专题04 单元语法之非限制定语从句复习（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期上海通用

专题04 单元语法之非限制定语从句复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【2022年秋考】This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 【答案】27 which 【2022年春考】The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 【答案】23.where 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 关系代词用法 知识点01 定语从句的有关概念 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 知识点02 非限制定语从句 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, __________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：我将在九月和我的父母去北京观光，那时天气既不太热也不太冷。先行词是September，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限制性定语从句。故填when。 2．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：学生们聚集在一起享受美食、与朋友社交的食堂，往往成为学校社区的中心。“_________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The cafeteria，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 3．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：这部以年轻侦探为主角的小说获得了年度文学奖。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，The novel和main character之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。 4. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot. 【答案】 from whom。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。 5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 【答案】without whose。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。 6．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：他经常回忆起他的童年，那时他和爷爷奶奶住在乡下。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词his childhood，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 7．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 8．The Amazon River, from the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length -roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚马孙河，雨林的名字由此而来，全长近6400公里，比长江长约100公里。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Amazon River，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．I wish to thank Professor Smith, with the help of , I become who I am today. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我要感谢史密斯教授，在他的帮助下，我成为了今天的我。分析句子可知，此处为介词of+关系代词whom引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Professor Smith在从句中作of的宾语成分，和help形成所属关系。故填whom。 10．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为办公室是新的异地办公场所，其目的是让人们聚在一起，做远程办公难以做到的事情：建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上实时合作。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词offsite是物，因此空格处是which，故填which。 11．I communicated with a lawyer, point of view on the global affair was very novel. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whose 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我和一个律师交流了一番，他关于全球事物的观点很新颖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a lawyer，从句中point of view与先行词为从属关系，关系词替代先行词作point of view的定语，故应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Since 1995, ________ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the network. A．when B．which C．in which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自1995年——人们称之为互联网元年——以来，由于网络的存在，世界变得扁平化了。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，该句中先行词为“1995”，在从句中作“call”的宾语，所以此处应用关系代词which引导。故选B项。 2．The new teaching method, ________ has been praised by educators, focuses on student-centered learning and critical thinking skills. A．what B．that C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种新的教学方法侧重于以学生为中心的学习和批判性思维技能，受到了教育工作者的赞扬。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The new teaching method在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词which引导。故选C项。 3．The book, ________ cover was damaged in the rain, contained rare historical documents that were valuable to researchers. A．who B．whose C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那本封面在雨中损坏的书包含了对研究人员很有价值的珍稀历史文献。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the book”，空格后为名词“cover”，二者存在所属关系，即“书的封面”，因此需用关系代词whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。故选B项。 4．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·海斯蒂曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不必重蹈覆辙。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，空格前的“past mistakes”（过去的错误）是定语从句的先行词，指物，因此排除指代人的选项 C（with whom）和 D（for whom）。结合从句中“learn from...”（从…… 中学习）为固定短语，此处需要表达“从过去的错误中学习”，因此介词用“from”，与先行词“past mistakes”搭配为“from which”，此处为介词from前置。故选A项。 5．What is left over may be put into the fridge,________ it can keep for two or three weeks. A．when B．where C．which D．while 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剩下的可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保存两到三周。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词fridge作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故选B。 6．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for 2 or 3 weeks. A．if B．that C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the refrigerator，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。 7．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs. A．where B．when C．even if D．as if 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人只在他们预计会接触大量细菌的人群中戴口罩。A. where在某地；B. when当……时候；C. even if即使；D. as if仿佛。空格处引导定语从句，crowds是先行词，为抽象意义的地点，从句缺少状语，因此使用where引导定语从句，故选A项。 8．The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, __________ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant. A．when B．whose C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宋代被认为是中国传统文化的顶峰，当时女性的化妆和服装都是简单而优雅的。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“The Song dynasty”指物，从句中缺少时间状语，因此使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选A。 