内容正文:
专题03 可数名词复数(期中复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Unit 3
可数名词复数
单项选择题
完形填空
短文填空
书面表达
1. 侧重“规则变化+主谓一致” 结合考查;
2. 强调“语境应用”,题干多为生活场景(购物、校园、家庭);
3. 高频考查“不规则变化辨析”;
4. 整体趋势:命题脱离孤立规则考查,更贴近真实交际(如点餐、描述物品数量),且增加“不规则变化与规则变化对比” 的区分度题目。
知识点01 可数名词复数的规则变化
(1)核心含义详解
可数名词复数的规则变化是指名词通过固定后缀(-s/-es)或拼写调整(如变y为i、变f为v)构成复数。
(2)基本用法表格
规则分类
具体规则
例词(单数→复数)
例题
一般情况
直接在名词词尾加 - s
book→books, pen→pens, desk→desks
—How many ______ (book) do you have?
—Five.
以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾
在词尾加 - es
bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches
My father has two ______ (watch). They are from his friends.
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 - es
city→cities, family→families, story→stories
There are many big ______ (city) in China.
以 “元音字母 + y” 结尾
直接加 - s
boy→boys, toy→toys, key→keys
I have three ______ (toy) cars. They are red.
以 f/fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 - es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves, wolf→wolves
—Where are the ______ (knife)? —They are on the table.
以 o 结尾(有生命)
加 - es
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes, hero→heroes
My mother buys some ______ (tomato) for dinner.
以 o 结尾(无生命)
加 - s
photo→photos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos
There are many nice ______ (photo) in my album.
(3)用法讲析
1.规则优先级:先判断名词词尾特征,再对应规则(如先看是否为 s/x/sh/ch,再看是否为 y/f/fe/o),避免 “一刀切” 错误(如看到以 o 结尾就加 - es,忽略无生命的情况)。
2.发音辅助记忆:-s 在清辅音(如 /k/, /p/)后读 /s/(books /bʊks/),在浊辅音(如 /b/, /d/)和元音后读 /z/(pens /penz/),-es 读 /ɪz/(buses /ˈbʌsɪz/),通过发音可验证拼写是否正确。
3.特殊情况补充:以 “o” 结尾的外来词(如 piano→pianos, kilo→kilos),虽无生命但按规则加 - s,需单独记忆(可归纳为 “钢琴(piano)、公斤(kilo)、照片(photo),无生命加 - s”)
解|题|技|巧
记忆口诀:
“名词复数有规则,一般词尾加 - s;s/x/sh/ch 后,es 加得没话说;辅音加 y 变 i,再加 es 别忘记;f/fe 变 v,es 跟在后头;o 结尾要留意,有生命 es,无生命 s。”
知识点02 可数名词复数的不规则变化
(1)核心理解
不规则变化是指不遵循 “加 - s/-es” 等固定规则,需特殊记忆的复数形式。
(2)基本用法表格
不规则变化类型
具体特征
例词(单数→复数)
例题
单复数同形
单数和复数形式完全相同,需结合数量词判断单复数
sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish(表数量), Chinese→Chinese
—How many ______ (sheep) are there on the farm? —About 50.
特殊变形(内部元音变)
改变单词内部元音字母,而非加后缀
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice
There are two ______ (man) teachers in our class.
特殊变形(加 - en)
词尾加 - en 构成复数
child→children, ox→oxen
The ______ (child) are playing games in the park.
集体名词(本身表复数)
单数形式但表达复数含义,谓语动词用原形
people(人们), police(警察), cattle(牛群)
The ______ (police) are helping the old man cross the road.
复数形式表特殊含义
单数表 “某类事物”,复数表 “不同种类”
fish→fishes(表种类), fruit→fruits(表种类)
There are many kinds of ______ (fish) in the river.
(3)用法讲析
1.单复数同形的判断:关键看前面的数量词(如 “a sheep” 单数,“three sheep” 复数),避免误写为 “sheeps”。
2.集体名词的注意点:“people” 表示 “人们” 时是复数,无单数形式;表示 “民族” 时是可数名词(a people→two peoples,如 “the Chinese people” 中华民族,“two peoples” 两个民族)。
3.fish 的特殊用法:表 “数量” 时单复数同形(I caught five fish),表 “种类” 时用 fishes(There are many fishes in the sea)。
类型
例词
提示
同形
sheep, deer, fish
“羊鹿鱼” 不变形
元音变
man→men, foot→feet
“男人脚” 变元音
加 - en
child→children
“孩子” 加 - en
集体复数
people, police
“人警” 本身是复数
知识点03 可数名词复数与主谓一致
(1)核心含义详解
主谓一致是指 “复数名词作主语时,谓语动词需用原形”(单数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)。
(2)基本用法
主语类型
谓语动词形式
例句
例题
复数名词(规则变化)
谓语动词用原形
The books are on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
These ______ (book) ______ (be) very interesting.
