判的，故选C。 6.When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They said it sounded like "a lot of noise". At the same time, my father regularly described the music that he liked as "beautiful". As it turns out, my father is not alone. As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard people my age say, "Today’s music is terrible." Why do many old people just dislike new music? The mere exposure effect may explain this. It means the more familiar we are with something, the more likely we are to prefer it. When we are in our early teens, we usually spend a lot of time listening to music and discussing it with our friends. The songs and artists that are popular during this time become familiar to us. After we turn 30 years old, working and raising a family take up most of our time. Instead of discovering new music, we listen to old favorites that connect us to a simpler time. Studies show that by the time they turn 33 years old, most people have completely stopped exploring new music. But I think there is another explanation for why older people don’t like new music. Most popular music, after all, is not written for them. It is made for young people. Punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal, and many other types of music began as youthful rebellions (叛逆) against out-of-date ways of doing things. They naturally attract younger audiences. Do your parents hate the music you like, too? Now, after reading this article, you know that there is nothing wrong with that. Choose the best answer. 50．When the author was a teenager, his parents described the music he liked as “_________”. A．beautiful B．noisy C．ordinary D．out-of-date 51．As the author grows older, he realizes that_________. A．only his father dislikes new music. B．many old people dislike new music. C．many young people also dislike new music. D．today’s music has become worse and worse. 52．Which of the following charts correctly shows the mere exposure effect? A． B． C． D． 53．According to the article, what happens to most people’s music exploration habits by the age of 33? A．They start exploring different music styles more widely. B．They usually stop discovering new music. C．They prefer listening to music from other cultures. D．They frequently go to live concerts to find new music. 54．According to the article, why do modern music such as punk, rap, and heavy metal typically attract younger people rather than older ones? A．Young people usually have an open attitude towards new things and older individuals tend to be more traditional. B．These music styles often involve technical innovations, which younger people are more adaptable to. C．These music styles started as young people’s way of challenging old rules, making them more appealing to the youth. D．Young people can hear high sounds better, and these music styles have a lot of high sounds. 【答案】50．B 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨老年人不喜欢新音乐的原因，包括“单纯曝光效应”及新音乐多为年轻人创作的特点。 50．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They said it sounded like 'a lot of noise'. (在我十几岁的时候，父母对我喜欢的音乐毫无兴趣。他们说那听起来“像一堆噪音”。)可知，作者青少年时期，父母认为他喜欢的音乐“吵闹”。故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard people my age say, 'Today’s music is terrible.' Why do many old people just dislike new music? (随着年龄增长，我经常听到同龄人说：“现在的音乐太糟糕了。”为什么很多老年人就是不喜欢新音乐呢？)可知，作者长大后意识到“很多老年人不喜欢新音乐”。故选B项。 52．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The mere exposure effect may explain this. It means the more familiar we are with something, the more likely we are to prefer it. (“单纯曝光效应”或许能解释这一点。它指的是我们对某事物越熟悉，就越有可能喜欢上它。)可知，“单纯曝光效应”的核心是“熟悉度”与“偏好度”呈正相关——熟悉度越高，偏好度越高。符合这一正相关关系的图表为A选项（若选项A为“熟悉度上升，偏好度随之上升”的曲线/柱状图）。故选A项。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Studies show that by the time they turn 33 years old, most people have completely stopped exploring new music. (研究表明，大多数人到33岁时，就完全停止探索新音乐了。)可知，多数人到33岁时“通常停止发现新音乐”。故选B项。 54．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal, and many other types of music began as youthful rebellions (叛逆) against out-of-date ways of doing things. They naturally attract younger audiences. (朋克、说唱、嘻哈、重金属等多种音乐类型，最初都是年轻人对过时做法的叛逆表现。它们自然会吸引年轻听众。)”可知，这类音乐吸引年轻人是因为“它们起源于年轻人对旧规则的挑战，对年轻人更有吸引力”。故选C项。 7.（2026·湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研）Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory” (人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it, The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. We put something between ourselves and the world-a camera-instead of just being in the moment, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼)in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can do what our fragile meat-computers can’t: protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．We rely more on tools to memorize. B．We are burdened with phone numbers. C．Technology weakens our brains. D．Technology distances us from our friends. 2．What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Improved. B．Outperformed. C．Restricted. D．Undervalued. 3．What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A．An overflow of posts. B．High cost of digital devices. C．Addiction to the virtual world. D．Disregard for authentic experience. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Have faith in human brains. B．Take time to adapt to digital age. C．Quicken the pace of development. D．Make efforts to enhance memory. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍人们依赖手机等人工记忆工具，有人担忧社交媒体分享让人们忽视真实生活，但作者认为无需全盘否定，科技也能留存珍贵时刻。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you.(你没有理由把电话号码记在记忆里：它就在你的手机里。或者你曾经有一个电话簿来存储它们。在任何一种情况下，一个物体为你做记忆)”推知，我们更多地依赖工具进行记忆。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones.(人类大脑的存储能力从此eclipsed。因此，从图书馆到智能手机，我们越来越依赖人工记忆也就不足为奇了)”可知，我们越来越依靠人工记忆，其原因是我们大脑的储存能力已经被超越。由此猜测，划线词意为“超越”，与outperformed同义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them. (当我们致力于以这种方式捕捉和分享世界时，我们失去了一些极其宝贵的东西；当我们记录了这么多我们的生活，我们忘记了真正的生活)”可知，网上分享带来的负面影响是对真实体验的忽视。故选D。 4．推理判断题题。根据最后一段中“But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. (但这场由社交媒体推动的变革就完全是坏事吗？如果我们如今仍在以这种方式创造和分享回忆，或许是因为我们还没有足够的时间，去学会自然而然地做这些事。很容易忽略的一点是，大规模社交媒体时代至今还不到十年)”可知，大规模社交媒体时代时间不算太久，且人们还没有做到自然而然地去创造和分享回忆。由此推知，作者建议人们花时间去适应数字时代。故选B。 8.（2026·云南省昆明市第十二中学教育集团高三上学期开学检测）Years ago I spoke with a 16-year-old girl who was considering the idea of having a computer companion in the future, and she described the upside to me. It’s not that the robot she had imagined was so inspiring. It’s that she had already found people to be so disappointing. And now, for the first time, she explained to me, people have options. Back then I thought her comments seemed prescient (预见未来的). Now I find them timely.$