9．To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, ________ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before. A．that B．which C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：令我高兴的是，我的钱包在出租车后座上，在这个地方司机之前根本不可能看见我的钱包。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the back seat of the taxi，表示地点，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导。故选C。 10．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ________ bossy employers maybe challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在僵化的制度中，监管往往会遇到阻力，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the rigid system，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选B项。 11．The factory, ________ we worked last year, produces solar panels for the new energy vehicles. A．where B．what C．when D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们去年工作的那家工厂生产新能源汽车用的太阳能板。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The factory在从句中作地点状语成分。故选A项。 12．There pictures brings to their mind the gold days ______ they spent together, ______life was simple but meaningful. A．that; when B．when; which C．which; which D．when; when 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些照片让他们想起了他们一起度过的黄金时光，那时的生活简单而有意义。分析句子结构及句意可知空①所在句子为限制性定语从句，空②所在句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词均为days，先行词分别在两个从句中作宾语和时间状语，应分别用关系代词that和关系副词when引导两个定语从句。故选A项。 13．Pumpkins are believed to have originated in North America, _______ seeds from related plants have been found dating back to 7,000 B．C． A．as B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：南瓜被认为起源于北美，在那里发现的相关植物的种子可以追溯到公元前7000年。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词North America，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选C。 14．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织的使命是为贫困儿童提供援助，人们相信，该组织通过各种项目，已经对成千上万年轻人的生活产生了重大影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The organization，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词mission，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D。 15． a study turns out, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) technology can better record birds’ migration routes, resting locations and information about how they fly. A．Which B．When C．Whether D．As 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如研究表明，北斗导航卫星系统技术可以更好地记录鸟类的迁徙路线、栖息地点以及它们的飞行方式等信息。根据空后turns和can better record可知，空处应用as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，在从句中作表语，指代整个主句内容。故选D。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二、语法填空 16．The total number of volunteers, give their time to help others, appears to be between fifty and sixty million. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：贡献时间帮助他人的志愿者的总数似乎在五六千万之间。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填who。 17．The family found Dr. Irena Kofman, immediately recognized his talent and intelligence.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的家人找到了艾琳娜·科夫曼医生，她立刻发现了他的才华和智慧。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Dr. Irena Kofman，作从句的主语，表示人，用关系代词who来引导从句。故填who。 18．Mr. Wu, everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：吴先生将给我们做一个关于化学的演讲，大家都喜欢他。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Mr. Wu指人，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词whom/who引导。故填whom/who。 19．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of belong to one group. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：博物馆里有一百人，其中大约三分之一属于一个群体。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为one hundred people，在从句中作主语，且在介词of 后，所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 20．The children, all of had played the whole day long, were worn out. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：孩子们玩了一整天，都累坏了。分析可知，“all of ____________ had played the whole day long”应是之前名词the children的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 21．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】 whose whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：晚上那间房门通常关的很晚的房子是给其中有部分是来自农村的门卫们的。第一个空此处为定语从句修饰先行词house，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。第二个空也是定语从句，先行词guards，指人，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，用whom引导，故填whose；whom。 22．The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：梵高画展在上海举行，其展品吸引了许多参观者。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“The Van Gogh exhibition”，指物，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词“exhibits”，因此关系词应用“whose”，表示“……的”。故填whose。 23．The scientist, research has changed the field of medicine, will give a lecture tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位科学家的研究改变了医学领域，他明天将发表演讲。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The scientist，设空处指代先行词在从句中作定语，修饰research，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 24．This entrepreneur’s private study had but a single window, shutters were kept closed when it was not in use. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位企业家的私人书房只有一扇窗，不用的时候百叶窗是关着的。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a single window在从句中作shutters的定语成分，所以为关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 25．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西安是许多朝代的前都城，这解释了它的历史意义。“ accounts for its historical significance”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“西安是许多朝代的前都城”这一情况在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 26．Finally he reached an abandoned island, was completely cut off from the outside world. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后他到达了一个与外界完全隔绝的废弃岛屿。