复数名词(不规则变化)
谓语动词用原形
The children like playing football.(孩子们喜欢踢足球。)
The sheep ______ (eat) grass every day.
集体名词(表复数)
谓语动词用原形
The police work hard.(警察工作很努力。)
The people in this village ______ (be) very kind.
单数名词(对比)
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
This book ______ (be) interesting.
(3)用法讲析
1.判断步骤:先确定主语是单数还是复数→再确定谓语动词形式(复数主语→原形,单数主语→三单)。例如:“The tomato is red.”(单数主语→is),“The tomatoes are red.”(复数主语→are)。
2.易错点提醒:单复数同形的名词(如 sheep)作主语时,需通过数量词或上下文判断单复数(如 “a sheep→is”,“two sheep→are”)。
3.集体名词特殊情况:“family”“class” 等集体名词,表 “整体” 时视为单数(The family is big.),表 “成员” 时视为复数(The family are watching TV.)。
解|题|技|巧
“主谓一致三步法”:
1.找主语:圈出句子中动作的发出者(如 “The books”);
2.判单复:判断主语是单数还是复数(“books” 是复数);
3.定谓语:复数主语→谓语原形,单数主语→三单(“books”→are)。
知识点04 可数名词复数与限定词的搭配
(1)核心含义详解
限定词是指修饰名词、表示数量或范围的词(如 some, many, a few 等),可数名词复数需与 “可修饰复数” 的限定词搭配,不能与 “只修饰单数” 的限定词(如 a, an)搭配。
(2)用法讲析
1.限定词与复数的搭配逻辑:“数量≥2” 的限定词(some, many, 数词)才能修饰复数,“数量 = 1” 的限定词(a, an, this, that)只能修饰单数。例如:“three books”(3 本,复数),“a book”(1 本,单数)。
3.much 与 many 的区分:much 修饰不可数名词(much milk),many 修饰可数名词复数(many books),河南中考短文改错常考 “much books” 这类错误。
解|题|技|巧
限定词搭配口诀:
“some/many/a few,复数名词跟着走;a/an/this/that,单数名词才够格;any 单复都能用,肯定 “任何” 否疑 “有”;much 只跟不可数,复数要用 many 救。”
知识点05 易错点点拨
易错点 01:主谓一致搭配错误
错误表现:
复数名词作主语时,谓语动词误用第三人称单数形式(如 “Books is interesting”);或单复数同形名词作主语时,误判单复数导致谓语错误(如 “One sheep are black”)
错误示例
1.误:These books is very useful.(复数主语 “books”→谓语用原形 are)
正:These books are very useful.
2.误:Three sheep is eating grass.(复数主语 “three sheep”→谓语用原形 eat)
正:Three sheep are eating grass.
3.误:The police is looking for the thief.(police 本身是复数→谓语用原形 look)
正:The police are looking for the thief.
点|拨|技|巧
“两步判主谓”:
1.找主语:确定句子中 “谁在做动作”(如 “These books”);
2.判单复:根据 “数量词” 或 “名词形式” 判断单复数(“these” 表复数,“three” 表复数,“police” 本身是复数);
3.定谓语:复数主语→谓语原形,单数主语→三单(如 “a book→is”,“two books→are”)。
例题:
The ______ (student) in our class ______ (like) English very much.
A. student; like B. students; likes C. students; like D. student; likes
易错点 02:限定词与复数名词搭配错误
错误表现:
用 “a/an/this/that” 修饰复数名词(如 “a books”),或用 “much” 修饰复数名词(如 “much pens”)。
错误示例
1.误:I have a books.(a 修饰单数,复数应用 “some/many”)
正:I have some books. / I have a book.
2.误:There is much pens on the desk.(much 修饰不可数,复数应用 “many”)
正:There are many pens on the desk.
3.误:This apples are sweet.(this 修饰单数,复数应用 “these”)
正:These apples are sweet.
点|拨|技|巧
“限定词搭配四不准”:
1.不准用 “a/an” 修饰复数(a books×→some books√);
2.不准用 “this/that” 修饰复数(this apples×→these apples√);
3.不准用 “much” 修饰复数(much pens×→many pens√);
4.不准用 “数词 + 单数”(two book×→two books√)。
例题:改正下列句子中的错误:
1.I buy an oranges for my mother._____________________________________
2.There are much flowers in the garden._____________________________________
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择(10 题)
1.There are three ______ on the desk.