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an abandoned island，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 27．Some ancient texts describes a city called Heracleion, was located at the mouth of the Nile River and disappeared beneath the waves 1,200 years ago. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些古代文献描述了一座名为赫拉克利翁的城市，它位于尼罗河河口，1200年前消失在海浪中。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a city，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导，故填which。 28． was expected, the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如所预料的那样，实验结果证实了多年前提出的理论。此处需要一个能引导非限定性定语从句且可位于句首的关系代词，指代后面整个主句“the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago” 的内容，并在从句中作主语；特殊关系代词as可以引导该非限定性定语从句，表示“正如”，符合此处语境。故填As。 29．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 30．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旅游业是否像一些人所说的那样，对当地居民的传统价值观产生了影响？分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指代整个主句，词义为“正如”，且在从句中充当宾语。故填as。 31．The event, the novel is based, is of great significance in history. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部小说所依据的事件在历史上具有重要意义。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，可以使用“介词+which/whom”引导，根据从句中的be based on可知，此处介词为on与先行词搭配，先行词the event指事物。故填on which。 32．She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom　 【详解】考查“none of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友去参加聚会，这三个朋友我之前一个也没见过。设空处无提示词，逗号前面是一个完整的句子，且设空处前面是none of，故推测“none of+设空处”引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是her three friends，指人，且设空处在从句中作of的宾语，应用whom引导。故填whom。 33．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：彼得邀请了30多人来参加他的生日聚会，其中大部分是他的同学。分析句子，设空处与前文of构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句，引导词指代前文的30 people，为人。故填whom。 34．Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自20世纪70年代晚期以来，年轻人的抽烟率已经下降了，那时每天吸烟的高中生达到了30%。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the late 1970s，关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 【点睛】 35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好莱坞电影中全球变暖可能使全球气候进入新冰河期的场景可能永远不会发生。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the scene为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 36．Second, the social networking website creates an environment, you are allowed to interact easily with others: You can share your photos, videos, links and thoughts, and respond to what they share in turn. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：其次，社交网站创造了一个环境，在这个环境中，你可以很容易地与他人互动：你可以分享你的照片、视频、链接和想法，并反过来回应他们分享的内容。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词environment，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 37．As planned, we will hold a talent show, everyone can show their outstanding performances. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：按照计划，我们将举办一场才艺表演，在这场表演中每个人都能展示自己出色的表演。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 a talent show，指抽象的地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。 38．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演，在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们和谐地协作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词live performance作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 39．But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/ as/because /since 【详解】考查定语从句/状语从句。句意：但现在，我们正处于一个握手不确定的社交尴尬时期，有些人握手很舒服，有些人则不舒服。分析句子结构，空处可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time，先行词指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句；结合语意，空处可表原因，使用连词as/because/since引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，均符合句意。故填when/as/because/since。 40．Last week witnessed the 20th Science and Technology Festival of our school, theme is “Science lights up the future”. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我们学校举办了第 20 届科技节，其主题是“科学点亮未来”。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the 20th Science and Technology Festival，与从句中的 theme 构成所属关系，即 “科技节的主题”，应用关系代词 whose 引导，在从句中作定语。故填 whose。 41．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果没有那位好心邻居的帮助，那个走失的孩子可能还在街上流浪。“without _____  help the lost child might still be wandering in the street”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是The old man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词help，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 42． is often the case with new technology, it takes a while for people to fully understand it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如新技术的情况一样，人们需要一段时间才能完全理解它。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为后面整个主句，在从句中作主语成分，所以应用关系代词as，表示“正如，像”，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As。 43．The company possesses abundant natural resources, which it has taken full advantage to dominate the market. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】of 【详解】考查动词短语和介词。句意：该公司拥有丰富的自然资源，它充分利用了这些资源来主导市场。take full advantage of是固定短语，意为“充分利用”；关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“abundant natural resources”，在从句中作动词短语take full advantage of的宾语，of不能省略，可放到关系代词which前。故填of。 44．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of had taken more than three years.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：她带游客参观了博物馆，建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。分析可知，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句，设空处指先行词the museum且做介词of的宾语，所以应使用关系代词which，故填which。 45．When an automobile has passed all the tests, it can get a government certificate, without it is illegal to drive. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：当一辆汽车通过了所有的测试，它就可以获得政府的认证，没有认证，开车是违法的。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a government certificate，指物，在从句中作介词without的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 三、翻译 46．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 【答案】My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，根据提示词whom可知，本句应为主从复合句；主语“云南之行”可表达为my trip to Yunnan，“行程匆匆”可表达为though brief(为状语从句的省略，完整句子为though it was brief)，主句谓语“允许”用动词allow表达，“允许某人做某事”表达为allow sb. to do sth.，“游历了诸多胜地”表达为visit many scenic spots，“访了旧友”表达为reconnect with old friends，“交了新知”表达为make new acquaintances，visit，reconnect和make是并列成分，都为不定式作宾补，为避免重复，后面两个动词短语省略不定式符号to；“共话教育新篇章”处理为非限制性定语从句，从句主语是I，谓语“讨论”表达为discuss，“与某人讨论某事”表达为discuss sth. with sb.，先行词是new acquaintances，在从句中作介词with的宾语，为了表达清晰，可将介词with提到句首，用关系代词whom作引导词，“教育的新篇章”表达为the new chapter of education。综上，故翻译为My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 47．多亏了可靠的资源，这信息才有可能为大众所用，这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式。（available）(汉译英) 【答案】Thanks to reliable resources, this information has been made available to the public, which means that language shapes the way we think. 【详解】考查形容词、介词短语和定语从句。表示“多亏了”应用thanks to，为介词短语；表示“可靠的资源”应用reliable resources，作介词后宾语；表示“这信息才有可能为大众所用”中“信息”是information，“有可能为大众所用”即“使大众能获取到信息”，用make sth. available to sb.结构，因information和make是被动关系，结合语境强调信息现在处于能为大众所用的状态，强调对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，即has been made available to，“大众”the public；“这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式”用非限制性定语从句which means that...，which指代前面整个句子，means是谓语动词，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句主语“语言”language，谓语“塑造”shape，从句使用一般现在时表示客观事实，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，后接宾语“方式”the way，the way后接省略that引导的定语从句“我们思考的”we think。故翻译为Thanks to reliable resources, this information has been made available to the public, which means that language shapes the way we think. 48．应该鼓励学生积极参与到社会实践中，这会培养他们解决问题的能力。(engage) (汉译英) 【答案】Students should be encouraged to engage in social practice, which can develop their problem-solving ability. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语和定语从句。表示“应该”用should，为情态动词。表示“鼓励学生”用encourage students，students和encourage之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，should后接be encouraged。表示“鼓励某人做某事”用encourage sb. to do sth.，被动式为be encouraged to do sth.，所以用不定式to engage in social practice作主语补足语，表示“积极参与社会实践”。表示“这会培养他们解决问题的能力”用非限制性定语从句which can develop their problem-solving ability，关系词which指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作主语，表示“这”，表示“培养”用develop，在情态动词can后用动词原形，表示“解决问题的能力”用problem-solving ability。故翻译为Students should be encouraged to engage in social practice, which can develop their problem-solving ability. 49．这座古镇传统建筑保存完好，特色小吃随处可见，令我印象深刻。(where) (汉译英) 【答案】The ancient town, where the traditional buildings are well preserved and the specialties are everywhere to be seen, impressed me a lot. 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、非谓语动词。   表示“古镇”用“ancient town”；“传统建筑”译为 “traditional buildings”，“保存完好”用被动结构“be well preserved”；“特色小吃”可译为“specialty snacks”；“随处可见”用“can be seen everywhere”。 用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“the ancient town”，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，从句内部用并列结构“the traditional buildings are well preserved”和“the specialty snacks can be seen everywhere”，主句谓语“令我印象深刻”可翻译为“impress me deeply”，采用一般过去时，强调动作发生在过去，故翻译为The ancient town, where the traditional buildings are well preserved and the specialties are everywhere to be seen, impressed me a lot. 50．春暖花开的四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机。（when) （汉译英） 【答案】April when the spring flowers bloom is the perfect time (the optimum/ optimal time) to enjoy the beauty of this southern town. April, when it gets warmer and flowers start blooming, is the best time to appreciate the beautiful scenery of this southern town. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机”处理为主句，“做某事的最好时机/时间”表达为the best/perfect/optimum/optimal time to do sth.，“欣赏”表达为appreciate/enjoy，“这个南方小镇的美景”表达为 the beauty of this southern town；“春暖花开的”处理为修饰April的定语从句（限制性和非限制性都可以），表达为the spring flowers bloom/ it gets warmer and flowers start blooming，先行词April在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为April when the spring flowers bloom is the perfect time (the optimum/ optimal time) to enjoy the beauty of this southern town.或April, when it gets warmer and flowers start blooming, is the best time to appreciate the beautiful scenery of this southern town. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) (汉译英) 【答案】Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“上周末”应用last weekend，在本句中作状语；表示“在春意盎然的植物园”应用in the botanical garden in full spring bloom，在本句中作地点状语，其中in full spring bloom (春意盎然的) 为介词短语作定语修饰前面名词garden；表示“我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇”应用my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across，为主谓结构，其中come across表“偶然遇见”，为固定搭配；表示“（这让）我们都非常激动”应用which excited us a lot，为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面句子，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 2．中华民族自古以来都推崇精致风格，建筑、服装和饮食中都可见一斑。(as)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Chinese people boast/admire a historically elaborate style, as can be seen in architecture, costumes and food. 【详解】考查定语从句。描述现在的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时。“中华人民”The Chinese people，位于句首，首字母大写，谓语“推崇”boast/admire，people作主语，谓语动词用原形形式，宾语“精致的风格”a elaborate style，“自古以来”historically，副词修饰形容词elaborate，“可见一斑”用as引导非限制性定语从句来表示，as“正如”在从句中作主语，谓语“可以被看见”can be seen，“在建筑、服装和饮食中”in architecture, costumes and food。