A. pen B. pens C. penes D. pen’s
2.My sister has two ______. They are red.
A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. box’s
3.How many ______ are there in your school?
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacheres D. teacheres
4.I have five ______ in my bag.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife’s
5.There are some ______ on the farm.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep’s
6.My father likes eating ______.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoe
7.These ______ are very nice.
A. toy B. toys C. toyes D. toy’s
8.There are two ______ in the room.
A. man B. mans C. men D. mens
9.I have some ______ in my schoolbag.
A. book B. books C. bookes D. book’s
10.How many ______ do you have?
A. story B. storys C. stories D. story’s
二、语法填空
11.There are five ___________ (bus) at the station.
12.My mother buys some ___________ (potato) for dinner.
13.I have three ___________ (child) in my family.
14.These ___________ (watch) are very expensive.
15.There are many ___________ (city) in China.
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________.
A.chicken; vegetable B.chickens; vegetables
C.chicken; vegetables D.chickens; vegetable
2.We have ten ________.
A.knife B.knifes C.knifves D.knives
3. ________ there lots of ________on the hill?
A.Is; sheep B.Is; sheeps C.Are; cows D.Are; cow
4.—Do you like ________?
—Yes, I do. I like them very much.
A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.tomatoe
5.We should brush our ________ twice a day.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
6.The farmer keeps lots of ________ on his farm.
A.sheep B.chicken C.goose D.pandas
7.Look! Those ________ are eating ________.
A.child; apple B.children; apples C.childs; apples D.childrens; apple
二、完成句子
8.There is an apple on the table. (变成复数形式)
on the table.
9.This is the cook’s knife. (变为复数形式)
the cook’s .
10.This is my father. This is my mother. (合并一句)
.
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
一、规则变化类
1.There are many ______ in the park.
A. butterflys B. butterflies C. butterflyes D. butterfly
2.We need three ______ for the experiment.
A. potatos B. potatoes C. potato D. potatos
3.She bought two ______ at the store.
A. brushs B. brushes C. brushies D. brush
二、不规则变化类
4.The ______ are hiding behind the tree.
A. childs B. childrens C. children D. childes
5.Look! There are two ______ in the lake.
A. gooses B. geese C. goosies D. goose
6.The ______ are sharp. (tooth 的复数)
A. tooths B. teeths C. teeth D. toothes
三、单复数同形类
7.He caught five ______ yesterday.
A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. fishies
8.There are many ______ in the forest.
A. deers B. deer C. deeres D. deerie
四、易混不可数名词
9.Which is uncountable?
A. tomato B. milk C. apple D. chair
10."I need some ______ for the soup."
A. meats B. meat C. meates D. meaties
五、特殊变形类
11.The ______ are on the shelf.
A. knifes B. knives C. knifs D. knive
12.The ______ are falling in autumn.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leafes D. leafies
六、易错对比题
13.Which plural form is correct?
A. foots B. mouses C. women D. sheeps
14.Which noun changes its internal vowel? (内部元音变化)
A. book B. man C. pen D. dog
15.Correct the sentence:"There are three mouses in the kitchen."
→__________________________________________
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专题03 可数名词复数(期中复习讲义)
单元
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
Unit 3
可数名词复数
单项选择题
完形填空
短文填空
书面表达
1. 侧重“规则变化+主谓一致” 结合考查;
2. 强调“语境应用”,题干多为生活场景(购物、校园、家庭);
3. 高频考查“不规则变化辨析”;
4. 整体趋势:命题脱离孤立规则考查,更贴近真实交际(如点餐、描述物品数量),且增加“不规则变化与规则变化对比” 的区分度题目。
知识点01 可数名词复数的规则变化
(1)核心含义详解
可数名词复数的规则变化是指名词通过固定后缀(-s/-es)或拼写调整(如变y为i、变f为v)构成复数。
(2)基本用法表格
规则分类
具体规则
例词(单数→复数)
例题
一般情况
直接在名词词尾加 - s
book→books, pen→pens, desk→desks
—How many ______ (book) do you have?
—Five.(答案:books)
以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾
在词尾加 - es
bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches
My father has two ______ (watch). They are from his friends.
(答案:watches)
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 - es
city→cities, family→families, story→stories
There are many big ______ (city) in China.(答案:cities)
以 “元音字母 + y” 结尾
直接加 - s
boy→boys, toy→toys, key→keys
I have three ______ (toy) cars. They are red.(答案:toy)
以 f/fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v,再加 - es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves, wolf→wolves
—Where are the ______ (knife)? —They are on the table.
(答案:knives)
以 o 结尾(有生命)
加 - es
tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes, hero→heroes
My mother buys some ______ (tomato) for dinner.
(答案:tomatoes)
以 o 结尾(无生命)
加 - s
photo→photos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos
There are many nice ______ (photo) in my album.(答案:photos)
(3)用法讲析
1.规则优先级:先判断名词词尾特征,再对应规则(如先看是否为 s/x/sh/ch,再看是否为 y/f/fe/o),避免 “一刀切” 错误(如看到以 o 结尾就加 - es,忽略无生命的情况)。
2.发音辅助记忆:-s 在清辅音(如 /k/, /p/)后读 /s/(books /bʊks/),在浊辅音(如 /b/, /d/)和元音后读 /z/(pens /penz/),-es 读 /ɪz/(buses /ˈbʌsɪz/),通过发音可验证拼写是否正确。
3.特殊情况补充:以 “o” 结尾的外来词(如 piano→pianos, kilo→kilos),虽无生命但按规则加 - s,需单独记忆(可归纳为 “钢琴(piano)、公斤(kilo)、照片(photo),无生命加 - s”)
解|题|技|巧
记忆口诀:
“名词复数有规则,一般词尾加 - s;s/x/sh/ch 后,es 加得没话说;辅音加 y 变 i,再加 es 别忘记;f/fe 变 v,es 跟在后头;o 结尾要留意,有生命 es,无生命 s。”
知识点02 可数名词复数的不规则变化
(1)核心理解
不规则变化是指不遵循 “加 - s/-es” 等固定规则,需特殊记忆的复数形式。
(2)基本用法表格
不规则变化类型
具体特征
例词(单数→复数)
例题
单复数同形
单数和复数形式完全相同,需结合数量词判断单复数
sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish(表数量), Chinese→Chinese
—How many ______ (sheep) are there on the farm? —About 50.(答案:sheep)
特殊变形(内部元音变)
改变单词内部元音字母,而非加后缀
man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice
There are two ______ (man) teachers in our class.
(答案:men)
特殊变形(加 - en)
词尾加 - en 构成复数
child→children, ox→oxen
The ______ (child) are playing games in the park.(答案:children)
集体名词(本身表复数)
单数形式但表达复数含义,谓语动词用原形
people(人们), police(警察), cattle(牛群)
The ______ (police) are helping the old man cross the road.(答案:police)
复数形式表特殊含义
单数表 “某类事物”,复数表 “不同种类”
fish→fishes(表种类), fruit→fruits(表种类)
There are many kinds of ______ (fish) in the river.(答案:fishes)
(3)用法讲析
1.单复数同形的判断:关键看前面的数量词(如 “a sheep” 单数,“three sheep” 复数),避免误写为 “sheeps”。
2.集体名词的注意点:“people” 表示 “人们” 时是复数,无单数形式;表示 “民族” 时是可数名词(a people→two peoples,如 “the Chinese people” 中华民族,“two peoples” 两个民族)。
3.fish 的特殊用法:表 “数量” 时单复数同形(I caught five fish),表 “种类” 时用 fishes(There are many fishes in the sea)。
类型
例词
提示
同形
sheep, deer, fish
“羊鹿鱼” 不变形
元音变
man→men, foot→feet
“男人脚” 变元音
加 - en
child→children
“孩子” 加 - en
集体复数
people, police
“人警” 本身是复数
知识点03 可数名词复数与主谓一致
(1)核心含义详解
主谓一致是指 “复数名词作主语时,谓语动词需用原形”(单数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)。
(2)基本用法
主语类型
谓语动词形式
例句
例题
复数名词(规则变化)
谓语动词用原形
The books are on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
These ______ (book) ______ (be) very interesting.(答案:books; are)
复数名词(不规则变化)
谓语动词用原形
The children like playing football.(孩子们喜欢踢足球。)
The sheep ______ (eat) grass every day.(答案:eat)
集体名词(表复数)
谓语动词用原形
The police work hard.(警察工作很努力。)
The people in this village ______ (be) very kind.(答案:are)
单数名词(对比)
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
This book ______ (be) interesting.(答案:is)
(3)用法讲析
1.判断步骤:先确定主语是单数还是复数→再确定谓语动词形式(复数主语→原形,单数主语→三单)。例如:“The tomato is red.”(单数主语→is),“The tomatoes are red.”(复数主语→are)。
2.易错点提醒:单复数同形的名词(如 sheep)作主语时,需通过数量词或上下文判断单复数(如 “a sheep→is”,“two sheep→are”)。
3.集体名词特殊情况:“family”“class” 等集体名词,表 “整体” 时视为单数(The family is big.),表 “成员” 时视为复数(The family are watching TV.)。
解|题|技|巧
“主谓一致三步法”:
1.找主语:圈出句子中动作的发出者(如 “The books”);
2.判单复:判断主语是单数还是复数(“books” 是复数);
3.定谓语:复数主语→谓语原形,单数主语→三单(“books”→are)。
知识点04 可数名词复数与限定词的搭配
(1)核心含义详解
限定词是指修饰名词、表示数量或范围的词(如 some, many, a few 等),可数名词复数需与 “可修饰复数” 的限定词搭配,不能与 “只修饰单数” 的限定词(如 a, an)搭配。
(2)用法讲析
1.限定词与复数的搭配逻辑:“数量≥2” 的限定词(some, many, 数词)才能修饰复数,“数量 = 1” 的限定词(a, an, this, that)只能修饰单数。例如:“three books”(3 本,复数),“a book”(1 本,单数)。
3.much 与 many 的区分:much 修饰不可数名词(much milk),many 修饰可数名词复数(many books),河南中考短文改错常考 “much books” 这类错误。
解|题|技|巧
限定词搭配口诀:
“some/many/a few,复数名词跟着走;a/an/this/that,单数名词才够格;any 单复都能用,肯定 “任何” 否疑 “有”;much 只跟不可数,复数要用 many 救。”
知识点05 易错点点拨
易错点 01:主谓一致搭配错误
错误表现:
复数名词作主语时,谓语动词误用第三人称单数形式(如 “Books is interesting”);或单复数同形名词作主语时,误判单复数导致谓语错误(如 “One sheep are black”)
错误示例
1.误:These books is very useful.(复数主语 “books”→谓语用原形 are)
正:These books are very useful.
2.误:Three sheep is eating grass.(复数主语 “three sheep”→谓语用原形 eat)
正:Three sheep are eating grass.
3.误:The police is looking for the thief.(police 本身是复数→谓语用原形 look)
正:The police are looking for the thief.
点|拨|技|巧
“两步判主谓”:
1.找主语:确定句子中 “谁在做动作”(如 “These books”);
2.判单复:根据 “数量词” 或 “名词形式” 判断单复数(“these” 表复数,“three” 表复数,“police” 本身是复数);
3.定谓语:复数主语→谓语原形,单数主语→三单(如 “a book→is”,“two books→are”)。
例题:
The ______ (student) in our class ______ (like) English very much.
A. student; like B. students; likes C. students; like D. student; likes
答案:C
解题思路:
1.第一步:根据谓语动词 “like” 的形式判断主语单复数 —— 若主语是单数(student),谓语应为 “likes”;若主语是复数(students),谓语应为 “like”;
2.第二步:结合语境 ——“in our class”(我们班的学生)暗示数量≥2,主语应为复数 “students”;
3.第三步:匹配谓语 —— 复数主语 “students”→谓语原形 “like”,故选 C。
易错点 02:限定词与复数名词搭配错误
错误表现:
用 “a/an/this/that” 修饰复数名词(如 “a books”),或用 “much” 修饰复数名词(如 “much pens”)。
错误示例
1.误:I have a books.(a 修饰单数,复数应用 “some/many”)
正:I have some books. / I have a book.
2.误:There is much pens on the desk.(much 修饰不可数,复数应用 “many”)
正:There are many pens on the desk.
3.误:This apples are sweet.(this 修饰单数,复数应用 “these”)
正:These apples are sweet.
点|拨|技|巧
“限定词搭配四不准”:
1.不准用 “a/an” 修饰复数(a books×→some books√);
2.不准用 “this/that” 修饰复数(this apples×→these apples√);
3.不准用 “much” 修饰复数(much pens×→many pens√);
4.不准用 “数词 + 单数”(two book×→two books√)。
例题:改正下列句子中的错误:
1.I buy an oranges for my mother._____________________________________
2.There are much flowers in the garden._____________________________________
答案:
1.an→some 或 oranges→orange;
2.much→many。
解题思路:
1.第一句:“an” 修饰单数,“oranges” 是复数,矛盾→要么将 “an” 改为 “some”(修饰复数),要么将 “oranges” 改为 “orange”(单数);
2.第二句:“flowers” 是可数名词复数,“much” 只能修饰不可数名词→改为 “many”(修饰复数)。
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择(10 题)
1.There are three ______ on the desk.
A. pen B. pens C. penes D. pen’s
【答案】B
【解析】题干中 “three”(三个)表示数量≥2,需搭配可数名词复数。“pen”(钢笔)属于一般情况的可数名词,复数直接在词尾加 - s,即 “pens”。A 为单数形式,C 为错误拼写(一般情况无需变 “e” 加 “es”),D 为名词所有格(表 “钢笔的”,非复数),故选 B。
2.My sister has two ______. They are red.
A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. box’s
【答案】C
【解析】“two”(两个)后接可数名词复数。以 “s/x/sh/ch” 结尾的名词变复数需加 - es,“box”(盒子)以 “x” 结尾,复数形式为 “boxes”。A 为单数,B 为错误拼写(“x” 结尾需加 “es” 而非 “s”),D 为名词所有格,故选 C。
3.How many ______ are there in your school?
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacheres D. teacheres
【答案】B
【解析】“How many” 用于询问可数名词数量,后必须接复数。“teacher”(老师)为规则变化,直接加 - s,即 “teachers”。A 为单数,C、D 均为错误拼写(无需重复 “e” 加 “es”),故选 B。
4.I have five ______ in my bag.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife’s
【答案】C
【解析】“five”(五个)需搭配复数名词。以 “f/fe” 结尾的可数名词变复数需变 “f/fe” 为 “v” 再加 - es(、),“knife”(小刀)的复数形式为 “knives”。A 为单数,B 为错误拼写(未变 “f” 为 “v”),D 为名词所有格,故选 C。
5.There are some ______ on the farm.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep’s
【答案】A
【解析】“some”(一些)可修饰可数名词复数,“sheep”(绵羊)属于 “单复数同形” 的不规则可数名词(类似不规则变化逻辑,),其单数和复数形式均为 “sheep”。B、C 为错误拼写,D 为名词所有格,故选 A。
6.My father likes eating ______.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoe
【答案】C
【解析】“tomato”(西红柿)是“以 o 结尾且表有生命事物” 的可数名词,此类名词变复数需加 - es,即 “tomatoes”。A 为单数,B 为错误拼写(有生命 “o” 结尾需加 “es”),D 为基础拼写错误,故选 C。
7.These ______ are very nice.
A. toy B. toys C. toyes D. toy’s
【答案】B
【解析】“these”(这些)后接复数名词。“toy”(玩具)以 “元音字母 + y”(o+y)结尾,变复数直接加 - s,即 “toys”。A 为单数,C 为错误拼写(无需变 “y” 为 “i”),D 为名词所有格,故选 B。
8.There are two ______ in the room.
A. man B. mans C. men D. mens
【答案】C
【解析】“two”(两个)需搭配复数名词,“man”(男人)是 “内部元音变化” 的不规则可数名词(类似不规则变化逻辑,),其复数形式为 “men”。A 为单数,B、D 为错误拼写,故选 C。
9.I have some ______ in my schoolbag.
A. book B. books C. bookes D. book’s
【答案】B
【解析】“some”(一些)修饰可数名词复数时,“book”(书)为规则变化,直接加 - s 即 “books”。A 为单数,C 为错误拼写,D 为名词所有格,故选 B。
10.How many ______ do you have?
A. story B. storys C. stories D. story’s
【答案】C
【解析】“How many” 后接复数名词,“story”(故事)以 “辅音字母 + y”(r+y)结尾,需变 “y” 为 “i” 再加 - es,即 “stories”。A 为单数,B 为错误拼写(未变 “y” 为 “i”),D 为名词所有格,故选 C。
二、语法填空
11.There are five ___________ (bus) at the station.
【答案】buses
【解析】“five”(五个)需搭配可数名词复数,“s/x/sh/ch 结尾名词加 - es” ,“bus”(公交车)以 “s” 结尾,其复数形式为 “buses”,故填 buses。
12.My mother buys some ___________ (potato) for dinner.
【答案】potatoes
【解析】“some”(一些)修饰可数名词复数时,“potato”(土豆)是以 o 结尾且表有生命事物” 的名词,变复数需加 - es,即 “potatoes”,故填 potatoes。
13.I have three ___________ (child) in my family.
【答案】children
【解析】“three”(三个)需搭配复数名词,“child”(孩子)是 “特殊变形” 的不规则可数名词,其复数形式为 “children”(非 “childs”),故填 children。
14.These ___________ (watch) are very expensive.
【答案】watches
【解析】“these”(这些)后接复数名词,“watch”(手表)以 “ch” 结尾,需加 - es,即 “watches”,故填 watches。
15.There are many ___________ (city) in China.
【答案】cities
【解析】“many”(许多)修饰可数名词复数,“city”(城市)以 “辅音字母 + y”(t+y)结尾,需变 “y” 为 “i” 再加 - es,即 “cities”,故填 cities。
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________.
A.chicken; vegetable B.chickens; vegetables
C.chicken; vegetables D.chickens; vegetable
【答案】C
【详解】句意:到吃午饭的时间了。我想吃一些鸡肉和蔬菜。
考查名词数量表达。chicken鸡肉,不可数名词;vegetable蔬菜,可数名词;chickens表述错误;vegetables名词复数。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式;vegetable是可数名词,some后接可数名词复数形式。故选C。
2.We have ten ________.
A.knife B.knifes C.knifves D.knives
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们有十把刀。
考查名词复数。根据“ten”可知,此处使用可数名词复数形式;knife“刀”,其复数形式为knives。故选D。
3. ________ there lots of ________on the hill?
A.Is; sheep B.Is; sheeps C.Are; cows D.Are; cow
【答案】C
【详解】句意:山上有很多牛吗?
考查there be句型和名词单复数。“sheep”单复数同形,“cow”是可数名词,复数是“cows”;“lots of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,第二个空填cows,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选C。
4.—Do you like ________?
—Yes, I do. I like them very much.
A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.tomatoe
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢西红柿吗?——是的,我喜欢。我非常喜欢它们。
考查名词复数形式。tomato西红柿,单数;tomatos错误形式;tomatoes西红柿,复数;tomatoe错误形式。根据“I like them very much.”可知,此处问的是是否喜欢“西红柿”这类事物,且需用复数形式。“tomato”以字母“o”结尾,其复数形式需加“-es”。故选C。
5.We should brush our ________ twice a day.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们应该一天刷两次牙。
考查名词的数。tooth牙齿,名词单数;tooths错误表达;teeth牙齿,名词复数;teeths错误表达。根据“brush our”可知,此处指刷牙,应用复数名词teeth。故选C。
6.The farmer keeps lots of ________ on his farm.
A.sheep B.chicken C.goose D.pandas
【答案】A
【详解】句意:农民在他的农场里养了很多羊。
考查名词单复数。sheep羊,单复数同形;chicken鸡,复数加s;goose鹅,复数geese;pandas熊猫,复数形式。根据“lots of”可知需用复数名词,但sheep单复数同形,无需变化。故选A。
7.Look! Those ________ are eating ________.
A.child; apple B.children; apples C.childs; apples D.childrens; apple
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看啊!那些孩子在吃苹果。
考查可数名词复数。根据空格前“those”可知,第一空应该填可数名词复数,child 的复数形式是 children;apple是可数名词,此处也应用复数形式apples。故选B。
二、完成句子
8.There is an apple on the table. (变成复数形式)
on the table.
【答案】 There are some apples
【详解】句意:桌子上有一个苹果。There is的复数为There are;an apple的复数为some apples。故填There;are;some;apples。
9.This is the cook’s knife. (变为复数形式)
the cook’s .
【答案】 There are knives
【详解】句意:这是这个厨师的小刀。改为复数形式时,This变为复数These;is变为复数are;knife变为复数knives。句首首字母大写。故填These;are;knives。
10.This is my father. This is my mother. (合并一句)
.
【答案】These are my parents
【详解】句意:这是我的爸爸,这是我的妈妈。合并为一句为:这些人是我的父母。These “这些”;主语“These”为复数,故be动词用are;my parents “我的父母”。故填 These are my parents。
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
一、规则变化类
1.There are many ______ in the park.
A. butterflys B. butterflies C. butterflyes D. butterfly
【答案】B
【解析】以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的可数名词变复数时,需先将 “y” 变为 “i”,再加 “-es”。“butterfly” 以 “辅音字母 f + y” 结尾,符合该规则,复数形式为 “butterflies”。A 选项未变 “y” 为 “i”,C 选项错误重复 “e”,D 选项为单数,均不符合语法要求,故选 B。
2.We need three ______ for the experiment.
A. potatos B. potatoes C. potato D. potatos
【答案】B
【解析】以 “o” 结尾且表示 “有生命事物” 的可数名词,变复数需加 “-es”。“potato”(土豆)属于有生命的植物,复数形式为 “potatoes”。A、D 选项未加 “-es”,C 选项为单数,均不符合 “数量 + 复数名词” 的搭配要求,故选 B。
3.She bought two ______ at the store.
A. brushs B. brushes C. brushies D. brush
【答案】B
【解析】以 “s/x/ch/sh” 结尾的可数名词,变复数需加 “-es”。“brush” 以 “sh” 结尾,复数形式为 “brushes”。A 选项未加 “-es”,C 选项错误变形,D 选项为单数,均不符合语法规则,故选 B。
二、不规则变化类
4.The ______ are hiding behind the tree.
A. childs B. childrens C. children D. childes
【答案】C
【解析】“child” 的复数形式为特殊变形 “children”,无需加 “-s” 或 “-es”。A 选项直接加 “-s”、B 选项多余 “ren”、D 选项错误加 “-es”,均为错误拼写,故选 C。
5.Look! There are two ______ in the lake.
A. gooses B. geese C. goosies D. goose
【答案】B
【解析】“goose” 的复数形式需改变内部元音,为 “geese”。A 选项直接加 “-s”、C 选项错误变形、D 选项为单数,均不符合不规则变化规则,故选 B。
6.The ______ are sharp. (tooth 的复数)
A. tooths B. teeths C. teeth D. toothes
【答案】C
【解析】“tooth” 属于内部元音变化的不规则名词,复数形式为 “teeth”。A 选项直接加 “-s”、B 选项多余 “s”、D 选项错误加 “-es”,均为错误拼写,故选 C。
三、单复数同形类
7.He caught five ______ yesterday.
A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. fishies
【答案】A
【解析】“fish” 表示 “数量” 时单复数同形,此处 “caught five fish” 表 “捕到五条鱼”,无需变形。B 选项 “fishes” 表 “鱼的种类”,不符合题意;C、D 选项为错误拼写,故选 A。
8.There are many ______ in the forest.
A. deers B. deer C. deeres D. deerie
【答案】B
【解析】“deer” 的单数和复数形式相同,无需加 “-s” 或变形。A 选项加 “-s”、C 选项错误加 “-es”、D 选项错误变形,均不符合单复数同形规则,故选 B。
四、易混不可数名词
9.Which is uncountable?
A. tomato B. milk C. apple D. chair
【答案】B
【解析】“milk”(牛奶)属于不可数名词,无复数形式;A “tomato”(西红柿)、C “apple”(苹果)、D “chair”(椅子)均为可数名词,有明确复数形式,故选 B。
10."I need some ______ for the soup."
A. meats B. meat C. meates D. meaties
【答案】B
【解析】“meat”(肉)是不可数名词,无复数形式,“some meat” 表示 “一些肉”,符合语法要求。A、C、D 选项均为错误复数形式,故选 B。
五、特殊变形类
11.The ______ are on the shelf.
A. knifes B. knives C. knifs D. knive
【答案】B
【解析】以 “f/fe” 结尾的可数名词变复数时,需先变 “f/fe” 为 “v”,再加 “-es”。“knife” 以 “fe” 结尾,复数形式为 “knives”。A 选项未变 “f” 为 “v”、C 选项缺少 “e”、D 选项为单数,均不符合规则,故选 B。
12.The ______ are falling in autumn.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leafes D. leafies
【答案】B
【解析】“leaf” 以 “f” 结尾,变复数需先变 “f” 为 “v”,再加 “-es”,即 “leaves”。A 选项未变 “f” 为 “v”、C 选项错误重复 “e”、D 选项错误变形,均不符合语法规则,故选 B。
六、易错对比题
13.Which plural form is correct?
A. foots B. mouses C. women D. sheeps
【答案】C
【解析】A 选项 “foot” 复数应为 “feet”,B 选项 “mouse” 复数应为 “mice”,D 选项 “sheep” 单复数同形,无需加 “-s”;C 选项 “woman” 复数为 “women”,符合不规则变化规则,故选 C。
14.Which noun changes its internal vowel? (内部元音变化)
A. book B. man C. pen D. dog
【答案】B
【解析】“man” 的复数为 “men”,内部元音 “a” 变为 “e”,存在内部元音变化;A “book”、C “pen”、D “dog” 均为规则变化,直接加 “-s”,无内部元音变化,故选 B。
15.Correct the sentence:"There are three mouses in the kitchen."
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【答案】There are three mice in the kitchen.
【解析】“mouse”(老鼠)的复数形式为不规则变化 “mice”,而非直接加 “-s”,原句 “mouses” 为错误拼写,需改为 “mice” 以符合语法规则。
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