故翻译为：The Chinese people boast/admire a historically elaborate style, as can be seen in architecture, costumes and food. 3．这家公司多措并举，通过发送线上邮件到线下走访的方式与目标顾客保持紧密联系，效果显著。(range) (汉译英) 【答案】This company takes various measures to keep in close contact with its target customers, ranging from (sending) online e-mails to (paying) offline visits, and achieves great results/whose effects are great/ the effects of which are great. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词或定语从句。表示“这家公司”用this company，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。句子描述公司的常规做法，时态用一般现在时。“采取各种措施”用take various measures，主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语用takes。“与……保持紧密联系”用keep in close contact with，用不定式，作目的状语。“它的目标顾客”用its target customers，作with的宾语。表示“从……到……”用rang from...to...，与measures是主动关系，用现在分词短语，作后置定语，修饰measures。表示“发送线上邮件”用send online e-mails，“线下走访”用pay offline visits，from和to是介词，后接动名词形式，即sending和paying，也可省略sending和paying。表示“取得显著效果”用achieves great results，用and连接并列谓语takes和achieves。表示“效果显著”也可以用effects are great，“取得显著效果”也可以用定语从句，先行词为 measures，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰effects，用whose引导；也可以用of which引导的定语从句，which指代measures。故翻译为This company takes various measures to keep in close contact with its target customers, ranging from (sending) online e-mails to (paying) offline visits, and achieves great results/whose effects are great/ the effects of which are great. 4．这部电影在海外掀起了观影热潮，它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性，鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路。（whose）(汉译英) 【答案】The movie, whose theme exposes intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations), becomes a hit overseas and encourages young people to explore their own way in life. 【详解】考查定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“这部电影”应用the movie；表示“主题”应用theme；表示“揭示了”应用expose；表示“代际关系的复杂性”应用 intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations)；表示“在海外掀起了观影热潮”应用become a hit overseas；表示“鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路”应用encourage young people to explore their own way in life，become和encourage为并列的谓语，需用连词and连接；其中“它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词theme，需用关系代词whose引导。故翻译成：The movie, whose theme exposes intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations), becomes a hit overseas and encourages young people to explore their own way in life. 5．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 28. which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 25.which /that 【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。” 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 29.which [解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clocks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 23. where 【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 24.where [解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 21. that 【21题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 28.that/who [解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 30. where 30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。 2017年秋考 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and 23. that [解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触..... that 引导的定语从句。 They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. 29.whose [解析]考查定语从句。They are more easy-going when there are animals around.with whose company they tend to calm down more easily.当周围有动物的时候，他们更容易相处，他们更容易平静下来。company 是名词，前面可用形容词性物主代词。 2017年春考 The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). 21.who [解析] 考查定语从句。考查 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 。 The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal who team up to find a missing otter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 单元语法之非限制定语从句复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【2022年秋考】This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 【答案】27 which 【2022年春考】The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 【答案】23.where 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 关系代词用法 知识点01 定语从句的有关概念 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 知识点02 非限制定语从句 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 知识点03 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, __________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. 2．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community. 3．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 4. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot. 5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 6．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 7．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 8．The Amazon River, from the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length -roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (用适当的词填空) 9．I wish to thank Professor Smith, with the help of , I become who I am today. (用适当的词填空) 10．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 11．I communicated with a lawyer, point of view on the global affair was very novel. （用适当的词填空） 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Since 1995, ________ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the network. A．when B．which C．in which D．what 2．The new teaching method, ________ has been praised by educators, focuses on student-centered learning and critical thinking skills. A．what B．that C．which D．where 3．The book, ________ cover was damaged in the rain, contained rare historical documents that were valuable to researchers. A．who B．whose C．which D．that 4．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 5．What is left over may be put into the fridge,________ it can keep for two or three weeks. A．when B．where C．which D．while 6．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for 2 or 3 weeks. A．if B．that C．which D．where 7．Some people wear masks only in crowds, ________ they expect to come into contact with lots of germs. A．where B．when C．even if D．as if 8．The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, __________ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant. A．when B．whose C．which D．what 9．To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, ________ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before. A．that B．which C．where D．when 10．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ________ bossy employers maybe challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 11．The factory, ________ we worked last year, produces solar panels for the new energy vehicles. A．where B．what C．when D．which 12．There pictures brings to their mind the gold days ______ they spent together, ______life was simple but meaningful. A．that; when B．when; which C．which; which D．when; when 13．Pumpkins are believed to have originated in North America, _______ seeds from related plants have been found dating back to 7,000 B．C． A．as B．which C．where D．whose 14．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 15． a study turns out, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) technology can better record birds’ migration routes, resting locations and information about how they fly. A．Which B．When C．Whether D．As 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二、语法填空 16．The total number of volunteers, give their time to help others, appears to be between fifty and sixty million. (用适当的词填空) 17．The family found Dr. Irena Kofman, immediately recognized his talent and intelligence.(用适当的词填空) 18．Mr. Wu, everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. （用适当的词填空） 19．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of belong to one group. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．The children, all of had played the whole day long, were worn out. （用适当的词填空） 21．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 22．The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, exhibits attracted many visitors. (用适当的词填空) 23．The scientist, research has changed the field of medicine, will give a lecture tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 24．This entrepreneur’s private study had but a single window, shutters were kept closed when it was not in use. (用适当的词填空) 25．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 26．Finally he reached an abandoned island, was completely cut off from the outside world. (用适当的词填空) 27．Some ancient texts describes a city called Heracleion, was located at the mouth of the Nile River and disappeared beneath the waves 1,200 years ago. (用适当的词填空) 28． was expected, the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago. (用适当的词填空) 29．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 30．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population? (用适当的词填空) 31．The event, the novel is based, is of great significance in history. (用适当的词填空) 32．She brought her three friends to the party, none of I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空) 33．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 34．Since the late 1970s, daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. （用适当的词填空） 35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 36．Second, the social networking website creates an environment, you are allowed to interact easily with others: You can share your photos, videos, links and thoughts, and respond to what they share in turn. (用适当的词填空) 37．As planned, we will hold a talent show, everyone can show their outstanding performances. (用适当的词填空) 38．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. (用适当的词填空) 39．But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. (用适当的词填空) 40．Last week witnessed the 20th Science and Technology Festival of our school, theme is “Science lights up the future”. (用适当的词填空) 41．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. (用适当的词填空) 42． is often the case with new technology, it takes a while for people to fully understand it. (用适当的词填空) 43．The company possesses abundant natural resources, which it has taken full advantage to dominate the market. (用适当的词填空) 44．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of had taken more than three years.（用适当的词填空） 45．When an automobile has passed all the tests, it can get a government certificate, without it is illegal to drive. (用适当的词填空) 三、翻译 46．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 47．多亏了可靠的资源，这信息才有可能为大众所用，这意味着语言塑造了我们的思维方式。（available）(汉译英) 48．应该鼓励学生积极参与到社会实践中，这会培养他们解决问题的能力。(engage) (汉译英) 49．这座古镇传统建筑保存完好，特色小吃随处可见，令我印象深刻。(where) (汉译英) 50．春暖花开的四月是欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最佳时机。（when) （汉译英） 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) (汉译英) 2．中华民族自古以来都推崇精致风格，建筑、服装和饮食中都可见一斑。(as)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 3．这家公司多措并举，通过发送线上邮件到线下走访的方式与目标顾客保持紧密联系，效果显著。(range) (汉译英) 4．这部电影在海外掀起了观影热潮，它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性，鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路。（whose）(汉译英) 5．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 2017年秋考 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. 2017年春考 The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $